CN109482703B - Differential temperature and air pressure forming method and device for large-section-difference titanium alloy pipe fitting - Google Patents
Differential temperature and air pressure forming method and device for large-section-difference titanium alloy pipe fitting Download PDFInfo
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- CN109482703B CN109482703B CN201811620768.3A CN201811620768A CN109482703B CN 109482703 B CN109482703 B CN 109482703B CN 201811620768 A CN201811620768 A CN 201811620768A CN 109482703 B CN109482703 B CN 109482703B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
- B21D26/041—Means for controlling fluid parameters, e.g. pressure or temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
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- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a differential temperature air pressure forming method and a differential temperature air pressure forming device for a large-section differential titanium alloy pipe fitting, which regulate and control deformation uniformity by heating a die in a subarea manner, and comprise the following steps of S1: arranging different heating elements in different areas of the die, and respectively carrying out temperature measurement and control to realize a differential temperature field with lower temperature at the large end of the die and higher temperature at the small end of the die; s2: according to the temperature, the diameter, the wall thickness and the material performance of the large end and the small end of the tube blank, an air pressure loading curve is designed through calculation, and compressed air is injected into the tube blank by adopting the air pressure loading curve, so that the large end and the small end of the tube blank are synchronously deformed, and the basically same maximum strain rate is obtained. The invention improves the deformation uniformity and the forming efficiency and reduces the energy consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plastic forming and manufacturing of titanium alloy thin-wall components, in particular to a differential temperature and air pressure forming method and device for a large-section differential titanium alloy pipe fitting.
Background
With the development of light weight and high reliability of vehicles such as airplanes, rockets, automobiles, ships and warships and the like, titanium alloy is urgently needed to be used for manufacturing various hollow thin-wall parts, such as oil guide pipes, air inlet passages, air outlet pipes and the like used for airplane fuel systems, air inlet and exhaust systems of airplane and rocket engines, automobile exhaust systems, hot end parts of ship engines and the like. One typical type of component is a titanium alloy tube with large cross-sectional differences, as shown in fig. 1.
Compared with the traditional steel materials, the titanium alloy member has the advantages of weight reduction, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and the like, but has the problems of difficult forming, difficult control of dimensional precision and structure performance and the like due to poor room temperature plasticity, large deformation resilience and complex high-temperature structure evolution of the titanium alloy. The common forming method of the titanium alloy large-section-difference pipe fitting is integral heating air pressure forming, and the basic principle is as follows: putting the pipe blank with two closed ends and the die into a heating furnace, heating to a forming temperature, taking TC4 titanium alloy as an example, to 700-900 ℃, then introducing compressed gas into the pipe blank, pressurizing the pipe blank inside to deform the pipe blank to be attached to the die outside, and forming the pipe fitting with the large section difference.
The integral heating air pressure forming method of the large-section-difference pipe fitting has the following problems: the pipe blank is heated to the same temperature completely, and in the process of increasing the internal pressure, because the part with larger circumference has low pressure bearing capacity and the part with smaller circumference has high pressure bearing capacity, the deformation is asynchronous easily caused, and the part with larger circumference preferentially generates violent deformation, so that the wall thickness of the component is uneven or the component cannot be formed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a differential temperature and air pressure forming method and device for a large-section differential titanium alloy pipe fitting, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, improving the deformation uniformity and forming efficiency and reducing the energy consumption.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a differential temperature and air pressure forming method of a large-section differential titanium alloy pipe fitting, which regulates and controls the deformation uniformity by heating a die in a subarea manner and comprises the following steps,
s1: arranging different heating elements in different areas of the die, and respectively carrying out temperature measurement and control to realize a differential temperature field with lower temperature at the large end of the die and higher temperature at the small end of the die;
s2: according to the temperature, the diameter, the wall thickness and the material performance of the large end and the small end of the tube blank, an air pressure loading curve is designed through calculation, and compressed air is injected into the tube blank by adopting the air pressure loading curve, so that the large end and the small end of the tube blank are synchronously deformed, and the basically same maximum strain rate is obtained.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the air pressure loading curve in the step two is
Wherein p (T) is the required forming pressure under the condition of temperature T, T is the wall thickness of the tube blank, r is the inner radius of the tube blank, and sigmasAnd (T) is the yield strength of the tube blank under the condition of the temperature T.
