CN109479059B - 用于容器流量的传输层等级标识和隔离的系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于容器流量的传输层等级标识和隔离的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN109479059B
CN109479059B CN201780044425.4A CN201780044425A CN109479059B CN 109479059 B CN109479059 B CN 109479059B CN 201780044425 A CN201780044425 A CN 201780044425A CN 109479059 B CN109479059 B CN 109479059B
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塞巴斯蒂安·朱克
贡萨洛·萨尔盖罗
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
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    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
    • G06F9/455—Emulation; Interpretation; Software simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
    • G06F9/45533—Hypervisors; Virtual machine monitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/20—Traffic policing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
    • H04L49/70—Virtual switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/02—Protocols based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/34—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications involving the movement of software or configuration parameters 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/30—Definitions, standards or architectural aspects of layered protocol stacks
    • H04L69/32—Architecture of open systems interconnection [OSI] 7-layer type protocol stacks, e.g. the interfaces between the data link level and the physical level
    • H04L69/322—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions
    • H04L69/326—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the transport layer [OSI layer 4]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2101/00—Indexing scheme associated with group H04L61/00
    • H04L2101/60—Types of network addresses
    • H04L2101/618—Details of network addresses
    • H04L2101/659—Internet protocol version 6 [IPv6] addresses

Abstract

公开了提供容器流量的传输等级的标识和隔离的系统和方法。该方法包括：在网络中的组件处接收具有数据字段的分组；在网络层处从数据字段提取容器标识数据；以及在组件处基于容器标识数据向分组应用策略。数据字段可以包括IPv4分组的报头、IPv6扩展报头、服务功能链容器标识、网络服务报头、以及可选字段中的一者。

