CN109514180A - A kind of method for dismounting squeezing roll sleeve disassembling fixture and roller set - Google Patents
A kind of method for dismounting squeezing roll sleeve disassembling fixture and roller set Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109514180A CN109514180A CN201910044993.5A CN201910044993A CN109514180A CN 109514180 A CN109514180 A CN 109514180A CN 201910044993 A CN201910044993 A CN 201910044993A CN 109514180 A CN109514180 A CN 109514180A
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- Prior art keywords
- roller set
- roll shaft
- roller
- support ring
- cooling
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Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036413 temperature sense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P11/00—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for
- B23P11/02—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits
- B23P11/025—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits by using heat or cold
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of extruding roll sleeve disassembling fixture and the method for dismounting of roller set, and wherein disassembling fixture includes including bracket, covering body, accommodates pond and cooling body.Frame upper is support ring, covering body is coated on roller set outside, it is placed in the support ring, inside is equipped with heating mechanism, accommodate pond, it is located at below the support ring inner hole and accommodates roll shaft, cooling body includes cooling holder, atomizer, pipeline structure and reservoir, and reservoir stores coolant liquid and is equipped with the cooling pump being connected with the pipeline structure.The present invention dismantles roller set and is improved compared to patterning method production efficiency, shortens the take-down time, the roller set under dismantling can also continue to use as needed after repairing to surface, and will not damage roll shaft, overcome the defect of the prior art.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of cement production, and in particular to a kind of disassembly side for squeezing roll sleeve disassembling fixture and roller set
Method.
Background technique
In field of cement production, after a period of use, the roller set of compression roller can be prone to wear compression roller, it is therefore desirable to
Periodic replacement and reparation.To keep subsequent production, needs to cover roller and be replaced faster.Many compression roller rollers in the prior art
Axis is fitted together with roller set by interference fit, in maintenance process, since roll shaft and roller set magnitude of interference are larger, dismantles difficulty
Larger, usually by cutting roller set to realize that roll shaft is separated with roller set, efficiency is relatively low, and inevitably can in cutting process
Hurt roll shaft.
Summary of the invention
It is existing to solve the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of extruding roll sleeve disassembling fixture and the method for dismounting of roller set
The technology of roller set removal efficiency in to(for) interference fit is low, when disassembly the problem of easy damaged roll shaft.
The extruding roll sleeve disassembling fixture, comprising:
Bracket, the frame upper are support ring, and support ring diameter of bore is greater than roll shaft,
Covering body is coated on roller set outside, is placed in the support ring, and inside is equipped with when using and is coated on the roller set
The heating mechanism on surface,
Pond is accommodated, is located at below the support ring inner hole and accommodates roll shaft,
And cooling body;
The cooling body includes having structure:
Cooling holder is laid in around the roll shaft,
Atomizer, including being mounted on the cooling holder against the upper atomizer of roller set roll shaft above and
It is circumferentially located at the lower atomizer for covering following roll shaft on the receiving pond side wall against the roller,
Pipeline structure, be located on the cooling holder and receiving pond side wall in, by the atomizer and reservoir
It connects,
Reservoir stores coolant liquid and is equipped with the cooling pump being connected with the pipeline structure.
Preferably, the heating mechanism includes several ceramic heating flakes being covered on the inside of the shell of the covering body, institute
It states ceramic heating flake and is electrically connected to control cabinet, the control cabinet is connected to power supply.
Preferably, the control cabinet, which is also connected with to be separately positioned on the roll shaft, covers upper temperature sense with the roller
Device.
Preferably, heat-preservation cotton is equipped between the ceramic heating flake and the shell.
Preferably, the cooling holder includes several support rods, and the support rod lower end is mounted on institute by electric rotation shaft
It states on ground or the pedestal outside bracket, the electric rotation shaft is connected on the control cabinet.
Preferably, the receiving bottom of pond portion is fixed with placement pipe, described to place the lower section managed and be located at the lower atomizer,
The inner hole for placing pipe is corresponding with the roll shaft lower part, and the inner hole bottom is equipped with cushion.
