CN109492791A - Intercity highway network light based on charging guidance stores up charging station constant volume planing method - Google Patents
Intercity highway network light based on charging guidance stores up charging station constant volume planing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of intercity highway network light storage charging station constant volume planing method based on charging guidance, steps are as follows: constructing intercity highway network charge guide system framework, statistical distribution data based on intercity highway network vehicle flowrate, the charging decision after charge guide system is utilized in conjunction with electric car, take into account the utilization rate of equipment and installations common interest of user's queue waiting time and light storage charging station, optimize the quantity of charger in light storage charging station, according to each station illumination condition, load level, by combining tou power price, energy storage device is contributed the time in control station, distribute light storage place capacity rationally, photovoltaic is promoted efficiently to dissolve, and further save the equipment investment cost of light storage charging station.Present approach reduces light to store up the average daily service life overall cost of charging station, and effectively takes into account the trip experience of user.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric automobile charging station planing method, electric car light storage charging on especially intercity highway network
The constant volume planing method stood.
Background technique
Electric car light storage charging station is that electric car (Electric Vehicle, EV) is gone on a journey at intercity, inter-provincial
Basic guarantee, and local photovoltaic resources are dissolved, solve the important measure of traffic, environment and energy problem[1-2].Intercity goes out
Capable EV has the characteristics that single operating range is long, course continuation mileage is limited, user's " mileage anxiety " psychology is obvious[3].In addition, by
Fail to comprehensively consider in the light storage charging station on intercity highway network and distribute charging infrastructure in station rationally, influences user's trip
Additionally increase cost while experiencing, result in waste of resources, jeopardizes reliable, the economical operation of light storage charging station.Therefore, EV is in city
After going on a journey on a large scale between border, the anxious psychology of EV user's trip how is effectively relieved, collaborative planning light stores up the charging in charging station
Facility takes into account user and light storage charging station common interest, has important theory significance and application value.
Currently, there is more scholar to study the constant volume planning of EV charging station[4-11], domestic and foreign literature is integrated, EV fills
The planning problem in power station is broadly divided into two classes:
The planning construction of EV charging station under unordered charging: document [4] is to realize concentrated charging station independent developer and match
The balance of interest of electric company, it is right by establishing the concentrated charging station multiobjective bilevel programming model of reaction different interests main body
Position, capacity and the scheduling of charging station optimize.Document [5] is unified to consider that energy-storage system, EV charging station and power distribution network extend
Joint planning, building using cost of investment, operating cost and lose load cost minimization as target multistage combine plan model.
Since EV charging station is both the component part of power distribution network, and a kind of important means of transportation[6], therefore, in planning construction,
Electric system and the influence of traffic system need to be comprehensively considered, selected based on this document [7] by path of Research and evaluation model mentions
The traffic satisfaction model of transportation network out, building is minimum with total cost, via net loss is minimum and traffic satisfaction is highest more
The EV charging station and distributed generation resource constant volume site selection model of target, however when constructing traffic satisfaction model, only consider EV
User's running time and ignore stand in queue waiting time to planning constant volume influence.Document [8] though meter and EV user queuing
Waiting time, and the constraint such as take into account road network structure, car flow information and distribution network structure, propose EV charging station in urban area
Plan model, but it does not analyze the time variation that user reaches the Parameter for Poisson Distribution of charging station, can not accurately know in station and be lined up
Situation, and then influence the constant volume program results of charging station.
Therefore in order to construct more reasonable charging station capacity configuration Optimized model, also need accurately to know EV trip data and
Information in charging station station[9], it is guiding with real time data interaction, by establishing charge guide system, guidance is filled in this context
Constant volume planing method under electric mode is come into being:
Document [10] realizes the interaction of EV and charge station information, utilizes layering game plan by building charging navigation frame
Slightly planning construction charging station, to improve the reliability of power distribution network and the economic benefit of charging station.Document [11] is proposed based on adaptive
The charging pilot model and derivation algorithm of Mutation Particle Swarm Optimizer are answered, the electric taxi after overcharge guides is according to charging station
The scale of interior charger is evenly distributed to corresponding charging station, effectively realizes the equiblibrium mass distribution of electrically-charging equipment utilization rate.
However existing literature is only using EV a small amount of in urban area as research object, there has been no about EV in intercity highway network
The research of charge guide system framework after upper extensive trip；In addition, storing up charging station for light, existing literature is mainly to fix light
Volt capacity, energy storage device capacity are carried out the work, and there has been no contributing the time by regulation energy storage device, distribute light in respective stations rationally
Store up the research of place capacity.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of intercity highway network light based on charging guidance to store up charging station constant volume planning side
Method, it is intended to by establishing effective intercity highway network charge guide system, the comprehensive of charging station be stored up according to the charging decision of EV, light
Information is closed, in conjunction with tou power price, distributes the capacity of charging infrastructure in standing rationally, charging station is taken into account with light and stores up cooperateing with for equipment
The interests of planning and user and charging station both sides.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: the light storage charging station modeling based on charging guidance.Since EV is at intercity
Charging times are frequent when trip, and user wishes that it is outer to store up the distribution of charging station site for light in apparent stroke, and can be reduced queuing etc. in station
To the time, charging is completed as early as possible.The interests of charging station are stored up to take into account user's trip convenience and light, will be lined up herein from EV user
Waiting time, the power-balance relationship in light storage charging station and utilization rate of equipment and installations etc. are based on charging guidance mode trip to EV
The modeling of light storage charging station is studied afterwards.
