CN109462987B - Method for manufacturing artificial eye - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing artificial eye Download PDFInfo
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- CN109462987B CN109462987B CN201780002218.2A CN201780002218A CN109462987B CN 109462987 B CN109462987 B CN 109462987B CN 201780002218 A CN201780002218 A CN 201780002218A CN 109462987 B CN109462987 B CN 109462987B
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
- B29D11/02—Artificial eyes from organic plastic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/753—Medical equipment; Accessories therefor
- B29L2031/7532—Artificial members, protheses
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Computer Graphics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Software Systems (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
Abstract
The invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing a prosthesis, which is easy to manufacture and has relatively low toxicity risk. The method for manufacturing a prosthesis according to the present invention for achieving the above object of the present invention includes: generating artificial eye composite data including three-dimensional shape information of an artificial eye having an iris region and two-dimensional surface processing information corresponding to the iris region; a step of three-dimensionally printing the prosthesis main body with a three-dimensional printing device based on the three-dimensional shape information; performing toxicity treatment on the three-dimensionally printed artificial eye main body; and performing surface treatment so as to display an image preset in the iris region based on the two-dimensional surface treatment information.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing an artificial eye.
Background
The artificial eye is mainly used for various purposes such as education, medical treatment, and special purposes for movies. Such a prosthesis is typically realized by the following process: manufacturing a main body; a process of displaying an image corresponding to the shape of an eye on a prosthesis body; and a process for coating the artificial eye body by using Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) raw material with high human body compatibility.
However, the artificial eye manufactured by the conventional artificial eye manufacturing method may have the following risks: in the event that the PMMA coating is damaged, toxicity of the prosthesis body present within the coating leaks away, thereby creating a hazard to the user of the prosthesis. In addition, the conventional artificial eye has the following problems: the difference in the shape between the conjunctiva and the inner surface of the artificial eye is not taken into consideration, and the wearing sensation is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
[ problems to be solved by the invention ]
The invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing a prosthesis, which is easy to manufacture and has relatively low toxicity risk.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a prosthesis capable of manufacturing a prosthesis having a relatively excellent wearing feeling.
[ means for solving problems ]
The method for manufacturing a prosthesis according to the present invention for achieving the above object of the present invention includes: generating artificial eye composite data including three-dimensional shape information of an artificial eye having an iris region and two-dimensional surface processing information corresponding to the iris region; a step of three-dimensionally printing the prosthesis main body with a three-dimensional printing device based on the three-dimensional shape information; performing toxicity treatment on the three-dimensionally printed artificial eye main body; and performing surface treatment so as to display an image preset in the iris region based on the two-dimensional surface treatment information.
Here, the toxicity treatment step is preferably a step including immersing the three-dimensionally printed prosthesis body in water at 90 to 100 ℃ for 1 to 2 hours.
In the method for producing the artificial eye, the iris region preferably has a curvature relatively smaller than that of the other regions.
In addition, the method for manufacturing the artificial eye further includes a step of coating PMMA on a surface of the artificial eye, and the step of coating PMMA is preferably to coat an iris region having a relatively smaller curvature than the other region so as to have a curvature equivalent to the other region.
In the method for manufacturing a prosthetic eye, the three-dimensional shape information preferably has a flow space that is separated from a conjunctiva surface of a user of the prosthetic eye by a predetermined distance.
In the method for producing a prosthetic eye, the surface treatment step preferably includes a step of surface-treating the iris region by sublimation transfer.
[ Effect of the invention ]
The method for manufacturing the artificial eye of the invention can manufacture the artificial eye which is easy to manufacture and has relatively low toxicity risk. Further, in the case where a flow space is provided between the artificial eye and the conjunctiva, a prosthetic eye having a relatively excellent wearing feeling can be provided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sequence diagram showing a method for producing a prosthetic eye according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional shape of three-dimensional shape information of the artificial eye of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a system for manufacturing a prosthetic eye according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the cell viability according to the eluted matter concentration of the three-dimensional printed matter subjected to the toxic treatment of the present invention.
