CN109487184B - Regression forming synchronous process for high-strength aluminum alloy in artificial aging state - Google Patents
Regression forming synchronous process for high-strength aluminum alloy in artificial aging state Download PDFInfo
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- CN109487184B CN109487184B CN201811624579.3A CN201811624579A CN109487184B CN 109487184 B CN109487184 B CN 109487184B CN 201811624579 A CN201811624579 A CN 201811624579A CN 109487184 B CN109487184 B CN 109487184B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
- B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
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Abstract
The invention provides a regression forming synchronous process for an artificial aging state high-strength aluminum alloy, which comprises the steps of firstly cleaning a stamping forming die, placing the artificial aging state aluminum alloy on the die, rapidly heating a plate to a temperature higher than the artificial aging temperature by 120-160 ℃ by utilizing electromagnetic induction or conductive heating, keeping the temperature for a certain time, controlling the temperature keeping time to be within 20-60 seconds, stamping and forming in the process, air-cooling the formed member to the room temperature, and subsequently carrying out artificial aging strengthening treatment according to the requirement. The invention can obviously improve the stamping formability of the alloy at lower temperature, namely, the formability efficiency of the high-strength aluminum alloy is improved while the material performance is ensured, and the synchronous process is beneficial to the shape cooperative control of the high-strength alloy and can be used for manufacturing parts of automobiles, aerospace, ships and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material processing, and particularly relates to a regression forming synchronous process of an artificial aging state high-strength aluminum alloy.
Background
The aluminum alloy has the advantages of low density, good plasticity, strong corrosion resistance and the like, is relatively rich in resources, can be processed into various sections, plates and the like, has excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, and is widely used in industry. The strength of wrought aluminium alloys of the 2xxx, 6xxx and 7xxx series is mainly derived from the precipitated phases formed by solute atoms during ageing after solution quenching, so that the ageing process is crucial for obtaining excellent mechanical properties. The high-strength aluminum alloy plate has low room-temperature elongation, is difficult to form by adopting the conventional processes such as cold stamping and the like, and is often required to be formed by hot stamping at higher temperature. In order to ensure good formability and strength of parts, the existing hot stamping method is complicated in process, generally, a blank is reheated to a solid solution temperature and is kept warm for a certain time, the blank is transferred to a forming die for hot forming, and the forming die needs to be provided with a heating temperature control system and a heat insulation device. Although the forming capability of the aluminum alloy is greatly improved at high temperature, the strength is very low, and the surface is easily scratched. In addition, after cooling, long artificial aging is needed to obtain enough strength, and when cooling is slow, coarse precipitated phases can be formed in the alloy, so that the supersaturation degree is reduced, and the subsequent artificial aging strengthening effect is weakened. The process is therefore very demanding on the mould and requires a built-in cooling system. The process has the advantages of complex process, long production period and higher production cost. Therefore, a manufacturing process is needed that can reduce the cost, improve the forming and manufacturing efficiency, and maintain the performance of the plate.
In order to improve the stamping formability of high-strength aluminum alloy, the current solution is mainly to form the high-strength aluminum alloy by heating to a higher temperature and keeping the temperature for a certain time. For example, the invention patent "aluminum alloy plate press forming method" with the publication number of CN104117562B proposes an aluminum alloy press forming method, in which the plate is first heated to 495-290 ℃ and then is heat preserved for 30-60 minutes and then is rapidly water quenched, and the press forming is completed within 8 hours and within the range of 250-290 ℃. The problems of scratching, deformation and cracking in the stamping forming process can be reduced to a certain extent. However, the process is also complicated in steps, the workpiece needs to be heated to a higher temperature and then cooled by water quenching, and the energy consumption is higher. The invention patent with the domestic publication number of CN108380722A discloses a hot stamping forming method of a light aluminum alloy vehicle body member, and provides a T6 state aluminum alloy hot stamping forming method, wherein a T6 state aluminum alloy plate is placed in heating equipment to be heated and is kept warm for 1-5min, the heating temperature is 50-300 ℃ lower than the solid solution temperature of the T6 state aluminum alloy plate, the plate is taken out and is transferred into a stamping die for stamping forming within 7s, and then pressure maintaining quenching is carried out within the die to obtain a final product. The method does not need to continuously perform heat treatment strengthening after stamping, saves the processing time and improves the production efficiency. However, the plate needs to be heated and then quickly transferred to a forming die, and the process is still complicated. In addition, the heating temperature is still high and the heating time is long, so that the precipitated phase of the alloy in the T6 state can be coarsened, and the performance can be reduced. The invention patent 'regression and forming integrated process of high-strength aluminum alloy plates' with the domestic publication number of CN106583489A provides a composite process combining regression treatment and stamping forming of high-strength aluminum alloy plates. The method comprises the steps of heating and preserving heat of the high-strength aluminum alloy treated by the T6 between the aging temperature and the solid solution temperature to finish regression treatment for 5-10 minutes, quickly closing a die after the sheet is placed in the die to finish forming and quick cooling, and performing conventional aging treatment after the part is formed. The process combines the regression treatment in the aluminum plate RRA process with the stamping forming, can reduce the energy consumption to a certain extent, and shortens the manufacturing flow. However, the process is only suitable for artificially aged and underaged plates, the forming temperature is still high, the forming time is long, and the same problems as the CN108380722A patent are faced.