The present invention also provides a kind of method for dismounting of roller set, use a kind of above-mentioned extruding roll sleeve disassembling fixture, packet
Include the following steps:
1) temperature inductor, is sticked on roll shaft and the roller set of roller to be torn open, the roller that covering body is coated on roller to be torn open is put on
It is fixed;
2), covering body will be placed in support ring, roll shaft lower end is worn in roller and covering body integral hoisting to bracket to be torn open
Cross support ring inner hole;
3) it, connects heating mechanism and control cabinet begins to warm up roller set;
4) cooling pump sprinkling atomized liquid coolant roll shaft while heating, is opened to be cooled down;
5), the temperature difference between roll shaft and roller set constantly increases with heating time, and inner hole is deposited with roll shaft after roller, which covers, to be expanded
At gap roll shaft by fallen under gravity accommodate pond in;
6) it, closes heating mechanism and roll shaft is lifted into transfer, then the roller set is sling into removal;
7), by roller cover outside covering body disassemble, then remove temperature inductor complete roller set disassembly.
Preferably, roller set is heated to 150-200 DEG C in the step 5), by adjusting spray coolant amount and heating speed
Degree guarantees that the temperature difference between roll shaft and roller set reaches 80-120 DEG C.
Preferably, enable electric rotation shaft rotation that support rod rotation was fallen by control cabinet before lifting in the step 2),
Support rod rotation is holded up again after tearing roller open and being placed on the bracket.
Preferably, temperature inductor described in the step 1) be attached to respectively the roll shaft upper and lower part side surface,
The lateral surface and the roller of the roller set are covered close to the end face of its inner hole.
The present invention, which by heating mechanism is coated on roller and covers surface and carry out heating, allows roller to cover expanded by heating, and roll shaft is due to distance
It farther out and being cooled mechanism cooling at heating therefore there is biggish temperature difference with roller set, the volume of the two thermal expansion is different,
It allows roller set inner hole mutually to separate with roll shaft, realizes roller set disassembly effect.Program advantage is: obtaining compared to patterning method production efficiency
It improving, shortens the take-down time, the roller set under dismantling can also continue to use as needed after repairing to surface, and
Roll shaft will not be damaged, the defect of the prior art is overcome.
Ceramic heating flake heating efficiency is high among these, and arrangement is simple, and heat-preservation cotton, which can not only be kept the temperature, accelerates the upper of roller sleeving temperature
It rises, and the volume change of roller set expansion can be born.And cooling body is in such a way that the sprinkling of roll shaft surface atomizing is cooling, mist
Coolant liquid and roll shaft contact range after change is wide, and evaporative heat loss speed is fast, good cooling results, can cool down rapidly, accelerate roll shaft and
The increase of roller inner room temperature difference.Accommodating pond not only can catch roll shaft by placing pipe when roll shaft is fallen, and placement roll shaft is to inclining
, and by cushion the impact that roll shaft is fallen is absorbed, prevents roll shaft from causing to damage.Pipe is placed under lower atomizer
Side does not influence the cooling of the latter's roll shaft.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 2 is the bottom view of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram (cooling body is omitted) of the embodiment of the present invention 2;
Fig. 4 is the cross-sectional view (cooling body is omitted) in the direction A-A in structure shown in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the partial cutaway view of covering body in the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of cooling body in the present invention.
Wherein, 1, roller set, 2, roll shaft, 3, bracket, 31, support ring, 4, covering body, 41, shell, 42, heat-preservation cotton, 43, pottery
Porcelain heating sheet, 5, receiving pond, 51, placement pipe, 52, cushion, 6, cooling body, 61, upper atomizer, 62, lower atomization spray
Head, 63, pipeline structure, 64, support rod, 65, reservoir, 66, cooling pump.
Specific embodiment
Below against attached drawing, by the description of the embodiment, making further details of theory to the specific embodiment of the invention
It is bright, to help those skilled in the art to have more complete, accurate and deep reason to inventive concept of the invention, technical solution
Solution.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in figures 1 to 6, the present invention provides a kind of extruding roll sleeve disassembling fixtures, including bracket 3, covering body
4, pond 5 and cooling body 6 are accommodated.Bracket 3 can be directly mounted on ground, described a part for accommodating pond 5 and pipeline structure 63
It may be alternatively provided in ground, also may include special pedestal, a part of bracket 3, receiving pond 5 and pipeline structure 63 is located at bottom
On seat.
