CN109494339B - Battery for preventing thermal runaway caused by mechanical abuse - Google Patents
Battery for preventing thermal runaway caused by mechanical abuse Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109494339B CN109494339B CN201811336732.2A CN201811336732A CN109494339B CN 109494339 B CN109494339 B CN 109494339B CN 201811336732 A CN201811336732 A CN 201811336732A CN 109494339 B CN109494339 B CN 109494339B
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- Prior art keywords
- current collector
- battery
- negative electrode
- positive electrode
- positive
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- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
- H01M50/579—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to shock
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
The invention discloses a battery for preventing thermal runaway caused by mechanical abuse. The positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab are positioned on one side of the battery internal unit; the number of the internal units of the battery is N, each internal unit of the battery sequentially comprises a diaphragm, a positive electrode material, a positive electrode current collector, a positive electrode material, a diaphragm, a negative electrode material, a negative electrode current collector, a negative electrode material and a diaphragm from top to bottom, and the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material are respectively coated on two sides of the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector; the positive current collector and the negative current collector are respectively provided with a current collector reserved sheet, the current collector reserved sheets are used for respectively leading out current to the positive electrode lug and the negative electrode lug, the positive current collector and the negative electrode current collector adopt symmetrical fragile structures, and the connection parts of small current collector units are relatively fragile, so that the current collector is partially separated when the battery is mechanically damaged, the integral internal short circuit is limited in a damaged range, and the thermal runaway of the battery caused by mechanical damage can be effectively prevented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of battery research, in particular to a battery for preventing thermal runaway caused by mechanical abuse.
Background
The development of new energy automobiles using power batteries for automobiles as energy sources has become an important way for relieving the current environmental deterioration and energy shortage, and the lithium ion power batteries with high activity, high cycle life and high energy density bring remarkable and remarkable improvement to the driving mileage of the pure electric automobiles, but meanwhile, the ignition and even explosion caused by the thermal runaway of the power batteries frequently happen, thus threatening the life and property safety of passengers, and the industrial application of the electric automobiles is in urgent need of an effective thermal runaway protection method.
When the single battery, the battery module or the battery system is subjected to mechanical impact, serious deformation is generated, so that the puncture of the diaphragm is caused, and the short circuit in the battery is caused. When the internal short circuit occurs, the internal energy of the battery is released instantaneously, and then accidents such as ignition, combustion and even explosion of the battery are caused. Because the battery diaphragm is very fragile, the tolerance of the battery to mechanical damage is very low, when the battery is subjected to collision and needling, the thermal runaway of the battery is easily triggered, and no method for effectively preventing the thermal runaway accident of the battery caused by mechanical damage exists at present.
Although power cell systems have been subjected to rigorous testing prior to market, for example: overcharging, shorting, squeezing, etc., but thermal runaway accidents still exist. At the same time, battery needling and extrusion are also the most difficult of the test criteria to pass.
At present, the prevention and protection methods for thermal runaway accidents caused by mechanical damages are mainly developed from the following aspects. Firstly, the structure of the battery box is optimized, and the structural strength of the battery box is increased; secondly, strengthening the battery cell structure, such as increasing the thickness of the battery shell; thirdly, early warning strategies are utilized to early warn the occurrence of thermal runaway in advance, and the like.
The method for reinforcing the battery box structure and the single structure is capable of increasing the overall quality of the battery box, is unfavorable for the light weight of the whole vehicle, and can damage the battery box and the single battery when the impact force is enough, so that the thermal runaway accident can not be avoided. For the method of early warning, only more escape time can be provided for passengers, but the fact that the thermal runaway accident happens cannot be changed. Therefore, none of the above methods fundamentally solves the tolerance of the battery cell to mechanical damage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a battery capable of preventing thermal runaway caused by mechanical abuse and effectively preventing the thermal runaway caused by mechanical damage.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
a battery for preventing mechanical abuse induced thermal runaway, the battery comprising: the battery comprises a shell, a positive electrode tab, a negative electrode tab, a battery internal unit and electrolyte; the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab are positioned on one side of the battery internal unit; the number of the battery internal units is N, each battery internal unit sequentially comprises a diaphragm, a positive electrode material, a positive electrode current collector, a positive electrode material, a diaphragm, a negative electrode material, a negative electrode current collector, a negative electrode material and a diaphragm from top to bottom, and the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material are respectively coated on two sides of the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector; the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector are respectively provided with a current collector reserved sheet, the current collector reserved sheets are used for leading out current to the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab respectively, the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector are both in symmetrical fragile structures, and the connection parts of the current collector small units are relatively fragile; the shell is arranged on the outer sides of the battery internal units which are tightly attached, and the electrolyte is poured between the battery internal units in the shell before the battery is packaged.
Optionally, the surfaces of the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector adopt hollow structures, and the hollow structures are filled with the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material.
Optionally, the surfaces of the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector adopt indentation structures, and the indentation structures are filled with the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material.
Optionally, the shape of the hollowed-out structure or the indentation structure is arbitrarily changeable.