In the existing stamping production of aluminum alloy plates, the plates are basically required to be heated to a higher temperature for a certain time, and then cooled to a certain temperature by a cooling device for forming, the plates are likely to crack, deform, coarsen precipitated phases, reduce the performance and the like in the forming at the high temperature, and the process has the advantages of low efficiency and high energy consumption. In summary, the process for improving the formability of the aluminum alloy, which is simple in development process, low in cost and convenient for practical application, is very important for producing high-quality aluminum alloy members.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a heat treatment reinforced artificial aging state high-strength aluminum alloy regression forming synchronous process, which can obviously improve the stamping formability of the alloy at a lower temperature, namely, the high-strength aluminum alloy improves the forming efficiency while ensuring the material performance, and the synchronous process is beneficial to the shape cooperative control of the high-strength alloy and can be used for manufacturing parts such as automobiles, aerospace, ships and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a process for synchronously shaping the artificially aged high-strength Al alloy includes such steps as washing the die, putting the artificially aged Al alloy plate on the die, electromagnetic induction or electric heating to heat the plate to 120-160 deg.C, holding the temp for 20-60 seconds, press shaping, and cooling in air.
The high-strength aluminum alloy mainly refers to 7xxx series, 2xxx series and 6xxx series alloys with obvious age hardening effect.
The artificial aging state is between underaging and peak artificial aging state, and the aging temperature is generally between 60 and 200 ℃.
The heating temperature rise time is generally not more than 20 seconds.
The heating rate is preferably greater than 20 ℃/sec before heating to 120 ℃.
The press-forming speed is preferably 0.01 to 10s-1。
After the component is cooled to room temperature in the air, artificial aging strengthening treatment can be continuously carried out according to requirements.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the aluminum alloy placed at room temperature is subjected to solution quenching treatment and artificial aging in a material manufacturer, and at the moment, solute atoms after the solution quenching form a precipitated phase in the aging process. Elements such as zinc, copper and magnesium are the major alloying elements added to high strength aluminum alloys such as the 7xxx and 2xxx series, and the age hardening potential of such alloys is related to the precipitation of these elements during heat treatment. These elements are separated out from the supersaturated solid solution after heat preservation at a certain temperature, thereby achieving the effect of precipitation strengthening. In order to improve the formability and the mechanical properties of the aluminium alloy member obtained, it is necessary to reduce the hardness of the alloy in the artificially aged state by a certain process. The corresponding equipment is lacked in a mechanical processing plant, and the aluminum alloy can not be re-solutionized and quenched again generally. The difficulty of the high-temperature regression reshaping treatment is quite high, and improper control of the aluminum alloy is easy to cause overaging, so that the aluminum alloy is more difficult to process, and the effect of strengthening by subsequent aging treatment is inhibited.
The invention systematically researches the stability of the artificial aging precipitated phase in the high-strength aluminum alloy plate at each temperature and the competitive relationship of re-dissolution and re-precipitation, provides a forming method (the heat treatment method of the invention) suitable for the regression forming synchronization of the artificial aging state high-strength aluminum alloy plate, and can improve the processing formability and the potential of subsequent hardening of the aluminum alloy. The aluminum alloy can be directly formed in the heating process, so that the forming efficiency of the aluminum alloy can be further improved, air and a grinding tool can be used for cooling the aluminum alloy subsequently, and the energy consumption is saved. The strength is maintained after forming, and artificial aging can be avoided.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. compared with the traditional heating equipment, the electromagnetic induction heating adopts a non-contact heating mode, the heating speed is high, the temperature is easy to control, the safety and the high efficiency are realized, the product quality is stable, the temperature is easy to control, the limitation on heating conditions is less, and the large-scale production of a factory is easy to realize.
