CN109472096B - Implant design method combining macroscopic topology optimization and microscopic topology optimization - Google Patents
Implant design method combining macroscopic topology optimization and microscopic topology optimization Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an implant design method combining macroscopic topology optimization and microscopic topology optimization, which solves the problem that the size and the appearance of the porosity of an implant can not be effectively controlled in the prior art, and has the effects of increasing the porosity of a microporous unit while ensuring the mechanical property of the microporous unit, improving the biological property of the implant, reducing the material consumption and designing a structure which best meets the mechanical requirement; the technical scheme is as follows: the method comprises the following steps: topology optimization of the micropore unit, mechanical parameters of the micropore unit, image acquisition and reverse processing, macroscopic mechanical analysis, topological optimization of a macroscopic structure, and implant generation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of biological medical treatment, in particular to a design method of an implant combining macroscopic topology optimization and microscopic topology optimization.
Background
When the massive bone defect of a human body is repaired, because metals such as titanium alloy, stainless steel, CoCr alloy and the like have good biocompatibility, excellent mechanical property, corrosion resistance and wear resistance, the titanium alloy, the stainless steel, the CoCr alloy and the like are used as main materials of an implant or a prosthesis for a long time, but because the over-high rigidity of a solid metal implant is not matched with the rigidity of the bone, the stress shielding phenomenon occurs, namely, the stress is mainly concentrated on the implant or the prosthesis, the stress at the position of a part of the bone tissue is greatly reduced, and then the bone is degraded and ablated according to the wolff law, so that the bone tissue is degraded, and further the implant or the prosthesis is possible to loosen and lose efficacy. Meanwhile, after the solid metal implant is implanted, bone tissues can only grow on the surface of the implant and cannot grow inside the implant, so that real combination is realized, the combination force of the implant and the bone tissues is small, the implant is easy to move on the bone tissues, and the failure of the implant is easy to cause.
Compared with solid materials, the porous material has the advantages that the rigidity of the metal implant can be greatly reduced due to the pores, the rigidity of the implant can be adjusted by adjusting the number or size of the pores, the porous structure can transport nutrients and waste materials after the implant is implanted, the healing speed after the implant is accelerated, meanwhile, bone tissues can grow into the porous material to promote the interior of the implant, the bonding strength between the implant and the bone tissues is enhanced, and the implant is prevented from falling off and losing efficacy. The traditional method for preparing the porous structure of the metal material mainly comprises a melt foaming method, a fusion casting method, metal powder sintering, a gas entrainment method, an electrodeposition method, a vapor deposition method and the like. These methods can successfully form pores in the material, but the porosity size and morphology cannot be effectively controlled, the performance requirements cannot be predicted, and the effective pore structure and size design cannot be reflected in manufacturing. In recent years, the rapid development of additive manufacturing technology greatly improves the manufacturing capability of complex porous structures, so that the application prospect of porous implants is better and better, and the requirements on the performance of the implants are higher and higher.
The mechanical property and the biological property of the porous implant are important factors influencing the implant, and the implant with good mechanical property can provide effective mechanical support and enhance the biological property of the implant or the prosthesis, so that the problem of how to ensure the mechanical property and reduce the volume of the implant or the prosthesis to the maximum extent and increase the porosity of the implant or the prosthesis is very worth paying attention.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an implant design method combining macroscopic topology optimization and microscopic topology optimization, which has the effects of increasing the porosity of a microporous unit while ensuring the mechanical property of the microporous unit, and designing a structure most meeting the mechanical requirement while reducing the material consumption.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for implant design combining macro and micro topology optimization, comprising the steps of:
step (1), topological optimization of the micropore unit:
setting the porosity of the micropore unit, optimizing the micropore unit by utilizing Optistruct software, importing an optimization result into optimization result three-dimensional representation software, obtaining and storing a three-dimensional structure chart;
step (2) obtaining mechanical parameters of the micropore unit:
importing the three-dimensional structure diagram into three-dimensional reverse software, importing three-dimensional modeling software to carry out three-dimensional array on the micropore units after smoothing the micropore unit structure, importing the three-dimensional array structure into finite element analysis software, and carrying out compression mechanical analysis and shear mechanical analysis on the three-dimensional array structure to obtain the equivalent elastic modulus and the equivalent shear modulus of the micropore units;
and (3) image acquisition and reverse processing:
acquiring image data of a patient part, performing three-dimensional reconstruction on the patient part, and importing the reconstructed data into three-dimensional reverse software for processing; then, importing the model into three-dimensional drawing software, and designing a personalized implant;
step (4), macroscopic mechanical analysis:
acquiring image data of the same part of a patient, and importing the reconstructed data into three-dimensional reverse software for processing; then importing the model into three-dimensional drawing software for supplementary processing; then carrying out finite element analysis to obtain the deformation condition of the normal complete structure under normal stress, selecting a reference point, and recording the displacement under normal stress and the rigidity of the implant;
and (5) topological optimization of a macroscopic structure:
selecting a design area, setting material parameters according to the equivalent elastic modulus and the equivalent shear modulus, selecting a reference point corresponding to the step (4), setting constraint conditions and a constraint target, and performing topology optimization on the implant to obtain an optimization result; importing the result into optimization result three-dimensional representation software to obtain and store an optimized three-dimensional structure diagram;
step (6) generating an implant:
and introducing the optimized implant model into three-dimensional reverse software, performing smoothing treatment on the model structure, introducing the model structure into three-dimensional modeling software, and performing Boolean operation between the micropore units of the three-dimensional array and the optimized implant to obtain the three-dimensional porous implant structure combined with macro-micro topology optimization.
