CN109474957B - Data unloading method based on cognitive picocell and double links - Google Patents

Data unloading method based on cognitive picocell and double links Download PDF

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CN109474957B
CN109474957B CN201811199922.4A CN201811199922A CN109474957B CN 109474957 B CN109474957 B CN 109474957B CN 201811199922 A CN201811199922 A CN 201811199922A CN 109474957 B CN109474957 B CN 109474957B
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徐鼎
刘奔
崔一石
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Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
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Abstract

The invention provides a data unloading method based on a cognitive picocell and double links, which is used in a heterogeneous network, wherein when a macrocell user terminal enters a communication range of a cognitive picocell base station, the macrocell user terminal is simultaneously connected with the macrocell base station and the cognitive picocell base station, and partial or all data are unloaded to the cognitive picocell base station by adopting the data unloading method; the method comprises the steps of constructing a problem model by taking the total data rate of a maximized cognitive picocell user terminal as a target problem, setting constraint conditions, and solving the problem to obtain specific parameters of data unloading. The problems of spectrum shortage and low utilization rate in the cognitive wireless network technology are solved, and the user service data rate is improved.

Description

Data unloading method based on cognitive picocell and double links
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a data unloading method based on cognitive picocells and double links.
Background
With the increasing popularity of mobile terminal devices, the business demand of mobile users for accessing internet services through intelligent terminals is rapidly increasing, and the pressure of macro cellular networks is greatly increased. Therefore, a macro network operator may offload customer traffic in a macro network by deploying a micro-micro cellular network, considering that other network operators have deployed pico-cell base station resources, and the cost of deploying a micro-micro cellular network by the macro network operator itself is relatively high. A macro network operator may lease a pico network that other network operators have deployed. However, other network operators (picocellular network operators) do not lease resources free to macrocellular network operators for use. However, since the spectrum resource is a limited natural resource and can only be used after being authorized by the government, the traditional access control rule limits the potential users to access the spectrum, and limits the improvement of the spectrum utilization rate. Therefore, the macro cellular network operator can optimize the traditional access control rule by using the authorized spectrum resources owned by the macro cellular network operator, so that the spectrum utilization rate is improved, namely, the macro cellular network operator provides data unloading service for the macro cellular network by allowing other network operators (pico cellular network operators) to use the spectrum resources of the macro cellular network operator to replace the cognitive pico cellular base station, and the other network operators (pico cellular network operators) can ensure the service quality of users of the macro cellular network operator.
A method for data offloading based on cognitive picocells and dual links is presented. When a macrocell user terminal moves near a cognitive picocell base station, the macrocell base station and the cognitive picocell base station can be simultaneously connected. The macro cellular user terminal can offload the data part to the cognitive picocell base station, and particularly when the pressure of the macro cellular network is relatively high, the macro cellular user terminal can offload all the data to the cognitive picocell base station, so that the pressure of the macro cellular network is reduced. After the cognitive picocell base station meets the requirements of the macrocell user terminal, the residual frequency spectrum and time resources of the macrocell base station can be used for communication of the picocell user terminal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: in order to solve the technical problem that the traditional macro cellular network cannot meet the continuously increased data flow demand, the invention solves the problems of spectrum shortage and low utilization rate through the cognitive radio network technology, and improves the user service data rate. By the method, the macro-cellular user terminal can unload the data part to the cognitive picocell base station through the double-link technology, and particularly when the pressure of a macro-cellular network is higher, the macro-cellular user terminal can unload all the data to the cognitive picocell base station; the cognitive picocell base station can utilize the remaining time and frequency resources to serve the cognitive picocell base station user terminal on the premise of meeting the service quality of the macrocell user terminal. The invention not only solves the problem of macro cellular network congestion, but also can utilize the residual time and spectrum resources of the macro cellular network to serve and recognize the micro cellular user terminal.