Description

用于容器流量的传输层等级标识和隔离的系统和方法
技术领域
本公开涉及可以用来使能基于每个容器的策略实施的网络层上的容器标识机制。
背景技术
容器定义了容宿云环境中的工作负荷的不同方式。尽管存在标识基于容器的工作负荷的诸如，DOCKER、DOCKERSWARM、CLOUDIFY之类的容器编排包，但是编排是对于编排层局部显著的并且不在网络上传输。
假定基于以下示例容器的部署：在横跨多个计算节点分布的容器集群上部署两个不同的基于HTTP的应用。每个应用独立于其他不同容器运行，但是可以共享相同的计算节点。此时，在不能唯一地标识相同计算节点上的运行相同应用但提供不同服务的容器的条件下，无法应用策略或其他网络功能。IP、TCP/UDP端口、或其他HTTP专用区分器不足以区分相同计算节点上(或横跨计算节点)的容器并在网络上标识它们。
附图说明
结合附图通过下面的详细描述将很容易理解本公开，其中：
图1示出了根据本公开的一方面的计算设备的基本计算组件。
图2示出了应用本公开的一般背景。
图3示出了应用本公开的网络的另一方面。
图4示出了示例方法。
具体实施方式
概述
独立权利要求给出了本发明的多个方面，从属权利要求给出了优选特征。一方面的特征可以单独或与其他方面结合应用于每个方面。
本公开解决了以上针对编排处理到编排层的定位所引发的问题。本文公开了实现标识并隔离网络上的基于容器的工作负荷的能力的新处理，这可以打开系统可以向流量应用网络技术的很多强大用例(QoS/优先级、计费/计帐、基于容器的策略实施、基于云的分类等)。本公开提供了试图解决缺少在传输层对容器发起或以容器为目的地的流进行标识和隔离的概念。
公开了提供容器流量的传输等级标识和隔离的系统和方法。该方法包括：在网络中的组件处接收具有数据字段的分组；在网络层处从数据字段提取容器标识数据；以及在上述组件处基于容器标识数据向分组应用策略。数据字段可以包括以下各项中的一者或多者：IP分组的报头、IP(例如，IPv4或IPv6)扩展报头、服务功能链容器标识、网络服务报头、以及可选字段。
向分组应用策略可以包括基于每个容器或每个容器流应用策略。策略可以与QoS、优先级、计费、计帐、基于云的分类、基于容器的策略、和/或基于工作负荷的策略中的至少一者相关联。另外，在上述组件处向分组应用策略可以基于容器标识并且还可以包括向与分组相关联的工作负荷应用策略。
还描述了包括网络节点的用于执行本文描述的方法的系统和装置、编码在有形介质上的用于执行所述方法的计算机程序、计算机程序产品、计算机可读介质、以及逻辑。
描述
本公开解决了上述问题，并且提供了用于在横跨很多容器分发工作负荷时管理分组流的方案。横跨容器分发工作负荷是非常需要的部署应用的方法。相比虚拟机，容器是轻量、快速、并且容易大量生产和破坏的。随着对基于容器的部署的兴趣越来越大，网络必须适应容器专用的流量模式。诸如DOCKER和LINUX CONTAINERS(LXC)之类的容器技术用于运行单个应用，而不代表完全的机器虚拟化。容器可以提供完整的运行时环境：被绑定到一个包中的应用加上其所有附属元素、库和其他二进制数以及运行应用所需要的配置文件。通过对应用平台及其附属元素进行容器化，操作系统分发和下层基础架构中的差异被抽象出来。
利用虚拟化技术，可以绕过的包是虚拟机并且其包括整个操作系统和应用。运行三个虚拟机的物理服务器将具有系统管理程序和在其上运行的三个单独的操作系统。相反，利用DOCKER运行三个容器化应用的服务器运行单个操作系统，并且每个容器与其他容器共享操作系统内核。操作系统的共享部分是只读的，同时每个容器具有其自身的用于写入的挂载(即，访问容器的方式)。这意味着容器相比虚拟机更加轻量并且使用更少的资源。
还存在提供用于在使用单个Linux内核的控制主机上运行多个单独Linux系统(容器)的操作系统级虚拟化方法的其他容器，例如，LXC。这些容器被看作更改根目录操作(chroot)(更改当前运行的处理的明显根目录的操作)和完全成熟的虚拟机之间的东西。它们试图在不需要单独内核的条件下创建尽可能接近Linux安装的环境。
本公开可以应用于“容器”的任何定义。本公开专注于容器以及如何改善对容器中的应用的处理的管理。
本公开引入了专用于容器的分类/标识/隔离方法，以填补这些部署当前面对的空白。所引入的标识机制允许在网络元件中唯一地标识容器和它们的流量(根据从集群到整个云提供商网络的范围内的内容)。