3 top of bracket be support ring 31,31 diameter of bore of support ring be greater than roll shaft 2, and on bracket 3 be equipped with
Inner hole with one heart and the positioning groove with 4 major diameter fit of covering body.It is fixed conveniently to carry out placing to it after covering body 4 closes in this way
Position.
Covering body 4 is coated on 1 outside of roller set, is detachably connected by two Hough ring structures.Institute is placed on when heating
It states in support ring 31, is internally provided with and is coated on the heating mechanism that the roller covers 1 surface when use.Heating mechanism includes covering
Several ceramic heating flakes 43 in 41 inside of shell of the covering body 4, the ceramic heating flake 43 are electrically connected to control cabinet, institute
It states control cabinet and is connected to power supply, power to ceramic heating flake 43 and control its heating temperature.The ceramic heating flake 43 with it is described
It is equipped with heat-preservation cotton 42 between shell 41, the rising for accelerating roller to cover 1 temperature can not only be kept the temperature, and the body of 1 expansion of roller set can be born
Product variation.
It accommodates pond 5 and is located at receiving roll shaft 2 below 31 inner hole of support ring.Cooling body 6 includes being laid in the roll shaft
Cooling holder, atomizer, pipeline structure 63 and reservoir 65 around 2.Cooling holder includes several support rods 64, the branch
On ground that 64 lower end of strut is mounted on outside the bracket 3 by electric rotation shaft or pedestal, the electric rotation shaft is connected to described
On control cabinet.Can put down when tearing roller, roll shaft 2 and roller set 1 open in handling in this way prevents from influencing handling, reduces handling desired height.
Atomizer includes being mounted on the cooling holder against the upper atomizer of the roll shaft 2 above roller set 1
61 and be circumferentially located at it is described receiving 5 side wall of pond on against the roller set 1 below roll shaft 2 lower atomizer 62.Pipeline knot
A part of the exit branch of structure 63 is located on the support rod 64 and connect with upper atomizer 61, and a part of exit branch is set
Connect in the side wall for accommodating pond 5 with lower atomizer 62, the water inlet portion of pipeline structure 63, which is connected to, interior has coolant liquid
Reservoir 65, reservoir 65 is interior to be equipped with the cooling pump 66 connecting with pipeline structure 63.Coolant liquid using anhydrous rust coolant liquid or
Person be joined rust-inhibiting additive containing water coolant, itself has rust-proof effect, will not become rusty caused by roll shaft 2 and roller set 1
Erosion.
In order to be controlled heating mechanism and cooling body 6 to adjust the temperature difference of roll shaft 2 and roller set 1, the control
Cabinet processed, which is also connected with, to be separately positioned on the roll shaft 2 and the temperature inductor on roller set 1.Hanging device in the program
Roll shaft 2 is hung in disassembly process, there are a small amount of surpluses, are hung when roll shaft 2 falls, and prevent it from falling on and accommodate 5 bottom of pond
It is hit in portion.
Embodiment 2:
As seen in figures 3-6, the present embodiment and difference of the embodiment 1 in structure are that accommodating 5 bottom of pond is fixed with placement
Pipe 51, the lower section placed pipe 51 and be located at the lower atomizer 62, the inner hole for placing pipe 51 and 2 lower part of roll shaft
Corresponding, the inner hole bottom is equipped with cushion 52.The program catches roll shaft 2 by placing pipe 51, places roll shaft 2 to toppling over,
And the impact that roll shaft 2 is fallen is absorbed by cushion 52, prevent roll shaft 2 from causing to damage.It need not be simultaneously using lifting when heating
Equipment, it is more convenient.
For the extruding roll sleeve disassembling fixture in above-described embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of method for dismounting of roller set,
Use above-mentioned extruding roll sleeve disassembling fixture.The specific steps of which are as follows:
1) temperature inductor, is sticked on roll shaft 2 and the roller set 1 of roller to be torn open, temperature inductor is attached to the roll shaft 2 respectively
The side surface of upper and lower part, the lateral surface of roller set 1 and roller set 1 are close to the end face of its inner hole.Later by covering body 4
It is coated on fixed on the roller set 1 of roller to be torn open.