Optionally, the hollow structure or the indentation structure divides the positive current collector and the negative current collector into a plurality of positive current collector small units and negative current collector small units; the current collector reserving piece is connected with the positive current collector small unit and the negative current collector small unit.
Optionally, the internal units of the batteries are closely attached.
Optionally, the number of the internal cells of the battery is determined according to the capacity of the capacitor and the thickness of the battery.
Optionally, the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector are made of a metal material with good conductivity.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects: the invention provides a battery for preventing thermal runaway caused by mechanical abuse, wherein a positive current collector and a negative current collector adopt symmetrical fragile structures, and when the battery is mechanically damaged, the current collector structures near a damage point are separated from a positive current collector and a negative current collector main body, so that internal short-circuit current near the damage point is cut off, and the expansion of the thermal runaway of the damaged part of the battery is prevented. Therefore, when the battery is mechanically damaged, the integral internal short circuit can be limited in the damaged range, and the integral internal short circuit and thermal runaway of the battery cannot be caused.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a view showing an external structure of a battery according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a three-view illustrating the structure of an internal unit of a battery according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an isometric view of the internal cell structure of the battery of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 4 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a positive current collector of a battery according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a negative current collector of a battery according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a current collector with a square hollow structure according to the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a current collector with a square indentation structure according to the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a current collector with an arcuate indentation structure according to the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a current collector with staggered hollow structure according to the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a current collector with an alternating indentation structure according to the present invention;
fig. 14 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a current collector with a circular indentation structure according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention aims to provide a battery capable of preventing thermal runaway caused by mechanical abuse and effectively preventing the thermal runaway caused by mechanical damage.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Fig. 1 is a view showing an external structure of a battery according to the present invention; fig. 2 is a three-view illustrating the structure of an internal unit of a battery according to the present invention; FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2 in accordance with the present invention; FIG. 4 is an isometric view of the internal cell structure of the battery of the present invention; FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 4 in accordance with the present invention; FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a positive current collector of a battery according to the present invention; fig. 7 is a schematic view of a negative current collector of a battery according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 1-7, a battery for preventing mechanical abuse induced thermal runaway, the battery comprising: a case 101, a positive electrode tab 102, a negative electrode tab 103, a battery internal unit 200, and an electrolyte; the positive electrode tab 102 and the negative electrode tab 103 are positioned at one side of the battery internal unit; the number of the battery internal units is N, the battery internal units are regularly arranged in an alternating mode, each battery internal unit sequentially comprises a diaphragm 203, a positive electrode material 204, a positive electrode current collector 206, a positive electrode material 204, a diaphragm 203, a negative electrode material 205, a negative electrode current collector 207, a negative electrode material 205 and a diaphragm 203 from top to bottom, and the positive electrode material 204 and the negative electrode material 205 are respectively coated on two sides of the positive electrode current collector 206 and the negative electrode current collector 207; the positive electrode current collector 206 and the negative electrode current collector 207 are respectively provided with a positive electrode current collector reserving sheet 201 and a negative electrode current collector reserving sheet 202, the current collector reserving sheets are used for respectively leading out current to the positive electrode tab 102 and the negative electrode tab 103, and the positive electrode current collector 206 and the negative electrode current collector 207 both adopt symmetrical fragile structures; when mechanically damaged, the current collector structure near the damage point, together with the positive electrode material 204 and the negative electrode material 205, will be separated from the battery body, thereby cutting off the internal short-circuit current near the damage point and preventing the thermal runaway of the damaged portion of the battery from expanding. The battery current collector with the structure can limit the integral internal short circuit to the damaged range when being mechanically damaged, and cannot cause the integral internal short circuit and thermal runaway of the battery.
The casing 101 is disposed outside the plurality of closely attached battery internal units, and the electrolyte is poured between the battery internal units inside the casing before the battery is packaged.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the present invention. In the figure 206-1 denotes a current collector cell 1, and 206-2 denotes a current collector cell 2.
The surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 206 and the negative electrode current collector 207 are respectively in a hollowed-out structure or an indentation structure, and the hollowed-out structures are filled with the positive electrode material 204 and the negative electrode material 205. The shape of the hollowed-out structure or the indentation structure is arbitrarily changeable, but the integral structure and the current passing capability of the battery are ensured. On the basis of not increasing the thickness and the weight of the battery, the capacity of the positive and negative active materials in the single battery can be increased, so that the overall capacity of the battery is increased, and the energy density of the battery is improved.
The hollow structure or the indentation structure divides the positive current collector 206 and the negative current collector 207 into a plurality of positive current collector small units and negative current collector small units; the current collector reserving piece is connected with the positive current collector small unit and the negative current collector small unit. The current can freely pass through each positive electrode current collector small unit and each negative electrode current collector small unit. Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a current collector with a square hollow structure according to the present invention; fig. 10 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a current collector with a square indentation structure according to the present invention; fig. 11 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a current collector with an arcuate indentation structure according to the present invention; fig. 12 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a current collector with staggered hollow structure according to the present invention; fig. 13 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a current collector with an alternating indentation structure according to the present invention; fig. 14 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a current collector with a circular indentation structure according to the present invention.