本公开首先转向图1，图1公开了可以应用于本公开的系统示例的一些基本硬件组件。根据对基本示例硬件组件的讨论，本公开将转向对容器流量的标识和隔离。参考图1，示例性系统和/或计算设备100包括处理单元(CPU或处理器)110和系统总线105，其中，系统总线105将诸如只读存储器(ROM)120和随机存取存储器(RAM)125之类的包括系统存储器115在内的各种系统组件耦合到处理器110。系统100可以包括与处理器110直接连接、邻近处理器110、或者集成为处理器110的一部分的缓存112。系统100将数据从存储器115、120和/或125和/或存储设备130复制到缓存112，以供处理器110快速存取。这样，缓存提供了避免处理器110在等待数据时发生延迟的性能提升。这些和其他模块可以控制或被配置为控制处理器110执行各种操作或动作。其他系统存储器115也可用。存储器115可以包括具有不同性能特性的多个不同类型的存储器。可以明白的是，本公开可以在具有一个以上处理器110的计算设备100上或者在联网在一起以提供更大处理能力的计算设备的群组或集群上操作。处理器110可以包括任何通用处理器和硬件模块或软件模块(例如，在存储设备130中存储的被配置为控制处理器110的模块1 132、模块2 134、模块3 136)以及专用处理器(在软件指令被结合在该处理器中的情况下)。处理器110可以是包含多个核或处理器、总线、存储器控制器、缓存等的自包含计算系统。多核处理器可以是对称或非对称的。处理器110可以包括多个处理器，例如，具有不同套接口中的多个物理上分离的处理器的系统、或者具有单个物理芯片上的多个处理器核的系统。类似地，处理器110可以包括位于多个不同的计算设备中但是通过通信网络一起工作的多个分布式处理器。多个处理器或处理器核可以共享诸如存储器115或缓存112之类的资源，或者可以使用独立的资源进行操作。处理器110可以包括以下各项中的一者或多者：状态机、专用集成电路(ASIC)、或包括现场PGA的可编程门阵列(PGA)。
系统总线105可以为包括存储器总线或存储器控制器、外围总线、以及使用各种总线架构中的任意一种的局部总线在内的多种类型的总线结构中的任意总线结构。ROM 120中存储的基本输入/输出系统(BIOS)等可以提供有助于例如在启动期间在计算设备100内的元件之间传输信息的基本例程。计算设备100还包括存储设备130或计算机可读存储介质(例如，硬盘驱动、磁盘驱动、光盘驱动、磁带驱动、固态驱动、RAM驱动、可移除存储设备、廉价磁盘冗余阵列(RAID)、混合存储设备等)。存储设备130通过驱动接口连接到系统总线105。驱动器和相关联的计算机可读存储设备提供计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块、以及用于计算设备100的其他数据的非易失性存储。一方面，执行特定功能的硬件模块包括存储在有形计算机可读存储设备中的软件组件，该软件组件和必要的硬件组件(例如，处理器110、总线105、诸如显示器135的输出设备等)相关地执行特定功能。另一方面，系统可以使用处理器和计算机可读存储设备来存储在被处理器执行时使得处理器执行操作、方法、或其他特定动作的指令。可以根据设备的类型(例如，计算设备100是否是小型手持计算设备、桌面计算机、或计算机服务器)来修改基本组件和适当变形。当处理器110执行指令以执行“操作”时，处理器110可以直接执行操作和/或辅助或指导另一设备或组件或者与另一设备或组件协作执行操作。
尽管本文描述的(一个或多个)示例性实施例采用了诸如硬盘130之类的存储设备，但是可以存储计算机可存取的数据的其他类型的计算机可读存储设备(例如，磁带盒、闪存卡、数字通用盘(DVD)、录音带盒、随机存取存储器(RAM)125、只读存储器(ROM)120、包含比特流的线缆等)也可以用在示例性操作环境中。根据本公开，有形计算机可读存储介质、计算机可读存储设备、计算机可读存储介质、以及计算机可读存储器设备明确地排除诸如暂态波、能量、载波信号、电磁波、信号本身等之类的介质。
为了使能与计算设备100的用户交互，输入设备145代表诸如用于语音的麦克风、用于姿势或图形输入的触敏屏、键盘、鼠标、运动输入、语音等之类的任意数目的输入机构。输出设备135也可以是本领域技术人员已知的多种输出机构中的一种或多种。在一些实例中，多模态系统使得用户能够提供多种类型的输入来与计算设备100通信。通信接口140总地控制并管理用户输入和系统输出。对于任何特定硬件布置上的操作没有限制，因此所描绘的基本硬件可以很容易地被替换为经改进的硬件或固件布置(当这些经改进的硬件或固件布置被开发出来时)。