Further, in the step (1), the porosity of the microporous unit is set according to the permeability requirement, so that the pore diameter is in the range of 200-1000 μm.
Further, in the step (1), the volume ratio of the material is limited by utilizing Optistruct software, the minimum structural flexibility is set as an optimization target, and the estimated average stress is applied to optimize the micropore unit.
Further, in the step (2), three-dimensional array is performed on the micropore units by using three-dimensional modeling software, so that a three-dimensional array structure of n x n is obtained, wherein n is more than or equal to 4.
Further, in the step (3), standard CT/MRI scanning is carried out on the patient part, Dicom format data of an original tomography image of the target part is obtained, and the data is imported into MIMICS software for three-dimensional reconstruction;
and removing model noise and deleting redundant organization models by using three-dimensional reverse software.
Further, in the step (4), CT/MRI scanning is performed on another normal human body at a position same as the diseased part of the patient or at a healthy side symmetrical to the sagittal plane of the diseased part, Dicom-format data of an original tomographic image of the target part is obtained, and the data is imported into MIMICS software for three-dimensional reconstruction;
removing model noise and deleting redundant organization models by using three-dimensional reverse software;
the soft tissue and musculoskeletal tissue models were supplemented with three-dimensional mapping software.
Further, in the step (5), macroscopic topology optimization is performed based on Optistruct software, and non-fixed and contact parts are selected as design areas.
Further, in the step (5), the same displacement of the reference point is set as a constraint condition, and the minimum flexibility of the implant is set as a constraint target to perform topology optimization on the implant.
Further, in the step (5), the model is smoothed by three-dimensional inverse software.
Further, the optimization result three-dimensional representation software selects Hyperview software, and the three-dimensional structure diagram is stored in stl format.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the implant is individually designed based on the appearance of the diseased part, so that adverse effects caused by a universal implant are avoided, and meanwhile, the implant is combined with the advantages of a porous structure, so that the performance of the implant is improved;
(2) the invention fully considers the mechanical property requirement of the bone tissue repair on the implant, can fully ensure the mechanical strength of the implant and simultaneously reduce the adverse mechanical influence of the implant on the bone tissue on the basis of normal condition, and improves the mechanical property of the implant;
(3) according to the invention, through the topological optimization of the micropore units, the mechanical properties of the micropore units are ensured, meanwhile, the porosity of the micropore units is increased, the biological properties are improved, and meanwhile, based on the mechanical properties of the micropore units, the topological optimization is carried out on the macroscopic structure of the implant, the material consumption is reduced, the filling space is increased, the lightweight design of the implant is realized, and the discomfort of a patient after implantation is reduced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
As described in the background art, the prior art has the defects that the porosity size and the morphology of the implant cannot be effectively controlled, and the mechanical property and the biological property cannot be further improved.
In a typical embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1, a method for designing an implant combining macro and micro topology optimization is provided, where a porous implant can be regarded as a stack of microporous units, and through the topology optimization of the microporous units, while ensuring mechanical properties of the microporous units, the porosity of the microporous units is increased, and meanwhile, based on the mechanical properties of the microporous units, the macro structure of the implant is topologically optimized, so as to reduce the material usage and increase the filling space, and at the same time, design a structure that best meets mechanical requirements.