Preferably, the shapes of the cross sections of the two ends of the tube blank in the second step are different, the tube blank is a conical tube blank with one large end and one small end, and the cross section of the tube blank is circular, elliptical or polygonal.
Preferably, the thickness of the tube blank in the second step is 1mm-6mm, the maximum size of the outer diameter or the outer contour of the cross section of the tube blank is 20mm-3000mm, and the length of the tube blank is 100mm-2000 mm.
Preferably, the material of the tube blank in the second step is titanium alloy, and the titanium alloy comprises near alpha type and alpha + beta type titanium alloy.
Preferably, the temperature of the small end of the tube blank in the second step is 650-850 ℃, and the temperature of the small end of the tube blank is lower than the phase transition temperature of the material of the tube blank.
Preferably, the compressed gas in step two is compressed air, or compressed argon gas, or compressed nitrogen gas, or compressed helium gas.
Preferably, the cross section of the hollow variable cross-section component obtained in the second step is circular or elliptical or polygonal or irregular, and the axial shape of the large cross-section differential component obtained in the second step is a straight line or a curve or a space curve in a plane.
The invention also provides a differential temperature air pressure forming device of the large-section-difference titanium alloy pipe fitting for implementing the differential temperature air pressure forming method of the large-section-difference titanium alloy pipe fitting, which comprises a large-end punch, a small-end punch and an upper die water-cooling plate, an upper die heat-insulating plate, an upper die block, a lower die heat-insulating plate and a lower die water-cooling plate which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the middle part of the upper die block is provided with an upper die partition heat-insulating plate, the middle part of the lower die block is provided with a lower die partition heat-insulating plate, the upper die block and the lower die block are both provided with a heating element and a thermocouple, the upper die block is provided with an upper cavity body, the lower die block is provided with a lower cavity body, the upper cavity body and the lower cavity body jointly form a forming cavity, the large-end punch is matched with the large end of the forming cavity, one end of the big-end punch is provided with a big-end punch heat insulation plate, the center of the big-end punch is provided with an air inlet communicated with the cavity, the outer side of the small-end punch is sleeved with a small-end punch heating ring, and one end of the small-end punch is provided with a small-end punch heat insulation plate.
Preferably, the upper module is divided into a large end upper module and a small end upper module by the upper die partition heat insulation plate, the lower module is divided into a large end lower module and a small end lower module by the lower die partition heat insulation plate, the large end upper module is matched with the large end lower module, the small end upper module is matched with the small end lower module, the heating elements comprise a large end heating element and a small end heating element, the large end heating element is respectively arranged on the large end upper module and the large end lower module, the small end heating element is respectively arranged on the small end upper module and the small end lower module, the thermocouples comprise a large end thermocouple and a small end thermocouple, the large end thermocouple is arranged on the large end lower module, and the small end thermocouple is arranged on the small end lower module.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the forming temperature of different deformation areas of the tube blank can be controlled by regulating and controlling the temperature distribution of different areas of the die, and the problem of asynchronous forming of different deformation areas caused by the difference of the sections of the tube blank during integral heating air pressure forming is solved;
2. by reasonably selecting the temperatures of different areas and designing the air pressure loading curve under the differential temperature condition, the combination of the temperature and the air pressure can be utilized, so that the pipe fitting can realize the near-uniform strain rate forming at different positions under the same air pressure action, and the uniformity of the wall thickness distribution can be improved;
3. when the differential temperature forming is carried out, local heating and temperature control are carried out according to the forming requirement of the pipe fitting, so that excessive heating of the large end of the pipe blank is avoided, or excessive air pressure is applied to the large end of the pipe blank, the forming efficiency is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a titanium alloy pipe with a large cross-section difference;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a titanium alloy tube blank with a large section difference;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a differential temperature and air pressure forming device for large-section differential titanium alloy pipe fittings according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the differential temperature and pressure forming principle of the large-section differential titanium alloy pipe fitting of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the lower mold block and the formed large-section-difference titanium alloy pipe fitting of the present invention;