为了解释清楚，给出的说明性系统实施例被示出为包括单独的功能模块，这些功能模块包括被标记为“处理器”或处理器110的功能块。可以通过使用共享或专用硬件来提供这些功能块所代表的功能，这些共享或专用硬件包括但不限于，能够执行软件的硬件、和诸如被专门设置以作为通用处理器上执行的软件的等同物进行操作的处理器110之类的硬件。例如，图1所示的一个或多个处理器的功能可以由单个共享处理器或多个处理器提供。(术语“处理器”的使用不应该被理解为排他地指代能够执行软件的硬件)。说明性实施例可以包括微处理器和/或数字信号处理器(DSP)硬件、用于存储执行以下描述的操作的软件的只读存储器(ROM)120、以及用于存储结果的随机存取存储器(RAM)125。还可以提供超大规模集成(VLSI)硬件实施例、以及定制VLSI电路与通用DSP电路的组合。
各种实施例的逻辑操作被实现为：(1)计算机执行的步骤、操作、或通用计算机中的可编程电路上运行的进程的序列；(2)计算机执行的步骤、操作、或专用可编程电路上运行的进程的序列；和/或(3)可编程电路中的互连机器模块或程序引擎。图1所示的系统100可以实施所陈述的方法和步骤的全部或一部分，可以作为所陈述的系统的一部分，和/或可以根据所陈述的有形计算机可读存储设备中的指令进行操作。这些逻辑操作可以被实现为被配置为控制处理器110根据该模块的编程来执行特定功能的模块。例如，图1示出了三个模块Mod1 132、Mod2 134、和Mod3136，这些模块被配置为控制处理器110。这些模块可以被存储在存储设备130中并且在运行时被加载到RAM 125或存储器115中，或者可以被存储在其他计算机可读存储器位置中。
示例计算设备100的一个或多个部分，甚至包括整个计算设备100可以被虚拟化。例如，虚拟处理器可以是根据特定指令集执行的软件对象(甚至在与虚拟处理器相同类型的物理处理器不可用时)。虚拟“主机”或虚拟化层可以通过将虚拟化操作转换为实际操作，来使能一个或多个不同计算设备或设备类型的虚拟化组件。但是，最终，每种类型的虚拟化硬件由一些下层物理硬件执行或实现。因此，虚拟化计算层可以在物理计算层上操作。虚拟化计算层可以包括虚拟机、覆盖网络、系统管理程序、虚拟交换、以及任何其他虚拟化应用中的一者或多者。
处理器110可以包括本文公开的所有类型的处理器(包括虚拟处理器在内)。但是，在提到虚拟处理器时，处理器110包括与执行虚拟化层中的虚拟处理器相关联的软件组件和执行虚拟化层所必需的下层硬件。系统100可以包括接收存储在计算机可读存储设备中的指令的物理或虚拟处理器110，这些指令可以使处理器110执行某些操作。当提到虚拟处理器110时，该系统还包括执行虚拟处理器110的下层物理硬件。
本公开现在转到图2和图3，图2和图3示出了可以应用本文公开的概念的示例环境。图2示出了具有多个连接在一起的容器202、204、206、210、212、214的环境200。环境200可以包括一个或多个网络(例如，私人或公共网络)、数据中心、系统(例如，服务器、交换机等)等。另外，容器202、204、206、210、212、214可以容宿在一个或多个系统上。例如，容器202、204、206、210、212、214可以容宿在不同的服务器或交换机上。在其他情况中，容器202、204、206、210、212、214中的一些容器可以容宿在同一系统上。
示出了将被路由到容器之一的分组208。不同数据字段的示例216示出作为分组的一部分的IPv6报头、IPv6扩展报头、远程过程调用(RPC)容器标识、和/或DST容器ID可以被用来存储可以用来实现本文公开的操作的数据。下面的公开大概示出了若干可能的、非限制性的示例。首先，系统可以使用IPv6扩展报头。容器分类符/标识符可以在可用的可选扩展报头之一中被发送。这种方法允许对容器专用的IPv6扩展报头的可高度定制的定义。另一种可能实施方式可以是使用来自云环境内的服务功能链(SFC)的网络服务报头(NSH)并将容器ID并入到NSH报头的元数据字段(类型1或类型2)中。对于传统网络，对容器ID的支持也可以被并入到IPv4分组的可选字段中。
通过为网络上的容器引入分类机制，可以基于每个容器应用策略。对容器的分类/标识可以是扩展云环境所必需的现有分类方法的一种途径。其可以与例如通用云分类符UCC(律师归档No.CPOL 998155，通过引用结合于此)结合使用来提供对容器上的工作负荷的精细粒度的隔离，同时使得云实体在网络层(例如，OSI模型的层3或网络的某其他层)可见。
基于问题区域概括给出的示例，本公开提供了如何通过所提出的容器标识符来解决上述问题的简要描述。图3示出了跨越多个计算节点308、310的不同基于HTTP的应用302、304、306的典型容器化集群部署300。在这里，使用HTTP应用作为非限制性示例用于说明目的。本文给出的方法可以利用任何其他类型的应用实现。
HTTP应用1(306)利用三个容器320跨越两个计算节点308、310(类似于在跨越两个节点308、310的三个容器322上运行的HTTP应用2(304))。另一方面，HTTP应用3(302)仅在容宿在计算节点310上的一个容器324内运行。