2. By optimizing the heating mode and the heating process, the invention can effectively control the redissolution and re-precipitation processes of the precipitated phase in the artificial aging, and the strength can be reduced by 300MPa within the heat preservation temperature and time, so that the forming capability of the alloy is improved without losing the strength of the alloy, and the precipitated phase is not easy to coarsen in the forming process. The strength after forming is already high, and artificial aging can be carried out or not be carried out after forming according to requirements.
3. The heat treatment method can be carried out in the existing forming equipment without adding new heat treatment equipment; the method is suitable for the aluminum alloy complex sample piece in actual production; the forming temperature is lower, the temperature window is larger, the process controllability is strong, the product quality is easy to ensure to be stable, precipitated phases and crystal grains cannot be coarsened, and the performance is reduced.
4. The aluminum alloy is directly formed while being heated and insulated, the forming and manufacturing time is short, the aluminum alloy can be cooled by air and a grinding tool, a forming die with a cooling system is not required to be specially designed, and the die cost is reduced.
5. The process provided by the invention can improve the forming capability of the high-strength aluminum alloy, is convenient for the cooperative control of the forming property and improves the quality of aluminum alloy products.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The method of the present invention is further illustrated and described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. The room temperature of the invention can be 0-30 ℃.
Referring to fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, firstly, a stamping forming mold is cleaned, an aluminum alloy in an artificial aging state is placed on the mold, a plate is rapidly (generally within 20 seconds) heated to a temperature of 120 ℃ or more and 160 ℃ higher than an artificial aging temperature by electromagnetic induction or conductive heating, the temperature is maintained for a certain time, the temperature is controlled within 20 to 60 seconds, stamping forming is performed in the process, a formed member is air-cooled to room temperature, and artificial aging strengthening treatment can be continuously performed subsequently according to requirements.
The sample used in the examples was a commercial 7075 high strength alloy. Alloy hardness testing was performed on a Vickers hardness tester with an experimental load of 4.9N and a duration of 15 s. The metal compression test was performed according to the national standard GB/T7314-.
The following embodiments were designed based on the above considerations:
comparative example 1
7075 carrying out solution treatment and water quenching on the aluminum alloy in an air circulation resistance furnace to obtain an aluminum alloy plate; and then the mixture is respectively placed for 1h, 12h and 24h at the temperature of 120 ℃ for compression test.
Example 1
7075 carrying out solution treatment and water quenching on the aluminum alloy in an air circulation resistance furnace to obtain an aluminum alloy plate; and then respectively standing at 120 ℃ for 1h, then heating to 250 ℃ by adopting electromagnetic induction, preserving heat for 30 seconds, 1 minute and 2 minutes, carrying out thermal compression test on the plate at the heat preservation stage, and then taking out the plate to cool at room temperature.
Example 2
7075 carrying out solution treatment and water quenching on the aluminum alloy in an air circulation resistance furnace to obtain an aluminum alloy plate; and then respectively standing at 120 ℃ for 12h, then heating to 250 ℃ by adopting electromagnetic induction and preserving heat for 30 seconds, carrying out thermal compression test on the plate at the heat preservation stage, and then taking out the plate and cooling at room temperature.
Example 3
7075 carrying out solution treatment and water quenching on the aluminum alloy in an air circulation resistance furnace to obtain an aluminum alloy plate; and then respectively standing at 120 ℃ for 24h, then heating to 250 ℃ by adopting electromagnetic induction and preserving heat for 30 seconds, carrying out thermal compression test on the plate at the heat preservation stage, and then taking out the plate and cooling at room temperature.
Example 4
7075 carrying out solution treatment and water quenching on the aluminum alloy in an air circulation resistance furnace to obtain an aluminum alloy plate; and then respectively standing at 120 ℃ for 12h, then heating to 280 ℃ by adopting electromagnetic induction and preserving heat for 30 seconds, carrying out thermal compression test on the plate at the heat preservation stage, and then taking out the plate and cooling at room temperature.
Example 5
7075 carrying out solution treatment and water quenching on the aluminum alloy in an air circulation resistance furnace to obtain an aluminum alloy plate; and then respectively standing at 120 ℃ for 24h, then heating to 280 ℃ by adopting electromagnetic induction and preserving heat for 30 seconds, carrying out thermal compression test on the plate at the heat preservation stage, and then taking out the plate and cooling at room temperature.
Example 6
7075 carrying out solution treatment and water quenching on the aluminum alloy in an air circulation resistance furnace to obtain an aluminum alloy plate; and then respectively standing at 120 ℃ for 12h, then heating to 250 ℃ by adopting electromagnetic induction and preserving heat for 30 seconds, deforming the plate at the heat preservation stage, taking out air for cooling, and carrying out a room temperature compression test.
