CN109487146B - High-speed steel electroslag remelting in-situ microalloying crystallization equipment and smelting method thereof - Google Patents

High-speed steel electroslag remelting in-situ microalloying crystallization equipment and smelting method thereof Download PDF

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CN109487146B
CN109487146B CN201811578395.8A CN201811578395A CN109487146B CN 109487146 B CN109487146 B CN 109487146B CN 201811578395 A CN201811578395 A CN 201811578395A CN 109487146 B CN109487146 B CN 109487146B
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speed steel
microalloying
hole
electrode
steel ingot
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CN109487146A (en
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肖志霞
梁玉
殷福星
冯建航
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Hebei University of Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of high-speed steel microalloying, in particular to special crystallization equipment for high-speed steel electroslag remelting in-situ microalloying and a smelting method thereof. This crystallization equipment, including end water tank, transformer and crystallizer, the crystallizer forms the crystallizer with end water tank jointly, the crystallizer top is equipped with the atmosphere cover, the atmosphere cover is through the buckle, realize swing joint between connecting pieces such as bolt and the crystallizer, atmosphere cover one side lower extreme is equipped with the air inlet, one side upper end relative with the air inlet is equipped with the venthole, atmosphere cover top is close to the border position and is equipped with and fills out the cinder notch, atmosphere cover central authorities are equipped with circular through-hole, transformer one end connects through end water tank, another is connected with high-speed steel self-fluxing electrode through welded false electrode, form closed return circuit. The crystallization equipment is adopted for electroslag remelting, the yield of easily burnt microalloy elements is effectively improved, the added elements can be used as nucleation particles to participate in the tissue evolution process, the tissue in high-speed steel is obviously refined, and the size of carbide is obviously reduced.