The description of 2.1 models and hypothesis
Since the influence factor being subject to when charging infrastructure in planning and configuration light storage charging station is more, in order to more comprehensively
Ground describes corresponding constraint, under the premise of not influencing objective function calculating, makes following hypothesis:
1) due to being equipped with service area at interval of 50~60km on intercity highway network, food and drink is provided for user, parking is stopped
The service such as breath, in order to reduce the land occupation construction cost of light storage charging station, it is assumed that light storage charging station is built in service area；
2) based on the vehicle one-way traffic on expressway the characteristics of, the wagon flow in 2 directions is independent of each other, therefore studies pair
As being only that unilateral vehicle, unilateral light of the traveling on expressway store up charging station；
3) due to the versatility of charge guide system and convenience, EV user generally receives the charging guidance that it is made and determines
Plan；
4) it puts aside electric quantity loss when EV start and stop, according to the data information that sensor uploads, takes in nearest 2 periods
Average speed as corresponding EV travel to light storage charging station speed；
5) after EV reservation charging, it is the reserved charging seat in the plane EV that corresponding light, which stores up charging station, and is charged with invariable power to EV.
2.2 light store up electric car queue waiting time in charging station
Based on intercity highway network charge guide system, EV uploads the trips such as state-of-charge, accumulative stroke, destination in real time
Information, when the state-of-charge of T moment EV reaches threshold value, guidance system is to evade EV deep battery discharge, extends it and uses the longevity
Life makes charging decision for EV is divided into according to the charger number of light storage charging station and chargometer in stroke, when selection is waited in line
Between less light store up charging station reservation charging seat in the plane, corresponding light storage charging station waits its charging of entering the station.
I-th EV is in initial time Ti 0When trip, maximum range can be by best mileage travelled and course continuation mileage table
Show, calculation formula is respectively as shown in formula (1), formula (2) and formula (3).
Si=BE_Si+MA_Si (1)
Wherein: SiMaximum range when initially going on a journey for i-th vehicle；BE_Si、Respectively i-th vehicle is initial
Best mileage travelled when trip, state-of-charge；α is the threshold value (0 < α < 1) of i-th vehicle state-of-charge；PiIt is the hundred of i-th vehicle
Kilometer power consumption；BiFor the battery capacity of i-th vehicle；MA_SiCourse continuation mileage when initially going on a journey for i-th vehicle.
Accumulative residence time in i-th Che Guang storage charging station j' of T momentAccumulative stroke SiRespectively such as formula (4) and
Shown in formula (5).
Wherein: J is the serial number that light stores up charging station in intercity highway network；K is the charging that guidance system adds up service vehicle i
Number；xij'For charge flag variable, when i-th Chinese herbaceous peony is toward when jth ' a light storage charging station charging, xij'It is 1, is otherwise 0.
For leaving from station time of the vehicle i after kth time completes charging behavior,For entering the station the time for corresponding EV；ViFor the row of i-th vehicle
Sail speed.
Charge guide system is calculated available under i-th Che Qi course continuation mileage via analysis processing platform stratus
Light store up charging station j, running time Δ ti,jRespectively as shown in formula (6) and formula (7).
Si≤Lj≤Si+MA_Si (6)
Wherein: LjGo out the distance of beginning-of-line away from vehicle i for light storage charging station.
Δti,jIn time, light storage charging station j in charging plan consist of two parts: before the T moment issue charge requirement and
Reach EV the and T+ Δ t that light storage charging station j not yet completes charging behaviori,jCharge requirement was issued before moment and reaches light storage fills
The EV of power station j is based on queuing theory[14], the waiting time WA_T of i-th vehicle can be obtainedi,jAs shown in formula (8).
Wherein: MjThe vehicle number to charge in charging station j is stored up in light to reserve；mjCharger number of units in charging station j is stored up for light；
ti'j,FirLeaWhen reaching light storage charging station j for i-th vehicle, the time leaving from station for the interior vehicle i ' to leave away at first that stands；ti'j,CalLeaIt is
When i vehicle reaches light storage charging station j, stand interior Mj-mjThe time leaving from station of+1 vehicle i ' leaving from station.
2.3 light store up power equilibrium relation in charging station
The energy source that light stores up charging station is powered in photovoltaic power generation and power grid, and electric energy caused by photovoltaic is mainly used for assisting
Power generation.Since photovoltaic power output has certain regularity and uncertainty[15], light store up charging station in power-balance relationship it is as follows
It is shown:
When photovoltaic power output is not able to satisfy EV power demand in station in light storage charging station, electricity is supplemented by power grid and energy storage device
Can, at this time:
Wherein: M is the run the period number of charging station whole day, Δ tmFor the duration of m period, PPV,mGo out for m period photovoltaic
The mean power of power, PBI,mFor the mean power of m period energy storage device electric discharge, PG,mFor the average function of m period power grid power supply
Rate, PEV,mFor the m period stand in EV load mean power.