wherein: 1-pipe fitting, 2-pipe blank, 3-upper die water-cooled plate, 4-upper die heat insulation plate, 5-large end upper module, 6-large end punch heating ring, 7-large end punch, 8-large end punch heat insulation plate, 9-air inlet hole, 10-large end lower module, 11-large end thermocouple, 12-large end heating element, 13-lower die water-cooled plate, 14-lower die heat insulation plate, 15-small end heating element, 16-lower die partition heat insulation plate, 17-small end thermocouple, 18-small end lower module, 19-small end punch heat insulation plate, 20-small end punch, 21-small end punch heating ring, 22-small end upper module, 23-upper die partition heat insulation plate, and 24-cavity.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations and positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing structures and operation, and do not indicate or imply that the portions referred to must have specific orientations to operate in specific orientations, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a differential temperature and air pressure forming method and device for a large-section differential titanium alloy pipe fitting, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, improving the deformation uniformity and forming efficiency and reducing the energy consumption.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
As shown in fig. 1-5: the embodiment provides a differential temperature and air pressure forming method of a large-section differential titanium alloy pipe fitting, which regulates deformation uniformity by heating a die in a subarea manner and comprises the following steps,
s1: arranging different heating elements in different areas of the die, and respectively carrying out temperature measurement and control to realize a differential temperature field with lower temperature at the large end of the die and higher temperature at the small end of the die;
s2: according to the temperature, the diameter, the wall thickness and the material performance of the large end of the tube blank 2 and the small end of the tube blank 2, an air pressure loading curve is designed through calculation, and compressed air is injected into the tube blank 2 by adopting the air pressure loading curve, so that the large end of the tube blank 2 and the small end of the tube blank 2 synchronously deform, and basically the same maximum strain rate is obtained.
Specifically, the cross-sectional shapes of the two ends of the tube blank 2 in the second step are different, the tube blank 2 is a tapered tube blank with one larger end and one smaller end, and the cross-section of the tube blank 2 is preferably circular, elliptical or polygonal. The thickness of the tube blank 2 in the second step is preferably 1mm-6mm, the maximum size of the outer diameter or the outer contour of the cross section of the tube blank 2 is preferably 20mm-3000mm, and the length of the tube blank 2 is preferably 100mm-2000 mm. The material of the tube blank 2 in the second step is preferably titanium alloy, and the titanium alloy comprises near alpha type and alpha + beta type titanium alloy, and mainly comprises but not limited to the following marks: TA15, TA18, TC2, TC4, TC11, TC21, TC31, Ti 55. In the second step, the temperature of the small end of the tube blank 2 is preferably 650-850 ℃, and the temperature of the small end of the tube blank 2 is lower than the phase transition temperature of the material of the tube blank 2, so that the structure uniformity of the large end and the small end after forming is ensured.
The heating temperature of different areas of the die and the air pressure loading curve adopted by air pressure forming can be obtained by adopting mechanical theory calculation according to the parameters of the pipe fitting 1 material such as mechanical property at different temperatures, wall thickness, diameters of different parts and the like, and can also be further optimized through finite element simulation, so that when the pipe blank 2 is formed under the conditions of the temperature field and the air pressure loading, the big end and the small end of the pipe blank deform basically synchronously, and the maximum strain rate is basically the same in the deformation process.
The required forming air pressure of the pipe blank 2 at different temperatures and different diameter parts, and the calculation formula of the air pressure loading curve in the step two is
Wherein p (T) is the required forming pressure under the condition of temperature T, T is the wall thickness of the tube blank 2, r is the inner radius of the tube blank, and sigmas(T) is the yield strength of the tube blank 2 at the temperature T.
The formula does not take into account the change in strain rate caused by the dynamic changes in the diameter and wall thickness of the tube blank 2 as the deformation process progresses. If the strain rate of the whole deformation process needs to be controlled, finite element simulation is needed, and correction is carried out according to a certain experiment.
The compressed gas in the second step is preferably compressed air, or compressed argon gas, or compressed nitrogen gas, or compressed helium gas. The cross section of the hollow variable cross-section part obtained in the step two is preferably circular, oval, polygonal or irregular, and the axial shape of the large cross-section difference part obtained in the step two is preferably a straight line, an in-plane curve or a space curve.
