CN109511659B - 一种含有噻吩磺隆的燕麦田除草组合物及其制备和使用方法 - Google Patents

一种含有噻吩磺隆的燕麦田除草组合物及其制备和使用方法 Download PDF

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CN109511659B
CN109511659B CN201811476453.6A CN201811476453A CN109511659B CN 109511659 B CN109511659 B CN 109511659B CN 201811476453 A CN201811476453 A CN 201811476453A CN 109511659 B CN109511659 B CN 109511659B
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张笑宇
周洪友
孟焕文
李得宙
邢星
刘艳
吴进蓉
李驰
张冬梅
王东
孟超
卢艳丽
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    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
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    • A01N37/38Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
    • A01N37/40Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system having at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same aromatic ring system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种燕麦田除草组合物及其制备和使用方法,组合物活性成分包括二甲四氯、溴苯腈和噻吩磺隆,各成分的质量比为二甲四氯∶溴苯腈∶噻吩磺隆=(1~3)∶(1~3)∶(0.1~0.3)。本发明的除草组合物在使用时溶于水中,于燕麦苗3~4叶期进行茎叶喷雾,能够有效防除燕麦田阔叶杂草,如藜、反枝苋等。该除草组合物具有选择性强,防效高,安全性好,残留少的特点。

Description

一种含有噻吩磺隆的燕麦田除草组合物及其制备和使用方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种含有噻吩磺隆的除草组合物及其制备和使用方法,属于农药和植物保护技术领域。
背景技术
燕麦是一种重要的粮、经、饲及药等多用途作物,是燕麦产区的主要经济和食用农作物。我国主要的燕麦产区分布在华北和西北的冷凉地区。
杂草问题是影响燕麦生产的重要因素。由于杂草根系吸取水肥能力极强,与燕麦争水、肥及光能,严重降低了燕麦的产量和品质,并妨碍收割脱粒。燕麦田主要分布的是旱生杂草,如藜(Chenopodium album)、反枝苋(Amaranthus retrofexus)、猪毛菜(Salsolacollina)等。杂草在西、北部地区5月中旬至6月上旬开始出苗,生长期间遇雨水杂草成批长出。如不采取任何除草措施,将会导致燕麦大量减产;采用人工除草则费时费力,成本过高。因此,使用化学除草剂已成为主要的燕麦增产措施。
迄今为止,我国尚未有燕麦田注册的专用除草剂,有的地区使用除草剂2,4-D丁酯,防效虽好,但是田间观察,该除草剂会引起生长植株根部畸形,根长势慢,根系减少,分蘖减少,籽粒较秕,带壳率增加,降低燕麦的品质和产量。
除草剂混用具有扩大杀草谱,提高除草效果,降低成本,减少药害,降低残留和延缓杂草抗药性产生等优点,是制定农田杂草防除策略的重要内容。二甲四氯、溴苯腈和噻吩磺隆几种除草剂杀草机制不同,尝试几种除草剂混用,以寻找燕麦田使用的安全、高效、低残留除草剂。
发明内容
针对现有技术的缺陷,本发明公开了一种燕麦田除草组合物及其制备和使用方法,将除草剂立清和15%噻吩磺隆可湿性粉剂混合使用,起到了优越的协同效果,能够有效防治燕麦田阔叶杂草,具有选择性强,防效高,安全性好,残留少的特点。
为实现上述目的,本发明是通过下述技术方案实现的:
一种燕麦田除草组合物,活性成分包括二甲四氯、溴苯腈和噻吩磺隆,各成分的质量比为二甲四氯∶溴苯腈∶噻吩磺隆=(1~3)∶(1~3)∶(0.1~0.3)。
本发明的除草组合物,可直接采用上述有效成分进行生产。为了降低生产难度,简化生产工艺,并特别适用于农田现场现用现配制,优选采用已有成品来提供上述成分。
其中,所述二甲四氯、溴苯腈由立清提供,立清的有效成分包括二甲四氯、溴苯腈,二者的含量均为200g/L,剂型为乳油。
其中,噻吩磺隆由15%噻吩磺隆可湿性粉剂提供,在该可湿性粉剂中,噻吩磺隆的质量百分比为15%。
在上述中,除草剂立清是江苏辉丰农化股份有限公司研发登记的除草剂,其有效成份为溴苯腈、二甲四氯,具有触杀、传导功能,杀草速度快,对麦田大多数阔叶杂草均有很好的效果,尤其能抑制草龄偏大和较难防除的杂草;并且该除草剂在使用中无土壤残留,不影响后茬作物。
