CN109506926B

CN109506926B - TBM hob rock breaking test bed

Info

Publication number: CN109506926B
Application number: CN201910075634.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张魁; 何仕海; 彭赐彩; 郭龙; 张高峰; 夏毅敏; 周后明
Original assignee: Xiangtan University
Current assignee: Xiangtan University
Priority date: 2019-01-26
Filing date: 2019-01-26
Publication date: 2020-06-30
Anticipated expiration: 2039-01-26
Also published as: CN109506926A

Abstract

A TBM hob rock breaking test bed comprises a rock material bin assembly, a cutter loading device and a hydraulic pump station; the rock material bin assembly comprises a material bin component and other devices; the material bin supporting seat is arranged on the base; the material bin supporting frame is fixedly connected to the upper part of the material bin supporting seat; the material bin assembly is in power connection with a material bin driving device on the material bin supporting rack by means of a material bin transmission main shaft; the rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinder provides confining pressure for the rock block; the material bin driving device drives the rock blocks to rotate around the central axis of the material bin transmission main shaft; the horizontal hydraulic cylinder and the vertical hydraulic cylinder control the movement of the material bin supporting rack; the tool apron supporting seat is fixedly connected with the base; the cutter loading device is in power connection with the cutter assembly on the cutter holder supporting seat and provides dynamic and static coupling load for rock breaking of the hob; the hydraulic pump station is fixedly connected with the base; the end cover hydraulic joint is connected with a valve seat on a hydraulic pump station through a hydraulic pipeline. The invention can be used for developing rock breaking tests of TBM hobs in various modes.

Description

TBM hob rock breaking test bed

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of tunnel engineering, relates to a rock breaking cutter simulation rock breaking test device, and particularly relates to a TBM (full face hard rock tunnel boring machine) hob (disc hob) rock breaking test bed.

Background

In recent years, a TBM (full face hard rock tunneling) tunneling technology is rapidly developed and widely applied to underground space engineering such as water conservancy and hydropower, traffic, municipal administration, national defense and the like. Disc cutters (referred to as hob cutters for short) are the main cutters for cutting broken rocks on TBM and can be divided into center cutters (the installation radius is smaller than 1.5m, the installation inclination angle is 0), edge cutters (the installation radius is larger than that of the positive cutters, the installation inclination angle is not 0) and positive cutters (the installation radius is larger than 1.5m, and the installation inclination angle is 0) according to the installation position and the installation inclination angle of the disc cutters on a TBM cutter head. The different types of hobs have different rock breaking mechanisms and cutting properties. Research shows that the rock breaking mechanism of the positive hob is the combination of rock breaking by blade bottom extrusion and rock breaking by blade side shearing; the center hob also has the rock breaking effect of edge bottom compression, but the edge side of the center hob generates stronger side rolling effect (the edge side close to the center of the hob crushes the rock) because the installation radius of the center hob is smaller than that of the positive hob; the edge hob is obliquely arranged on the cutter head, so that the rock is broken by relatively serious unilateral shearing during rock breaking, and the eccentric wear of the cutter ring is easily caused.

In addition, when the rock mass along the TBM tunneling tunnel is in an unearthed state, the rock mass is squeezed by surrounding rock masses in the vertical, left-right and front-back directions (namely, a confining pressure effect exists), and the rock to be cut on the tunnel face of the TBM also has the confining pressure effect. The confining pressure effect is related to the tunnel burial depth and the geological structure condition, and can have certain influence on the failure mechanism of the cut rock (for example, the part of the rock under high confining pressure can have transient plastic failure behavior), and then the rock breaking mechanism of the cutter is influenced (for example, the high confining pressure under deep stratum can generally reduce the crack propagation capacity of the rock and the rock breaking efficiency of the cutter). From the energy perspective, when the first hob invades the rock, part of the stress applied to the rock at the edge bottom part of the first hob is transferred to the surrounding rock, so that under the condition of high confining pressure, the absorption energy of the edge bottom rock is greater than the dissipation energy, and the energy threshold value for breaking is greatly increased.

In addition, the different dynamic and static loading modes can also influence the rock breaking mechanism and the cutting performance of the cutter. The additional applied dynamic load will certainly increase the total cutting energy consumption under given static load conditions, but will promote the propagation of rock cracks and the generation of rock fragments, thus reducing the specific cutting energy consumption of the tool.

It should be added that, different from the traditional rotary rolling rock breaking mode, the face rock breaking mode has different rock breaking mechanisms and rock breaking efficiencies, and belongs to a novel TBM rock breaking mode. In the rock breaking mode, after the first hob finishes one-time rotary cutting, an annular cutting groove is left in rock mass on the face; two side surfaces of the annular cutting groove are free surfaces; any free surface provides a free surface for the subsequent rotary cutting of the hob (for short, the adjacent hob) adjacent to the free surface; cutting stress generated by the adjacent hob is only transmitted to the face (rock mass on the face is not continuous any more, the stress cannot be transmitted continuously) and is concentrated around the face; the adjacent hob and the rock on one side of the face can finally form rock fragments due to the intersection of the lateral cracks and the face. In other words, under the actual cutting condition of the TBM, the original rock to be cut has a virtual empty boundary such as a concave groove on the side close to the cutting edge of the hob except that the surface to be cut is a free surface, and the virtual empty boundary is also a free surface, so that the intersection of rock cracks can be promoted by using the size boundary effect of the virtual empty boundary, and a large rock fragment can be formed.

Through literature retrieval and analysis, a large amount of experimental researches on the rock breaking mechanism of the face are developed at home at present. For example, Qinchaku of Tianjin university (reference: research on TBM hob load prediction and arrangement method based on rotary cutting) establishes a hob rotary cutting rock breaking model, researches the influence of cutting face on the distribution characteristics of hob load and rock equivalent plastic strain, and researches show that: the closer the hob is to the free face, the smaller the load borne by the hob is, the equivalent plastic strain of the rock is distributed in a biased manner and is biased to the free face; gunn et al (reference document: mechanical property contrastive analysis of a planar cutter head and a two-stage cutter head of TBM) of the Western Ann traffic university establishes a numerical model of rock breaking of an open face hob based on a particle discrete element method, researches the influence rules of the spacing and the depth of the open face on the rock breaking load, crack expansion and specific energy consumption of a single hob, develops a rock breaking experiment of the open face single hob, positions the crack position by adopting acoustic emission in the experiment, measures the included angle between the broken face and the rock surface, and verifies the numerical model, wherein the research shows that the crack expansion depth and the rock breaking load are almost unchanged when the depth of the open face exceeds 2 times of the spacing between the hob and the open face; if the crack is required to penetrate to the face of the empty space, the distance between the hob and the face of the empty space is not more than 200 mm; the minimum specific energy consumption of rock breaking by a single hob on the face is only 0.5% of that of rock breaking by a positive hob combination, and the rock breaking efficiency is greatly improved; further research shows that the larger the first cutter spacing is, the larger the range of the spacing direction influenced by the face is; ben et al (see the literature: Numerical simulation of rock fragmentation by a single TBM disc cutter to a single rock fragmentation face) at the university of Central and south establishes a three-dimensional finite element model of rock fragmentation caused by TBM cutting a disc cutter into rock, and researches on the influence of the face of face on the rock fragmentation mode and the cutting efficiency show that: the hob is critical for distances in the range of 20 to 100mm, and the upper and front faces are cracked and may extend to the face, while the rock between the tool and the free surface may be completely chipped from the rock sample. The research work obtains the distribution characteristics of the stress load of the hob, the equivalent plastic strain of the rock and the influence rule of the depth of the face to the cutting parameters such as the distance between the adjacent hob and the like in the face rock breaking mode, and lays a theoretical foundation for the subsequent popularization and application of a new TBM hob face rock breaking mode.

In summary, it can be known from analysis that, under the working condition of TBM tunneling (full-face hard rock tunneling), the hob type, the original rock confining pressure effect, the loading mode and the novel rock breaking mode (such as the face rock breaking mode) all affect the rock breaking mechanism of the cutter to a certain extent. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct deep comparative experimental research on the cutting performance of different types of hobs under different confining pressure conditions and different loading modes.

However, domestic and foreign research institutions and enterprises (such as the kororado college of mining and the national university of the south and central province, shenyang heavy machinery group limited company, etc.) generally adopt a standard wire Cutting test bench (Linear Cutting Machine) to perform Linear rock breaking test research, and the research work has the following limitations:

1. under the actual tunneling working condition, the TBM hob rock breaking kinematics is characterized in that the TBM hob rotates around the axis of the cutter head to roll and break rock while revolving around the axis of the cutter head. The academic community generally simplifies the rotary kinematics characteristics of the hob into linear motion for study, and simultaneously carries out a linear simulation rock breaking test on a standard linear cutting test bed for verification. Research shows that only when the installation radius of a hob to be researched is larger (such as a positive hob close to an edge hob), the existing standard linear cutting test bed can better meet the engineering precision requirement. When the hob is a central hob with a smaller installation radius, it is not suitable to simplify the rotary rolling rock breaking movement into a linear rock breaking movement due to the side rolling effect. In other words, the existing standard wire-electrode cutting test bed is only suitable for simulating the cutting condition of a positive hob with a larger installation radius.

2. Under the actual tunneling working condition, the tunnel face is a vertical plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the tunnel, so the generated rock slag is shoveled by a bucket and then falls on a conveying belt positioned on the rear lower part of the cutter head along a slag chute in the cutter head under the action of gravity, and then is conveyed to a slag soil field outside the tunnel, and therefore the slag soil generated in the rock breaking process can not be gathered around the cutting edge basically. However, the hob of the existing standard wire-electrode cutting test bed is generally installed on a cross beam capable of moving vertically through a tool apron, and the cut rock surface can only be parallel to the horizontal plane, so that rock slag generated during rock breaking can not be discharged in time under the action of gravity, the rock breaking test effect of the hob is interfered, and the observation of the surface of a rock sample in the test process is influenced. In addition, because the movement law of the rock slag on the existing standard linear cutting test bed is completely different from the actual working condition, the new research subjects such as the slag sliding efficiency of the conveyor belt, the movement law of the slag stones, the risk of breaking the cutters of the slag stones and the like cannot be further researched by additionally arranging other test tools (such as a high-speed camera device, a rock slag conveying device and the like).

3. Under the actual tunnelling operating mode, if adopt novel face the sky face rock breaking mode when tunnelling, except that the hobbing cutter cutting edge is close to face the sky face and wait to cut the surface for the free surface, other faces all have the confined pressure effect in fact. The conventional open face rock breaking test research based on a standard linear cutting test bed only simulates the rock breaking mode in form, but due to the limitation of the standard linear cutting test bed, the open face, the surface to be cut and other rock side faces are all free faces.