能够基于去往容器320、322、324中的每个容器的流来在虚拟交换机312、314上应用策略，并且由于网络层上没有针对容器本身的区分标识符，所以难以实现相应的HTTP应用302、304、306。当应用容宿在相同端口上时，容器依赖于用于外部连通性的主机。通过在网络层引入容器标识符，可以横跨互连网络节点的物理设备(在图3中示出为交换机312、314)或者通过其他网络功能(例如，防火墙、服务质量等)在虚拟交换机316、318上的计算节点内实施策略。
在网络层上使用容器标识符的优点包括，该处理丰富了目前容器被用于部署应用和运行分布式工作负荷的方式。容器标识符使得能够针对容器专用或容器集群部署的工作负荷来实施基于每个容器的策略。容器标识可以是网络上的软件容器。该处理还使能对网络层上的容器及其资产(例如，流量流)的分类和隔离，并且使能基于每个容器或每个容器流的策略实施。
图4示出了方法示例。该方法包括在网络中的组件处(例如，节点308)接收具有数据字段的分组(例如，分组208)(402)。数据字段可以包括容器标识数据和其他信息，如示例216所示。在一些示例中，数据字段可以包括IPv4分组的报头、IPv6扩展报头、服务功能链容器标识、网络服务报头、和可选字段等。
该方法还可以包括在网络层(例如，OSI模型的层3)从数据字段提取容器标识数据(404)。容器标识数据可以包括例如，容器标识符(例如，唯一容器ID)、容器名称、容器地址(例如，容器IP地址、容器VLAN等)、容器主机(例如，主机名、主机地址等)、容器类型等。一方面，可以根据容器类型的知识及所接收到的其他数据(例如，历史流量模式)推导出容器标识符。
该方法还可以包括在组件处(例如，节点308、虚拟交换机316、或交换机312)基于容器标识数据向分组应用策略(406)。
向分组应用策略可以包括基于每个容器或每个容器流应用策略。策略可以与QoS(服务质量)、优先级、计费、计帐、基于云的分类、基于容器的策略、和/或基于工作负荷的策略相关联。另外，策略可以包括一个或多个规则或要求，例如，防火墙规则、性能规则(例如，吞吐量、延时等)、路由规则、分类规则、应用规则、服务规则等。
另外，在组件处基于容器标识向分组应用策略还包括向与分组相关联的工作负荷应用策略。
系统还可以被配置为区分容器上运行的应用(即，以上公开的应用)和应用的微服务及相关容器。例如，较大的应用现在可以被分割为被称为微服务的较小块，这些微服务分别位于相应的容器中。在一些情况中，在向来自应用(及其微服务)的流量应用策略时，使用更细的粒度可能是有价值的。可以使用对容器的相互关联的性质进行组织的新型结构。这种新型结构可以采用多种不同形式。例如，层级法可以将应用容器ID用作根ID并将微服务容器ID用作子ID来应用。微服务还可以具有向层级添加另一层的进一步的微服务。
在向根ID应用策略的情况下，可以以自动流向子ID(及进一步的子ID)的方式来应用策略。另外，粒度法可以包括根据诸如(容器中的应用和不同容器中的微服务中的一者或多者的)当前性能、预测性能、资源可用性、SLA、微服务类型之类的多个不同因素来向子ID应用策略的一部分。因此，可以如下配置一个策略，其中，根据与根ID和子ID(及进一步的子ID)相关联的容器之间的关系，该策略在层级式ID结构中的应用可以是整个策略或策略的一部分。也可以应用单独的策略。
在一些情况中，容器子ID可以具有比根ID更高的优先级，因为特定服务对于应用的总体成功是非常重要的。可以基于每个相应ID的优先级或状态应用策略和/或策略的一部分。因此，在具有不同ID(层级、水平等)的容器之间相互关联的情况下，相应ID的状态可以控制应用策略的程度。不同的策略也可以应用于不同类型的ID。因此，ID可以分级(例如，1-10级)、评分(高值、中值、低值)、或基于类型(以数据为中心、以处理器为中心、以带宽为中心、严格SLA要求等)。换言之，ID的类型可以与应用或微服务所提供的服务的种类有关。应用哪个策略或策略的哪个部分可以至少部分地基于这些因素中的任意一个因素。例如，每个ID可以具有所指派的类型和值。一个微服务可以是具有高值的以数据为中心的服务。
另一方面，可以更加水平地组织ID，其中，具有容器ID的应用具有对应的微服务ID，但是它们更多地被认为是姐妹ID而不是根ID和子ID。这是更少层级的方法。在本示例中，ID可以更多地被认为是等同ID，它们可以基于任意数目的参数或因素。在这方面，一个示例可以是策略自动等同地横跨所有相同等级的ID和/或一部分子ID来应用。水平结构中的每个ID也可以具有与其相关联的参数，例如，类型、值、比例等。这些参数可以使得应用不同策略或策略的不同部分。当然，容器ID的组织可以是竖直和水平方法的混合，其具有控制策略如何在各种ID之间流动或者在各种ID之间相关联的各种因子。