(1) Topological optimization of microporous units:
based on the requirement of the implant body implantation part on the permeability, the porosity of the micropore unit of the implant body is set to be high, medium and low, the length, width and height of the micropore unit of the cubic implant body are controlled to be 1-2 mm, the diameter of the pore is further ensured to be 200-1000 mu m, and the size is favorable for the expansion of bone tissue cells.
The method comprises the steps of limiting the volume ratio of materials by utilizing Optistruct software based on a SIMP method, setting the minimum structural flexibility as an optimization target, applying estimated average stress, optimizing units, importing results into optimization result three-dimensional representation software after optimization is finished to obtain an optimized three-dimensional structure, and storing the three-dimensional structure chart in an stl format.
In some embodiments, the optimization result three-dimensional characterization software is Hyperview software.
(2) Acquiring mechanical parameters of the micropore unit:
and importing the three-dimensional structure chart of the micropore unit into three-dimensional reverse software, conducting smoothing treatment on the micropore unit structure, importing three-dimensional modeling software, and conducting three-dimensional array on the micropore unit to obtain the three-dimensional array structure of n x n, wherein n is more than or equal to 4.
And importing the three-dimensional array structure into finite element analysis software, and carrying out compression mechanical analysis and shear mechanical analysis on the three-dimensional array structure to obtain the equivalent elastic modulus and the equivalent shear modulus of the micropore unit.
In some embodiments, the three-dimensional inverse software is Geomaigc Studio software, the three-dimensional modeling software is Solidworks software, and the finite element analysis software ANASYS or Abaqus.
(3) Image acquisition and reverse processing:
standard CT/MRI scanning is carried out on the patient part, original tomographic image Dicom format data of the target part are obtained, the data are imported into MIMICS software, and three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out on the patient part through operations such as threshold segmentation, region growing and the like.
And importing the reconstructed data into three-dimensional reverse software, removing model noise, deleting redundant tissue models, further importing the models into three-dimensional drawing software, and designing the personalized implant according to the models.
The implant design may be mirrored by symmetrical tissue structures or may be designed empirically, primarily manually.
In some embodiments, the three-dimensional reverse software is Geomaigc Studio software and the three-dimensional modeling software is Solidworks software.
(4) Macroscopic mechanical analysis:
and carrying out CT/MRI scanning on the part of another normal human body which is the same as the diseased part of the patient, if the sagittal plane of the patient and the diseased part is not damaged, acquiring the side data, acquiring the Dicom format data of the original tomographic image of the target part, introducing the data into MIMICS software, and carrying out three-dimensional reconstruction on the diseased part through operations such as threshold segmentation, region growing and the like.
And (3) importing the reconstructed data into three-dimensional reverse software, removing model noise points, deleting redundant tissue models, further importing the models into a three-dimensional drawing software materialized model, supplementing soft tissue and muscle ligament tissue models, importing finite element analysis software, and obtaining the deformation condition of a normal complete structure under normal stress.
And selecting reference points at certain specific positions, recording the displacement under normal stress, and recording the rigidity of the implant.
In some embodiments, the three-dimensional inverse software is Geomaigc Studio software, the three-dimensional modeling software is Solidworks software, and the finite element analysis software ANASYS or Abaqus.
(5) Topological optimization of a macro structure:
and (3) selecting a non-fixed part as a design area based on Optistruct software, setting parameters of the material according to the equivalent elastic modulus and the equivalent shear modulus of the micropore unit obtained in the step (2), selecting a reference point the same as that in the step (4), setting the same displacement of the reference point as a constraint condition, setting the minimum flexibility of the implant as a constraint target, and carrying out topology optimization on the implant.
And obtaining an optimization result, inputting the result into Hyperview software to obtain an optimized three-dimensional structure, and storing the three-dimensional structure chart in stl format.
(6) Application of microporous units to macrostructures:
and introducing the optimized implant model into three-dimensional reverse software, performing smoothing treatment on the model structure, introducing the model structure into three-dimensional modeling software, and performing Boolean operation between the micropore units of the three-dimensional array and the optimized implant to obtain the three-dimensional porous implant structure combined with macro-micro topology optimization.
In some embodiments, the three-dimensional reverse software is Geomaigc Studio software and the three-dimensional modeling software is Solidworks software.