Description

High-speed steel electroslag remelting in-situ microalloying crystallization equipment and smelting method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of high-speed steel microalloying, in particular to high-speed steel in-situ microalloying crystallization equipment implemented by an electroslag remelting process and a smelting method thereof.
Background
High speed steel is used as a main base material for manufacturing cutting tools with excellent toughness, good wear resistance, red hardness and tool formability. The performance of the high-speed steel can be greatly improved by uniform and fine carbide structures in the high-speed steel, and the carbides at the central part of an industrial-grade large-size high-speed steel ingot produced by using a conventional casting method are large in size and extremely uneven in radial distribution, so that the performance of the high-speed steel is seriously reduced.
The nucleation rate of the metal solidification process can be increased through microalloying treatment, so that the solidified grain structure is refined. However, in the traditional method for adding the microalloy elements, the microalloy elements are added into a steel ladle before smelting and tapping in an electric arc furnace, and the adding method has the defects of uneven distribution of the microalloy elements, easy burning loss of active elements such as Ti, rare earth and the like, difficult control of content, low yield of the microalloy elements and the like.
Therefore, how to add micro-alloy elements more conveniently and more conveniently, and meanwhile, the yield is improved, the distribution is controlled, and the micro-alloy elements precisely act in the range of a target area, so that the cast structure is improved is very important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the crystallization equipment for the in-situ microalloying crystallization of the high-speed steel and the method for smelting by using the crystallizer are provided, the method overcomes the problems of easy burning loss, uncontrollable distribution range and the like of the traditional microalloying method, and aims to solve the problems of large carbide structure, uneven radial distribution and the like in large-size high-speed steel.
The invention provides high-speed steel in-situ microalloying crystallization equipment, which comprises a bottom water tank, a transformer and a crystallizer, wherein the crystallizer is positioned on the bottom water tank and forms a crystallization tank together with the bottom water tank, an atmosphere cover is arranged above the crystallization tank and is movably connected with the crystallizer through connecting pieces such as buckles and bolts, the lower end of one side of the atmosphere cover is provided with an air inlet, the upper end of one side opposite to the air inlet is provided with an air outlet, the top of the atmosphere cover is provided with a slag filling port close to the edge, the center of the atmosphere cover is provided with a circular through hole, so that an electroslag remelted high-speed steel consumable steel ingot electrode can enter the crystallization tank through the through hole, one end of the transformer is communicated with the bottom water tank, and the other end of.
In order to improve the tightness of the atmosphere cover, an elastic sealing ring is further arranged in the through hole, the elastic sealing ring is arranged in a two-half splicing mode, and after the high-speed steel consumable electrode is placed in the through hole, the two halves of the elastic sealing ring are attached to the high-speed steel consumable electrode respectively and are plugged in the through hole, so that the tightness of the atmosphere cover is realized.
In order to enable the elastic sealing ring to adapt to high-speed steel consumable electrodes with different cross-sectional shapes, the cross-sectional shape of the inner diameter of the elastic sealing ring can be a regular polygon, a petal shape or other shapes customized according to needs.
In order to realize uniform distribution of microalloying along the radial direction, the invention provides a drill bit for drilling a filling hole on a high-speed steel consumable electrode steel ingot, wherein a water through hole is arranged in the drill bit, a water inlet hole of the water through hole is arranged at the center of the tail end of the drill bit, a water outlet hole is arranged on the side wall of the root of the drill bit, and a strip-shaped water tank connected with the water outlet hole of the water through hole is arranged on the side wall of the drill bit in order to facilitate water flow discharge. In order to make the drill bit and the crystallization device be shipped together, a drill bit storage device is arranged on the bottom water tank and used for storing drill bits with different diameters and water tank shapes.
The specific steps of carrying out micro-alloying by adopting the crystallization equipment for high-speed steel in-situ micro-alloying are as follows:
(1) preparing a high-speed steel consumable electrode steel ingot with the diameter of 90-110mm and the length of 300-400mm, wherein the high-speed steel consumable electrode steel ingot can be in an as-cast state, after forging or after rolling,
