CN109473409A - 冷却板以及带有这种冷却板的装置 - Google Patents
冷却板以及带有这种冷却板的装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种冷却板,尤其电设备的冷却板,其包括导热板(10)以及带有至少一个冷却通道(29)的至少一个冷却通道板(11),其中在导热板(10)和冷却通道板(11)之间布置至少一个凹处(12),其中在该至少一个凹处(12)中布置至少一个带有工作液体(16)的空腔(15),该空腔在平面(17)中平行于导热板(10)定向,并且其中压力密封地封闭所述至少一个空腔(15)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有改善的冷却作用的冷却板,尤其是用于功率电子装置的冷却板,以及一种具有至少一个电器件、优选功率电子元器件的装置,其具有至少一个按权利要求1所述的冷却板。
背景技术
由现有技术以不同的设计方案公开了冷却板。冷却板通常用在功率电子装置的区域内用于冷却功率电子元器件。金属的基板通常位于功率电子元器件与冷却板之间的热量路径上,从而将功率电子元器件的热量在其发散到冷却板上之前通过热量散开分布到更大的横截表面上,该冷却板将热量发散到热沉处,例如冷却介质回路处。所述冷却板在面对热沉的侧面上具有增大的表面,该表面例如借助于肋或者多个竖立的柱突(Noppen)进行设置,其也称作针翅(PinFin)结构。
在电子元件尤其功率电子装置的进一步发展的过程中,始终实现更高的功率密度,其与增加的冷却需求相关联。借助于基板的热量扩散在其作用方面受到限制,因此自超过一定的基板起所述冷却作用不会再提高,并且常规的用于现代的功率电子装置的带有尽可能高的功率密度的冷却板由此不能确保足够的热量扩散或者冷却。
发明内容
按本发明的具有权利要求1所述特征的冷却板相应地具有以下优点,即解决了在最小结构尺寸的情况下冷却板的较少花费与最大的冷却作用或者散热之间的目标冲突。由此,按本发明的冷却板应该满足对具有尽可能高的功率密度的功率电子元器件的要求。按本发明通过以下方法实现这一点,即冷却板包括至少一个导热板以及至少一个带有至少一个冷却通道的冷却通道板,其中在导热板和冷却通道板之间设置至少一个凹处,在该凹处中布置至少一个带有工作液体的压力密封的空腔,该空腔在平面内平行于导热板进行布置并且压力密封地封闭该空腔。由此实现了最大的热量扩散,用于将功率电子元器件的发出的热量传递到尽可能大的冷却表面上或者冷却通道板的表面上,并且由此实现最大的冷却作用。空腔中的工作液体将从功率电子元器件中散发出的热量分布在冷却板的平面内。在此,所述空腔在冷却板内部布置在导热板和冷却通道板之间,其中所述工作液体是制冷剂,例如水、酒精、氨或这些制冷剂的混合物。通过最佳地冷却电器件,将功率电子元器件、例如用于电汽车驱动装置的换流器的温度保持得尽可能低,由此能够实现尽可能高的功率密度。所述凹处优选构造在导热板中。
从属权利要求示出了本发明的优选改进方案。
此外特别有利的是,所述凹处加入或者形成在所述导热板中。该凹处匹配冷却通道板的形状,使得冷却通道板可以准确配合地插入该凹处中从而形成压力密封的空腔并且封闭该凹处。
此外特别有利的是,所述冷却通道板完全布置在所述凹处内部。该凹处的深度至少相应于冷却通道板的厚度,从而能够使得冷却通道板完全容纳到凹处中,并且此外在该凹处中形成空腔。
优选所述冷却通道板的冷却通道在面对热沉的侧面上构造有冷却肋和/或针翅结构,通过其增大了冷却通道板的面对热沉的表面。所述冷却肋和/或针翅结构例如可以伸入冷却介质中,例如伸入汽车的冷却水系统中,由此确保了特别良好的热量散发和热量输出。
此外特别有利的是,所述冷却肋和/或针翅结构布置在所述凹处的内部,由此获得了冷却板的特别紧凑的结构。由此,尤其获得了在仓储、运输中或者在装配冷却板时的优势,因为敏感的冷却肋和/或针翅结构受保护地布置在凹处内部并且由此受到保护防止损坏。
优选所述至少一个空腔构造成热管、双相热虹吸装置或蒸汽室(蒸汽腔),其中热管、双相热虹吸装置或蒸汽室(蒸汽腔)具有共性,即通过工作介质实现热量输送并且能够实现特别高的热传递。
此外优选所述至少一个热管、双相热虹吸装置或蒸汽室(蒸汽腔)由导热板和/或由冷却通道板一体地或者多部分地形成。为此,所述导热板和/或冷却通道板能够在相应面对的侧面上具有相应的形状,从而形成热管、双相热虹吸装置或蒸汽室(蒸汽腔)。
优选所述至少一个空腔局部地由导热板和/或冷却通道板形成。该空腔不仅能够在面对热源的侧面上,而且也可以在面对热沉的侧面上具有不同构造的表面,该表面相应地分配给导热板及冷却通道板。
根据本发明的另一设计方案特别有利的是,所述冷却板具有至少一个第一冷却通道区域以及第二冷却通道区域,第一冷却通道区域和第二冷却通道区域相互隔开地布置,其中设置该第一冷却通道区域和第二冷却通道区域伸入冷却水系统中。相应的冷却通道区域可以分配给不同的电器件并且是流动优化的,从而降低冷却水系统中的压力损失。