Therefore, the conventional standard linear cutting test bed cannot develop a cutting test comparison study comprehensively considering multiple factors such as hob types, the surrounding pressure effect of the original rock, the loading mode and the like. In order to overcome the defects of the existing standard linear cutting test bed, a new technical scheme of a plurality of TBM hob rock breaking test devices exists at present. The invention provides an adjustable multi-hob rock cutting and breaking test device (publication number: CN 101046537A) which is invented by the university of China and south, and a plurality of disc hobs can be simultaneously installed to simulate the condition that the disc hobs cut rocks; although the device can simulate the rotary rolling rock breaking movement of the hob really, the device cannot perform a cutting test considering multiple factors such as hob types, original rock confining pressure effect and loading mode. The university of China and south also invents a hard rock hob rock breaking characteristic testing device (publication number: CN103969101B) for simulating the processes of hob rolling rock breaking, hob rolling impact composite rock breaking and similar hob abrasion; the device adopts the servo hydraulic cylinder to carry out dynamic and static loading tests, needs to be provided with a hydraulic system with higher precision and complex structure, and has higher equipment cost and maintenance cost; in addition, the device has the limitations that only linear rock breaking can be carried out, the surrounding pressure effect of the original rock cannot be simulated, the surface of the rock body to be cut is horizontally arranged, and the like. A medium-speed railway tunnel group company Limited liability company provides a TBM rock breaking test device (publication number: CN 102359919B), which can approximately simulate the real working condition of a cutter, but cannot perform multi-factor cutting tests such as the original rock confining pressure effect, the loading mode, the rock sample rotation function and the like, and cannot simulate the slag discharge of a conveyor belt and observe the motion law of slag stones under the real working condition. Shenyang heavy machinery group Limited company has invented a multi-cutter multi-angle rock breaking device (publication number: CN 102445336A) for a rock tunnel boring machine, which can simulate the annular confining pressure loading function of rock and adjust the rolling shearing angle and deflection angle of a plurality of cutters to break the rock, but can not realize the dynamic and static loading and the rotation function of a rock sample, and simultaneously has the problems of processing track deviation caused by unreliable cutter positioning during loading, and can not simulate the slag discharge of a conveyor belt and observe the motion law of slag stones under the real working condition. A TBM hob rotary rock breaking test platform and a confining pressure device and a rotation device (publication number: CN 103226068B, CN 103226078B, CN 103226077B) matched with the same are jointly invented by Beijing industry university and New Europe mechanical Co., Ltd, Guangzhou city, the device can not only carry out a double-cutter rotary rolling rock breaking test, but also simulate the double-cutter rolling rock breaking test under the unidirectional (or bidirectional) confining pressure condition, but cannot simultaneously consider the hob type, dynamic and static loading, rock sample rotation, confining pressure, a blank surface and other multi-factor hob rock breaking tests, and cannot simulate conveyor belt slag discharge and observe the motion law of slag stones.

In summary, the existing TBM disc cutter rock breaking test devices including the standard linear cutting test bed cannot simultaneously, economically and reliably meet the requirements of performing simulation rock breaking tests and multi-factor contrast cutting test research on different types of cutters (positive cutters, central cutters and side cutters) in different loading modes (static load or dynamic and static coupling loading) and different motion modes (linear or rotary) under the condition of no confining pressure (no confining pressure or different confining pressure), and cannot simultaneously achieve the parallel of the surface of the rock to be cut and the real face (to simulate the real motion law of rock slag and eliminate the influence of residual rock slag on the test process), and further study the slag efficiency, the motion law of rock slag, the rock sliding and the like by additionally arranging other test tools (such as a high-speed camera device, a rock slag conveying device and the like) on the basis of the existing test bed, Slag stone smashing risk and other new research subjects.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the above defects in the prior art, the invention provides a TBM hob rock breaking test bed, which comprises: rock material storehouse assembly, cutter unit spare, cutter loading device, hydraulic power unit, its characterized in that:

rock material storehouse assembly includes material storehouse drive arrangement, material storehouse subassembly, material storehouse supporting rack, material storehouse supporting seat, wherein:

the material bin supporting seat comprises a working guide rail, a horizontal hydraulic cylinder, a vertical hydraulic cylinder, a guide rod, a supporting seat base and a supporting seat horizontal desktop; the working guide rail is fixedly arranged on the base, and the supporting seat base is movably nested and arranged on the working guide rail; the cylinder body and the piston rod of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder are fixedly connected with the base and the supporting seat base respectively; the horizontal hydraulic cylinder drives the supporting seat base to do reciprocating linear motion along the working guide rail; the vertical hydraulic cylinder is vertically arranged inside the supporting seat base, and a cylinder body and a piston rod of the vertical hydraulic cylinder are respectively and fixedly connected with a bottom plate of the supporting seat base and the lower surface of the horizontal table top of the supporting seat; in order to better guide and improve the rigidity of the rock material bin assembly, and meanwhile, in order to prevent a piston rod of the vertical hydraulic cylinder from being affected by bending moment, the guide rod is vertically arranged inside the supporting seat base, the lower part of the guide rod is fixedly connected with a bottom plate of the supporting seat base, the upper part of the guide rod movably penetrates through the horizontal tabletop of the supporting seat, and the vertical hydraulic cylinder drives the horizontal tabletop of the supporting seat to vertically move along the guide rod;

the material storehouse supports the frame and includes material storehouse backup pad, flange seat, the spacing roller assembly in material storehouse, wherein: a bearing seat hole is formed in the material bin supporting plate, and the material bin supporting plate is vertically and fixedly connected to the supporting seat horizontal tabletop; the material bin limiting roller group comprises a limiting roller seat and a limiting roller which is arranged in the limiting roller seat and can rotate around the axis of the limiting roller seat; the material bin limiting roller set is connected with the outer support ring body and the material bin support plate; the connecting flange seat and the bearing seat hole are coaxially arranged and fixedly connected to the other side of the material bin supporting plate;

the material storehouse subassembly is including supporting outer annular body, supporting the inner ring storehouse body, the storehouse body support column of inner ring, rock piece side direction clamp plate, rock piece supporting baseplate, rock piece side direction centre gripping loading cylinder, wherein: the rock supporting bottom plate is coaxially and fixedly connected in the supporting inner ring bin body; the supporting inner ring bin body and the supporting outer ring body are coaxially arranged from inside to outside in sequence; the inner ring bin body supporting columns are radially and axially symmetrically arranged between the supporting inner ring bin body and the supporting outer ring body, and two ends of each inner ring bin body supporting column are fixedly connected with the corresponding supporting inner ring bin body and the corresponding supporting outer ring body respectively; a rock block is placed in the bin body of the supporting inner ring bin body, and the lower bottom surface (opposite to the surface of the rock to be cut) of the rock block is in contact with the rock block supporting bottom plate; 4 lateral rock clamping loading oil cylinders are arranged in positions corresponding to the four side faces of the rock inside the outer support ring body, the cylinder bodies of the lateral rock clamping loading oil cylinders are fixedly connected with the inner support ring bin body, and the piston rods of the lateral rock clamping loading oil cylinders movably penetrate through the inner support ring bin body and tightly press the lateral rock pressing plates to the four side faces of the rock;

the material bin driving device comprises a bearing assembly, a material bin transmission main shaft, a bearing end cover, a speed reduction transmission mechanism and a power source, wherein: an external spline (referred to as an external spline shaft end) is arranged at one shaft end of the material bin transmission main shaft; the shaft end of the external spline is inserted into an internal spline hole formed in the center of the inner supporting ring bin body; the material bin transmission main shaft is circumferentially and movably supported on the material bin supporting plate by virtue of the bearing assembly arranged in the bearing seat hole of the material bin supporting plate; the other shaft end of the material bin transmission main shaft extends out of the bearing end cover arranged on the back of the material bin supporting plate (the shaft end is extended out); and is connected with the speed reducing transmission mechanism and the power source in sequence; the power source and the speed reduction transmission mechanism are arranged on the connecting flange seat;

the peripheral surface of the outer support ring body is tangent to the limiting idler wheel;

the cutter component comprises a hob, a hob adjustable movable cutter holder and a hob fixed cutter holder; the hob cutter is fixedly connected in the adjustable movable hob seat of the hob cutter; one end, far away from the hob, of the adjustable movable hob holder is provided with bolt holes I which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction; bolt holes II with the same size and the same radius as the bolt holes I are uniformly distributed at the left end of the hob fixing cutter holder in the same circumferential direction, and grooves are formed at the right end of the hob fixing cutter holder; the adjustable movable hob holder rotates for a certain angle relative to the fixed hob holder through the circle center of a distribution circle around the bolt hole II, and then the adjustable movable hob holder is fixedly connected to the fixed hob holder through a bolt penetrating through the bolt hole I and the bolt hole II, so that the side hobs with a given installation inclination angle series can be simulated;

the cutter loading device comprises a cutter holder supporting seat and a transmission loading mechanism, wherein: the tool apron supporting seat is of a U-shaped supporting seat structure, the bottom of the tool apron supporting seat is fixedly connected with the base, and horizontal guide rails are symmetrically arranged in the U-shaped opening of the tool apron supporting seat relative to the middle symmetrical plane of the U-shaped opening;

the hob fixing tool apron is correspondingly provided with a horizontal guide groove matched with the horizontal guide rail of the tool apron supporting seat; the cutter components are horizontally arranged, the axis of the cutter components is positioned on the middle symmetrical plane of the U-shaped opening, and the axis of the cutter components is vertical to the free surface of the rock block; the hob is close to the rock block; the cutter assembly is movably embedded into the U-shaped opening of the cutter holder supporting seat by virtue of the horizontal guide rail;

the transmission loading mechanism comprises a hob dynamic and static loading hydraulic cylinder; the cylinder body of the hob dynamic and static loading hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the hob seat supporting seat, and the tail end of a piston rod of the hob dynamic and static loading hydraulic cylinder is movably embedded in the circumferential direction at one end, far away from the hob, of the hob fixed hob seat; applying horizontal static load or dynamic and static coupling load to the cutter assembly through the dynamic and static loading hydraulic cylinder of the hob;

the hydraulic pump station is fixedly connected to the base;

in order to facilitate hydraulic pipe passing and assembly and debugging, oil inlet and outlet ports of the rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinder are arranged on the cylinder body close to one side of the material bin supporting plate; a pipe channel is radially arranged on the peripheral wall of the bin body supporting the inner-ring bin body; a plurality of mutually independent axial pore channels are formed in the material bin transmission main shaft; a radial pore passage corresponding to the axial pore passage is formed in the material bin transmission main shaft; the axial pore passage and the radial pore passage form mutually independent transmission main shaft liquid flow passages; the radial pore channel can lead oil and liquid in the axial pore channel to the circumferential surface of the material bin transmission main shaft;

preferably, the bearing end cover is provided with a liquid flow ring corresponding to a radial pore canal communicated with each transmission main shaft liquid flow channel; each liquid flow ring is communicated with an end cover hydraulic joint fixedly connected to the bearing end cover through an end cover radial pore passage arranged on the bearing end cover corresponding to the liquid flow ring; the axial pore canal of each transmission main shaft liquid flow channel is communicated with a shaft end hydraulic joint fastened on the end surface of the material bin transmission main shaft;

preferably, a sealing device is arranged at the joint of the material bin transmission main shaft and the bearing end cover;

more preferably, the sealing device is a circular sealing ring;

the oil inlet and outlet ports of the rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinder are connected with hydraulic pipelines through cylinder body hydraulic connectors, each hydraulic pipeline penetrates through a gap area between the cylinder body and the material bin supporting plate, and is connected with a shaft end hydraulic connector on the material bin transmission main shaft through the pipe passing channel, the gap area between the bottom of the supporting inner ring bin body and the rock block supporting bottom plate and the inner spline hole formed in the center of the supporting inner ring bin body; the end cover hydraulic joint is connected with a valve seat on the hydraulic pump station through a hydraulic pipeline; considering that 4 rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinders have 8 oil paths, 8 transmission main shaft liquid flow channels are required to be arranged on the material bin transmission main shaft;