Fig. 5(a) and 5(b) are perspective views showing a prosthesis body and a surface-treated prosthesis, respectively.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 is a sequence diagram showing a method for manufacturing a prosthetic eye according to the present invention, and fig. 2 is a cross-sectional shape of three-dimensional shape information of the prosthetic eye according to the present invention. Referring to fig. 1 and 2 together, the method of manufacturing a prosthetic eye according to the present invention first generates prosthetic eye composite data including three-dimensional shape information of a prosthetic eye having an iris region F and two-dimensional surface processing information corresponding to the iris region F (step S10). Generally, three-dimensional design data is converted into a Stereolithography (STL) file using a three-dimensional design program and used. As described above, the data converted for three-dimensional printing is three-dimensional shape information, and the three-dimensional shape information is again converted into a plurality of two-dimensional print data in the height direction for three-dimensional printing. The three-dimensional printed matter can be three-dimensionally printed with the three-dimensional printing device based on the data converted into the plurality of two-dimensional print data in the height direction in this manner.
Here, the three-dimensional design program or another computer program may be used to generate two-dimensional surface processing information for the three-dimensional shape information. That is, the two-dimensional surface processing information includes size information and position information of the artificial eye image mapped on the surface of the object to be surface-processed. The two-dimensional surface treatment information may also include information such as hue, surface, roughness, hardness, etc.
The two-dimensional surface treatment information includes coordinate values of unit pixels corresponding to the respective surfaces of the artificial eye and surface treatment execution information for surface treatment. The surface treatment information is mapped to three-dimensional shape information for each designated area, and particularly, includes print image information centered on the iris area F. The print image information includes shape data and tone data. In the case where a plurality of surface treatment processes are required to be performed on a single three-dimensional formed object, the surface treatment information may include process sequence information.
In the three-dimensional shape information of the artificial eye, a portion corresponding to the iris region F to be printed is formed so that the Curvature (Curvature) is relatively smaller than that of the other region. That is, the iris region F is formed flat compared to other regions. The reason why the iris region F is flatter than other regions is to precisely achieve the subsequent surface treatment. For reference, the larger the radius of curvature, the smaller the curvature, and the smaller the radius of curvature, the larger the curvature.
And, the three-dimensional shape information of the artificial eye is designed as follows: has a flow space which is separated from the conjunctiva surface C of the prospective wearer measured in advance. That is, the flow space is used to eliminate the following problems: if the conjunctiva surface C is in close contact with the inner surface 1a of the artificial eye, tears cannot flow between the conjunctiva surface C and the inner surface 1a of the artificial eye, and the wearing sensation is slightly reduced.
The three-dimensional shape information has a support portion in a lower portion of the three-dimensionally printed artificial eye body so that the iris region F is the same in height regardless of the size and form of the three-dimensionally printed artificial eye. For example, the support portion is highly stacked in the case of a prosthesis having a relatively low height, and the support portion is lowly stacked in the case of a prosthesis having a relatively high height, whereby the height of the iris region F to be printed is fixed regardless of which prosthesis is three-dimensionally printed. The support portion also plays a role of contributing to stable three-dimensional printing of the prosthesis main body and a role of realizing three-dimensional printing at a desired position.
The three-dimensional shape information may be converted into sectional image data assigned with gradation and tone values. That is, the three-dimensional shape information of the prosthetic eye is converted into a plurality of sectional images in the height direction, and the sectional images include 1024 × 768 or more minute pixel combinations. In this case, the gradation or tone information value can be assigned to each pixel to adjust the light energy of the portion actually printed as necessary. Thus, improved surface illuminance values and printing accuracy can be obtained.
The three-dimensional printing height of each sectional image is 12 to 300 micrometers. The reason for this is that: when the height is 12 μm or less, productivity is low, and when the height is 300 μm or more, quality is low.