The invention content is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a data unloading method based on a cognitive picocell and double links, which is used in a heterogeneous network, when a macrocell user terminal enters a communication range of a cognitive picocell base station, the macrocell user terminal is simultaneously connected with the macrocell base station and the cognitive picocell base station, and partial or all data are unloaded to the cognitive picocell base station by adopting the data unloading method;
the data unloading method comprises the following steps:
(1) dividing the total data transmission time T in the heterogeneous network into two stages, wherein the time length occupied by the first stage is tau1The duration of the second stage is tau2，τ1Phases for data transmission of macro-cellular user terminals, tau2Phase for data transmission, τ, for cognitive picocell user terminals1+τ2＝T；
(2) Constructing a problem model by taking the maximum total data rate of the cognitive picocell user terminal as a target problem:
Figure BDA0001829467910000021
C1：τ1+τ2＝T，τ1≥0，τ2≥0，
Figure BDA0001829467910000022
Figure BDA0001829467910000023
Figure BDA0001829467910000024
C5：Rp(τ1，pp)+Rps(τ1，pps)≥Rmin
wherein R iss(τ2，ps) Indicating the total data rate, R, of cognitive picocell user terminalsp(τ1，pp) Indicating the total data rate, R, of a macrocell user terminal transmitted to a macrocell base stationps(τ1，pps) Representing a total data rate offloaded by the macrocell user terminal to the cognitive picocell base station; c1 to C5 are constraints,
Figure BDA0001829467910000025
Figure BDA0001829467910000026
Figure BDA0001829467910000027
represents the transmit power at which the macrocell user terminal m transmits data to the macrocell base station,
Figure BDA0001829467910000031
represents the transmit power of the macro cell user terminal m transmitting data to the cognitive pico cell base station,
Figure BDA0001829467910000032
the transmission power of the cognitive picocell user terminal k for transmitting data to the cognitive picocell base station is represented; m represents the total number of macro honeycomb user terminals, and K represents the total number of cognitive pico honeycomb user terminals;
Figure BDA0001829467910000033
represents the maximum transmit power of the cognitive picocell user terminal k,
Figure BDA0001829467910000034
representing the maximum power, R, of a macro-cellular user terminalminRepresents the minimum transmission rate required by the macro cellular user terminal;
(3) solving a problemModel, obtaining tau satisfying constraint conditions C1-C51、τ2、pp、pps、psAccording to τ1、τ2、pp、pps、psAnd carrying out data unloading.
Further, said Rs(τ2，ps)、Rp(τ1，pp)、Rps(τ1，pps) All calculated by shannon formula:
Figure BDA0001829467910000035
Figure BDA0001829467910000036
Figure BDA0001829467910000037
wherein σ2Which is indicative of the power of the background noise,
Figure BDA0001829467910000038
represents the channel gain of the cognitive picocell user terminal k to the cognitive picocell base station,
Figure BDA0001829467910000039
representing the channel gain of the macrocell user terminal m to the macrocell base station,
Figure BDA00018294679100000310
representing the channel gain of the macrocell user terminal m to the cognitive picocell base station.
Further, the method for solving the problem model comprises the steps (3-1) to (3-4) which are sequentially executed:
(3-1) setting convergence accuracy epsilon, wherein epsilon is more than 0; initialization of tau1＝T1，τ2＝T2，T1∈(0，T)，T2∈(0，T)；
(3-2) according to τ1、τ2Solving the problem model to obtain pp、pps、ps；
(3-3) reacting p obtained in the step (3-2)p、pps、psSubstituting the problem model to obtain tau1、τ2；
(3-4) reacting p obtained in the step (2)p、pps、psAnd τ obtained in step (3)1、τ2Substituting the problem model to obtain the total data rate R of the cognitive picocell user terminals(τ2，ps) (ii) a Judgment of Rs(τ2，ps) If the convergence precision epsilon is not reached, stopping the step (3-4) and outputting the current tau1、τ2、pp、pps、ps(ii) a Otherwise, returning to the step (3-2).