preferably, 4 transmission main shaft liquid flow channels are formed in the material bin transmission main shaft; the rodless cavities of the pair of rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinders positioned on the opposite sides are respectively connected with two hydraulic pipelines through cylinder body hydraulic joints on respective cylinder bodies; the two hydraulic pipelines are converged into a rodless cavity converging hydraulic pipeline I through a flow distributing and collecting valve I; rod cavities of the pair of rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinders on the opposite sides are converged into a rod cavity converging hydraulic pipeline I through a flow distributing and collecting valve II; a rodless cavity and a rodless cavity of the rock block lateral clamping loading cylinder on the other pair of opposite sides are respectively converged into a rodless cavity converging hydraulic pipeline II and a rod cavity converging hydraulic pipeline II through a flow distributing and collecting valve III and a flow distributing and collecting valve IV; the confluence hydraulic pipeline is respectively communicated with each transmission main shaft flow channel through a shaft end hydraulic joint fastened on the end surface of the transmission main shaft of the material bin; by means of the rotary flow guiding effect of the bearing end cover, the rod cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline I and the rodless cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline I of the rock block lateral clamping loading cylinder which are positioned at the opposite sides are connected with an A, B port of a branch reversing valve I; the rodless cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline II and the rod cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline II which are positioned on the other opposite side are connected with A, B ports of a branch reversing valve II; the P ports of the branch reversing valve I and the branch reversing valve II are respectively connected with the A, B port of the next stage reversing valve I; t ports of the branch reversing valve I and the branch reversing valve II are connected with an oil tank; the P port and the T port of the next stage reversing valve I are respectively connected with an outlet of the hydraulic pump station and an oil tank;

preferably, the flow distributing and collecting valves are arranged in a gap area between the bottom of the supporting inner ring bin body and the rock supporting bottom plate;

preferably, the branch reversing valve I, the branch reversing valve II and the next-stage reversing valve I are three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valves, and the energy form of a host machine is M-shaped;

preferably, in order to facilitate installation and prevent the hoses from being wound by other forces, the shaft end hydraulic joint and the cylinder body hydraulic joint are rotary sealing joints;

preferably, a rodless cavity oil way and a rod cavity oil way of the rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinder are respectively connected with an overflow valve for loading in parallel;

more preferably, the overflow valve for loading is an electro-hydraulic proportional overflow valve;

preferably, in order to reliably lock the rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinder, a rodless cavity oil way and a rod cavity oil way of the rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinder are respectively provided with a hydraulic control one-way valve;

more preferably, a hydraulic control one-way valve arranged on a rodless cavity oil way and a rod cavity oil way of the rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinder are locked with each other;

more preferably, in order to further overcome the above limitation caused by an excessive number of openings in the material bin transmission main shaft, two transmission main shaft fluid flow channels are provided in the material bin transmission main shaft, wherein: the transmission main shaft liquid flow channel I is communicated with the end cover radial pore channel I through a liquid flow ring I of the material bin transmission main shaft, and the transmission main shaft liquid flow channel II is communicated with the end cover radial pore channel II through a liquid flow ring II of the material bin transmission main shaft; the end cover radial pore passage I and the end cover radial pore passage II are respectively connected with an external oil supply loop through an end cover hydraulic joint I and an end cover hydraulic joint II; axial pore channels of the transmission main shaft fluid channel I and the transmission main shaft fluid channel II are respectively communicated with a shaft end hydraulic connector I and a shaft end hydraulic connector II which are fastened on the end surface of the transmission main shaft of the material bin; the oil inlet and outlet of the rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinder are respectively connected with a hydraulic pipeline through a rotary sealing joint I and a rotary sealing joint II; similarly, a rodless cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline and a rod cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline are respectively converged between rodless cavities and rod cavities of a pair of rock block lateral clamping loading cylinders positioned on opposite sides through a flow distribution and collection valve, and then a rodless cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline I, a rod cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline I, a rodless cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline II and a rod cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline II are obtained by respectively utilizing the flow distribution and collection valve I, the flow distribution and collection valve II, the flow distribution and collection valve III and the flow distribution and collection valve IV; the differences from the above are: the rodless cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline I and the rodless cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline II are further converged into a rodless cavity total confluence hydraulic pipeline through a next-stage flow distributing and collecting valve I; the rod cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline I and the rod cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline II are further converged into a rod cavity total confluence hydraulic pipeline through a next-stage flow distributing and collecting valve II; the rodless cavity total confluence hydraulic pipeline and the rod cavity total confluence hydraulic pipeline are respectively communicated through a shaft end hydraulic joint fastened on the end face of the material bin transmission main shaft; by means of the rotating flow guide effect of the bearing end cover, the end cover hydraulic connectors are respectively connected with A, B openings of the reversing valve I; and a P port and a T port of the reversing valve I are respectively connected with an outlet of the hydraulic pump station and an oil tank.

Preferably, the hydraulic pipeline is a hydraulic hose.

The invention has the advantages that: the device has a simple structure, is economical and practical, has complete functions, is close to the real working condition, and can realize a multifunctional and multipurpose TBM cutter simulation cutting experiment, which comprises a dynamic and static coupling loading experiment, a hob rotation pressure limiting rock breaking experiment under the condition of surrounding pressure, a rock breaking experiment mode under the condition of single-side/double-side surrounding pressure, and a front/side hob simulation rock breaking experiment (comparing and researching the influence rule of different installation inclination angles on a rock breaking mechanism), in addition, the cut rock surface of a rock sample block clamped by the device is the same as the rock surface under the real working condition (vertical to the horizontal plane tunneling direction), so that rock slag can fall on a lower conveying belt under the action of gravity, the real rock slag motion condition is simulated, and the rock breaking effect of the hob interference caused by residual rock slag is not generated; finally, an experiment can be designed, the slag sliding efficiency and the slag stone movement rule of the conveyor belt can be simulated, the rock breaking characteristics in the rock breaking process of the hob can be observed, and a basis is provided for researching the rock breaking mechanism and the rock breaking efficiency of the hob.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of a TBM hob rock breaking test bed according to the present invention (a part of a cutter loading device is not shown).

Figure 2 is a front view of the rock material bin assembly of figure 1.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view a-a of fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the external spline section of the material bin transmission main shaft in fig. 3.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the hob cutting rock.

Fig. 6 is a perspective assembly view of the tool assembly of fig. 1 when the installation inclination angle is zero.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the assembly of fig. 1 when the installation inclination is not zero.

Fig. 8 is a partially enlarged view at C in fig. 3.

Fig. 9 is a perspective view illustrating an assembled structure of the outer support ring body of fig. 2.

Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the installation of rock blocks in the supporting inner-ring bin body by means of the fixed rock mounting base in the unbounded pressure rock breaking test mode according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is an installation diagram of a rock block placed in a supporting inner ring bin body by means of a unidirectional pressed rock installation seat in a single-side confining pressure rock breaking test mode according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a schematic perspective view of a one-way pressed rock mount (including a movable loading steel plate) according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a schematic view of an assembly relationship of a rock block fixed in the supporting inner-ring bin body by the rock mounting seat pressed on the free face in the test mode of rock breaking on the free face according to an embodiment of the present invention (shown in full section by a sectional plane a-a shown in fig. 2).

Fig. 14 is a schematic perspective view of a rock mount for a hollow face under pressure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 15 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 5 at B.

Fig. 16 is a schematic view of the mounting of the exciter on the base according to the first embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 17 is a schematic main full-section view of a rock material bin assembly according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 18 is a partial enlarged view at D in fig. 17.

Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view of the externally splined section of the magazine drive shaft of figure 17.

Fig. 20 is a hydraulic operation schematic diagram of a rock block lateral clamping loading cylinder in the second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 21 is another hydraulic schematic diagram of a rock block lateral clamp loading cylinder according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to better describe the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The first embodiment is described in detail.

Fig. 1 to 16 are attached drawings of a first embodiment of a TBM hob rock breaking test bed according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 1-3, a TBM hob rock breaking test bed comprises a rock material bin assembly, a cutter component (2) and a cutter loading device, and is characterized in that:

rock material storehouse assembly includes material storehouse drive arrangement, material storehouse subassembly (5), material storehouse supporting frame, material storehouse supporting seat (7), wherein:

the material bin supporting seat (7) comprises a working guide rail (7-1), a horizontal hydraulic cylinder (7-2), a vertical hydraulic cylinder (7-3), a guide rod (7-4), a supporting seat base (7-5) and a supporting seat horizontal table top (7-6); as shown in figure 1, the working guide rail (7-1) is horizontally and fixedly arranged on the base (1), and the supporting seat base (7-5) is movably nested and arranged on the working guide rail (7-1); the cylinder body and the piston rod of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder (7-2) are fixedly connected with the base (1) and the supporting seat base (7-5) respectively, and the supporting seat base (7-5) can make reciprocating linear motion along the working guide rail (7-1) under the driving of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder (7-2); the vertical hydraulic cylinder (7-3) is vertically arranged inside the supporting seat base (7-5), and a cylinder body and a piston rod of the vertical hydraulic cylinder (7-3) are respectively and fixedly connected with a bottom plate of the supporting seat base (7-5) and the lower surface of a horizontal table top (7-6) of the supporting seat; in order to better guide and improve the rigidity of the rock material bin assembly and prevent a piston rod of a vertical hydraulic cylinder (7-3) from being subjected to bending moment, a guide rod (7-4) is vertically arranged inside a supporting seat base (7-5), the lower part of the guide rod (7-4) is fixedly connected with a bottom plate of the supporting seat base (7-5), and the upper part of the guide rod (7-4) movably penetrates through a horizontal table top (7-6) of the supporting seat; thus, the horizontal table top (7-6) of the supporting seat can vertically move up and down along the guide rod (7-4) under the driving of the vertical hydraulic cylinder (7-3);

the material bin supporting rack comprises a material bin supporting plate (6-1), a connecting flange seat (6-2) and a material bin limiting roller assembly (6-3), wherein: as shown in fig. 3 and 8, a bearing seat hole (6-1-1) is formed in the material bin support plate (6-1); the material bin supporting plate (6-1) is vertically and fixedly connected onto the supporting seat horizontal tabletop (7-6); the material bin limiting roller assembly (6-3) comprises a limiting roller seat (6-3-2) and a limiting roller (6-3-1) which is arranged in the limiting roller seat and can flexibly rotate around the axis of the limiting roller seat; the material bin limiting roller assembly (6-3) is used for movably connecting the supporting outer ring body (5-1) with the material bin supporting plate (6-1) and limiting the radial movement of the supporting outer ring body (5-1) relative to the material bin supporting plate (6-1) at the same time, so that the counter force born by the supporting outer ring body (5-1) is transmitted to the material bin supporting plate (6-1); in the embodiment, as shown in figure 2, in order to optimize the limiting effect of the material bin limiting roller assembly (6-3) and increase the rigidity of the device, the material bin limiting roller assembly (6-3) comprises a limiting roller seat (6-3-2) and 2 limiting rollers (6-3-1) which are arranged in the limiting roller seat and can flexibly rotate around the axes of the limiting roller seat; the 4 groups of material bin limiting roller assemblies (6-3) are circumferentially and equiangularly fixed on one side of the material bin supporting plate (6-1) symmetrically (about the center of the material bin supporting plate (6-1)) at intervals; the connecting flange seat (6-2) and the bearing seat hole (6-1-1) are coaxially arranged and fixedly connected to the other side of the material bin supporting plate (6-1);