When photovoltaic power output is greater than power demand in station in light storage charging station, remaining electricity online, at this time:
Wherein: P 'BI,mFor the mean power of m period energy storage device charging, P 'G,mFor being averaged for m period photovoltaic online
Power.
2.3 light store up utilization rate of equipment and installations in charging station
Using charge guide system, i-th vehicle selection light storage charging station j charging, arrive at a station j when state-of-chargeSuch as
Shown in formula (11).
Wherein: t=T+ Δ ti,j, at the time of reaching light storage charging station j for vehicle i,For the charged of T moment vehicle i
State.
Since EV is in the light storage charging station charging on intercity highway network, car owner considers for the travel time is saved,
Several charging stations under charge capacity can complete remainder stroke or go in stroke, as a result, vehicle i charge capacity Δ
Bi,jAs shown in formula (12).
Wherein: β is the state-of-charge after EV charging,
For electrically-charging equipment service condition in unified more intercity highway network glazing storage charging station, electrically-charging equipment is measured
Service intensity, as shown in document [11], the utilization rate of equipment and installations for defining electrically-charging equipment in light storage charging station is the service of relevant device
The ratio of time and whole day time, as shown in formula (13).
Wherein: N is the EV number of charging station j whole day service, PEVFor the charge power of charger.
The 3 light storage charging station modelings based on charging guidance
3.1 light store up the objective function of charging station constant volume planning
It stores up and charges compared to traditional light to ensure that light stores up charging station economical operation meeting user's trip convenience demand
The method of operation stood[16], in line with preferential consumption photovoltaic, principle of the peak period to power grid power purchase expense is reduced, proposes following fortune
Row strategy:
Rate period (typically no photovoltaic power output) when paddy, power grid provides electric energy for EV and energy storage device；Usually when electricity price
Section, when photovoltaic power output is greater than EV workload demand, dump energy is used for energy storage, otherwise, the electric energy needed for power grid supplement；When peak
Rate period, when photovoltaic power output is greater than EV workload demand, dump energy is used for energy storage, otherwise, needed for being supplemented as energy storage device
Electric energy, if energy storage device off-capacity, then by distribution supply of electrical energy.
Based on above-mentioned optimization aim and operation reserve, with the average daily life cycle of charging infrastructure in each light storage charging station
The objective function of cost minimization formulation constant volume scheme are as follows:
Wherein: Cj、NjThe acquisition cost of charger, service life in respectively light storage charging station j；CPV,j、CBI,j、CG,j、
CRES,jPhotovoltaic apparatus, energy storage device acquisition expenses, power purchase expense and are set in its life cycle in respectively light storage charging station j
Average daily cost after standby operation and maintenance cost conversion, CPV’,jFor the average daily reimbursement for expenses of photovoltaic online electricity.
3.2 light store up the constraint of charging station constant volume planning
3.2.1 the number constraint of charger
On the one hand since light storage charging station occupied area, cost of investment are limited, thus in the j that stands, there are upper for the quantity of charger
Lower limit:
Simultaneously in order to avoid charging resources idle or electrically-charging equipment caused by charger configuration excessively in light storage charging station
Deficiency causes interior congestion phenomenon of standing, and there are lower limits for the utilization rate of equipment and installations of charger in light storage charging station:
On the other hand, by formula (8) it is found that waiting in line in the station of the quantity influence EV user of charger in light storage charging station
Time facilitates user to go on a journey to alleviate user's anxious psychology, and there are the upper limits for user's queue waiting time:
3.2.2 light storage plant capacity constraint
Since photovoltaic power output is influenced by typical daylight in light storage charging station according to factors such as intensity, photovoltaic capacities,
There are the upper limits for photovoltaic power output:
In addition, energy storage device charge-discharge electric power is influenced that there are bounds by energy storage device capacity in light storage charging station:
λBI,m·λ′BI,m=0 (21)
λBI,m,λ′BI,m∈{0,1} (22)
Wherein: λBI,m、λ′BI,mFor 0,1 variable, indicating energy storage device, charging, discharge condition be only within the arbitrarily optimization period
One.
3.3 constant volume planning strategies solve
It is excellent due to combining the queue waiting time of user with the light storage minimum target of charging station life cycle cost
The capacity for changing charger quantity, photovoltaic and energy storage device in configuration station has the characteristics that multivariable, multiple constraint, nonlinear, tradition
Optimization method is difficult to solve this complicated optimum problem[17], since TSP question particle swarm algorithm fast convergence rate, the overall situation are searched
Suo Nengli is strong and is not easy to fall into local optimum, is solved herein using TSP question particle swarm optimization algorithm to the problem.