此外证实有利的是,所述导热板是薄壁的深冲件。这种零件在制造中成本低廉并且可简单地进行操作。此外,薄壁的零件具有更小的热阻。
根据本发明的另一有利的设计方案,所述导热板和冷却通道板通过焊接连接相互进行连接。该焊接是压力密封的,并且将封闭在真空中的工作液体包围在导热板与冷却通道板之间的空腔中。
此外特别有利的是,所述工作液体具有小于-40℃的冰点,由此也能够将这种冷却板用在寒冷的周围环境条件下。
此外,优选用无纺布、织物、毛球(Gewölle)和/或多孔的材料填充所述至少一个空腔,从而产生毛细作用。
根据本发明的另一优选设计方案,将开口加入所述冷却通道板中和/或导热板中,通过该开口能够将工作液体引入空腔中并且通过该开口设置空腔中的真空。随后压力密封地封闭该开口,例如借助于压球实现。
此外,本发明涉及一种装置,该装置包括至少一个电器件尤其功率电子元器件,其具有至少一个按本发明的冷却板。
附图说明
下面参照附图详细地描述本发明的优选实施例。附图中示出:
图1是按本发明优选实施例的多个电器件与冷却板的装置的示意性的部分剖开的视图,以及
图2是具有按图1的冷却板的装置沿着剖切线A-A的示意性的部分剖开的视图。
具体实施方式
下面参照图1和2详细地描述按本发明第一优选实施例所述的冷却板1以及装置2。
所述装置2包括冷却板1以及四个电器件3,也就是三个功率模块31、32、33以及一个薄膜电容器34或中间电路电容器,其形成了一个或多个热源7。冷却板1具有面对功率模块31、32、33的第一侧面6以及背对功率模块31、32、33的第二侧面8。该第二侧面8面对热沉9,该热沉例如构造成冷却水系统30。
在图2中的剖视图中可以获知,所述冷却板1由带有凹处12的导热板10和冷却通道板11构成。该冷却通道板11完全插入凹处12中,由此在冷却板1中构成了面状的空腔15,该空腔在平面17内平行于导热板10定向。
在图2中所示,所述冷却通道板11在面对热沉9的侧面8上具有带有多个冷却通道29的第一冷却通道区域21和第二冷却通道区域22。在第一冷却通道区域21中的冷却通道29由所谓的针翅结构19形成,该结构由多个柱突形成。在第二冷却通道区域22中的冷却通道29由冷却肋18形成。该冷却肋18和针翅结构19在图1中得到说明。该冷却肋18或者针翅结构19为了改善热传导而具有增大的表面。
从图2中还可以获知,如此给所述空腔15确定尺寸,使得其在冷却板1中与电器件3平行地并且隔开地进行布置,并且完全面状地覆盖这些电器件。相应地,确定空腔15在平面17中的面积大于电器件3的面积。
此外,所述空腔15根据热管、热虹吸装置或者蒸汽室(蒸汽腔)的类型进行构造,并且优选用无纺布、织物或多孔的材料以及工作液体16进行填充。由于多个毛细管,在空腔15中产生了毛细作用,通过该毛细作用可以输送工作液体16。
空腔15中的工作液体16是常规的制冷剂,例如水、酒精、氨或者这些液体的混合物。该工作液体16优选具有小于-40℃的冰点,由此所述冷却板1或者装置2也在冷的周围环境条件下按规定进行工作。该工作液体16通过开口23(没有示出)填入所述空腔15中,其中随后在空腔15中设置真空,从而将工作液体16转移到湿蒸汽区域中。所述工作液体16必须根据环境政策以及蒸汽压力储备适合应用情况地进行选择。此外,应该如此设计所述工作液体16,从而在空腔15的面对冷却通道板11的侧面上存在最大允许的温度时所述工作液体16也不会完全蒸发。
在运行中,工作液体16在面对热源7的侧面6上蒸发。随后,该工作液体16朝着面对热沉9的侧面8在空腔15中输送,在那里冷凝并且由于毛细作用返回地朝面对热源7的侧面6输送。随后重新开始循环。由于空腔15在冷却板1中面状的构造,所述前面提到的过程不仅仅沿着垂直于平面17的方向发生,而是也基本上平行于平面17发生,从而实现热量散开,由热源7或者电器件3释放的热量通过这种热量散开均匀地经由空腔15的整个表面排出到冷却通道板11处。
由于通过空腔15的均匀的温度水平以及较大的热量散开,获得了用于冷却水系统30的其它优点。一方面可以减少冷却肋、冷却翅、冷却针等的密度或者数量,并且另一方面由于较高的热量散开可以扩张冷却水系统30的流动通道。由此使得冷却水系统30中的流动压力损失最小化并且可以降低冷却水系统的所要求的泵功率。
按图1的冷却水系统30构造成U形的,由此将冷却水入口41和冷却水出口42布置在同一端侧上。U形的冷却水系统30的第一边具有第一拓宽的区域用于带有针翅结构19的第一冷却通道区域12,并且第二边具有第二拓宽的带有冷却肋18的冷却通道区域22。这种布置尤其适合于在第一冷却通道区域21上方布置冷却强度特别大的功率模块31、32、33的情况。