as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the material bin assembly (5) comprises an outer supporting ring body (5-1), an inner supporting ring bin body (5-2), inner supporting ring bin body supporting columns (5-3), rock blocks lateral pressing plates (5-4), rock block supporting bottom plates (5-5) and rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinders (5-6), wherein: the rock supporting bottom plate (5-5) is coaxially and fixedly connected in the bin body supporting the inner ring bin body (5-2) through screws; the supporting inner ring bin body (5-2) and the supporting outer ring body (5-1) are coaxially arranged from inside to outside in sequence; at least 3 inner ring bin body supporting columns (5-3) are radially and axially symmetrically arranged between the supporting inner ring bin body (5-2) and the supporting outer ring body (5-1), and two ends of each inner ring bin body supporting column (5-3) are respectively fixedly connected with the supporting inner ring bin body (5-2) and the supporting outer ring body (5-1) which correspond to the inner ring bin body supporting column; thus, the supporting outer ring body (5-1) and the supporting inner ring bin body (5-2) are connected through the inner ring bin body supporting column (5-3) to form a rotating whole; in this example, in order to optimize the supporting and limiting effect of the inner ring bin body supporting columns (5-3) and increase the rigidity of the device, the arrangement mode of the device is similar to that of the material bin limiting roller assemblies (6-3), two adjacent inner ring bin body supporting columns (5-3) form an inner ring bin body supporting column assembly, and 4 groups of the inner ring bin body supporting column assemblies are circumferentially arranged between the supporting inner ring bin body (5-2) and the supporting outer ring body (5-1) symmetrically at equal angular intervals, as shown in fig. 2; the rock block (10) is placed in the bin body of the supporting inner ring bin body (5-2), and the lower bottom surface (opposite to the surface of the rock to be cut) of the rock block (10) is contacted with the rock block supporting bottom plate (5-5); inside the supporting outer ring body (5-1), 4 rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinders (5-6) which are only used for clamping the rock blocks (10) or applying lateral confining pressure load to the side faces of the rock blocks (10) are arranged at positions corresponding to the four side faces of the rock blocks (10), the cylinder bodies of the rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinders are fixedly connected with the supporting inner ring bin body (5-2), piston rods of the rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinders movably penetrate through the supporting inner ring bin body (5-2), and the rock block lateral pressing plates (5-4) are pressed on the four side faces of the rock blocks (10); therefore, the rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinder (5-6) can be used for exerting a confining pressure effect on the rock side face so as to realize the simulation of the original rock confining pressure state on the TBM tunneling stratum, particularly the deep rock stratum face; in order to improve the mechanical manufacturing process of the outer supporting ring body (5-1), in this example, as shown in fig. 9, the outer supporting ring body (5-1) is preferably designed in a split structure, that is, the outer supporting ring body (5-1) is formed by connecting 4 1/4 circular ring bodies (5-1-2) end to end with an annular connecting plate (5-1-1) by bolts; it is worth to be noted that the example can also simulate the clamping of the rock block (10) under the condition of no confining pressure, namely the piston rod of the rock block lateral clamping loading cylinder (5-6) only presses the rock block lateral pressing plate (5-4) to the rock block (10) without applying confining pressure to the rock block (10);

the material bin driving device comprises a bearing assembly, a material bin transmission main shaft (4-2), a bearing end cover (4-4), a speed reduction transmission mechanism (not shown) and a power source (not shown), wherein: an external spline (referred to as an external spline shaft end) is arranged at one shaft end (the right end shown in figure 3 in the example) of the material bin transmission main shaft (4-2), and the shaft end view is shown in figure 4; the shaft end of the external spline is inserted into an internal spline hole formed in the center of the supporting internal ring bin body (5-2) to form spline fit; the material bin transmission main shaft (4-2) is circumferentially and movably supported on the material bin supporting plate (6-1) by virtue of a bearing assembly arranged in a bearing seat hole (6-1-1) of the material bin supporting plate (6-1); the other shaft end of the material bin transmission main shaft (4-2) extends out of a bearing end cover (4-4) arranged on the back of the material bin supporting plate (6-1) (referred to as an extending shaft end), the extending shaft end of the material bin transmission main shaft (4-2) is provided with a gear I (4-3) through a flat key (4-6), and the shaft end is axially fixed by a shaft end retainer ring (4-7); in this example, the power source can be a hydraulic motor or an electric motor, and the reduction transmission mechanism can be a three-stage gear reduction box; the power source and the speed reduction transmission mechanism are arranged on the connecting flange seat (6-2); the power source is in power connection with a gear I (4-3) through the speed reduction transmission mechanism; it is worth mentioning that the axial positioning of the bearing assembly may be accomplished by a bearing end cap (4-4);

the peripheral surface of the outer supporting ring body (5-1) is tangent to the limiting roller (6-3-1); therefore, the material bin limiting roller assembly (6-3) can play a role of movably connecting the supporting outer ring body (5-1) with the material bin supporting plate (6-1), and can prevent the supporting outer ring body (5-1) from moving radially relative to the material bin supporting plate (6-1);

in this case, in order to provide sufficient supporting counterforce to the material bin assembly (5) in consideration of the three-way force characteristic generated when the hob breaks rock, the bearing assembly can be used in a group of a thrust bearing (4-1) and a radial bearing (4-5) as shown in fig. 8, or a tapered roller bearing mounted back to back;

as shown in fig. 1 and 5, the cutter assembly (2) comprises a hob (2-1), an adjustable hob holder (2-2) and a fixed hob holder (2-3), wherein: the hob (2-1) is fixedly connected in the adjustable movable hob holder (2-2); one end (the right end shown in figure 5) of the hob adjustable movable tool apron (2-2) far away from the hob (2-1) is provided with bolt holes I (not numbered) which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction; bolt holes II (unnumbered) which are equally distributed with radiuses (equal to the bolt holes I) and have the same size are uniformly distributed on the left end of the hob fixing tool apron (2-3) in the same circumferential direction, and grooves are formed in the right end of the hob fixing tool apron; the adjustable movable hob holder (2-2) is rotated by a certain angle relative to the fixed hob holder (2-3) through the circle center of a distribution circle around the bolt hole II, the adjustable movable hob holder (2-2) is fixedly connected to the fixed hob holder (2-3) through a bolt penetrating through the bolt hole I and the bolt hole II, and an edge hob (a positive hob or a central hob) with a given installation inclination angle series can be simulated (as shown in figure 6, when the rotation angle is zero), so that the influence law of different installation inclination angles on the rock breaking characteristics of the edge hob is researched;

more specifically, in order to improve the assembly manufacturability of the hob adjustable movable tool apron (2-2) and the hob fixed tool apron (2-3) and optimize the stress relation of the bolt, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, a groove is processed at one end of the hob adjustable movable tool apron (2-2) provided with a bolt hole i, and a protruding structure matched with the groove is processed at one end (the left end as shown in fig. 5) of the hob fixed tool apron (2-3) provided with a bolt hole ii;

the cutter loading device comprises a cutter holder supporting seat (3-2) and a transmission loading mechanism (3-3), wherein: the tool apron supporting seat (3-2) is of a U-shaped supporting seat structure, the bottom of the tool apron supporting seat is fixedly connected with the base (1), and horizontal guide structures are symmetrically arranged in the U-shaped opening (about the middle symmetrical plane of the U-shaped opening), as shown in figure 1, the horizontal guide rails (3-1) are arranged in the U-shaped opening;

a horizontal guide structure II matched with the horizontal guide structure of the cutter holder supporting seat (3-2) is correspondingly arranged on the hob fixing cutter holder (2-3); in this example, more specifically, the horizontal guide structure ii is opened on the side surface of the hob fixing tool seat (2-3), i.e. the horizontal guide groove (2-3-1) as shown in fig. 5 to 7, and a dovetail groove is preferably adopted; the cutter components are horizontally arranged, the axis of the cutter components is positioned on the middle symmetrical plane of the U-shaped opening, and the axis of the cutter components is vertical to the free surface of the rock block (10); the hob (2-1) is close to the rock block (10); the cutter component (2) is movably embedded into the U-shaped opening of the cutter holder supporting seat (3-2) by virtue of the horizontal guide rail (3-1).

The transmission loading mechanism (3-3) is used for applying horizontal static load or dynamic and static coupling load to the cutter assembly (2) and providing cutting load of a required type and size for the roller cutter (2-1) to roll the crushed rock block (10), as shown in figure 1, the transmission loading mechanism (3-3) provided in the embodiment can adopt the following two technical schemes:

scheme 1: the transmission loading mechanism (3-3) comprises a hob dynamic and static loading hydraulic cylinder; the cylinder body of the hob dynamic and static loading hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the hob seat supporting seat (3-2), and the tail end of a piston rod (3-5) of the hob dynamic and static loading hydraulic cylinder is movably embedded in the circumferential direction at one end, far away from the hob, of the hob fixed hob seat (2-3); applying horizontal static load or dynamic and static coupling load to the cutter assembly (2) through the dynamic and static loading hydraulic cylinder of the hob;

preferably, in order to improve the assembly manufacturability, the cutter assembly (2) further comprises a cover block (2-4); a lower circular groove (2-3-2) is formed in one end, away from the hob (2-1), of the hob fixing tool apron (2-3); the cover block (2-4) is fixedly connected with the hob fixing tool apron (2-3) so that the large end of the piston rod (3-5) is embedded in the circular groove (2-3-2) of the hob fixing tool apron (2-3), and the small end movably passes through the central through hole of the cover block (2-4); the cover block (2-4) only restricts the axial movement of the piston rod (3-5) relative to the hob fixing tool apron (2-3);

more preferably, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the cover block (2-4) may also be provided with a horizontal guide groove identical to the hob fixing tool holder (2-3) to improve the fitting rigidity.

Scheme 2: the transmission loading mechanism (3-3) comprises a rotary power source (not shown), a vibration exciter (3-6), a speed reducing mechanism (not shown), a screw rod (3-3-1), a turbine (3-3-2) and a worm (3-3-3); a threaded hole (unnumbered) matched with the screw rod (3-3-1) is formed in the center of the turbine (3-3-2), and the turbine (3-3-2) and the screw rod (3-3-1) form a screw rod nut transmission mechanism with a certain axial fit clearance through the threaded hole on the turbine; in the embodiment, the axial fit clearance is preferably not less than 0.6mm (belonging to a large clearance fit size series), otherwise, the excitation force is transmitted to the tool apron supporting seat (3-2) through the turbine (3-3-2) instead of being transmitted to the tool assembly (2) through the screw rod (3-3-1);

the rotary power source is in power connection with the worm (3-3-3) through the speed reducing mechanism; the worm (3-3-3) is matched with the turbine (3-3-2); the worm (3-3-3) and the turbine (3-3-2) are circumferentially and movably arranged on the tool apron supporting seat (3-2); one end of the screw rod (3-3-1) is circumferentially and movably embedded in one end, far away from the hob, of the hob fixing tool holder (2-3); the other end of the screw rod (3-3-1) penetrates through the threaded hole and abuts against an impact rod (3-6-1) of the vibration exciter (3-6); the vibration exciter (3-6) can keep following with the screw rod (3-3-1); under the drive of the rotary power source, the screw rod (3-3-1) and the cutter assembly (2) both move horizontally and linearly to the cutter seat supporting seat (3-2); meanwhile, due to the fact that the axial fit clearance exists, impact vibration energy of the vibration exciter (3-6) is transmitted to the cutter assembly (2) through the lead screw (3-3-1), dynamic and static coupling loading is achieved, and dynamic and static coupling rock breaking tests and related comparison tests under given conditions can be conducted by controlling parameters such as output torque and rotating speed of the rotary power source, vibration frequency, amplitude and impact energy of the vibration exciter (3-6), and reduction ratio of the speed reducing mechanism in real time.

In the embodiment, the rotary power source, the vibration exciters (3-6) and the speed reducing mechanism respectively adopt a hydraulic motor (or a high-torque adjustable-speed motor), a hydraulic impact hammer (or an air hammer) and a gear reduction box with an adjustable speed ratio; it is worth to be noted that, in the embodiment, because a scheme of 'a rotary power source-a speed reducer-a worm gear mechanism-a lead screw nut mechanism' is adopted to apply a horizontal static load to the cutter assembly (2), rather than the traditional scheme of driving by using a hydraulic cylinder, the scheme has the advantages that the excellent mechanical self-locking characteristic and transmission precision characteristic of threads are used (the requirement of engineering application precision is met), and a conventional hydraulic self-locking device is used (expensive servo oil cylinders, high-performance inlet hydraulic locking valves and other hydraulic components are not needed), so that the cutting depth fluctuation caused by the characteristic step crushing load characteristic generated when the hob (2-1) breaks the rock is reliably prevented, and the rock breaking test under the accurate given cutting depth can be economically realized (the common standard wire cutting test bed can not realize); in addition, because the scheme of 'vibration exciter-screw nut mechanism' is adopted to apply horizontal dynamic load to the cutter assembly (2), the scheme has the advantages that the vibration exciters (3-6) can adopt more economical hydraulic impact hammers (or air hammers) instead of hydraulic servo oil cylinders, so that a hydraulic pump station system with higher performance requirements does not need to be configured, and the maintenance is easier.