(2) polishing the outer surface of the electrode steel ingot to remove oxide skin, drilling filler holes in a target area by using a drill according to the principle of uniform distribution, wherein the diameter, the depth, the number and the positions of the filler holes are determined according to the diameter of the high-speed steel consumable electrode steel ingot and the content requirement of micro-alloying elements, when drilling, water is introduced from a water through hole of the drill to cool the drill, and simultaneously, drilling slag is discharged,
(3) filling a microalloying material into the filling hole, fixing the tail end of the material at the top end of the steel ingot of the high-speed steel consumable electrode to realize the suspension of the microalloying material, wherein the microalloying material can be a solid bar or wire of a target alloy element or a rod-shaped or wire-shaped material obtained by sintering alloy powder of the target alloy element, and the specific filling amount and filling position of the microalloying material are determined according to the distribution and content of the target element,
(4) according to the processing requirement of an electroslag remelting process on an electrode, false electrode welding is carried out on the top end of a steel ingot of a high-speed steel consumable electrode, an included angle between the circle center of the false electrode and the circle center of the steel ingot of the high-speed steel consumable electrode is smaller than 5 degrees in the axial direction, then the steel ingot of the high-speed steel consumable electrode is placed in a crystallization tank through a through hole of an atmosphere cover, an elastic sealing ring is assembled, after the elastic sealing ring is assembled, whether the axial eccentric angle between the false electrode and the steel ingot of the high-speed steel consumable electrode is overlarge or not is confirmed by measuring the yield deformation size of the two halves of the elastic sealing ring, if the axial,
(5) according to the steel scrap arc striking mode, after arc striking, the used slag is filled into a crystallization tank through a slag filling port, the used slag is matched with the type of the molten high-speed steel, the slag filling port is sealed after slag filling is finished, then an air inlet and an air outlet are opened, inert gas is introduced, the oxygen content in the crystallization tank is controlled to be lower than 500ppm, finally, the high-speed steel consumable electrode steel ingot is smelted, after smelting is finished, an atmosphere cover is detached, and an ingot is taken.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. compared with the traditional microalloying method, the microalloying method has the advantages that the microalloying operation is more convenient and reliable, and the addition amount and the action range of microalloying elements can be effectively controlled. 2. The yield of the added rare earth, Ti and other easily burnt micro-alloy elements is effectively improved, and the added elements can be used as nucleation particles to participate in the tissue evolution process. 3. The structure in the high-speed steel is obviously refined, and the size of carbide is obviously reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of high-speed steel in-situ microalloying crystallization equipment provided in example 1, which is assembled with a steel ingot of a consumable electrode of high-speed steel.
FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the top of the cell of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the drill bit of example 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the elastic sealing ring according to example 1.
Fig. 5 is a comparison of the structure of a high-speed steel ingot with the mark M2 before and after micro-element alloying according to example 1, wherein a is the structure of the high-speed steel ingot with the mark M2 before micro-element alloying, and b is the structure of the high-speed steel ingot with the mark M2 after micro-element alloying.
The high-speed steel consumable electrode comprises a high-speed steel consumable electrode steel ingot 1, a slag filling port 2, a filling hole 3, an air inlet 4, a crystallizer 5, a drill bit containing device 6, a bottom water tank 7, a transformer 8, a buckle 9, an atmosphere cover 10, an air outlet 11, an elastic sealing ring 12, a drill bit 13, a water inlet 131, a water outlet 132 and a water tank 133.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present invention. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the invention, as detailed in the appended claims.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-4, the high-speed steel in-situ micro-alloying crystallization apparatus provided in this embodiment includes a bottom water tank 7, a transformer 8, and a crystallizer 5, where the crystallizer 5 is located on the bottom water tank 7, and forms a crystallization tank together with the bottom water tank 7, an atmosphere cover 10 is disposed above the crystallization tank, the atmosphere cover 10 is movably connected to the crystallizer 5 through a buckle 9, an air inlet 4 is disposed at a lower end of one side of the atmosphere cover 10, an air outlet 11 is disposed at an upper end of the side opposite to the air inlet 4, a slag filling port 2 is disposed at a position on a top of the atmosphere cover 10 near an edge, and a circular through hole is disposed in a center of the atmosphere cover 10, so that an electroslag remelted high-speed steel consumable electrode steel ingot 1 can enter the crystallization tank through the through hole, one end of the transformer 8 is connected to the bottom.