在本实施例中,所述导热板10和冷却通道板11借助于焊接连接28相互压力密封地进行连接。
由此,按本发明能够为电子元件3提供具有尽可能好的散热作用的冷却板1,该冷却板即使在功率密度以及散热条件不同时也为所有布置在冷却板1上的电子元件3实现均匀的温度水平,并且其满足较少成本、最小结构尺寸以及最大性能这些要求。
Claims (14)
1. 冷却板,尤其电设备的冷却板,包括
-导热板(10),以及
-带有至少一个冷却通道(29)的至少一个冷却通道板(11),
-其中在导热板(10)和冷却通道板(11)之间布置至少一个凹处(12),
-其中在该至少一个凹处(12)中布置至少一个带有工作液体(16)的空腔(15),该空腔在平面(17)中平行于导热板(10)定向,并且
-其中压力密封地封闭所述至少一个空腔(15)。
2.按权利要求1所述的冷却板,其特征在于,所述凹处(12)加入或者模制到导热板(10)中。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的冷却板,其特征在于,所述冷却通道板(11)完全布置在所述凹处(12)内部。
4.按上述权利要求中任一项所述的冷却板,其特征在于,所述冷却通道板(11)在面对热沉(8)的侧面上具有冷却通道(29),该冷却通道带有冷却肋(18)和/或针翅结构(19)。
5.按权利要求4所述的冷却板,其特征在于,所述冷却肋(18)和/或针翅结构(19)布置在所述凹处(12)内部。
6.按上述权利要求中任一项所述的冷却板,其特征在于,所述至少一个空腔(15)构造成热管、热虹吸装置或蒸汽室(蒸汽腔)。
7.按上述权利要求中任一项所述的冷却板,其特征在于,所述空腔(15)局部地由导热板(10)和/或冷却通道板(11)形成。
8.按上述权利要求中任一项所述的冷却板,其特征在于,所述冷却通道板(11)具有至少一个第一冷却通道区域(21)以及至少一个第二冷却通道区域(22),第一冷却通道区域(21)和第二冷却通道区域(22)相互隔开地布置,其中设置第一冷却通道区域(21)和第二冷却通道区域(22)伸入冷却水系统(30)中。
9.按上述权利要求中任一项所述的冷却板,其特征在于,所述导热板(10)是薄壁的深冲件。
10.按上述权利要求中任一项所述的冷却板,其特征在于,所述导热板(10)和冷却通道板(11)用焊接连接(28)进行连接。
11.按上述权利要求中任一项所述的冷却板,其特征在于,工作液体(16)具有小于-40℃的冰点。
12.按上述权利要求中任一项所述的冷却板,其特征在于,在所述空腔(15)中布置无纺布、织物或多孔的材料。
13.按上述权利要求中任一项所述的冷却板,其特征在于,用于填充所述空腔(15)的开口(23)加入冷却通道板(11)中和/或导热板(10)中,该开口压力密封地封闭。
14.具有至少一个电器件(3)尤其功率电子元器件的装置,其具有至少一个按权利要求1到13中任一项所述的冷却板(1)。
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DE102019134731A1 (de) * | 2019-12-17 | 2021-06-17 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Kühlvorrichtung, Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Kühlvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Kühlvorrichtung |
US20230363113A1 (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2023-11-09 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Heat sink with bulk heat isolation |
WO2023113924A1 (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2023-06-22 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc. | Systems and methods for two-phase cooling of electronic components |
CN116232013B (zh) * | 2023-05-06 | 2023-08-04 | 深圳市首航新能源股份有限公司 | 一种逆变器及电气设备 |
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