Preferably, in order to improve the assembly manufacturability, the cutter component (2) further comprises a cover block (2-4) with a through hole in the center; a lower circular groove (2-3-2) is formed in one end, away from the hob (2-1), of the hob fixing tool apron (2-3); the tail end of the screw rod (3-3-1) is fixedly connected with a T-shaped lug (3-3-4); the cover block (2-4) is fixedly connected with the hob fixing tool apron (2-3) so that the large end of the T-shaped lug (3-3-4) is embedded in the circular groove (2-3-2) of the hob fixing tool apron (2-3), and the small end movably passes through the central through hole of the cover block (2-4); the cover block (2-4) only restricts the axial movement of the screw rod (3-3-1) relative to the hob fixing tool holder (2-3).

Considering that in the test process, when the hob (2-1) penetrates into the rock block (10), as the left end (shown in fig. 5) of the screw rod (3-3-1) is tightly pressed on the hob fixing tool base (2-3), the contact surface of the screw rod (3-3-1) generates huge positive pressure, and the generated resistance moment can seriously influence the relative rotation of the screw rod (3-3-1), so that the test energy consumption is increased, preferably, the tail end of the screw rod (3-3-1) is coaxially provided with a T-shaped lug (3-3-4); the small end of the T-shaped lug (3-3-4) is embedded in an inner hole at the tail end of the screw rod (3-3-1) in a circumferential movable manner through a centripetal thrust bearing; in this case, more specifically, the angular contact thrust bearing is a NKXR40 type needle roller-thrust cylindrical needle roller bearing, and the installation form of the bearing in the small end of the T-shaped projection (3-3-4) and the inner hole of the screw rod (3-3-1) is shown in fig. 15.

Preferably, in order to improve the assembly manufacturability, as shown in fig. 5, one end of the screw rod (3-3-1) far away from the cutter assembly (2) is in power connection with the impact rod (3-6-1) of the vibration exciter (3-6) through a connecting sleeve (3-4) capable of rotating relatively in the circumferential direction.

Preferably, the invention also comprises a vibration exciter follow-up support (19), and is characterized in that: as shown in fig. 16, the vibration exciter (3-6) is mounted on a vibration exciter follow-up support (19); the lower part of the vibration exciter follow-up support (19) is provided with a horizontal follow-up guide groove, and the base (1) is provided with a horizontal follow-up guide rail (20) matched with the horizontal follow-up guide groove; the horizontal follow-up guide rail (20) is consistent with the guide direction of a horizontal guide structure on the tool apron supporting seat (3-2); the vibration exciter follow-up support (19) is movably nested on the base (1) by virtue of a horizontal follow-up guide rail (20); the position of the vibration exciter follow-up support (19) relative to the base (1) can be adjusted and locked through the fastening device; in this case, the tightening device preferably includes a flank plate (19-1) and a locking screw (21); the pair of side wing plates (19-1) are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the vibration exciter follow-up support (19), and the middle parts of the side wing plates (19-1) are provided with through holes; correspondingly, a pair of locking screws (21) is symmetrically arranged at two sides of the vibration exciter follow-up support (19), and the axial direction of the locking screws (21) is consistent with the guiding direction of the horizontal follow-up guide rail (20); the locking screw rod (21) is fixedly connected to the base (1) through a screw rod supporting seat (22); the locking screw rod (21) movably passes through the through hole of the side wing plate (19-1); nuts are respectively arranged on the locking screw rod (21) and positioned on two sides of the side wing plate (19-1), and the vibration exciter follow-up support (19) is locked on the base (1) by means of the nuts; preferably, opposite nuts are respectively arranged on the locking screw rod (21) and positioned at two sides of the side wing plate (19-1) for preventing looseness.

Preferably, a screw rod protective sleeve (3-5) is sleeved on the screw rod (3-3-1);

preferably, the conveyor belt (8) is horizontally arranged below the material bin assembly (5), and the conveyor belt (8) is used for conveying rock slag generated when the hob breaks rock;

preferably, in order to realize the hob rock breaking test under the non-confining pressure condition, the material bin assembly (5) further comprises a fixed rock mounting seat shown in fig. 10; the fixed rock mounting base is formed by welding four side steel plates I (5-7) and a bottom steel plate I (not shown); the lower part of the rock block (10) (i.e. the end remote from the surface to be cut) is arranged in the fixed rock mount; the lower part of a rock block (10) is firmly fixed in the seat body of the fixed rock installation seat through a side steel plate I (5-7) of the fixed rock installation seat through a fastening screw (not shown); if necessary, the gap between the lower part of the rock block (10) and the seat body of the fixed rock installation seat is reliably filled with cement (10-1); the fixed rock mounting seat is placed in a bin body supporting an inner ring bin body (5-2), and a bottom steel plate I of the fixed rock mounting seat is in contact with a rock supporting bottom plate (5-5); the rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinder (5-6) tightly presses a rock block lateral pressing plate (5-4) to a lateral steel plate I (5-7) of the fixed rock mounting seat, so that the rock block (10) is reliably clamped and mounted in the bin body of the supporting inner ring bin body (5-2), and lateral confining pressure is not applied to the rock block (10);

preferably, in order to realize a hob rock breaking test under a unilateral confining pressure condition and avoid a remarkable confining pressure effect on a rock block clamping surface due to overlarge clamping force, a specially designed tool clamp is used, namely the material bin assembly (5) further comprises a one-way pressed rock mounting seat (5-8) shown in fig. 11 and 12; the unidirectional pressed rock mounting seat (5-8) is formed by welding three side steel plates II (5-8-1) and a bottom steel plate II (5-8-2) and is of a semi-enclosed bin body structure, as shown in figure 12; the rock block (10) is arranged in the unidirectional compression type rock mounting seat (5-8), the lower surface (namely the surface opposite to the surface to be cut) of the rock block (10) is placed on the bottom steel plate II (5-8-2), and three side surfaces of the rock block (10) are sequentially contacted with the corresponding side steel plates II (5-8-1); the unidirectional compression type rock mounting seat (5-8) is placed in the bin body supporting the inner ring bin body (5-2), and a bottom steel plate II (5-8-2) of the unidirectional compression type rock mounting seat (5-8) is in contact with the rock supporting bottom plate (5-5); piston rods of the three rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinders (5-6) are respectively pressed on three side steel plates II (5-8-1) of the unidirectional pressed rock mounting seat (5-8); the piston rod of the other rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinder (5-6) is tightly pressed on the open side of the rock block (10) (i.e. the side surface of the rock block (10) which is not contacted with the side steel plate II (5-8-1)) through the movable loading steel plate (5-8-3);

preferably, in order to provide sufficient passive clamping force to the rock block (10) during the cutting test, in this example, as shown in fig. 12, fastening screw holes (5-8-4) are formed in the side steel plate ii (5-8-1) adjacent to the non-open side of the rock block (10); a fastening screw (not shown) penetrates through a fastening threaded hole (5-8-4) on the side steel plate II (5-8-1) to fasten the non-open side of the rock block (10) in the unidirectional pressure-bearing rock mounting seat (5-8); it is worth to be noted that the unidirectional pressed rock mounting seat (5-8) can also simulate clamping of rock blocks (10) under the non-confining pressure condition, namely piston rods of three rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinders (5-6) are respectively pressed on three side steel plates II (5-8-1) of the unidirectional pressed rock mounting seat (5-8); the piston rod of the other rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinder (5-6) is tightly pressed on the open side of the rock block (10) (namely the side of the rock block (10) which is not contacted with the side steel plate II (5-8-1)) through the movable loading steel plate (5-8-3), and no confining pressure is applied to the rock block (10);

preferably, in order to reliably contact the rock block (10) with the inner wall of the unidirectional compression type rock mounting seat (5-8) and simultaneously improve the passive clamping force, the gap formed between the rock block (10) and the contact area of the unidirectional compression type rock mounting seat (5-8) is reliably filled with cement (10-1), see fig. 11;

preferably, the movable loading steel plate (5-8-3) has a convex structure; the convex structure is movably embedded into the open side of the unidirectional pressure-bearing rock mounting seat (5-8), and the movable loading steel plate (5-8-3) is in contact with the open side of the rock by utilizing a convex surface; obviously, in order to reliably apply unilateral confining pressure, the lateral steel plate II (5-8-1) adjacent to the open side of the rock block (10) and the outer edge of the movable loading steel plate (5-8-3) have certain gaps;

preferably, in order to realize the rock breaking test of the hob under the condition of the pressure of the free face, the material bin assembly (5) further comprises a rock mounting seat (5-9) under the pressure of the free face as shown in fig. 13; the face-to-face pressed rock mounting seat (5-9) is formed by welding four rectangular side steel plates (5-9-1) and a bottom steel plate III (5-9-2) to form a bin seat structure; a fastening threaded hole I (5-9-3) is formed in the rectangular side steel plate (5-9-1); the rock block (10) is arranged in the face-to-face pressed rock mounting seat (5-9), the lower surface (namely the surface opposite to the surface to be cut) of the rock block (10) is placed on a bottom steel plate III (5-9-2) of the face-to-face pressed rock mounting seat (5-9), the lower surfaces of four side surfaces of the rock block (10) are in contact with corresponding rectangular side steel plates (5-9-1), and the rock block is fastened in the face-to-face pressed rock mounting seat (5-9) through fastening screws I (not shown) penetrating through the rectangular side steel plates (5-9-1); the face empty face pressed rock mounting seat (5-9) is placed in the bin body supporting the inner ring bin body (5-2), and a bottom steel plate III (5-9-2) of the face empty face pressed rock mounting seat (5-9) is in contact with and fixedly connected with the rock block supporting bottom plate (5-5); more specifically, in the embodiment, a rock mounting seat (5-9) pressed on the empty surface is fixedly connected in a bin body supporting an inner ring bin body (5-2) in a threaded connection mode; the piston rods of the rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinders (5-6) act on the upper surfaces of the rock side surfaces of the rock blocks (10) except the face surfaces (10-2) by means of the rock block lateral pressing plates I (5-9-4); the upper surface of the lateral surface of the rock block (10) as the face (10-2) is a free surface; thus, the face rock breaking test mode shown in fig. 14 is constructed, in which the upper surfaces of three sides of the rock block (10) are pressed to simulate the confining pressure effect, and the upper surface of the remaining side is a free surface (i.e., a face (10-2)), and in the cutting test, the cutting edge of the hob is close to the surface to construct a face cutting condition; similarly, the rock mounting seat (5-9) pressed on the face can clamp the rock without confining pressure;

preferably, the gap formed between the rock block (10) and the face-to-face compression type rock mount (5-9) can be filled with cement.

The second embodiment is described in detail.

Generally speaking, in the first embodiment, each cylinder body of each rock block lateral clamping loading cylinder (5-6) is provided with an oil inlet and an oil outlet; the oil inlet and outlet are provided with hydraulic pipe joints and are generally connected with a hydraulic pump station (14) through a hydraulic pipeline; however, in a rotary cutting mode, each rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinder (5-6) can rotate around the axis of the bearing seat hole (6-1-1) along with the material bin assembly (5) relative to the material bin supporting plate (6-1), and the hydraulic pump station (14) is fixed with the base (1), so that the hydraulic pipelines have the possibility of being wound and broken; preferably, the hydraulic pipe joint is a rotary sealing pipe joint capable of being quickly assembled; simultaneously, the length of the hydraulic pipeline is lengthened, and the number of cutting rotation cycles of the material bin assembly (5) is limited (for example, only a half-cycle rotary cutting test is carried out); however, since at least 8 long hydraulic pipes are connected to the hydraulic pump station (14) from the right side as shown in fig. 3, the installation and removal of the rock block (10) and the hob (2-1) and the observation of the test process are greatly inconvenient due to the large number of long hydraulic pipes.