Further, in the step (3-2), according to τ1、τ2Finding pp、pps、psThe method comprises the following specific steps:
1) initialization of pp、ppsAny value that satisfies the constraint; select any one of
Figure BDA0001829467910000046
Initializing p as an optimization variablesThe other variables are any values which meet the constraint conditions;
2) will tau1、τ2、pp、pps、psSubstituting into the problem model to obtain
Figure BDA0001829467910000045
The optimal solution of (2);
3) substituting the obtained optimal solution into psFrom psSelecting any one of variables of which optimal solution is not solved
Figure BDA0001829467910000044
As optimization variables, initialization of the division
Figure BDA0001829467910000043
Other variables which are not subjected to optimal solution calculation are any values meeting the constraint conditions, and the step 2) is returned;
4) repeating the steps 2) to 3) until psAll variables in the process are solved to obtain the optimal solution, and the optimized p is outputs；
5) According to τ1、τ2And p obtained in step 4)sOptimization of pp、ppsComprising steps (a) to (e) performed in sequence:
(a) setting convergence precision zeta > 0; initialization of ppsAny value that satisfies the constraint;
(b) according to the formula
Figure BDA0001829467910000041
Computing
Figure BDA0001829467910000042
To obtain pp；
(c) According to τ1、τ2、psAnd p obtained in step b)pSolving the problem model to obtain pps；
(d) Will tau1、τ2、ps、ppAnd ppsSubstituting the problem model to obtain the total data rate R of the cognitive picocell user terminals(τ2，ps) (ii) a Judgment of Rs(τ2，ps) If yes, ending step (d) and outputting ps、ppAnd pps(ii) a Otherwise, returning to the step (b).
Further, according to p in said (3-3)p、pps、psCalculating τ1、τ2Respectively as follows:
Figure BDA0001829467910000051
τ2＝T-τ1。
has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention provides a novel spectrum resource utilization mode based on a cognitive picocell and a double-link data unloading method, and a macrocell network operator replaces a cognitive picocell base station to provide data unloading service for a macrocell network by allowing the cognitive picocell base station operator to use spectrum resources of the cognitive picocell base station operator, so that data congestion of the macrocell network is relieved.
(2) The mode that the cognitive picocell base station uses the macrocell network frequency spectrum resource is designed based on the service quality requirement of the macrocell user terminal, so that the cooperation of the macrocell network and the cognitive picocell network can be promoted, and the service quality of the macrocell user terminal is guaranteed more efficiently.
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FIG. 1 is an overall flow chart of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a diagram of a heterogeneous network model according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings.
The system model considered by the cognitive picocell and dual link based data offloading method proposed by the present invention is shown in fig. 2. The system consists of a macro cellular base station, M macro cellular user terminals, a cognitive picocell base station and K cognitive picocell user terminals.
The parameters in the system model are set as follows:
Figure BDA0001829467910000056
respectively representing the transmitting power of a macrocell user terminal m to a macrocell base station, the transmitting power of the macrocell user terminal m to a cognitive picocell base station and the transmitting power of a cognitive picocell user terminal k to the cognitive picocell base station;
Figure BDA0001829467910000054
representing the maximum transmit power of the macro cellular user terminal,
Figure BDA0001829467910000055
representing the maximum transmit power of the cognitive picocell user terminal. Order to
Figure BDA0001829467910000052
Figure BDA0001829467910000053