The algorithm determined according to evolution degree and individual evolution degree whole during particle evolution the variation of current best particle because
Son, adjusts the Inertia Weight of each particle, to realize the automatic adjusument of each particle evolution speed and position, particle enters
It is continued searching after adjacent domain, to determine new individual extreme value and global extremum.
When based on TSP question particle swarm optimization algorithm configuration light storage charging station, with formula (14) for objective function, solve
Meet the charger quantity particle, photovoltaic capacity particle and energy storage device capacity particle of constraint condition, specific steps, process are such as
Shown in lower.
1) intercity highway network information is inputted, light stores up charging station serial number, the quantity of geographical location information and EV.
2) population is initialized, simulation generates the trip parameter of EV, using guidance charging modes, when EV state-of-charge reaches
When threshold value, intercity highway network charge guide system makes charging decision, and corresponding EV is guided to enter the station charging.
3) enabling maximum number of iterations is S, current iteration number s=0.Calculate the individual optimal solution of initialization population and complete
Office's optimal solution.
4) enabling maximum population is Z, current particle number z=0, the speed of more new particle and position.
5) examine whether particle meets constraint condition, if satisfied, then calculating the fitness function value of current particle；If discontented
Foot then enables the fitness value of the particle for infinity.
6) examine whether current fitness function value is better than current individual extreme value and group's extreme value, if satisfied, then updating a
Body optimal solution and globally optimal solution.Otherwise step (7) are gone to.
7) z=z+1 is enabled, examines whether population z is equal to maximum population Z, if satisfied, then continuing to (8)；It is no
Then, step (5) are back to.
8) s=s+1 is enabled, examines whether current iteration number s is equal to maximum number of iterations S, if satisfied, then globally optimal solution
As light stores up the optimal constant volume scheme of charging station, and solution terminates；Otherwise step (9) are gone to.
9) Colony fitness variance of current particle group and the mutation probability of globally optimal solution are calculated, is determined according to random number
Whether make a variation, using the method for increasing random perturbation, mutation operation is carried out to globally optimal solution, then goes to step (4).
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
For the optimization constant volume for solving the problems, such as EV charging infrastructure after intercity extensive trip, user is taken into account herein and is gone out
Utilization rate of equipment and installations and its average daily service life overall cost in capable convenience and light storage charging station, construct intercity highway network charging
Guidance system proposes the intercity highway network light based on charging guidance and stores up charging station constant volume planing method, is based on simulation result,
We are available such as to draw a conclusion:
1) by the intercity highway network charge guide system of framework, the intercity highway network level of IT application is improved, effectively
Integration EV resource and light storage charging station in electrically-charging equipment resource, make the charging behavior of EV serve light storage charging station in charging set
The constant volume planning applied.Maximum queue waiting time is no more than 45min in subscriber station, improves user's trip experience, and effectively change
It has been apt to the utilization rate of charging infrastructure in light storage charging station.
2) internal loading situation of contributing and stand by tou power price, photovoltaic provides important for the regulation energy storage device power output time
Support, distribute rationally station in light storage place capacity after, compared to it is unglazed storage equipment, without optimization energy storage device the power output time,
Average daily service life overall cost saves 2614,2005 yuan respectively, promotes the efficient utilization of photovoltaic energy, and reduces light storage charging
The average daily service life overall cost stood.
3) as the following EV goes on a journey on a large scale and the promotion of light storage place capacity, efficiency, the reduction of corresponding cost, this
The light storage charging station constant volume planing method that text proposes effectively takes into account the interests of user and light storage charging station, stores up determining for charging station for light
Hold planning problem and provides a kind of feasible solution.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is intercity highway network EV charge guide system.
Fig. 2 is that optimization constant volume solves flow chart.
Fig. 3 is intercity highway network.
Fig. 4 is light storage charging station area distribution schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the typical day traffic stream characteristics of highway.
Fig. 6 is the maximum queue waiting time of EV before and after optimizing constant volume.
Fig. 7 is utilization rate of equipment and installations in the light storage charging station of optimization constant volume front and back.
Fig. 8 is utilization rate of equipment and installations under different trip permeabilities.
Fig. 9 is maximum queue waiting time under different trip permeabilities.
Figure 10 is typical day EV power demand.
Figure 11 is power equilibrium relation in light storage charging station.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1 shows intercity highway network charge guide system framework
Existing navigation system effectively evades extensive vehicle driving because of functions such as its positioning, path guidance, destination selections
The negative effect such as caused congestion, therefore be widely used in the trip scene of car owner[12], especially separated out in intercity long distance
Using more universal when row.Since 5G network has the characteristics that real-time, communication are at a high speed and stable[13], it is based on existing research,
It is proposed that intercity highway network EV charge guide system framework is as shown in Figure 1.As seen from the figure, which is in existing navigation skill
Using technologies such as cloud platform and big datas on the basis of art, based on EV, using intercity highway network as carrier, and and communication network
The information sharing system with the characteristic that interconnects of network close-coupled.The guidance system is broadly divided into terminating layer, network layer, puts down
Four levels of platform layer and application layer: the application of 5G network, so that the EV and charging station that go on a journey at intercity become data terminal, EV
The corresponding data of trip moment, destination and sensor is uploaded, it is quiet that charging station uploads stand interior charger number, charging plan etc.