In order to avoid the mutual winding and breakage of the hydraulic pipelines connected with the oil inlet and the oil outlet of the rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinder (5-6) in the first embodiment and to avoid the interference with the assembly, disassembly and observation of the test, as shown in fig. 17 to 21, the invention is a diagram of a second embodiment of the TBM hob rock breaking test bed.

The utility model provides a TBM hobbing cutter rock breaking test bench, includes rock material storehouse assembly, cutter unit (2), cutter loading device, hydraulic power unit (14), its characterized in that:

in order to facilitate hydraulic pipe passing and assembly debugging, as shown in fig. 17 and 18, oil inlets and oil outlets of the rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinders (5-6) are arranged on the cylinder body close to one side of the material bin supporting plate (6-1); a pipe channel (11) is radially arranged on the peripheral wall of the bin body supporting the inner ring bin body (5-2); a plurality of mutually independent axial pore channels are arranged on the material bin transmission main shaft (4-2); meanwhile, a radial pore passage corresponding to the axial pore passage is formed in the material bin transmission main shaft (4-2); the axial pore canal and the radial pore canal form mutually independent transmission main shaft liquid flow channels on the material bin transmission main shaft (4-2); the radial pore channel can lead oil liquid in the axial pore channel to the circumferential surface of a material bin transmission main shaft (4-2); on the basis of the first embodiment, the bearing end cover (4-4) also has the function similar to a rotary sealing joint, and is characterized in that: a liquid flow ring corresponding to a radial pore passage communicated with each transmission main shaft liquid flow passage is arranged on the bearing end cover (4-4); each liquid flow ring is communicated with an end cover hydraulic joint fixedly connected to the bearing end cover (4-4) through an end cover radial pore passage arranged on the bearing end cover (4-4) corresponding to the liquid flow ring; the axial pore canal of each transmission main shaft liquid flow channel is communicated with a shaft end hydraulic joint fastened on the end surface of the material bin transmission main shaft (4-2); therefore, the purpose of barrier-free transmission of a plurality of mutually independent high-pressure liquid flows between the rotating material bin transmission main shaft (4-2) and the relatively static bearing end cover (4-4) is achieved; by the known technology, the tightness between the hydraulic rings and between the bearing end cover (4-4) and the material bin transmission main shaft (4-2) can be reliably ensured, for example, three sets of sealing devices are arranged at the joint of the material bin transmission main shaft (4-2) and the bearing end cover (4-4), and other sealing measures are not repeated;

the hydraulic pump station (14) is fixedly connected to the base (1);

oil inlet and outlet ports of the rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinder (5-6) are connected with hydraulic pipelines (preferably hydraulic hoses) through cylinder body hydraulic connectors, each hydraulic pipeline penetrates through a gap area between the cylinder body and the material bin supporting plate (6-1), and is connected with a shaft end hydraulic connector on the material bin transmission main shaft (4-2) through a pipe passing channel (11), a gap area between the bottom of the supporting inner ring bin body (5-2) and the rock block supporting bottom plate (5-5) and an inner spline hole (5-2-1) formed in the center of the supporting inner ring bin body (5-2);

the end cover hydraulic joint is connected with a valve seat on a hydraulic pump station (14) through a hydraulic pipeline; considering that 4 rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinders (5-6) have 8 oil ways (4 oil supply and oil discharge oil ways), 8 transmission main shaft liquid flow channels are usually required to be arranged on a material bin transmission main shaft (4-2); the limitations of this solution are:

1. the number of the holes on the material bin transmission main shaft (4-2) is too large, so that the rigidity of the material bin transmission main shaft (4-2) is seriously influenced;

2. too many liquid flow rings are arranged on the bearing end cover (4-4), the requirement on the sealing performance of the bearing end cover (4-4) is extremely strict, and the manufacturing cost is high;

3. the 8 oil ways need to be independently controlled, the synchronism of the rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinders (5-6) is difficult to ensure, and the hydraulic control precision and the component selection cost of the hydraulic pump station (14) are increased;

in order to solve the limitation, preferably, 4 transmission main shaft liquid flow channels are arranged on the material bin transmission main shaft (4-2); accordingly, as shown in fig. 20, the rodless chambers of the pair of rock block lateral-clamping loadcylinders (5-6) located on opposite sides are connected to two hydraulic lines, respectively, via cylinder hydraulic connections on the respective cylinders; the two hydraulic pipelines are converged into a rodless cavity converging hydraulic pipeline I through a flow distributing and collecting valve I (9-1-1); rod cavities of the pair of rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinders (5-6) on the opposite sides are converged into a rod cavity converging hydraulic pipeline I through a flow distributing and collecting valve II (9-2-1); similarly, for the other pair of rock block lateral clamping loading cylinders (5-6) on the opposite sides, the rodless cavity and the rodless cavity are respectively converged into a rodless cavity converging hydraulic pipeline II and a rod cavity converging hydraulic pipeline II through a flow distributing and collecting valve III (9-1-2) and a flow distributing and collecting valve IV (9-2-2); the confluence hydraulic pipeline is respectively communicated with each transmission main shaft liquid flow channel through a shaft end hydraulic joint fastened on the end surface of the material bin transmission main shaft (4-2); by means of the rotary flow guiding effect of the bearing end cover (4-4), the rock blocks positioned on the opposite sides laterally clamp the rod cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline I and the rodless cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline I of the loading oil cylinder (5-6) and are connected with an A, B port of the branch reversing valve I (16-1); the rodless cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline II and the rod cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline II which are positioned at the other opposite side are connected with A, B openings of a branch reversing valve II (16-2); the P ports of the branch reversing valve I (16-1) and the branch reversing valve II (16-2) are respectively connected with the A, B port of the next stage reversing valve I (16); t ports of the branch reversing valve I (16-1) and the branch reversing valve II (16-2) are connected with an oil tank; a P port and a T port of the next-stage reversing valve I (16) are respectively connected with an outlet of the hydraulic pump station (14) and an oil tank; in this way, the lateral rock mass clamping loading cylinders (5-6) on opposite sides can be controlled independently of each other.

Preferably, the flow distributing and collecting valves (9-1) are all arranged in a gap area between the bottom of the supporting inner ring bin body (5-2) and the rock supporting bottom plate (5-5);

preferably, the branch reversing valve I (16-1), the branch reversing valve II (16-2) and the next stage reversing valve I (16) are three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valves, and the energy form of the machine can be M type;

preferably, a rodless cavity oil way and a rod cavity oil way of the rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinder (5-6) are respectively connected with an overflow valve (17) for loading in parallel;

more preferably, an electro-hydraulic proportional overflow valve is selected as the overflow valve (17) for loading;

preferably, in order to reliably lock the rock lateral clamping loading oil cylinder (5-6), a hydraulic control one-way valve (18) is respectively arranged on a rodless cavity oil way and a rod cavity oil way of the rock lateral clamping loading oil cylinder (5-6);

more preferably, a hydraulic control one-way valve (18) arranged on a rodless cavity oil way and a rod cavity oil way of the rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinder (5-6) are locked with each other;

more preferably, in order to further overcome the above limitation caused by the excessive number of openings on the material bin driving spindle (4-2), in this example, more specifically, two driving spindle flow channels are provided on the material bin driving spindle (4-2) as shown in fig. 18, wherein: the drive spindle flow channel I (4-2-1) communicates with the end cap radial port I (4-4-1) via the flow ring I (4-4-3) in FIG. 18, while the drive spindle flow channel II (4-2-2) communicates with the end cap radial port II (4-4-2) via the flow ring II (4-4-4) in FIG. 18; the end cover radial pore passage I (4-4-1) and the end cover radial pore passage II (4-4-2) are respectively connected with an external oil supply loop I (25) through an end cover hydraulic joint I (13-5) and an end cover hydraulic joint II (13-6); axial pore canals of the transmission main shaft fluid flow channel I (4-2-1) and the transmission main shaft fluid flow channel II (4-2-2) are respectively communicated with a shaft end hydraulic joint I (13-3) and a shaft end hydraulic joint II (13-4) which are fastened on the end surface of the material bin transmission main shaft (4-2), and the cross-sectional view of the external spline shaft section of the material bin transmission main shaft (4-2) is shown in figure 19; oil inlets and oil outlets of the rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinders (5-6) are respectively connected with a hydraulic pipeline through a rotary sealing joint I (13-1) and a rotary sealing joint II (13-2) as shown in figure 17; similar to fig. 20, as shown in fig. 21, the end cover radial duct i (4-4-1) and the end cover radial duct ii (4-4-2) are respectively connected with the external oil supply circuit ii (26) through the end cover hydraulic joint i (13-5) and the end cover hydraulic joint ii (13-6); between rodless cavities and between rod cavities of a pair of rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinders (5-6) positioned at opposite sides are respectively converged into a rodless cavity converging hydraulic pipeline and a rod cavity converging hydraulic pipeline through a flow dividing and collecting valve; more specifically, a rodless cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline I, a rod cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline I, a rodless cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline II and a rod cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline II are obtained by respectively utilizing a flow distribution and collection valve I (9-1-1), a flow distribution and collection valve II (9-2-1), a flow distribution and collection valve III (9-1-2) and a flow distribution and collection valve IV (9-2-2); the difference from fig. 20 is: the rodless cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline I and the rodless cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline II are further converged into a rodless cavity total confluence hydraulic pipeline (23) through a next-stage flow distributing and collecting valve I (9-1); the rod cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline I and the rod cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline II are further converged into a rod cavity total confluence hydraulic pipeline (24) through a next-stage flow distributing and collecting valve II (9-2); the rodless cavity total confluence hydraulic pipeline (23) and the rod cavity total confluence hydraulic pipeline (24) are respectively communicated with a shaft end hydraulic joint I (13-3) and a shaft end hydraulic joint II (13-4) which are fastened on the end face of the material bin transmission main shaft (4-2); by means of the rotary flow guiding effect of the bearing end cover (4-4), the hydraulic joint I (13-5) and the hydraulic joint II (13-6) of the end cover are respectively connected with A, B ports of the reversing valve I (15), and a port P and a port T of the reversing valve I (15) are respectively connected with an outlet of a hydraulic pump station (14) and an oil tank.

The comparative analysis shows that the hydraulic working principle shown in fig. 21 has the following advantages compared with fig. 20:

1. the action of the rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinders (5-6) is controlled only by the reversing valve I (16), so that synchronous control and programming are facilitated;

2. the number of the holes on the material bin transmission main shaft (4-2) is the least, and the rigidity and the strength are high;

it should be noted that other technical features of a TBM hob rock breaking test bed in this example are the same as those of the first embodiment.

In order to facilitate understanding of the TBM hob rock breaking test bed of the present invention, the TBM hob rock breaking test bed in the first embodiment (using the transmission loading mechanism (3-3) in the scheme 2) will be described.