Next, the artificial eye body is three-dimensionally printed by the three-dimensional printing apparatus based on the three-dimensional shape information (step S20). The three-dimensional printing device of the present invention employs a photo-curing type three-dimensional printing device. Referring to fig. 3, the three-dimensional printing apparatus 100 according to the present invention includes a resin tank 110 for containing a photocurable resin, a photocurable main body 150, and an image light irradiation unit 130. The bottom of the resin tank 110 is transparent, and the photocurable resin is cured layer by the light irradiated from the image light irradiation section 130, thereby forming the object to be molded.
The three-dimensional printing of the invention is to three-dimensionally print the artificial eye by using a surface unit lamination method. By realizing a surface unit lamination method by using pixels of 1024 × 768 or more, the precision of three-dimensional printing is improved by adjusting light energy of micrometer units to reduce excessive hardening caused by light scattering and light projection. Therefore, the artificial eye three-dimensional printed matter of the invention can obtain a finished product with high illumination.
Next, the three-dimensionally printed artificial eye body is subjected to a toxicity treatment (step S30). Even if the raw material is an organism compatibility certification material by an actual certification authority, it is contaminated or deteriorated during the three-dimensional printing process and thus becomes highly harmful to the human body, so that a toxic treatment process is required. For this purpose, the following procedure is carried out: the three-dimensionally printed artificial eye body is soaked in water at 90 to 100 ℃ for 1 to 2 hours. After such a toxic treatment, a cytotoxicity test (MTT Assay) was carried out, and as a result, it was confirmed that the cell survival rate was relatively high.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the results of cell viability according to the concentration of the eluted material of the three-dimensional printed matter subjected to toxicity treatment according to the present invention obtained by the MTT Assay. As shown in fig. 4, the following can be confirmed: when the concentration of the eluted matter from the three-dimensional printed matter subjected to the toxic treatment of the present invention is 0% to 100%, 90% or more of the cells survive. That is, the three-dimensional printed matter subjected to toxic treatment of the present invention is relatively safer even if exposed to the human body.
The Tetrazolium-based colorimetric (MTT) assay can easily and rapidly read out a large number of samples, and thus is a method mainly used for studying cytotoxicity in cultured cells. The metabolic process of the method utilizes the principle that dehydrogenase in the mitochondria of intact cells reduces yellow water-soluble MTT to dark purple water-insoluble MTT formazan (formazan) crystals, and the cytotoxicity can be evaluated by measuring absorbance at a proper wavelength (mainly 500nm to 600 nm). The experimental method of MTT Assay is as follows (c) to (c).
(ii) each well is 1X 104To 1X 106The cells were dispensed into a 96-well plate (well plate). ② adding a substance to be measured to each well at each concentration. ③ at 37 ℃, 5% of CO2The incubation is carried out in an incubator (incubator) for a suitable time so that the test substance can be sufficiently exposed. Fourthly, if the reagent is used in other experiments, the supernatant fluid is removedOtherwise, the original shape is maintained in the board. Fifthly, putting 2mg/ml to 5mg/ml MTT solution. (MTT solution is sensitive to light and therefore minimizes exposure to light).)2The incubator was placed for 4 hours. Removing the MTT solution or directly dispensing Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) without removing the MTT solution. The plate is sufficiently shaken for 10 to 30 minutes in a state where the light is blocked. Ninthly, measuring absorbance (wavelength: 500nm to 600nm) by using a Plate reader.
Next, surface processing is performed so as to display an image set in advance in the iris region F based on the two-dimensional surface processing information (step S40). Fig. 5(a) and 5(b) are perspective views showing a prosthesis body and a surface-treated prosthesis, respectively. Referring to fig. 5(a) and 5(b), the prosthesis body 1 printed by the three-dimensional printing apparatus 100 functions as a basic structure of a frame constituting a prosthesis. Such a prosthesis body 1 is surface-treated by the surface treatment device 300 in such a manner as to exhibit the form as a surface-treated prosthesis 1'. At this time, the surface treatment device 300 performs surface treatment on the artificial eye body 1 based on the surface treatment information generated together with the three-dimensional shape information. The surface treatment may be performed by at least one of various methods such as sublimation transfer printing, dye sublimation, thermal transfer printing, and Ultraviolet (UV) lithography.