Assuming that the total data transmission time is T, T is divided into tau1，τ2Two phases, τ1Phases for data transmission of macro-cellular user terminals, tau2The phase is used for data transmission of the cognitive picocell user terminal. When a macro user terminal moves into the vicinity of a cognitive picocell base station, it can connect to both the macrocell base station and the cognitive picocell base station. The macrocell user terminal can transmit data to the macrocell base station and can offload data to the cognitive picocell base station. Let Rp(τ1，pp) Indicating the total data rate, R, of a macrocell user terminal transmitted to a macrocell base stationps(τ1，pps) Indicating the total data rate, R, offloaded by a macrocell user terminal to a cognitive picocell base stations(τ2，ps) Representing the total data rate that the femtocell user terminal sends to the cognitive femtocell base station. To guarantee the quality of service of the macrocell user terminal, the total transmission rate R of the macrocell user terminal isp(τ1，pp)+Rps(τ1，pps) Is greater than the minimum transmission rate R required by the macro cellular user terminalmin。
Wherein R isp(τ1，pp)，Rps(τ1，pps) And Rs(τ2ps) Can be obtained according to the Shannon formula, Rp(τ1，pp)，Rps(τ1，pps) And Rs(τ2ps) The expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0001829467910000061
Figure BDA0001829467910000062
Figure BDA0001829467910000063
on the basis of meeting the speed requirement of a macro-cellular user terminal, the total data rate of the cognitive pico-cellular user terminal is maximized, and the problems are as follows:
Figure BDA0001829467910000064
C1：τ1+τ2＝T，τ1≥0，τ2≥0，
Figure BDA0001829467910000065
Figure BDA0001829467910000066
Figure BDA0001829467910000071
C5：Rp(τ1，pp)+Rps(τ1，pps)≥Rmin
constraint C1 indicates that the total transmission time of the macro-cell user terminal and the cognitive pico-cell user terminal is T, constraint C2 indicates that the transmission power of the cognitive pico-cell user terminal should be less than the maximum transmission power, constraint C3, and constraint C4 indicates that the transmission power of the macro-cell user terminal to the macro-cell base station
Figure BDA0001829467910000076
Transmitting power with macro-cellular user terminal to cognitive micro-cellular base station
Figure BDA0001829467910000077
The sum of which is less than the maximum power of the macrocell user terminal and both should be positive. The constraint C5 indicates that the total data rate of the macro-cellular user terminal is greater than the minimum value R of the rate requirementmin。
The overall flow of the cognitive picocell and dual-link-based data unloading method designed by the invention is shown in figure 1, and comprises the following steps:
1) initializing transmission time allocations τ of macro and cognitive pico cellular user terminals1，τ2。
2) Transmission time allocation τ for a given macro and cognitive pico user terminals1，τ2Optimizing transmit power p for macro and cognitive pico cellular user terminalsp，pps，psThe problems are as follows:
Figure BDA0001829467910000072
Figure BDA0001829467910000073
Figure BDA0001829467910000074
Figure BDA0001829467910000075
C5：Rp(τ1，pp)+Rps(τ1，pps)≥Rmin
because the target function is only related to the transmit power of the cognitive picocell user terminalpsIn connection with, but the transmit power p of the macro cellular subscriber terminalp，ppsCan be optimized by constraining C6, C7 and C8. So the optimization is divided into two sub-steps, one sub-step of optimizing the transmission power p of the cognitive picocell user terminalsSubstep two optimization of the transmit power p of the macrocell user terminalp，pps。
3) Transmission power p for a given macrocell and cognitive picocell user terminalsp，pps，psIn case of (2), the transmission time allocation τ of the macro and cognitive pico user terminals is optimized1，τ2The problems are as follows:
Figure BDA0001829467910000081
C1：τ1+τ2＝T，τ1≥0，τ2≥0，
C5：Rp(τ1，pp)+Rps(τ1，pps)≥Rmin
total data rate R sent by cognitive picocell user terminal to cognitive picocell base stations(τ2，ps) Can be calculated from the Shannon equation, which is related to tau2Is increased. From Rp(τ1，pp)+Rps(τ1，pps)＝RminThe following can be obtained:
Figure BDA0001829467910000082
wherein
Figure BDA0001829467910000087
Representing the channel gain of the macrocell user terminal to the macrocell base station,
Figure BDA0001829467910000086
representing macrocellsChannel gain, σ, from user terminal to cognitive picocell base station2Representing the background noise power. And τ is obtained from constraint C12＝T-τ1。
4) According to the transmission power distribution p obtained in the step 2) and the step 3)p，pps，psAnd transmission time allocation τ1，τ2And calculating the total data rate of the cognitive picocell user terminal. If the total transmission rate of the cognitive picocell user terminal is converged, finishing the calculation; otherwise, repeating the step 2) and the step 3) until the convergence.