The concrete functions of the device of the invention can be realized by the following steps:

1. switching of straight line and gyration roll extrusion broken rock test mode, wherein:

① straight rock breaking mode, firstly, adjusting the position of the material bin through a horizontal hydraulic cylinder (7-2) or a vertical hydraulic cylinder (7-3) to make the hob (2-1) in the best position relative to the surface to be cut of the rock block (10), under the drive of the rotary power source of a transmission loading mechanism (3-3), the worm (3-3-3) drives a screw rod (3-3-1) to horizontally feed leftwards, the screw rod (3-3-1) applies a quasi-static horizontal thrust to the hob (2-1) through a hob fixing tool holder (2-3) to make the hob (2-1) contact and penetrate into the rock block (10) to a given cutting depth, then the transmission loading mechanism (3-3) and the vertical hydraulic cylinder (7-3) are locked, the horizontal hydraulic cylinder (7-2) is driven to finish a straight rock breaking test, after finishing a slot breaking test, under the drive of the vertical hydraulic cylinder (7-3), the horizontal table top (7-6) can be used as a vertical guide rod (7-4) to drive a material bin to move vertically and simulate different cutting distances to move up and down and up and down in sequence;

② rock breaking mode by rotary rolling, firstly, adjusting the position of the material bin by a horizontal hydraulic cylinder (7-2) or a vertical hydraulic cylinder (7-3) to make the hob (2-1) in the best position relative to the surface to be cut of the rock block (10), at this time, the distance between the geometric center of the hob (2-1) and the rotary center of the material bin assembly (5) is the installation radius of the simulated hob (2-1) on the cutterhead, the hob (2-1) contacts and penetrates into the rock block (10) to the given cutting depth, then the transmission loading mechanism (3-3), the horizontal hydraulic cylinder (7-2) and the vertical hydraulic cylinder (7-3) are locked, as shown in figure 5, under the driving of the power source (not shown) of the material bin driving device, the gear I (4-3) is driven to rotate by the reduction transmission mechanism, thereby the hob (5) and the rock block (10) are driven to rotate by the material bin transmission main shaft (4-2), and the hob (2) and the hob (1) and the rock block (10) are driven to rotate by the rotational rolling and the rotary hydraulic cylinder (7-3) can realize the combined rotary rock breaking process of the rock block (2-1) after the self-rolling and the rotary rolling test;

2. switching of different hobbing cutter type broken rock test modes, wherein:

① rock breaking mode of the positive hob or the center hob, as shown in fig. 6, firstly, fixing the adjustable movable hob holder (2-2) on the fixed hob holder (2-3) through bolts, wherein the installation inclination angle is zero, then adjusting the position of the material bin through the horizontal hydraulic cylinder (7-2) or the vertical hydraulic cylinder (7-3), so that the hob (2-1) is in the best position relative to the surface to be cut of the rock block (10), at the moment, the distance between the geometric center of the hob (2-1) and the rotation center of the material bin assembly (5) is determined by the actual installation radius of the positive hob or the center hob on the hob, other test processes are the same as the rotation rock breaking mode, after completing the groove-drawing test, the relative position of the hob (2-1) on the rock block (10) is adjusted through driving the vertical hydraulic cylinder (7-3) to simulate the multi-cutter (positive hob-positive hob, positive hob-center hob, center hob-center) rotation rock breaking process at different cutter intervals on the hob;

② rock breaking mode of edge hob, namely, installing the adjustable movable hob holder (2-2) on the fixed hob holder (2-3) by adjusting the position of the adjustable hob holder (2-2), namely, rotating the adjustable hob holder (2-2) relative to the fixed hob holder (2-3) by a certain angle shown in figure 7 through the circle center of the distribution circle of the bolt hole II on the fixed hob holder (2-3), and then fixing the adjustable hob holder (2-2) and the fixed hob holder (2-3) by bolts, wherein the installation inclination angle is not zero at the moment;

3. the switching of broken rock test mode under having or not confined pressure condition, wherein:

① under the condition of no confining pressure, as shown in figure 10, firstly, a fixed rock mounting seat is clamped and fixed in a cabin body of a supporting inner-ring cabin body (5-2) through 4 rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinders (5-6), the clamping force is adjusted and set through an overflow valve (17) for loading, then oil inlet and outlet paths of four rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinders (5-6) are locked, the position of a material cabin is adjusted through a horizontal hydraulic cylinder (7-2) or a vertical hydraulic cylinder (7-3), so that the hob (2-1) is in the best position relative to the surface to be cut of the rock block (10), and the related test research of rock breaking of the hob under the condition of no confining pressure can be carried out because a piston rod of the rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinder (5-6) acts on a lateral steel plate I (5-7) of the fixed rock mounting seat instead of directly acting on the rock block (10);

② under confining pressure, the two types are as follows:

a. single-side confining pressure: a special tool clamp shown in figure 12 is adopted, namely, a rock block (10) is fixedly arranged in a bin body supporting an inner ring bin body (5-2) by means of a one-way pressed rock mounting seat (5-8) according to the assembling relation shown in figure 11; then, locking 2 rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinders (5-6) (only used for clamping the unidirectional pressed rock mounting seat) on the opposite side, and continuously increasing the loading pressure of 2 rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinders (5-6) (the piston rod of one rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinder (5-6) is in contact with a movable loading steel plate (5-8-3)) on the other opposite side, so that after the single-side confining pressure of a rock block (10) reaches a given value, all the rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinders (5-6) are locked; the position of the material bin is adjusted through a horizontal hydraulic cylinder (7-2) or a vertical hydraulic cylinder (7-3), so that the hob (2-1) is in the optimal position relative to the surface to be cut of the rock block (10); then the hob rock breaking related test research under the condition of single-side confining pressure can be carried out; it is worth noting that there is only an actively applied given confining pressure on the open side of the rock mass; the other side of the rock block is not subjected to confining pressure due to the isolation of the one-way pressed rock mounting seat (5-8) and is not subjected to the clamping force actively exerted by a piston rod of the rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinder (5-6), so that the aim of reliably clamping and mounting the rock block (10) in the bin body of the supporting inner ring bin body (5-2) without applying lateral confining pressure to the other side of the rock block (10) is fulfilled;

b. and (3) confining pressure at two sides: firstly, simultaneously driving 4 rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinders (5-6) to enable piston rods of the 4 rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinders (5-6) to contact and tightly press rock block lateral pressing plates (5-4) on four side faces of a rock block (10); then, adjusting the loading pressure of 2 rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinders (5-6) positioned on the same opposite side, so that after the two-side confining pressure of the rock block (10) respectively reaches a given value, all the rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinders (5-6) are locked; the position of the material bin is adjusted through a horizontal hydraulic cylinder (7-2) or a vertical hydraulic cylinder (7-3), so that the hob (2-1) is in the optimal position relative to the surface to be cut of the rock block (10); then the related test research of rock breaking by the hob under the bilateral confining pressure condition can be carried out;

4. switching of loading modes, wherein:

① static load cutting mode, wherein the position of the material bin is adjusted by a horizontal hydraulic cylinder (7-2) or a vertical hydraulic cylinder (7-3), so that the hob (2-1) is at the best position relative to the surface to be cut of the rock block (10), under the drive of a rotary power source of a transmission loading mechanism (3-3), the worm (3-3-3) drives a screw rod (3-3-1) to horizontally feed leftwards, the screw rod (3-3-1) applies quasi-static horizontal thrust to the hob (2-1) through a hob fixing tool holder (2-3), so that the hob (2-1) is contacted with and penetrates into the rock block (10) to a given cutting depth, and then the transmission loading mechanism (3-3) is locked, the vibration exciter (3-6) does not work all the time in the test process according to the rock breaking test mode, or the screw rod (3-3-1) is in unpowered connection with an impact rod (3-6-1) of the vibration exciter (3-6);

② dynamic load cutting mode, adjusting the position of the material bin through a horizontal hydraulic cylinder (7-2) or a vertical hydraulic cylinder (7-3) so that the hob (2-1) is at the optimal position relative to the surface to be cut of the rock block (10), under the drive of a rotary power source of a transmission loading mechanism (3-3), the worm (3-3-3) drives a screw rod (3-3-1) to horizontally feed leftwards, the screw rod (3-3-1) applies quasi-static horizontal thrust to the hob (2-1) through a hob fixing tool holder (2-3) so that the hob (2-1) contacts with but does not penetrate into the surface of the rock block (10), and then the rotary power source of the transmission loading mechanism (3-3) is locked, at the moment, a vibration exciter (3-6) starts to work, and an impact rod (3-6-1) is in power connection with the screw rod (3-3-1), and relevant tests are organized according to the rock breaking test mode under the dynamic load cutting mode;

③ dynamic and static coupling loading mode, adjusting the position of the material bin by a horizontal hydraulic cylinder (7-2) or a vertical hydraulic cylinder (7-3) so that the hob (2-1) is in an optimal position relative to the surface to be cut of the rock block (10), under the drive of a rotary power source of a transmission loading mechanism (3-3), the worm (3-3-3) drives a screw rod (3-3-1) to horizontally feed leftwards, the screw rod (3-3-1) applies quasi-static horizontal thrust to the hob (2-1) through a hob fixing tool holder (2-3) so that the hob (2-1) contacts and penetrates into the rock block (10) to a given cutting depth, then the transmission loading mechanism (3-3) is locked, an exciter (3-6) is started, the impact rod (3-6-1) is in dynamic connection with the screw rod (3-3-1), then the hob (2-1) is selected to enter a linear rock breaking mode or a rotary rock breaking mode as required, as the exciter has a certain axial fit clearance of a nut of the hob, the screw rod is applied to the left side of the hob (3-3-1) and a worm screw thread of the worm screw rod (3-3-3-1) is loaded to the left side of the hob (3-3-3), and a worm screw thread of the left-3-3-3 auxiliary worm screw thread, and a worm screw thread is loaded test can be performed by a worm screw thread pair under the dynamic impact force, as shown in the left-3-3 auxiliary rock breaking mode;

5. face switching of sky face and non-face sky face broken rock test mode, wherein:

① test mode of rock breaking on the face to face, which is to realize the test mode of rock breaking on the face to face, firstly, the rock mounting seat (5-9) is fixedly connected in the cabin body supporting the inner annular cabin body (5-2), the piston rods of two adjacent rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinders (5-6) respectively act on the upper surfaces of two adjacent sides of the rock block (10) (the upper surfaces of the other two adjacent sides of the rock block (10) are free surfaces) by means of a rock block lateral pressing plate I (5-9-4), when the pressure value reaches the set value, the two adjacent rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinders (5-6) are locked, the position of the material cabin is adjusted by a horizontal hydraulic cylinder (7-2) or a vertical hydraulic cylinder (7-3), so that the hob (2-1) is in the optimal position relative to the surface to be cut of the rock block (10);

② non-face rock breaking test mode, except the face rock breaking test mode, other traditional rock breaking modes, namely cutting edge far away from rock boundary, or rock block size large enough to ignore size boundary effect, or cutting edge near rock boundary, but the rock boundary has confining pressure effect, so size boundary effect is eliminated;

it should be noted that the different types of rock breaking test modes can be selected by superposition according to needs, for example, the rotary rolling rock breaking by a hob under a dynamic and static coupling loading mode under a single-side confining pressure condition can be performed, and the linear rolling rock breaking by a positive hob under a static loading mode under a non-confining pressure condition can also be performed; rock breaking test modes under the same large class can not be selected in a superposition mode, if the linear and rotary rolling rock breaking tests can not be carried out at the same time, a plurality of comparison tests under controllable factors can be carried out to research the influence rule of a certain factor on the cutting performance of the cutter and the rock breaking mechanism, for example, the positive hob linear rolling rock breaking test under a static loading mode under the condition of confining pressure or no confining pressure is carried out for a plurality of times;