And the internal units of the batteries are closely attached.
The number of the internal cells of the battery is determined according to the capacity of the capacitor and the thickness of the battery.
The positive electrode current collector 206 and the negative electrode current collector 207 are made of a metal material having good conductivity.
The battery for preventing thermal runaway caused by mechanical abuse provided by the invention has the advantages that the positive current collector and the negative current collector adopt symmetrical fragile structures, the connection part of the current collector small units is relatively fragile, and when the battery is mechanically damaged, the current collector structures near the damage points are separated from the positive current collector and the negative current collector main body, so that internal short-circuit current near the damage points is cut off, and the thermal runaway expansion of damaged parts of the battery is prevented. Therefore, when the battery is mechanically damaged, the integral internal short circuit can be limited in the damaged range, and the integral internal short circuit and thermal runaway of the battery cannot be caused. Meanwhile, the positive and negative electrode current collector adopts a hollowed-out or indentation structure, so that the capacity of positive and negative electrode active materials in the single battery can be increased on the basis of not increasing the thickness and weight of the battery, the whole capacity of the battery is increased, and the energy density of the battery is improved.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to facilitate an understanding of the system of the present invention and its core ideas; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A battery for preventing mechanical abuse-induced thermal runaway, the battery comprising: the battery comprises a shell, a positive electrode tab, a negative electrode tab, a battery internal unit and electrolyte; the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab are positioned on one side of the battery internal unit; the number of the battery internal units is N, each battery internal unit sequentially comprises a diaphragm, a positive electrode material, a positive electrode current collector, a positive electrode material, a diaphragm, a negative electrode material, a negative electrode current collector, a negative electrode material and a diaphragm from top to bottom, and the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material are respectively coated on two sides of the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector; the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector are respectively provided with a current collector reserved sheet, the current collector reserved sheets are used for leading out current to the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab respectively, the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector both adopt symmetrical fragile structures, the connection parts of the current collector small units are relatively fragile, and when the current collector small units are mechanically damaged, the current collector structures, positive electrode materials and negative electrode materials near the damage points are separated from the battery main body; the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector are made of metal materials with good conductivity; the surfaces of the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector are of hollow structures or indentation structures, and the hollow structures are filled with the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material; the hollow structure or the indentation structure divides the positive current collector and the negative current collector into a plurality of positive current collector small units and negative current collector small units; the current collector reserving piece is connected with the positive current collector small unit and the negative current collector small unit; the shell is arranged on the outer sides of the battery internal units which are tightly attached, and the electrolyte is poured between the battery internal units in the shell before the battery is packaged.
2. The battery of claim 1, wherein each of said battery internal cells is in close proximity to each other.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811336732.2A CN109494339B (en) | 2018-11-12 | 2018-11-12 | Battery for preventing thermal runaway caused by mechanical abuse |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811336732.2A CN109494339B (en) | 2018-11-12 | 2018-11-12 | Battery for preventing thermal runaway caused by mechanical abuse |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109494339A CN109494339A (en) | 2019-03-19 |
| CN109494339B true CN109494339B (en) | 2024-04-16 |
Family
ID=65694150
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811336732.2A Active CN109494339B (en) | 2018-11-12 | 2018-11-12 | Battery for preventing thermal runaway caused by mechanical abuse |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN109494339B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPWO2022224872A1 (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2022-10-27 |
Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104332658A (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-02-04 | 东莞锂威能源科技有限公司 | Lithium ion battery with high safety performance |
| CN204651389U (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2015-09-16 | 深圳市寒暑科技新能源有限公司 | A kind of Zinc ion battery electrode and based on its zinc ion rechargeable battery |
| CN108123179A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2018-06-05 | 德阳九鼎智远知识产权运营有限公司 | Electric automobile power battery |
| CN209526155U (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-10-22 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of battery for preventing mechanical abuse from causing thermal runaway |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2330662A4 (en) * | 2008-09-09 | 2011-09-07 | Panasonic Corp | Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery and method for manufacturing the same |
| US9484160B2 (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2016-11-01 | Nanotek Instruments, Inc. | Large-grain graphene thin film current collector and secondary batteries containing same |
-
2018
- 2018-11-12 CN CN201811336732.2A patent/CN109494339B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104332658A (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-02-04 | 东莞锂威能源科技有限公司 | Lithium ion battery with high safety performance |
| CN204651389U (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2015-09-16 | 深圳市寒暑科技新能源有限公司 | A kind of Zinc ion battery electrode and based on its zinc ion rechargeable battery |
| CN108123179A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2018-06-05 | 德阳九鼎智远知识产权运营有限公司 | Electric automobile power battery |
| CN209526155U (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-10-22 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of battery for preventing mechanical abuse from causing thermal runaway |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 《Limiting Internal Short-Circuit Damage by Electrode Partition for Impact-Tolerant Li-Ion Batteries》;Michael Naguib;《Joule》;155–167 * |
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| CN109494339A (en) | 2019-03-19 |
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