The embodiment also provides a differential temperature and air pressure forming device of the large-section-difference titanium alloy pipe fitting for implementing the differential temperature and air pressure forming method of the large-section-difference titanium alloy pipe fitting, which comprises a large-end punch 7, a small-end punch 8, an upper die water-cooling plate 3, an upper die heat-insulating plate 4, an upper die block, a lower die heat-insulating plate 14 and a lower die water-cooling plate 13 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the middle part of the upper die block is provided with an upper die partition heat-insulating plate 23, the middle part of the lower die block is provided with a lower die partition heat-insulating plate 16, the upper die block and the lower die block are both provided with a heating element and a thermocouple, the upper die block is provided with an upper cavity body, the lower die block is provided with a lower cavity body, the upper cavity body and the lower cavity body form a forming cavity 24 together, the large-end punch 7 is matched with the large end of the forming cavity 24, an air inlet hole 9 communicated with a cavity 24 is formed in the center of the large-end punch 7, a small-end punch heating ring 21 is sleeved on the outer side of the small-end punch 20, and a small-end punch heat insulation plate 19 is arranged at one end of the small-end punch 20.
Specifically, the upper module is divided into a big end upper module 5 and a small end upper module 22 through an upper die partition heat insulation plate 23, the lower module is divided into a big end lower module 10 and a small end lower module 18 through a lower die partition heat insulation plate 16, the big end upper module 5 is matched with the big end lower module 10, the small end upper module 22 is matched with the small end lower module 18, the heating element comprises a big end heating element 12 and a small end heating element 15, the big end upper module 5 is provided with the big end heating element 12 on the big end lower module 10, the small end upper module 22 is provided with the small end heating element 15 on the small end lower module 18, the thermocouple comprises a big end thermocouple 11 and a small end thermocouple 17, the big end thermocouple 11 is arranged on the big end lower module 10, and the small end thermocouple 17 is arranged on the small end lower module 18.
For a titanium alloy large-section difference pipe fitting with a straight line axis, the differential temperature air pressure forming method is specifically completed according to the following steps:
(1) and (3) heating the mould in a subarea manner and controlling the axial temperature gradient. To achieve zone heating, the forming die is divided into four main sections: a large end upper module 5, a large end lower module 10, a small end lower module 18 and a small end upper module 22. In order to reduce the heat loss of the die, an upper die heat insulation plate 4 and a lower die heat insulation plate 14 are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the die, and in order to prevent the heat from influencing the press, an upper die water cooling plate 3 and a lower die water cooling plate 13 are respectively arranged on the outer layers of the upper die heat insulation plate 4 and the lower die heat insulation plate 1. Arranging different heating elements in different areas of the die, specifically, mounting a small end heating element 15 on a small end upper die block 22 and a small end lower die block 18, mounting a large end heating element 12 on a large end upper die block 5 and a large end lower die block 10, additionally arranging an upper die partition heat insulation plate 23 between the large end upper die block 5 and the small end upper die block 22 of the die, and additionally arranging a lower die partition heat insulation plate 16 between the large end lower die block 10 and the small end lower die block 18 to reduce heat transfer at two ends; then, a large-end thermocouple 11 is respectively arranged on the large-end lower module 10, a small-end thermocouple 17 is arranged on the small-end lower module 18, temperature measurement and control of the large-end upper module 5, the large-end lower module 10, the small-end upper module 22 and the small-end lower module 18 are respectively carried out, different areas of the die can be heated to different temperatures, namely the temperature of the large end of the tube blank is heated to T1, the temperature of the small end of the tube blank is heated to T2, and T2 is greater than T1, so that a temperature field with lower large-end temperature and higher small-end temperature is obtained, and the temperature field is specifically shown in FIG. 4. Meanwhile, in order to ensure the temperature of the large-end punch 7 and the small-end punch 20, a large-end punch heating ring 6 and a small-end punch heating ring 21 are respectively sleeved on the outer sides of the large-end punch 7 and the small-end punch 20, and a large-end punch heat insulation plate 8 and a small-end punch heat insulation plate 19 are respectively installed at one ends of the large-end punch 7 and the small-end punch 20, so that the heat loss of the large-end punch 7 and the small-end punch 20 is reduced.