In order to improve the tightness of the atmosphere cover 10, an elastic sealing ring 12 is further arranged in the through hole, the elastic sealing ring is arranged in a two-half splicing mode, after the high-speed steel consumable electrode steel ingot 1 is placed in the through hole, the two half elastic sealing rings 12 are attached to the high-speed steel consumable electrode steel ingot 1 and are plugged in the through hole respectively, the tightness of the atmosphere cover 10 is achieved, and the cross section of the inner diameter of each elastic sealing ring 12 is in a petal shape.
In order to realize uniform distribution of micro-alloying along the radial direction, the embodiment provides the drill bit 13 for drilling the filling holes 3 on the high-speed steel consumable electrode steel ingot 1, a water through hole is arranged in the drill bit 13, a water inlet 131 of the water through hole is arranged at the center position of the tail end of the drill bit 13, a water outlet 132 is arranged on the side wall of the root part of the drill bit 13, a strip-shaped water tank 133 connected with the water outlet of the water through hole is further arranged on the side wall of the drill bit 13 for facilitating water flow discharge, and in order to enable the drill bit 13 and the crystallization device to be shipped together, the drill bit accommodating.
In this embodiment, the apparatus is used to perform electroslag remelting in-situ microalloying melting on a high-speed steel ingot with a mark of M2, wherein the high-speed steel ingot with M2 consists of (by mass):
C：0.85％~0.86%；
W：6.1%~6.3%；
Mo：4.8%~5.0%；
Cr：4.0%~4.07%；
V：1.8%~1.86%；
Si：0.32%~0.34%；
Mn：0.3%~0.31%；
the balance being Fe.
The smelting steps are as follows:
(1) a steel ingot of the as-cast high-speed steel consumable electrode with the diameter of 100mm and the length of 300mm and the mark of M2 is prepared.
(2) And grinding and polishing the outer surface of the electrode steel ingot by using a grinding wheel to eliminate oxide skin on the outer surface. And drilling a filling hole in the center of the electrode steel ingot by using a hard alloy head drill bit with the length of 150mm and the diameter of 12mm, uniformly drilling 4 filling holes on the circumference at the position 25mm away from the center, respectively drilling from the upper end and the lower end of the electrode until the filling hole is drilled through during drilling, and continuously cooling water during drilling to prevent the drill bit from fatigue fracture.
(3) Placing the rare earth wires with the mass fraction of 0.2% of the electrode steel ingot into the filling holes processed in the step (2), and fixing the tail ends of the rare earth wires at the top end of the high-speed steel consumable electrode steel ingot to realize suspension of microalloying materials, wherein the rare earth wires comprise the following components: 48 + -3% La; 52 plus or minus 3 percent of Ce and neglecting other trace elements.
(4) According to the processing requirement of an electroslag remelting process on an electrode, false electrode welding is carried out on the top end of an electrode steel ingot, the circle center of a false electrode coincides with the circle center of a high-speed steel consumable electrode steel ingot, then the high-speed steel consumable electrode steel ingot is placed in a crystallizing pond through a through hole of an atmosphere cover, elastic sealing rings are installed in a splicing mode, after the elastic sealing rings are installed, the situation that the false electrode and the high-speed steel consumable electrode steel ingot are not provided with overlarge axial eccentric angle is confirmed by measuring the yield deformation sizes of the two halves of the elastic sealing rings, and the false electrode does not need to be welded again.
(5) The steel scrap arcing mode is used to ensure that the steel scrap and the arc striking base plate are made of the same material as the electrode material, and 70 percent of CaF is selected after arcing2+30%Al2O3And finally, smelting the high-speed steel consumable electrode steel ingot, and after the smelting is finished, disassembling an atmosphere cover and taking out the ingot.
In the smelting process, a constant smelting speed control mode is adopted, and the smelting speed is set to be 1.1 kg/min.
The yield was measured by measuring the residual amount of microalloy elements after remelting by ICP as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 yield (%) of rare earth elements after in-situ microalloying
Rare earth elements La Ce
Added value 0.096 0.104
Actual value 0.0868 0.0877
Yield of the product 90.4 84.3
Fig. 5 is a comparison of the microstructure of the high-speed steel ingot with the mark M2 before and after the micro-element alloying, wherein a is the microstructure of the high-speed steel ingot with the mark M2 before the micro-element alloying, and b is the microstructure of the high-speed steel ingot with the mark M2 after the micro-element alloying.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments which have been described above, and that various changes in the type, content and action position of the microalloying elements may be made without departing from the scope thereof.