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can substitute or change the technical solution of the present invention and its inventive concept within the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A TBM hob rock breaking test bed comprises: rock material storehouse assembly, cutter unit spare, cutter loading device, hydraulic power unit, its characterized in that:

the rock material bin assembly comprises a material bin driving device, a material bin assembly, a material bin supporting rack and a material bin supporting seat;

the material bin supporting seat comprises a working guide rail, a horizontal hydraulic cylinder, a vertical hydraulic cylinder, a guide rod, a supporting seat base and a supporting seat horizontal desktop; the working guide rail is fixedly arranged on the base, and the supporting seat base is movably nested and arranged on the working guide rail; the cylinder body and the piston rod of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder are fixedly connected with the base and the supporting seat base respectively; the horizontal hydraulic cylinder drives the supporting seat base to do reciprocating linear motion along the working guide rail; the vertical hydraulic cylinder is vertically arranged inside the supporting seat base, and a cylinder body and a piston rod of the vertical hydraulic cylinder are respectively and fixedly connected with a bottom plate of the supporting seat base and the lower surface of the horizontal table top of the supporting seat; the guide rod is vertically arranged inside the supporting seat base, the lower part of the guide rod is fixedly connected with the bottom plate of the supporting seat base, the upper part of the guide rod movably penetrates through the horizontal tabletop of the supporting seat, and the vertical hydraulic cylinder drives the horizontal tabletop of the supporting seat to vertically move up and down along the guide rod;

the material bin supporting rack comprises a material bin supporting plate, a connecting flange seat and a material bin limiting roller assembly; a bearing seat hole is formed in the material bin supporting plate and is vertically and fixedly connected to the supporting seat horizontal tabletop; the material bin limiting roller group comprises a limiting roller seat and a limiting roller which is arranged in the limiting roller seat and can rotate around the axis of the limiting roller seat; the material bin limiting roller set is connected with the outer supporting ring body and the material bin supporting plate, the outer supporting ring body moves in the radial direction relative to the material bin supporting plate, and the material bin limiting roller assembly comprises a limiting roller seat and 2 limiting rollers which are arranged in the limiting roller seat and can flexibly rotate around the axis of the limiting roller seat; the 4 groups of material bin limiting roller assemblies are circumferentially and equiangularly spaced and symmetrically fixedly connected to one side of the material bin supporting plate around the center of the material bin supporting plate; the connecting flange seat and the bearing seat hole are coaxially arranged and fixedly connected to the other side of the material bin supporting plate;

the material bin assembly comprises an outer supporting ring body, an inner supporting ring bin body supporting column, a rock block lateral pressing plate, a rock block supporting bottom plate and a rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinder; the rock supporting bottom plate is coaxially and fixedly connected in the supporting inner ring bin body; the supporting inner ring bin body and the supporting outer ring body are coaxially arranged from inside to outside in sequence; the inner ring bin body supporting columns are radially and axially symmetrically arranged between the supporting inner ring bin body and the supporting outer ring body, and two ends of each inner ring bin body supporting column are fixedly connected with the corresponding supporting inner ring bin body and the corresponding supporting outer ring body respectively; a rock block is placed in the bin body of the supporting inner-ring bin body, and the lower bottom surface of the rock block is in contact with the rock block supporting bottom plate; 4 lateral rock clamping loading oil cylinders are arranged in positions corresponding to the four side faces of the rock inside the outer support ring body, the cylinder bodies of the lateral rock clamping loading oil cylinders are fixedly connected with the inner support ring bin body, and the piston rods of the lateral rock clamping loading oil cylinders movably penetrate through the inner support ring bin body and tightly press the lateral rock pressing plates to the four side faces of the rock;

the material bin driving device comprises a bearing assembly, a material bin transmission main shaft, a bearing end cover, a speed reduction transmission mechanism and a power source; an external spline is arranged at one shaft end of the material bin transmission main shaft, and the shaft end is inserted into an internal spline hole arranged in the center of the inner supporting ring bin body; the material bin transmission main shaft is circumferentially and movably supported on the material bin supporting plate by virtue of the bearing assembly arranged in the bearing seat hole of the material bin supporting plate; the other shaft end of the material bin transmission main shaft extends out of the bearing end cover arranged on the back of the material bin supporting plate; and is connected with the speed reducing transmission mechanism and the power source in sequence; the power source and the speed reduction transmission mechanism are arranged on the connecting flange seat; the power source adopts a hydraulic motor, and the reduction transmission mechanism adopts a three-stage gear reduction box;

the cutter loading device comprises a cutter holder supporting seat and a transmission loading mechanism; the tool apron supporting seat is of a U-shaped supporting seat structure, the bottom of the tool apron supporting seat is fixedly connected with the base, and horizontal guide rails are symmetrically arranged in the U-shaped opening of the tool apron supporting seat relative to the middle symmetrical plane of the U-shaped opening;

the transmission loading mechanism comprises a hob dynamic and static loading hydraulic cylinder; the cylinder body of the hob dynamic and static loading hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the hob seat supporting seat, and the tail end of a piston rod of the hob dynamic and static loading hydraulic cylinder is movably embedded in the circumferential direction at one end, far away from the hob, of the hob fixed hob seat; the hob dynamic and static loading hydraulic cylinder applies horizontal static load or dynamic and static coupling load to the cutter assembly;

the hydraulic pump station is fixedly connected to the base;

oil inlet and outlet ports of the rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinder are arranged on the cylinder body close to one side of the material bin supporting plate; a pipe channel is radially arranged on the peripheral wall of the bin body supporting the inner-ring bin body; a plurality of mutually independent axial pore channels are formed in the material bin transmission main shaft; a radial pore passage corresponding to the axial pore passage is formed in the material bin transmission main shaft; the axial pore passage and the radial pore passage form mutually independent transmission main shaft liquid flow passages; the radial pore channel can lead oil and liquid in the axial pore channel to the circumferential surface of the material bin transmission main shaft;

the oil inlet and outlet ports of the rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinder are connected with hydraulic pipelines through cylinder body hydraulic connectors, each hydraulic pipeline penetrates through a gap area between the cylinder body and the material bin supporting plate, and is connected with a shaft end hydraulic connector on the material bin transmission main shaft through the pipe passing channel, the gap area between the bottom of the supporting inner ring bin body and the rock block supporting bottom plate and the inner spline hole formed in the center of the supporting inner ring bin body; the end cover hydraulic joint is connected with a valve seat on the hydraulic pump station through a hydraulic pipeline; the 4 lateral rock block clamping and loading oil cylinders have 8 oil paths, so that 8 transmission main shaft liquid flow channels are formed in the material bin transmission main shaft.

2. The TBM hob rock breaking test bed according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bearing end cover is provided with a liquid flow ring corresponding to a radial pore passage communicated with each transmission main shaft liquid flow passage; each liquid flow ring is communicated with an end cover hydraulic joint fixedly connected to the bearing end cover through an end cover radial pore passage arranged on the bearing end cover corresponding to the liquid flow ring; the axial pore canal of each transmission main shaft liquid flow channel is communicated with a shaft end hydraulic joint fastened on the end surface of the material bin transmission main shaft.

3. The TBM hob rock breaking test bed according to claim 2, characterized in that: a sealing device is arranged at the joint of the material bin transmission main shaft and the bearing end cover; the sealing device is a circular sealing ring.

4. The TBM hob rock breaking test bed according to claim 1, characterized in that: 4 transmission main shaft liquid flow channels are formed in the material bin transmission main shaft; the rodless cavities of the pair of rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinders positioned on the opposite sides are respectively connected with two hydraulic pipelines through cylinder body hydraulic joints on respective cylinder bodies; the two hydraulic pipelines are converged into a rodless cavity converging hydraulic pipeline I through a flow distributing and collecting valve I; rod cavities of the pair of rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinders on the opposite sides are converged into a rod cavity converging hydraulic pipeline I through a flow distributing and collecting valve II; a rodless cavity and a rodless cavity of the rock block lateral clamping loading cylinder on the other pair of opposite sides are respectively converged into a rodless cavity converging hydraulic pipeline II and a rod cavity converging hydraulic pipeline II through a flow distributing and collecting valve III and a flow distributing and collecting valve IV; the confluence hydraulic pipeline is respectively communicated with each transmission main shaft flow channel through a shaft end hydraulic joint fastened on the end surface of the transmission main shaft of the material bin; by means of the rotary flow guiding effect of the bearing end cover, the rod cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline I and the rodless cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline I of the rock block lateral clamping loading cylinder which are positioned at the opposite sides are connected with an A, B port of a branch reversing valve I; the rodless cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline II and the rod cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline II which are positioned on the other opposite side are connected with A, B ports of a branch reversing valve II; the P ports of the branch reversing valve I and the branch reversing valve II are respectively connected with the A, B port of the next stage reversing valve I; t ports of the branch reversing valve I and the branch reversing valve II are connected with an oil tank; and the P port and the T port of the next-stage reversing valve I are respectively connected with an outlet and an oil tank of the hydraulic pump station.

5. The TBM hob rock breaking test bed according to claim 4, characterized in that: and the flow distributing and collecting valves are arranged in a gap area between the bottom of the supporting inner ring bin body and the rock supporting bottom plate.

6. The TBM hob rock breaking test bed according to claim 4, characterized in that: the branch reversing valve I, the branch reversing valve II and the next-stage reversing valve I are all three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valves, and the energy form of the host computer is M-shaped.

7. The TBM hob rock breaking test bed according to claim 4, characterized in that: the shaft end hydraulic joint and the cylinder body hydraulic joint are both rotary sealing joints.

8. The TBM hob rock breaking test bed according to claim 4, characterized in that: the rodless cavity oil way and the rod cavity oil way of the rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinder are respectively connected with an overflow valve for loading in parallel; the overflow valve for loading is an electro-hydraulic proportional overflow valve; and a hydraulic control one-way valve arranged on a rodless cavity oil way and a rod cavity oil way of the rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinder are locked with each other.

9. The TBM hob rock breaking test bed according to claim 4, characterized in that: two transmission main shaft liquid flow channels are formed in the material bin transmission main shaft; the transmission main shaft liquid flow channel I is communicated with the end cover radial pore channel I through a liquid flow ring I of the material bin transmission main shaft, and the transmission main shaft liquid flow channel II is communicated with the end cover radial pore channel II through a liquid flow ring II of the material bin transmission main shaft; the end cover radial pore passage I and the end cover radial pore passage II are respectively connected with an external oil supply loop through an end cover hydraulic joint I and an end cover hydraulic joint II; axial pore channels of the transmission main shaft fluid channel I and the transmission main shaft fluid channel II are respectively communicated with a shaft end hydraulic connector I and a shaft end hydraulic connector II which are fastened on the end surface of the transmission main shaft of the material bin; the oil inlet and outlet of the rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinder are respectively connected with a hydraulic pipeline through a rotary sealing joint I and a rotary sealing joint II; the parts between rodless cavities and rod cavities of a pair of rock block lateral clamping loading oil cylinders positioned on the opposite sides are respectively converged into a rodless cavity converging hydraulic pipeline and a rod cavity converging hydraulic pipeline through a flow distribution and collection valve, and then the rodless cavity converging hydraulic pipeline I, the rod cavity converging hydraulic pipeline I, the rodless cavity converging hydraulic pipeline II and the rod cavity converging hydraulic pipeline II are obtained together by respectively utilizing the flow distribution and collection valve I, the flow distribution and collection valve II, the flow distribution and collection valve III and the flow distribution and collection valve IV; the rodless cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline I and the rodless cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline II are further converged into a rodless cavity total confluence hydraulic pipeline through a next-stage flow distributing and collecting valve I; the rod cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline I and the rod cavity confluence hydraulic pipeline II are further converged into a rod cavity total confluence hydraulic pipeline through a next-stage flow distributing and collecting valve II; the rodless cavity total confluence hydraulic pipeline and the rod cavity total confluence hydraulic pipeline are respectively communicated through a shaft end hydraulic joint fastened on the end face of the material bin transmission main shaft; by means of the rotating flow guide effect of the bearing end cover, the end cover hydraulic connectors are respectively connected with A, B openings of the reversing valve I; and a P port and a T port of the reversing valve I are respectively connected with an outlet of the hydraulic pump station and an oil tank.

10. The TBM hob rock breaking test bed according to claim 9, wherein: the hydraulic pipeline is a hydraulic hose.