这些示例被认为是说明性的而非限制性的，并且示例不限于本文给出的细节，但是可以在所附权利要求的范围内进行修改。
记载了一组中的“至少一个”的权利要求语言指示一组中的一个成员或一组中的多个成员满足该权利要求。例如，记载了“A和B中的至少一者”的权利要求语言可以仅包括A、仅包括B、或者包括A和B二者。

Claims (18)

1.一种用于容器流量的传输层等级标识和隔离的方法，包括：
在网络中的组件处接收具有数据字段的分组；
在网络层处从所述数据字段提取容器标识数据，该容器标识数据标识所述网络上的软件容器；以及
在所述组件处基于所述容器标识数据向所述分组应用策略，其中，所述数据字段包括以下各项中的一者：IPv4分组的报头、IPv6扩展报头、服务功能链容器标识、网络服务报头、以及可选字段。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，向所述分组应用所述策略包括基于每个容器或每个容器流应用所述策略。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述策略与以下各项中的至少一者相关联：QoS、优先级、计费、计帐、基于云的分类、基于容器的策略、以及基于工作负荷的策略。
4.如权利要求2所述的方法，其中，在所述组件处基于所述容器标识数据向所述分组应用策略还包括向与所述分组相关联的工作负荷应用所述策略。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述组件包括虚拟交换机。
6.一种用于容器流量的传输层等级标识和隔离的系统，包括：
一个或多个处理器；以及
计算机可读介质，存储有指令，该指令在被所述一个或多个处理器执行时使得所述一个或多个处理器执行包括以下各项的操作：
在网络中的组件处接收具有数据字段的分组；
在网络层处从所述数据字段提取容器标识数据；以及
在所述组件处基于所述容器标识数据向所述分组应用策略其中，所述数据字段包括以下各项中的一者：IPv4分组的报头、IPv6扩展报头、服务功能链容器标识、网络服务报头、以及可选字段。
7.如权利要求6所述的系统，其中，向所述分组应用所述策略包括基于每个容器或每个容器流应用所述策略。
8.如权利要求6所述的系统，其中，所述策略与以下各项中的至少一者相关联：QoS、优先级、计费、计帐、基于云的分类、基于容器的策略、基于工作负荷的策略。
9.如权利要求7所述的系统，其中，在所述组件处基于所述容器标识数据向所述分组应用策略还包括向与所述分组相关联的工作负荷应用所述策略。
10.如权利要求6所述的系统，其中，所述组件包括虚拟交换机。
11.一种计算机可读存储设备，存储有指令，该指令在被处理器执行时使得所述处理器执行包括以下各项的操作：
在网络中的组件处接收具有数据字段的分组；
在网络层处从所述数据字段提取容器标识数据；以及
在所述组件处基于所述容器标识数据向所述分组应用策略，其中，所述数据字段包括以下各项中的一者：IPv4分组的报头、IPv6扩展报头、服务功能链容器标识、网络服务报头、以及可选字段。
12.如权利要求11所述的计算机可读存储设备，其中，向所述分组应用所述策略包括基于每个容器或每个容器流应用所述策略。
13.如权利要求11所述的计算机可读存储设备，其中，所述策略与以下各项中的至少一者相关联：QoS、优先级、计费、计帐、基于云的分类、基于容器的策略、基于工作负荷的策略。
14.如权利要求12所述的计算机可读存储设备，其中，在所述组件处基于所述容器标识数据向所述分组应用策略还包括向与所述分组相关联的工作负荷应用所述策略。
15.如权利要求11所述的计算机可读存储设备，其中，所述组件包括虚拟交换机。
16.一种用于容器流量的传输层等级标识和隔离的装置，包括：
用于在网络中的组件处接收具有数据字段的分组的部件；
用于在网络层处从所述数据字段提取容器标识数据的部件，所述容器标识数据标识所述网络上的软件容器；以及
用于在所述组件处基于所述容器标识数据向所述分组应用策略的部件，其中，所述数据字段包括以下各项中的一者：IPv4分组的报头、IPv6扩展报头、服务功能链容器标识、网络服务报头、以及可选字段。
17.如权利要求16所述的装置，还包括：用于执行根据权利要求2至5中任一项所述的方法的部件。
18.一种有形计算机可读介质，其上存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序在被处理器执行时促使所述处理器执行根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法。
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