(7) And (3) carrying out finite element mechanical verification on the macro-micro combined implant:
and applying the three-dimensional porous structure to the damage model, carrying out finite element analysis on the mechanical property of the three-dimensional porous structure, and verifying the effectiveness of the implant.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A design method of an implant combining macro and micro topology optimization, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1), topological optimization of the micropore unit:
setting the porosity of the micropore unit, optimizing the micropore unit by utilizing Optistruct software, importing an optimization result into optimization result three-dimensional representation software, obtaining and storing a three-dimensional structure chart;
step (2) obtaining mechanical parameters of the micropore unit:
importing the three-dimensional structure diagram into three-dimensional reverse software, importing three-dimensional modeling software to carry out three-dimensional array on the micropore units after smoothing the micropore unit structure, importing the three-dimensional array structure into finite element analysis software, and carrying out compression mechanical analysis and shear mechanical analysis on the three-dimensional array structure to obtain the equivalent elastic modulus and the equivalent shear modulus of the micropore units;
and (3) image acquisition and reverse processing:
acquiring image data of a patient part, performing three-dimensional reconstruction on the patient part, and importing the reconstructed data into three-dimensional reverse software for processing; then, importing the model into three-dimensional drawing software, and designing a personalized implant;
step (4), macroscopic mechanical analysis:
acquiring image data of the same part of a patient, and importing the reconstructed data into three-dimensional reverse software for processing; then importing the model into three-dimensional drawing software for supplementary processing; then carrying out finite element analysis to obtain the deformation condition of the normal complete structure under normal stress, selecting a reference point, and recording the displacement under normal stress and the rigidity of the implant;
and (5) topological optimization of a macroscopic structure:
selecting a design area, setting material parameters according to the equivalent elastic modulus and the equivalent shear modulus, selecting a reference point which is the same as the reference point in the step (4), setting constraint conditions and a constraint target, and carrying out topology optimization on the implant to obtain an optimization result; the result is imported into the optimization result three-dimensional representation software to obtain and store an optimized three-dimensional structure chart,
step (6) generating an implant:
and introducing the optimized implant model into three-dimensional reverse software, performing smoothing treatment on the model structure, introducing the model structure into three-dimensional modeling software, and performing Boolean operation between the micropore units of the three-dimensional array and the optimized implant to obtain the three-dimensional porous implant structure combined with macro-micro topology optimization.
2. A design method of implant with macro and micro topology optimization combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the porosity of microporous unit is set according to the permeability requirement to make the pore diameter in the range of 200 μm to 1000 μm.
3. The design method of implant combined with macroscopic and microscopic topological optimization according to claim 1, characterized in that in said step (1), Optistruct software is used to limit the volume ratio of materials, the minimum structural flexibility is set as optimization target, and estimated average stress is applied to optimize the microporous unit.
4. The method for designing an implant according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the microcell cells are three-dimensionally arrayed by using three-dimensional modeling software, so as to obtain a three-dimensional array structure of n x n, wherein n is greater than or equal to 4.
5. The implant design method combining macroscopic and microscopic topology optimization according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), the patient affected part is scanned by standard CT/MRI to obtain Dicom-format data of the original tomographic image of the target part, and the data is imported into MIMICS software for three-dimensional reconstruction;
and removing model noise and deleting redundant organization models by using three-dimensional reverse software.
6. The design method of an implant combining macroscopic and microscopic topological optimization according to claim 1, wherein in said step (4), CT/MRI scanning is performed on another normal human body at the same position as the diseased part of the patient or at the healthy side symmetrical to the sagittal plane of the diseased part, Dicom-format data of the original tomographic image of the target part is obtained, and the data is imported into MIMICS software for three-dimensional reconstruction;
removing model noise and deleting redundant organization models by using three-dimensional reverse software;
the soft tissue and musculoskeletal tissue models were supplemented with three-dimensional mapping software.
7. The implant design method combining macro and micro topology optimization according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the macro topology optimization is performed based on Optistruct software, and the non-fixed part is selected as the design area.
8. The design method of implant according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the same displacement of reference point is set as constraint condition, and the minimum flexibility of implant is set as constraint target to optimize the topology of implant.
9. A macro and micro topology optimization combined implant design method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (5), the model is smoothed by three-dimensional inverse software.
10. The implant design method combining macroscopic and microscopic topological optimization according to claim 1, wherein said optimization result three-dimensional characterization software is Hyperview software, and the three-dimensional structure diagram is stored in stl format.
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| CN111368399B (en) * | 2020-02-06 | 2023-04-18 | 广东医科大学附属医院 | Method for acquiring individualized design of rigidity of locking bone fracture plate |
| CN112233801B (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-03-26 | 季华实验室 | Construction method and topological optimization design method of topological optimization mathematical model of endoprosthesis |
| CN113420504B (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2022-11-04 | 清华大学 | Machine learning-based degradable metal bone implant design method |
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