State, multidate information.Network layer solves the communication issue between EV and charging station, podium level by cloud server, using cloud computing,
The technologies such as Data Analysis Services realize the data interaction in guidance system.Application layer be summarize data platform, support platform and
The integrated information platform of operation platform is mainly used in EV and issues the charging decision after charge requirement.
Compared to conventional navigation techniques, which collects and handles the sea of the EV to go on a journey on a large scale at intercity
While amount, real time information, data interaction can be carried out with charging station immediately, information exchange braking problems is effectively solved, improves
Navigation accuracy efficiently makes charging decision for EV user.
Simulation analysis is as follows:
This example shares 5 cities using intercity highway network as shown in Figure 3 in the road network, 10 fastlinks, and 30
A light stores up charging station, in intercity highway network each section parameter and light storage charging station site distribution as shown in table 1, A, B in figure, C,
D, E is 5 cities of road-net node, and road-net node is equipped with light storage charging station, and 1~30 stores up charging station serial number for light, receives simultaneously
Collection investigates the typical intensity of sunshine of the territorial scope.
The intercity highway network information of table 1
It is divided automatically using the intercity highway network delta-shaped region that Thiessen polygon constitutes adjacent cities node,
It is as shown in Figure 4 that each light stores up the corresponding Regional Distribution of charging station.Charging station intensity of sunshine in same region is identical, and stands
Interior photovoltaic power output Normal Distribution.
The typical day traffic stream characteristics of the highway OD given herein using in document [19] and traffic flow scale are as vehicle
Data on flows.Considered based on actual conditions, EV is always selected between starting point and destination when going on a journey on intercity expressway
Shortest path, typical day traffic stream characteristics and traffic matrix are respectively as shown in Fig. 4 and table 2.
2 expressway of table typical case's day traffic OD matrix
The trip permeability of EV in the intercity highway network is set as 20%, the trip parameter area such as table of EV on each section
Shown in 3, wherein EV goes on a journey moment Normal Distribution for the first time[1], joined by the trip that Monte-Carlo Simulation generates each EV
Number.
3 highway network EV of table trip parameter
Using the parameter of photovoltaic, energy storage component in document [20], in light storage charging station, with invariable power charging modes to EV
Charging, charge power 120kW.As shown in table 4 below, by taking Beijing's tou power price as an example, light stores up charging station and uses tou power price
To power grid power purchase.
4 Beijing's Peak-valley TOU power price of table
α=0.3 is set, and M 1440, charger quantity bound is respectively 35 and 5, and the maximum queue waiting time of EV is
45 minutes, energy storage device maximum charge-discharge electric power was 200kW.To ensure that the charger of daily nearly half is obtained using keeping away simultaneously
It is insufficient to exempt to store up electrically-charging equipment in charging station due to light, when festivals or holidays in-trips vehicles increase sharply, user in light storage charging station is caused to be lined up
Waiting time is far more than upper limit value, and it is 40%~80% that setting light, which stores up utilization rate of equipment and installations in charging station,.
Numerical results and analysis
Charger quantity configuration
This section is by taking above-mentioned example scene as an example, to the intercity light storage charging station constant volume rule proposed in this paper based on charging guidance
The method of drawing is emulated, and the vehicle of the charger number distributed rationally in each light storage charging station and the accumulative service of typical day is obtained
Number is as shown in table 5.
5 simulation result of table
Each light according to table 5 stores up the constant volume optimum results of charger in charging station, configures 450 chargings altogether in road network
Machine, the different interior charger numbers configured of fastlink glazing storage charging stations are uniformly distributed by its typical vehicle number that enters the station day；It is located at
The light storage charging station of traffic near nodal is compared to the light storage charging station between transport node because of big rule on same fastlink
Mould EV requires supplementation with electricity when part EV initially goes on a journey after intercity trip, thus needs to configure greater number of charger.
It can be seen from Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 optimize constant volume before light storage charging station in, generally existing charging equipment utilization rate with
The phenomenon that user's queue waiting time uncoordinated development: when utilization rate of equipment and installations is lower in light storage charging station, it will cause the resource spare time
Phenomenon is set, the cost of investment of respective stations is increased；Otherwise when utilization rate of equipment and installations is higher, queue waiting time is too long in subscriber station,
Seriously affect user's trip experience.After being optimized to the quantity of charger in light storage charging station, as shown in station 4,6,7,15 etc.,
When EV user's maximum queue waiting time is without departing from predetermined value, by reducing the quantity of charger, filled with improving corresponding light storage
The utilization rate of equipment and installations in power station；As stood shown in 5,10,18,26 etc., when the utilization rate of charging equipment meets constraint condition, pass through increasing
EV user's queue waiting time can be effectively reduced in the quantity for adding charger, to avoid congestion occur in light storage charging station existing
As.