其中,15%噻吩磺隆可湿性粉剂是磺酰脲类内吸传导型选择性除草剂,可被杂草叶、根吸收,并迅速在杂草体内传导,通过阻碍侧链氨基酸(缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸)的生物合成,阻止细胞有丝分裂,致使杂草停止生长死亡,可有效防除一年生阔叶杂草。
本发明的除草组合物,是将上述两种除草剂混用,不仅能扩大杀草谱,降低用药量,降低残留,增加持效期,减少药害,延迟抗药性产生;同时,采用上述已有的农药配制本发明的除草组合物,便于农民直接在田间地头进行操作。
除草组合物配制和使用时,每667m2燕麦田,选用立清33~100mL、15%噻吩磺隆可湿性粉剂5~15g,其最优的用量是立清33mL/667m2混15%的噻吩磺隆可湿性粉剂10g/667m2,立清50mL/667m2混15%的噻吩磺隆可湿性粉剂7.5g/667m2,立清67mL/667m2混15%的噻吩磺隆可湿性粉剂5g/667m2。加水30~35kg,混配摇匀,在燕麦苗3~4叶期茎叶喷雾。
申请人进行的试验显示,本发明的除草剂具有下述优势:
1.扩大了杀草谱,对旱地燕麦田几种主要杂草藜、反枝苋等效果显著;
2.使用剂量降低,对燕麦安全性好、无药害、降低了残留,对下茬作物无风险,且具有增产作用;
3.残效期适中,一次使用基本保持当季燕麦免受杂草危害,大大节省了劳动力,使产量、效益最大化。
具体实施方式
实施例1 除草剂立清防除燕麦田杂草的浓度筛选试验
2012年在武川县毛黑沟进行除草剂立清防除燕麦田杂草的浓度筛选试验,试验设4个浓度60mL/667m2,80mL/667m2,100mL/667m2,160mL/667m2,不除草和人工除草对照,共6个处理,用水量30kg/667m2,4次重复。小区面积30m2,完全随机区组排列。于杂草出苗后,燕麦苗3~4叶期,茎叶均匀喷施。燕麦出苗后观察各处理对燕麦的安全性,施用15d调查杂草株数,施用30d调查杂草株数和鲜重,计算株数防效和鲜重防效。调查方法采用样方取样法,除去田边0.5m范围内的植株外,在田块随机取样4点,每点0.25m2,每小区取样1m2。收获后测定产量和千粒重。
株数防效=对照株数-处理株数/对照株数×100%
鲜重防效=对照杂草鲜重-处理杂草鲜重/对照杂草鲜重×100%
结果表明,立清用药量160mL/667m2时有轻微药害,有少部分叶片变黄,千粒重明显低于人工除草对照,其它浓度处理对燕麦安全。各浓度立清处理对燕麦田阔叶草均有一定的防效,防效均在60%以上,用量是100mL/667m2时效果最好,防效在90%以上,其次是80mL/667m2,防效均在80%以上。千粒重数据结果显示,用量在60~100mL/667m2,燕麦的籽粒饱满,千粒重和人工对照相比没有差异。各处理均有不同程度的增产效果。说明,立清用量是60~100mL/667m2时对燕麦安全,能防除燕麦田间阔叶杂草。
表1-1 除草剂立清防除燕麦田杂草的浓度筛选试验
Figure BSA0000175209350000021
实施例2 除草剂立清示范试验
2014年在武川毛黑沟、清水河和河北坝上进行了立清的小面积示范,在田间头茬杂草出苗后,燕麦苗3~4叶期茎叶喷施立清,用药量100mL/667m2,用水量30kg/667m2,毛黑沟主要分布的是头一年落在地里的荞麦苗,清水河和河北坝上主要是藜。2016年在集宁进行了立清的示范试验,用药量100mL/667m2,用水量30kg/667m2,杂草主要是藜和萹蓄。结果表明,立清乳油在几块燕麦田的防效均能达到90.0%以上,能很好地除去燕麦田间的荞麦苗、藜、萹蓄及其它阔叶杂草,且能增产。
实施例3 除草剂立清和15%噻吩磺隆可湿性粉剂混用的田间防效试验
在内蒙古包头市土右旗萨拉齐镇内蒙古农业大学科技园区进行了立清和15%噻吩磺隆可湿性粉剂混用的田间防效试验,用药量及混用比例见表3-1,用水量为30kg/667m2,于燕麦苗3~4叶期茎叶喷雾处理。燕麦出苗后观察各除草剂处理对燕麦苗的安全性,施药后15d调查株数,施药后30d调查株数和鲜重,计算株数防效和鲜重防效,其它试验设计、调查和计算方法同实施例1的方法。收获后测定产量和千粒重。
结果表明,两种除草剂可以混用,混用后无分层、絮结、沉淀、结晶析出等现象。田间观察植株表现,各使用量对燕麦均安全,没有药害。施药后15d调查的防效结果显示,立清用量为60~100mL/667m2时,对藜、反枝苋和总阔草均较好,防效均值70%以上,15%噻吩磺隆可湿性粉剂对藜的效果较差,两种除草剂混用后对藜、反枝苋和总阔草的防效均较好,均在90%以上,施药30d的调查结果也得出相同的结论。产量数据结果显示只有在15%噻吩磺隆可湿性粉剂使用量是25g/66m2时产量较低,其它2种除草剂单独使用及混用的各处理均有不同程度的增产作用。最佳使用量是立清33mL/667m2混15%的噻吩磺隆可湿性粉剂10g/667m2,立清50mL/667m2混15%的噻吩磺隆可湿性粉剂7.5g/667m2,立清67mL/667m2混15%的噻吩磺隆可湿性粉剂5g/667m2
表3-1 除草剂立清和15%噻吩磺隆可湿性粉剂混用15d的防效(%)
Figure BSA0000175209350000031
注:A是立清(mL/667m2),B是15%的噻吩磺隆可湿性粉剂(g/667m2),下表同。
表3-2 除草剂立清和15%噻吩磺隆可湿性粉剂混用30d的防效
Figure BSA0000175209350000032
Figure BSA0000175209350000041
表3-3 除草剂立清和15%噻吩磺隆可湿性粉剂混用后的产量
Figure BSA0000175209350000042