(2) And (5) forming by air pressure. After the set temperature fields are obtained in different areas of the die, the two ends of the tube blank 2 are sealed by using the large-end punch 7 and the small-end punch 20, and then compressed gas is rapidly injected into the tube blank 2 through the air inlet 9 according to the designed air pressure loading curve, so that the tube blank expands and deforms under the action of air pressure p and is attached to the die, and the large-section-difference tube fitting is obtained, as shown in fig. 5.
Taking TC4 titanium alloy tube blank as an example, the strain rate is 0.01s-1Under the conditions, the peak flow stresses at different temperatures are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 TC4 titanium alloy Peak flow stress (Strain Rate 0.01 s)-1)
| Deformation temperature/. degree.C | Peak flow stress/MPa |
| 700 | 354 |
| 800 | 171 |
For a TC4 titanium alloy tube blank, when the wall thickness of the tube blank 2 is 2mm, the radius of the large end of the tube blank 2 is 200mm, and the radius of the small end of the tube blank 2 is 100mm, if the temperature of the large end of the tube blank 2 is 700 ℃ (the peak flow stress is 354MPa), the air pressure required by the forming is 3.54MPa according to the calculation formula of the air pressure loading curve. Under the air pressure, if the small end of the tube blank 2 can be synchronously deformed with the large end of the tube blank 2, the peak flow stress of the small end of the tube blank 2 is still estimated according to a calculation formula of an air pressure loading curve, and the peak flow stress of the small end of the tube blank 2 can be reduced to 171MPa according to the peak flow stress data of TC4 titanium alloy with different temperatures shown in the table 1, and at the moment, if the small end of the tube blank 2 is heated to 800 ℃, so that the small end deformation condition of the tube blank 2 is met.
Under the differential temperature condition that the temperature of the large end of the tube blank 2 is 700 ℃ and the temperature of the small end of the tube blank 2 is 800 ℃, the synchronous deformation of the large end and the small end of the large-section differential pipe fitting can be realized by adopting the air pressure of 3.54 MPa.
In the embodiment, the forming temperatures of different deformation areas of the tube blank 2 can be controlled by regulating and controlling the temperature distribution of different areas of the die, so that the problem of asynchronous forming of the different deformation areas caused by the difference of the sections of the tube blank 2 during integral heating air pressure forming is solved; by reasonably selecting the temperatures of different areas and designing the air pressure loading curve under the differential temperature condition, the combination of the temperature and the air pressure can be utilized, so that the pipe fitting 1 can realize the near-uniform strain rate forming at different positions under the same air pressure action, and the uniformity of the wall thickness distribution can be improved; when the differential temperature forming is carried out, local heating and temperature control are carried out according to the forming requirement of the pipe fitting 1, so that excessive heating of the large end of the pipe blank 2 is avoided, or excessive air pressure is applied to the large end of the pipe blank 2, the forming efficiency is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced.
The principle and the implementation mode of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples in the present specification, and the above descriptions of the examples are only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A differential temperature and air pressure forming method for a large-section differential titanium alloy pipe fitting is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method for regulating and controlling the deformation uniformity by heating the mould in different areas comprises the following steps,
s1: arranging different heating elements in different areas of the die, and respectively carrying out temperature measurement and control to realize a differential temperature field with lower temperature at the large end of the die and higher temperature at the small end of the die;
s2: according to the temperature, the diameter, the wall thickness and the material performance of the large end and the small end of the tube blank, an air pressure loading curve is designed through calculation, and compressed air is injected into the tube blank by adopting the air pressure loading curve, so that the large end and the small end of the tube blank are synchronously deformed, and the basically same maximum strain rate is obtained.
2. The differential temperature and air pressure forming method of the large-section-difference titanium alloy pipe fitting according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the calculation formula of the air pressure loading curve in the step two is
Wherein p (T) is the required forming pressure under the condition of temperature T, T is the wall thickness of the tube blank, r is the inner radius of the tube blank, and sigmasAnd (T) is the yield strength of the tube blank under the condition of the temperature T.