It goes on a journey under permeability in different EV, charger quantity distributes that the results are shown in Table 6 rationally in light storage charging station,
Capacity utilization, maximum queue waiting time calculated result difference are as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9.
Simulation result under the different trip permeabilities of table 6
As can be seen from the above results, when EV trip permeability is respectively 35% and 50%, EV is based on charging guidance system
After system trip, charger quantity in charging station is stored up by distributing each light rationally, light stores up the range of utilization rate of equipment and installations in charging station
Respectively 0.45~0.76,0.41~0.67, EV user maximum queue waiting time is respectively 44min, 43min, and each light storage is filled
The maximum queue waiting time of utilization rate of equipment and installations and user are all satisfied binding occurrence in power station, it follows that in light storage charging station
After the quantity optimization constant volume of charger, it can effectively take into account queue waiting time and light in subscriber station and store up equipment utilization in charging station
Rate, set forth herein the validity of constant volume planing method for verifying.
Light stores up light in charging station and stores up capacity configuration
The EV vehicle number of the charger number configured in light storage charging station and accumulative service is obtained according to above-mentioned analysis, thus may be used
Know that light stores up charging station internal loading situation.When EV trip permeability is 20%, the excellent of capacity is stored up with light in light storage charging station 9
For change configuration, 9 are stood positioned at region 4, interior 6 chargers of configuration altogether of standing add up 204 EV of service typical day, interior EV power of standing
Demand is illustrated in fig. 10 shown below.
Area, the power output situation of photovoltaic and light storage charging can be laid according to 9 place region typical case's intensity of sunshines of station, photovoltaic
EV power demand in standing, combined objective function, constraint condition, the light after being distributed rationally store up photovoltaic capacity in charging station and are
1000kW, energy storage device capacity are 1200kW, and average daily service life overall cost is 4729 yuan, interior power equilibrium relation such as Figure 11 institute of standing
Show.
As seen from Figure 11, the light storage charging station after distributing photovoltaic, stored energy capacitance rationally as described above transport by strategy
Row: 24:00~next day 07:00, power grid execute paddy when electricity price and without photovoltaic contribute, due to power purchase network minimal in this period, light
Storage charging station supplements energy storage device to power grid power purchase and meets EV power demand in station, and energy storage device reaches full when 07:00
State of charge；When 07:00~18:00, when photovoltaic power output be greater than station internal loading power demand when, remaining electricity online, when 16:00~
When 18:00 photovoltaic power output is less than load power demand, since this period power grid executes usually electricity price, power purchase expense is relatively low,
Corresponding power shortage is supplemented by power grid；When 18:00~21:00, power grid execute peak when electricity price, when photovoltaic power output be not able to satisfy it is negative
When lotus power demand, corresponding power shortage is preferentially supplemented by energy storage device, power purchase expense when reducing peak；21:00~24:
When 00, power grid successively execute usually, paddy when electricity price, light storage charging station successively provide electric energy in usually electricity price for EV, in Gu Shi electricity
Energy storage device electricity is filled in price subsidies.According to formula (12), in conjunction with tou power price, when light stores up unglazed storage equipment in charging station 9, light storage charging
It stands with tou power price to power grid power purchase, calculating average daily service life overall cost is 7343 yuan；After light storage equipment is set, still not
Consider the time-of-use tariffs in conjunction with power grid, the power output time of energy storage device in regulation light storage charging station, distributes light storage equipment rationally and hold
When amount, be computed average daily service life overall cost is 6734 yuan；Herein by photovoltaic power output, load level, regulation in combining station
The energy storage device power output time distributes light storage place capacity rationally, reduces the acquisition cost of light storage equipment, and reduce power grid
Power purchase expense daily saves money respectively 2614,2005 yuan compared with the former.