2), enable electric rotation shaft rotation that the rotation of support rod 64 was fallen by control cabinet before lifting, roller to be torn open is placed into described
The support rod 64 rotation is holded up again after on bracket 3, then will will be wrapped in roller and covering body 4 integral hoisting to bracket 3 to be torn open
It covers body 4 to be placed in support ring 31,2 lower end of roll shaft passes through 31 inner hole of support ring.
3), heating mechanism, temperature inductor and control cabinet are connected and begin to warm up roller set 1.
4) the sprinkling atomized liquid coolant roll shaft 2 while heating of cooling pump 66, is opened to be cooled down.The dosage of coolant liquid
It is adjusted with speed by the temperature value that temperature inductor measures.
5), the temperature difference between roll shaft 2 and roller set 1 constantly increases with heating time, is heated to 150-200 DEG C when roller covers 1,
When reaching 80-120 DEG C by adjusting the temperature difference between spray coolant amount and heating speed guarantee roll shaft 2 and roller set 1, roller
Inner hole and roll shaft 2 be there are gap after 1 expansion of set, and roll shaft 2 is accommodated in pond 5 by falling under gravity at this time.
6) it, closes heating mechanism and roll shaft 2 is lifted into transfer, then roller set 1 is sling into removal.If it is desired to roller set 1
It is reused, roller set 1 and roll shaft 2 can be subjected to the thermal stress that generation during heat is torn open is eliminated in fuel factor processing together.
7) roller, is covered the covering body 4 outside 1 to disassemble, then removes temperature inductor and completes 1 disassembly of roller set.Roller set 1 may be used also
Repair to it in case next time uses.
Using above scheme, due to good cooling results, temperature difference can increase quickly, therefore can be shortened the time that heat is torn open,
It is improved compared to patterning method production efficiency, shortens the take-down time, the roller under dismantling, which covers after 1 pair of surface is repaired, may be used also
To continue to use as needed, and roll shaft 2 will not be damaged, overcome the defect of the prior art.
In the present invention unless specifically defined or limited otherwise, term " installation ", " connected ", " connection ", " fixation " etc.
Term shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be being fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection, or integral;It can be mechanical connect
It connects, is also possible to be electrically connected;It can be directly connected, can also can be in two elements indirectly connected through an intermediary
The interaction relationship of the connection in portion or two elements.It for the ordinary skill in the art, can be according to specific feelings
Condition understands the concrete meaning of above-mentioned term in the present invention.
In the present invention unless specifically defined or limited otherwise, fisrt feature in the second feature " on " or " down " can be with
It is that the first and second features directly contact or the first and second features pass through intermediary mediate contact.Moreover, fisrt feature exists
Second feature " on ", " top " and " above " but fisrt feature be directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or be merely representative of
First feature horizontal height is higher than second feature.Fisrt feature can be under the second feature " below ", " below " and " below "
One feature is directly under or diagonally below the second feature, or is merely representative of first feature horizontal height less than second feature.
In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " specifically show
The description of example " or " some examples " etc. means specific features, structure, material or spy described in conjunction with this embodiment or example
Point is included at least one embodiment or example of the invention.In the present specification, schematic expression of the above terms are not
It must be directed to identical embodiment or example.Moreover, particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be in office
It can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiment or examples.In addition, without conflicting with each other, the skill of this field
Art personnel can tie the feature of different embodiments or examples described in this specification and different embodiments or examples
It closes and combines.