In the scheme, the specific process of the step 1) is as follows:
τ1，τ2after satisfying the constraint tau1+τ2＝T，τ1≥0，τ2On the premise of being more than or equal to 0, the value can be initialized to an arbitrary value, such as tau1＝τ2＝T/2。
In the scheme of the method, a specific flow of the substep I of the step 2) is as follows:
given τ1，τ2Optimizing ps. The goal is to maximize Rs(τ2，ps) It can be found by the shannon formula. By using alternate optimization method, the transmitting power is firstly fixed
Figure BDA0001829467910000088
Optimizing single variables by transmitting power values other than
Figure BDA0001829467910000085
Then optimizing each transmitting power value in turn until psAll the variables in the process are optimized. Rs(τ2，ps) Is about
Figure BDA0001829467910000084
The convex function of (2) can be obtained by a dichotomy
Figure BDA0001829467910000083
The optimal solution of (1).
In the scheme of the method, the substep two of the step 2) comprises the following specific processes:
given τ1，τ2Optimizing pp，ppsTotal data rate R of the macrocell user terminalp(τ1，pp)+Rps(τ1，pps) And max. The whole process is divided into two steps, wherein the first step is given by ppsOptimization of ppThe goal is to maximize Rp(τ1，pp) Second step given ppOptimization of ppsThe goal is to maximize Rps(τ1，pps). The method comprises the following specific steps:
a) given ppsOptimization of ppThe goal is to maximize Rp(τ1，pp) It can be calculated by the shannon formula. Due to Rp(τ1，pp) Is about
Figure BDA0001829467910000095
Is increased function of, therefore
Figure BDA0001829467910000096
Is taken as
Figure BDA0001829467910000097
b) Given ppOptimization of ppsThe goal is to maximize Rps(τ1，pps) It can be calculated by the shannon formula. Firstly, initializing the maximum transmitting power from a macro-cellular user terminal to a cognitive micro-cellular base station, wherein the calculation formula is
Figure BDA0001829467910000094
Then, the transmission power from the macro-cell user terminal to the cognitive pico-cell is calculated by adopting an alternative optimization method, except that
Figure BDA0001829467910000093
Optimizing single variables by transmitting power values other than
Figure BDA0001829467910000092
Each quantity is then optimized in turn until the iterative optimization converges. Due to Rps(τ1，pps) Is about
Figure BDA0001829467910000098
Is obtained by using a dichotomy
Figure BDA0001829467910000091
The optimal solution of (1).
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (5)

1. A data unloading method based on cognitive picocells and double links is characterized in that the method is used in a heterogeneous network, when a macrocell user terminal enters a communication range of a cognitive picocell base station, the macrocell user terminal is simultaneously connected with the macrocell base station and the cognitive picocell base station, and partial or all data are unloaded to the cognitive picocell base station by adopting the data unloading method;
the data unloading method comprises the following steps:
(1) dividing the total data transmission time T in the heterogeneous network into two stages, wherein the time length occupied by the first stage is tau1The duration of the second stage is tau2，τ1Phases for data transmission of macro-cellular user terminals, tau2Phase for data transmission, τ, for cognitive picocell user terminals1+τ2＝T；
(2) Constructing a problem model by taking the maximum total data rate of the cognitive picocell user terminal as a target problem:
Figure FDA0001829467900000011
C1：τ1+τ2＝T，τ1≥0，τ2≥0，
C2：
Figure FDA0001829467900000012
C3：
Figure FDA0001829467900000013
C4：
Figure FDA0001829467900000014
C5：Rp(τ1，pp)+Rps(τ1，pps)≥Rmin
wherein R iss(τ2，ps) Indicating the total data rate, R, of cognitive picocell user terminalsp(τ1，pp) Indicating the total data rate, R, of a macrocell user terminal transmitted to a macrocell base stationps(τ1，pps) Representing a total data rate offloaded by the macrocell user terminal to the cognitive picocell base station; c1 to C5 are constraints,
Figure FDA0001829467900000015
Figure FDA0001829467900000016
Figure FDA0001829467900000017
represents the transmit power at which the macrocell user terminal m transmits data to the macrocell base station,
Figure FDA0001829467900000018
represents the transmit power of the macro cell user terminal m transmitting data to the cognitive pico cell base station,
Figure FDA0001829467900000019
the transmission power of the cognitive picocell user terminal k for transmitting data to the cognitive picocell base station is represented; m represents the total number of macro honeycomb user terminals, and K represents the total number of cognitive pico honeycomb user terminals;
Figure FDA00018294679000000110
represents the maximum transmit power of the cognitive picocell user terminal k,
Figure FDA00018294679000000111
representing the maximum power, R, of a macro-cellular user terminalminRepresents the minimum transmission rate required by the macro cellular user terminal;
(3) solving the problem model to obtain tau satisfying constraint conditions C1-C51、τ2、pp、pps、psAccording to τ1、τ2、pp、pps、psAnd carrying out data unloading.