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Claims (1)
1. it is a kind of based on charging guidance intercity highway network light store up charging station constant volume planing method, which is characterized in that including with
Lower step:
The description of A model and hypothesis
Since the influence factor being subject to when charging infrastructure in planning and configuration light storage charging station is more, in order to retouch more fully hereinafter
Corresponding constraint is stated, under the premise of not influencing objective function calculating, makes following hypothesis:
A1 provides food and drink, parking rest etc. due to being equipped with service area at interval of 50~60km on intercity highway network, for user
Service, in order to reduce the land occupation construction cost of light storage charging station, it is assumed that light storage charging station is built in service area；
A2 is based on the vehicle one-way traffic on expressway the characteristics of, and the wagon flow in 2 directions is independent of each other, therefore research object is only
To travel the unilateral vehicle on expressway, unilateral light stores up charging station；
For A3 due to the versatility and convenience of charge guide system, EV user generally receives its charging guide decision-making made；
A4 puts aside electric quantity loss when EV start and stop, according to the data information that sensor uploads, takes flat in nearest 2 periods
Equal speed is travelled as corresponding EV to the speed of light storage charging station；
After A5EV reservation charging, it is the reserved charging seat in the plane EV that corresponding light, which stores up charging station, and is charged with invariable power to EV；
B light stores up electric car queue waiting time in charging station
Based on intercity highway network charge guide system, EV uploads the trips letters such as state-of-charge, accumulative stroke, destination in real time
Breath, when the state-of-charge of T moment EV reaches threshold value, guidance system is to evade EV deep battery discharge, is prolonged its service life,
To divide EV into according to the charger number of light storage charging station and chargometer in stroke and make charging decision, select queue waiting time compared with
Few light stores up charging station reservation charging seat in the plane, and corresponding light storage charging station waits its charging of entering the station；
I-th EV is in initial time Ti 0When trip, maximum range is indicated by best mileage travelled and course continuation mileage, is calculated
Formula is respectively as shown in formula (1), formula (2) and formula (3)；
Si=BE_Si+MA_Si (1)
Wherein: SiThe i.e. accumulative stroke of maximum range when initially going on a journey for i-th vehicle；BE_Si、Respectively i-th vehicle
Best mileage travelled, state-of-charge when initial trip；α is the threshold value of i-th vehicle state-of-charge, 0 < α < 1；PiFor i-th vehicle
Hundred kilometers of power consumption；BiFor the battery capacity of i-th vehicle；MA_SiCourse continuation mileage when initially going on a journey for i-th vehicle；
Accumulative residence time in i-th Che Guang storage charging station j' of T momentAccumulative stroke SiRespectively such as formula (4) and formula
(5) shown in:
Wherein: J is the serial number that light stores up charging station in intercity highway network；K is the charging time that guidance system adds up service vehicle i
Number；xij'For charge flag variable, when i-th Chinese herbaceous peony is toward when jth ' a light storage charging station charging, xij'It is 1, is otherwise 0；For
Leaving from station time of the vehicle i after kth time completes charging behavior,For entering the station the time for corresponding EV；ViFor the traveling of i-th vehicle
Speed；
Alternative light under i-th Che Qi course continuation mileage is calculated via analysis processing platform stratus in charge guide system
Store up charging station j, running time Δ ti,jRespectively as shown in formula (6) and formula (7)；
Si≤Lj≤Si+MA_Si (6)
Wherein: LjGo out the distance of beginning-of-line away from vehicle i for light storage charging station；
Δti,jIn time, charging plan consists of two parts in light storage charging station j: issuing charge requirement before the T moment and reaches
Light storage charging station j not yet completes EV the and T+ Δ t of charging behaviori,jCharge requirement was issued before moment and reaches light stores up charging station
The EV of j is based on queuing theory, can obtain the waiting time WA_T of i-th vehiclei,jAs shown in formula (8)；
Wherein: MjThe vehicle number to charge in charging station j is stored up in light to reserve；mjCharger number of units in charging station j is stored up for light；
ti'j,FirLeaWhen reaching light storage charging station j for i-th vehicle, the time leaving from station for the interior vehicle i ' to leave away at first that stands；ti'j,CalLeaIt is
When i vehicle reaches light storage charging station j, stand interior Mj-mjThe time leaving from station of+1 vehicle i ' leaving from station；
C light stores up power equilibrium relation in charging station
The energy source that light stores up charging station is powered in photovoltaic power generation and power grid, and electric energy caused by photovoltaic is mainly used for auxiliary hair
Electricity；Since photovoltaic power output has certain regularity and uncertainty, the power-balance relationship that light stores up in charging station is as follows:
When photovoltaic power output is not able to satisfy EV power demand in station in light storage charging station, by power grid and energy storage device electric energy supplement,
At this time:
Wherein: M is the run the period number of charging station whole day, Δ tmFor the duration of m period, PPV,mFor m period photovoltaic power output
Mean power, PBI,mFor the mean power of m period energy storage device electric discharge, PG,mFor m period power grid power supply mean power,
PEV,mFor the m period stand in EV load mean power；
When photovoltaic power output is greater than power demand in station in light storage charging station, remaining electricity online, at this time:
Wherein: P 'BI,mFor the mean power of m period energy storage device charging, P 'G,mFor the mean power of m period photovoltaic online；
D light stores up utilization rate of equipment and installations in charging station
Using charge guide system, i-th vehicle selection light storage charging station j charging, arrive at a station j when state-of-chargeSuch as formula (11)
It is shown；
Wherein: t=T+ Δ ti,j, at the time of reaching light storage charging station j for vehicle i,For the state-of-charge of T moment vehicle i；
Since EV is in the light storage charging station charging on intercity highway network, car owner considers for the travel time is saved, charging
Several charging stations under electricity can complete remainder stroke or go in stroke, as a result, vehicle i charge capacity Δ Bi,j