Claims (4)

1. A high-speed steel electroslag remelting in-situ microalloying crystallization device comprises a bottom water tank, a transformer and a crystallizer, wherein the crystallizer is positioned on the bottom water tank and forms a crystallization tank together with the bottom water tank; the connecting piece is a buckle or a bolt; an elastic sealing ring is arranged in the through hole and is arranged in a two-half splicing mode; the inner diameter section of the elastic sealing ring is in a regular polygon shape or a petal shape; the crystallization equipment also comprises a drill bit for drilling a filling hole on the high-speed steel self-melting electrode steel ingot, wherein a water through hole is arranged in the drill bit, a water inlet hole of the water through hole is arranged at the center of the tail end of the drill bit, a water outlet hole is arranged on the side wall of the root part of the drill bit, and the drilled filling hole is filled with the microalloying material.
2. The high-speed steel electroslag remelting in-situ microalloying crystallization device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the side wall of the drill bit is further provided with a water tank connected with a water through hole and a water outlet hole.
3. The high-speed steel electroslag remelting in-situ microalloying crystallization device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the water groove on the side wall of the drill bit is in a strip shape or a spiral shape.
4. The method for carrying out microalloying smelting by adopting the high-speed steel electroslag remelting in-situ microalloying crystallization device as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3 is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) preparing a high-speed steel self-melting electrode steel ingot with the diameter of 90-110mm and the length of 300-400mm, wherein the high-speed steel self-melting electrode steel ingot is prepared by casting, forging or rolling,
(2) polishing the outer surface of the electrode steel ingot to remove oxide skin, drilling filler holes in a target area by using a drill according to the principle of uniform distribution, wherein the diameter, the depth, the number and the positions of the filler holes are determined according to the requirements of the diameter of the high-speed steel self-melting electrode steel ingot and the content of micro-alloying elements, when drilling, water is introduced from a water through hole of the drill to cool the drill, and simultaneously, drilling slag is discharged,
(3) filling a microalloying material into a filling hole, fixing the tail end of the material at the top end of a high-speed steel self-melting electrode steel ingot to realize suspension of the microalloying material, wherein the microalloying material is a solid bar or wire of a target alloy element or a rod-shaped or wire-shaped material obtained by sintering alloy powder of the target alloy element, and the specific filling amount and filling position of the microalloying material are determined according to the distribution and content of the target element,
(4) according to the processing requirement of an electroslag remelting process on an electrode, false electrode welding is carried out on the top end of a steel ingot of a high-speed steel self-melting electrode, an included angle between the circle center of the false electrode and the circle center of the steel ingot of the high-speed steel self-melting electrode is smaller than 5 degrees in the axial direction, then the steel ingot of the high-speed steel self-melting electrode is placed in a crystallization tank through a through hole of an atmosphere cover, an elastic sealing ring is assembled, after the elastic sealing ring is assembled, whether the axial eccentric angle between the false electrode and the steel ingot of the high-speed steel self-melting electrode is overlarge or not is confirmed by measuring the yield deformation size of the two halves of,
(5) according to the steel scrap arc striking mode, after arc striking, the used slag is filled into a crystallization tank through a slag filling port, the used slag is matched with the type of the molten high-speed steel, the slag filling port is sealed after slag filling is finished, then an air inlet and an air outlet are opened, inert gas is introduced, the oxygen content in the crystallization tank is controlled to be lower than 500ppm, finally, the high-speed steel self-melting electrode steel ingot is smelted, after smelting is finished, an atmosphere cover is detached, and an ingot is taken.
CN201811578395.8A 2018-12-24 2018-12-24 High-speed steel electroslag remelting in-situ microalloying crystallization equipment and smelting method thereof Expired - Fee Related CN109487146B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104985161A (en) * 2015-07-24 2015-10-21 东北大学 Device and method for manufacturing dual-alloy steam turbine rotor steel ingots through vacuum electroslag remelting
CN204727936U (en) * 2015-01-06 2015-10-28 重庆材料研究院有限公司 For the electroslag remelting device of large size alloy remelting ingot
CN206872899U (en) * 2017-05-31 2018-01-12 江苏新中洲特种合金材料有限公司 Special alloy electroslag remelting device

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5857917B2 (en) * 2012-08-28 2016-02-10 新日鐵住金株式会社 Ni-base superalloy ingot manufacturing method
DE102016124481B4 (en) * 2016-12-15 2021-07-01 Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh Melting plant and process

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN204727936U (en) * 2015-01-06 2015-10-28 重庆材料研究院有限公司 For the electroslag remelting device of large size alloy remelting ingot
CN104985161A (en) * 2015-07-24 2015-10-21 东北大学 Device and method for manufacturing dual-alloy steam turbine rotor steel ingots through vacuum electroslag remelting
CN206872899U (en) * 2017-05-31 2018-01-12 江苏新中洲特种合金材料有限公司 Special alloy electroslag remelting device

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