Table 1 shows the compression property test values of comparative examples after different artificial aging processes, and the above examples are repeated for more than 3 times. Therefore, the alloy with artificial aging has high strength and low elongation, and is not suitable for forming and manufacturing.
Table 1 compression properties after treatment of the comparative example 1 process
| 1 hour | 12 hours | 24 hours | |
| Yield strength | 489MPa | 561MPa | 589MPa |
| Ultimate strength | 596MPa | 622MPa | 630MPa |
| Elongation after fracture | 18％ | 12％ | 11％ |
TABLE 2 compression behavior of example 1 after different holding times for the corresponding process treatments
| 30 seconds | 1 minute | 2 minutes | |
| Yield strength | 202MPa | 216MPa | 256MPa |
| Ultimate strength | 312MPa | 313MPa | 309MPa |
| Elongation after fracture | 70％ | 71％ | 70％ |
TABLE 3 compression behavior after treatment of comparative example 1 and examples 2 to 4
Tables 2 and 3 show the effect of the comparative example (the method of the invention), and it can be seen that the alloy strength in different artificial aging states is greatly reduced, the maximum strength can reach more than 300MPa, the elongation is improved by 3 times, and the method is very suitable for stamping. In addition, it is clear from example 4 that the strength of the alloy is already very high without performing the subsequent artificial aging treatment after the forming.
In conclusion, by utilizing the regression forming synchronous treatment process provided by the invention, the yield strength of the alloy can be reduced by 300MPa after the artificial aging aluminum alloy is subjected to regression treatment for 30 seconds, the elongation of the alloy is greatly improved, and the forming and manufacturing are easy. The aluminum alloy treated by the process does not need special die cooling, and the subsequent aging strength is not high. The invention can obviously improve the forming capability of the aluminum alloy and ensure enough strength, thereby facilitating the cooperative control of the forming property and improving the quality of the complex aluminum alloy product.
Claims (4)
1. A regression forming synchronous process of an artificially aged high-strength aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the steps of cleaning a stamping forming die, placing an artificially aged aluminum alloy plate on the die, rapidly heating the plate to a temperature higher than an artificial working efficiency temperature by 120-160 ℃ by means of electromagnetic induction or conductive heating, preserving heat for a certain time, wherein the artificial aging state refers to a state from underaging to a peak artificial aging state, the artificial aging temperature is 60-200 ℃, the heating temperature is not more than 20 seconds, the heating speed is more than 20 ℃/s before heating to 120 ℃, the heat preservation time is controlled within 20-60 seconds, stamping forming is carried out in the heat preservation process, and the formed member is air-cooled to room temperature.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the high-strength aluminum alloy is selected from the group consisting of 7xxx, 2xxx and 6xxx series alloys having significant age hardening effects.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein the stamping speed is 0.01-10s-1。
4. The process of claim 1, wherein the process is carried out by air cooling the member to room temperature and then carrying out artificial aging strengthening treatment as required.
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| CN111893410A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2020-11-06 | 东莞市和镁五金有限公司 | Magnesium alloy aging shaping technology and equipment |
| CN112122465A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2020-12-25 | 天津航天长征火箭制造有限公司 | Self-resistance heating forming method for hard aluminum alloy section sinking structure |
| CN112264498B (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-04-15 | 武汉理工大学 | Aluminum alloy pre-strengthening hot stamping forming method |
| CN112775310B (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-11-09 | 上海交通大学 | Aluminum alloy thin-wall component and efficient hot stamping forming method and application thereof |
| CN114798797A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-07-29 | 上海泽升汽车科技有限公司 | 6111 extrusion aluminum alloy plate punch forming method |
| CN118147590A (en) * | 2024-03-08 | 2024-06-07 | 瀚蕾智造(广东)科技有限公司 | Unsteady aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof, rapid hot stamping part forming process and thin-wall aluminum alloy part prepared by using same |
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| CN100429330C (en) * | 2005-08-19 | 2008-10-29 | 株式会社神户制钢所 | Shaping method of aluminium alloy section |
| CN105344780A (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2016-02-24 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | Forming method for artificial aging-state aluminum alloy sheet |
| CN105220091B (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2019-06-28 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | A kind of manufacturing process of artificial aging state aluminium lithium alloy thin plate |
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| CN105344779A (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2016-02-24 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | Forming method for artificial ageing aluminum alloy thin plate |
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| CN106583489B (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2020-03-17 | 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 | High-strength aluminum alloy plate regression forming integrated process |
| CN108048767A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-05-18 | 中南大学 | A kind of aluminum alloy quenching state recovery-forming integrated technique |
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