3. The differential temperature and air pressure forming method of the large-section-difference titanium alloy pipe fitting according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: and in the second step, the shapes of the sections of the two ends of the tube blank are different, the tube blank is a conical tube blank with one large end and one small end, and the section of the tube blank is circular, elliptical or polygonal.
4. The differential temperature and air pressure forming method of the large-section-difference titanium alloy pipe fitting according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the second step, the thickness of the tube blank is 1mm-6mm, the maximum size of the outer diameter or the outer contour of the cross section of the tube blank is 20mm-3000mm, and the length of the tube blank is 100mm-2000 mm.
5. The differential temperature and air pressure forming method of the large-section-difference titanium alloy pipe fitting according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: and the material of the tube blank in the second step is titanium alloy, and the titanium alloy comprises near alpha type and alpha + beta type titanium alloy.
6. The differential temperature and air pressure forming method of the large-section-difference titanium alloy pipe fitting according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the second step, the temperature of the small end of the tube blank is 650-850 ℃, and the temperature of the small end of the tube blank is lower than the phase transition temperature of the material of the tube blank.
7. The differential temperature and air pressure forming method of the large-section-difference titanium alloy pipe fitting according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: and in the second step, the compressed gas is compressed gas of air, compressed gas of argon, compressed gas of nitrogen or compressed gas of helium.
8. The differential temperature and air pressure forming method of the large-section-difference titanium alloy pipe fitting according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the section of the hollow variable-section pipe fitting obtained in the step two is circular, elliptical, polygonal or special-shaped, and the axis shape of the large-section-difference pipe fitting obtained in the step two is a straight line, a curve in a plane or a space curve.
9. A differential pressure forming device for large-section-difference titanium alloy pipe fittings for implementing the differential pressure forming method of any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising the following steps: the punching die comprises a big-end punching head, a small-end punching head, and an upper die water-cooling plate, an upper die heat-insulating plate, an upper module, a lower die heat-insulating plate and a lower die water-cooling plate which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the middle part of the upper module is provided with an upper die partition heat-insulating plate, the middle part of the lower module is provided with a lower die partition heat-insulating plate, the upper module and the lower module are both provided with heating elements and thermocouples, the upper module is provided with an upper cavity, the lower module is provided with a lower cavity, the upper cavity and the lower cavity jointly form a forming cavity, the big-end punching head is matched with the big end of the forming cavity, the small-end punching head is matched with the small end of the forming cavity, the outside of the big-end punching head is sleeved with a big-end punching head heating ring, one end of the big-end punching head is provided with a big-, and a small-end punch heat insulation plate is arranged at one end of the small-end punch.
10. The differential temperature and air pressure forming device for the large-section-difference titanium alloy pipe fitting according to claim 9, wherein: the upper module is divided into a big end upper module and a small end upper module through the upper die partition heat insulation plate, the lower module is divided into a big end lower module and a small end lower module through the lower die partition heat insulation plate, the big end upper module is matched with the big end lower module, the small end upper module is matched with the small end lower module, the heating element comprises a big end heating element and a small end heating element, the big end heating element is respectively arranged on the big end upper module and the big end lower module, the small end heating element is respectively arranged on the small end upper module and the small end lower module, the thermocouple comprises a big end thermocouple and a small end thermocouple, the big end thermocouple is arranged on the big end lower module, and the small end thermocouple is arranged on the small end lower module.
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| CN111558645B (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-10-16 | 天津天锻航空科技有限公司 | Method and device for forming part by conical rubber cylinder |
| CN112570579B (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2022-07-08 | 南昌航空大学 | Forming device and method for realizing pipe end necking thickening by accurately controlling temperature in different areas |
| CN112642916B (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2022-04-19 | 北京星航机电装备有限公司 | Integrated forming die and forming method for large-reducing-ratio special-shaped titanium alloy thin-wall part |
| CN112935729B (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2023-01-31 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Uniformity control method for large-diameter-variable double-cone part during superplastic forming |
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| DE10220429B4 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2006-03-02 | Amborn, Peter, Dr.-Ing. | Method for producing a hollow metal body |
| CN101134218A (en) * | 2006-08-29 | 2008-03-05 | 旭生自行车工业股份有限公司 | Tube forming device and method thereof |
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