2. The cognitive picocell and dual link-based data offloading method according to claim 1, wherein R iss(τ2，ps)、Rp(τ1，pp)、Rps(τ1，pps) All calculated by shannon formula:
Figure FDA0001829467900000021
Figure FDA0001829467900000022
Figure FDA0001829467900000023
wherein σ2Which is indicative of the power of the background noise,
Figure FDA0001829467900000024
represents the channel gain of the cognitive picocell user terminal k to the cognitive picocell base station,
Figure FDA0001829467900000025
representing the channel gain of the macrocell user terminal m to the macrocell base station,
Figure FDA0001829467900000026
representing the channel gain of the macrocell user terminal m to the cognitive picocell base station.
3. The cognitive picocell and dual link-based data offloading method according to claim 2, wherein said method of solving the problem model includes steps (3-1) to (3-4) performed in sequence:
(3-1) setting convergence accuracy epsilon, wherein epsilon is more than 0; initialization of tau1＝T1，τ2＝T2，T1∈(0，T)，T2∈(0，T)；
(3-2) according to τ1、τ2Solving the problem model to obtain pp、pps、ps；
(3-3) reacting p obtained in the step (3-2)p、pps、psSubstituting the problem model to obtain tau1、τ2；
(3-4) reacting p obtained in the step (3-2)p、pps、psAnd τ obtained in step (3-3)1、τ2Substituting the problem model to obtain the total data rate R of the cognitive picocell user terminals(τ2，ps) (ii) a Judgment of Rs(τ2，ps) If the convergence precision epsilon is not reached, stopping the step (3-4) and outputting the current tau1、τ2、pp、pps、ps(ii) a Otherwise, returning to the step (3-2).
4. The cognitive picocell and dual link-based data offloading method according to claim 3, wherein in step (3-2), according to τ1、τ2Finding pp、pps、psThe method comprises the following specific steps:
1) initialization of pp、ppsAny value that satisfies the constraint; select any one of
Figure FDA0001829467900000036
Initializing p as an optimization variablesThe other variables are any values which meet the constraint conditions;
2) will tau1、τ2、pp、pps、psSubstituting into the problem model to obtain
Figure FDA0001829467900000034
The optimal solution of (2);
3) substituting the obtained optimal solution into psFrom psSelecting any one of variables of which optimal solution is not solved
Figure FDA0001829467900000035
As optimization variables, initialization of the division
Figure FDA0001829467900000037
Other variables which are not subjected to optimal solution calculation are any values meeting the constraint conditions, and the step 2) is returned;
4) repeating the steps 2) to 3) until psAll variables in the process are solved to obtain the optimal solution, and the optimized p is outputs；
5) According to τ1、τ2And p obtained in step 4)sOptimization of pp、ppsComprising steps (a) to (e) performed in sequence:
(a) setting convergence precision zeta > 0; initialization of ppsAny value that satisfies the constraint;
(b) according to the formula
Figure FDA0001829467900000031
Computing
Figure FDA0001829467900000032
To obtain pp；
(c) According to τ1、τ2、psAnd p obtained in step (b)pSolving the problem model to obtain pps；
(d) Will tau1、τ2、ps、ppAnd ppsSubstituting the problem model to obtain the total data rate R of the cognitive picocell user terminals(τ2，ps) (ii) a Judgment of Rs(τ2，ps) If yes, ending step (d) and outputting ps、ppAnd pps(ii) a Otherwise, returning to the step (b).
5. The cognitive picocell and dual link-based data offloading method according to claim 4, wherein said (3-3) is according to pp、pps、psCalculating τ1、τ2Respectively as follows:
Figure FDA0001829467900000033
τ2＝T-τ1。
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