The present invention is exemplarily described above in conjunction with attached drawing, it is clear that the present invention implements not by aforesaid way
Limitation, it is or not improved as long as using the improvement for the various unsubstantialities that the method for the present invention conception and technical scheme carry out
Present inventive concept and technical solution are directly applied into other occasions, within that scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of extruding roll sleeve disassembling fixture, it is characterised in that: include:
Bracket (3), bracket (3) top are support ring (31), and support ring (31) diameter of bore is greater than roll shaft (2),
Covering body (4) is coated on outside roller set (1), is placed on the support ring (31), and inside is equipped with when using and is coated on institute
The heating mechanism on roller set (1) surface is stated,
It accommodates pond (5), is located at below the support ring (31) inner hole and accommodates roll shaft (2),
And cooling body (6);
The cooling body (6) includes having structure:
Cooling holder is laid in around the roll shaft (2),
Atomizer, including the upper atomizer being mounted on the cooling holder against the roll shaft (2) of the roller set (1) above
(61) and circumferentially it is located at the lower atomizer on described receiving pond (5) side wall against the roll shaft (2) of the roller set (1) below
(62),
Pipeline structure (63), be located on the cooling holder and receiving pond (5) side wall in, by the atomizer and liquid storage
Slot (65) connects,
Reservoir (65) stores coolant liquid and is equipped with the cooling pump (66) being connected with the pipeline structure (63).
2. a kind of extruding roll sleeve disassembling fixture according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the heating mechanism includes covering
Cover several ceramic heating flakes (43) on the inside of the shell (41) of the covering body (4), ceramic heating flake (43) electrical connection
To control cabinet, the control cabinet is connected to power supply.
3. a kind of extruding roll sleeve disassembling fixture according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the control cabinet is also connected with
It is separately positioned on the temperature inductor on the roll shaft (2) and on the roller set (1).
4. a kind of extruding roll sleeve disassembling fixture according to claim 2 or 3, it is characterised in that: the ceramic heating flake
(43) heat-preservation cotton (42) are equipped between the shell (41).
5. a kind of extruding roll sleeve disassembling fixture according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: if the cooling holder includes
Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches strut (64), support rod (64) lower end are mounted on the outer ground of the bracket (3) or pedestal by electric rotation shaft,
The electric rotation shaft is connected on the control cabinet.
6. a kind of extruding roll sleeve disassembling fixture according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: receiving pond (5) bottom
It is fixed with placement pipe (51), described place manages the lower section that (51) are located at the lower atomizer (62), the placement pipe (51)
Inner hole is corresponding with the roll shaft (2) lower part, and the inner hole bottom is equipped with cushion (52).
7. a kind of method for dismounting of roller set, it is characterised in that: torn open using a kind of extruding roll sleeve described according to claim 1-6
Unload tooling, including the following steps:
1) temperature inductor, is sticked on the roll shaft (2) of roller to be torn open and roller set (1), covering body (4) is coated on to the roller of roller to be torn open
It covers fixed on (1);
2), covering body (4) will be placed on support ring (31) in roller and covering body (4) integral hoisting to bracket (3) to be torn open,
Roll shaft (2) lower end passes through support ring (31) inner hole;
3) it, connects heating mechanism and control cabinet begins to warm up roller set (1);
4) cooling pump (66) sprinkling atomized liquid coolant roll shaft (2) while heating, is opened to be cooled down;
5), the temperature difference between roll shaft (2) and roller set (1) constantly increases with heating time, inner hole and roller after roller set (1) expansion
Axis (2) there are roll shaft when gap (2) by fallen under gravity accommodate pond (5) in;
6) it, closes heating mechanism and roll shaft (2) is lifted into transfer, then the roller set (1) is sling into removal;
7), the covering body (4) of roller set (1) outside is disassembled, then removes temperature inductor and completes roller set (1) disassembly.
8. a kind of method for dismounting of roller set according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: by roller set (1) in the step 5)
It is heated to 150-200 DEG C, by adjusting the temperature between spray coolant amount and heating speed guarantee roll shaft (2) and roller set (1)
Difference reaches 80-120 DEG C.
9. a kind of method for dismounting of roller set according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: lead to before lifting in the step 2)
Crossing control cabinet enables electric rotation shaft rotation that support rod (64) rotation was fallen, and again will after tearing roller open and being placed on the bracket (3)
Support rod (64) rotation is holded up.
10. a kind of method for dismounting of roller set according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: temperature described in the step 1)
Inductor is attached to the lateral surface and the roller set (1) of the side surface of the roll shaft (2) upper and lower part, the roller set (1) respectively
Close to the end face of its inner hole.
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