Claims (3)

1.一种防除燕麦田杂草的除草组合物,其特征在于,活性成分为:二甲四氯、溴苯腈和噻吩磺隆,各成分的质量比为二甲四氯∶溴苯腈∶噻吩磺隆=(1~3)∶(1~3)∶(0.1~0.3);二甲四氯与溴苯腈的质量比为1:1;
每667m2燕麦田中,用立清33~100mL,15%噻吩磺隆可湿性粉剂5~15g,加入到30~35kg水中,混匀;
噻吩磺隆由15%噻吩磺隆可湿性粉剂提供,在该可湿性粉剂中,噻吩磺隆的质量百分比为15%;
所述二甲四氯、溴苯腈由除草剂立清提供,立清的有效成分为二甲四氯、溴苯腈,二者的含量均为200g/L,剂型为乳油。
2.根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物,其特征在于最优的用量是立清33mL/667m2混15%的噻吩磺隆可湿性粉剂10g/667m2,立清50mL/667m2混15%的噻吩磺隆可湿性粉剂7.5g/667m2,立清67mL/667m2混15%的噻吩磺隆可湿性粉剂5g/667m2
3.权利要求1所述除草组合物的使用方法,其特征在于,将立清、15%的噻吩磺隆可湿性粉剂现配现用,于燕麦苗3~4叶期茎叶喷雾。
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