As shown in formula (12)；
Wherein: β is the state-of-charge after EV charging,
For electrically-charging equipment service condition in unified more intercity highway network glazing storage charging station, the service of electrically-charging equipment is measured
Intensity, the utilization rate of equipment and installations for defining electrically-charging equipment in light storage charging station is the service time of relevant device and the ratio of whole day time
Value, as shown in formula (13)；
Wherein: N is the EV number of charging station j whole day service, PEVFor the charge power of charger；
Light storage charging station modeling of the E based on charging guidance
E1 light stores up the objective function of charging station constant volume planning
Meet user's trip convenience demand, to ensure that light stores up charging station economical operation, in line with preferential consumption photovoltaic, reduces peak
Period to the principle of power grid power purchase expense, proposes following operation reserve:
Rate period when paddy, typically no photovoltaic power output, power grid provide electric energy for EV and energy storage device；Usually rate period, when
When photovoltaic power output is greater than EV workload demand, dump energy is used for energy storage, otherwise, the electric energy needed for power grid supplement；Electricity price when peak
Period, when photovoltaic power output is greater than EV workload demand, dump energy is used for energy storage, otherwise, the electricity needed for energy storage device supplement
Can, if energy storage device off-capacity, then by distribution supply of electrical energy；
Based on above-mentioned optimization aim and operation reserve, with the average daily life cycle cost of charging infrastructure in each light storage charging station
Minimum formulates the objective function of constant volume scheme are as follows:
Wherein: Cj、NjThe acquisition cost of charger, service life in respectively light storage charging station j；CPV,j、CBI,j、CG,j、CRES,j
Photovoltaic apparatus, energy storage device acquisition expenses, power purchase expense and equipment fortune in its life cycle in respectively light storage charging station j
Average daily cost after the conversion of row maintenance cost, CPV’,jFor the average daily reimbursement for expenses of photovoltaic online electricity；
E2 light stores up the constraint of charging station constant volume planning
The number constraint of E2.1 charger
On the one hand since light storage charging station occupied area, cost of investment are limited, thus the quantity of charger exists up and down in the j that stands
Limit:
Simultaneously in order to avoid charging resources idle caused by charger configuration excessively in light storage charging station or electrically-charging equipment are insufficient
Cause congestion phenomenon in standing, there are lower limits for the utilization rate of equipment and installations of charger in light storage charging station:
On the other hand, by formula (8) it is found that when waiting in line in the station of the quantity influence EV user of charger in light storage charging station
Between, in order to alleviate user's anxious psychology, user is facilitated to go on a journey, there are the upper limits for user's queue waiting time:
E2.2 light stores up plant capacity constraint
Since photovoltaic power output is influenced by typical daylight in light storage charging station according to factors such as intensity, photovoltaic capacities, photovoltaic
There are the upper limits for power output:
In addition, energy storage device charge-discharge electric power is influenced that there are bounds by energy storage device capacity in light storage charging station:
λBI,m·λ′BI,m=0 (21)
λBI,m,λ′BI,m∈{0,1} (22)
Wherein: λBI,m、λ′BI,mFor 0,1 variable, indicate that energy storage device charging, discharge condition within the arbitrarily optimization period are unique；
E3 constant volume planning strategy solves
The problem is solved using TSP question particle swarm optimization algorithm；The algorithm is according to whole during particle evolution
The evolution degree and individual evolution degree of body determine the mutagenic factor of current best particle, adjust the Inertia Weight of each particle, from
And realize the automatic adjusument of each particle evolution speed and position, particle continues searching after entering adjacent domain, to determination
New individual extreme value and global extremum；
When based on TSP question particle swarm optimization algorithm configuration light storage charging station, with formula (14) for objective function, solution meets
Charger quantity particle, photovoltaic capacity particle and the energy storage device capacity particle of constraint condition, the following institute of specific steps, process
Show；
1) intercity highway network information is inputted, light stores up charging station serial number, the quantity of geographical location information and EV；
2) population is initialized, simulation generates the trip parameter of EV, using guidance charging modes, when EV state-of-charge reaches threshold value
When, intercity highway network charge guide system makes charging decision, and corresponding EV is guided to enter the station charging；
3) enabling maximum number of iterations is S, current iteration number s=0；The individual optimal solution and the overall situation for calculating initialization population are most
Excellent solution；
4) enabling maximum population is Z, current particle number z=0, the speed of more new particle and position；
5) examine whether particle meets constraint condition, if satisfied, then calculating the fitness function value of current particle；If not satisfied,
Then enable the fitness value of the particle for infinity；
6) examine whether current fitness function value is better than current individual extreme value and group's extreme value, if satisfied, then more new individual is most
Excellent solution and globally optimal solution；Otherwise step (7) are gone to；
7) z=z+1 is enabled, examines whether population z is equal to maximum population Z, if satisfied, then continuing to (8)；Otherwise, it returns
It is back to step (5)；
8) s=s+1 is enabled, examines whether current iteration number s is equal to maximum number of iterations S, if satisfied, then globally optimal solution is
Light stores up the optimal constant volume scheme of charging station, and solution terminates；Otherwise step (9) are gone to；
9) Colony fitness variance of current particle group and the mutation probability of globally optimal solution are calculated, is decided whether according to random number
Variation is carried out mutation operation to globally optimal solution, is then gone to step (4) using the method for increasing random perturbation.
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