Since the surface treatment is performed on the artificial eye body 1 based on the surface treatment information generated together with the three-dimensional shape information, a product similar to the predicted product can be realized, and a relatively quick operation can be realized. The surface treatment device 300 may be configured together with the three-dimensional printing device 100 or elsewhere. In the case where the surface treatment device 300 is disposed together with the three-dimensional printing device 100, the forming and the surface treatment can be performed consistently and continuously.
On the other hand, in order to simultaneously manufacture a plurality of artificial eyes, composite data having three-dimensional shape information and two-dimensional surface treatment information may include a plurality of artificial eye body shapes connected to each other in a transverse direction along columns and rows. Moreover, a plurality of prosthetic eyes along the column and the row can be simultaneously printed in two dimensions. In this case, the following effects are exhibited: a plurality of artificial eyes, which may be the same or different from each other, may be manufactured through one process.
The surface treatment apparatus 300 includes an articulated robot arm 310 and a support table 330 supporting the artificial eye body 1, and the articulated robot arm 310 includes a sublimation transfer coating device, a sublimation transfer device, sublimation transfer ink, and a sublimation transfer coating agent, and may further include at least one surface treatment tool selected from a dye sublimation portion, a thermal transfer portion, a UV lithography portion, a spray nozzle, a brush, a drill, a roller, a grinder, a printer, a cleaner, a post-curing machine, and an ink jet head. Here, the sublimation transfer apparatus, the dye sublimation portion, the thermal transfer portion, and the UV lithography portion may be provided separately without being supported by the articulated robot arm 310.
When the surface treatment device 300 is equipped with a nozzle, ink of various colors can be ejected to perform a color tone treatment on the surface of the artificial eye body 1. Here, the surface treatment apparatus 300 may move the surface treatment tool to a three-dimensional desired position using the three-dimensional shape information, and perform surface treatment so as to have a desired shape using the surface treatment information after the surface treatment tool has moved to the desired position. As described above, the surface treatment apparatus 300 can improve the accuracy of the work by generating the surface treatment information together with the three-dimensional shape information as a basis.
The surface treatment apparatus 300 can clean the artificial eye body 1 with a cleaning machine. The surface treatment apparatus 300 can perform post-curing work on the artificial eye body by using a post-curing machine. The surface treatment device 300 can express a color tone to the artificial eye body by an inkjet printing method using an inkjet head.
The system for manufacturing a prosthetic eye of the present invention may include a control section that controls the three-dimensional printing device 100 and the surface treatment device 300.
Next, the entire surface of the artificial eye is coated with PMMA as a raw material. PMMA is excellent in biocompatibility, durability, and optical properties, and therefore, is suitable as a decorative material. The thickness of the PMMA coating is made 0.5mm to 2.5 mm. In the case where the thickness of the PMMA coating is 0.5mm or less, it is difficult to maintain a uniform coating thickness and a complete coating, and the printed image may be damaged by a slight impact. When the thickness of the PMMA coating layer is 2.5mm or more, the light transmittance becomes low and the visual quality is deteriorated. At this time, the iris region F formed so that the curvature is relatively smaller than that of the other region is coated so as to have the curvature equivalent to that of the other region. That is, in order to easily perform the surface treatment, the curvature of the iris region F formed so as to have a relatively small curvature is restored to the same degree as that of the other region so as to have the same shape as that of the actual eyeball.
After coating the artificial eye with PMMA, the artificial eye is put into a heat sterilizer or an oven for drying and secondary toxicity removing operation. At this time, the heating temperature is 80 ℃ to 120 ℃. When the heating temperature is 80 ℃ or lower, moldability and coatability are remarkably reduced, and when the heating temperature is 120 ℃ or higher, there is a problem that a printed image is deformed or damaged.
Claims (5)
1. A method of manufacturing a prosthetic eye, the method being for manufacturing a prosthetic eye, comprising:
generating artificial eye composite data including three-dimensional shape information of an artificial eye having an iris region and two-dimensional surface processing information corresponding to the iris region;
a step of three-dimensionally printing the prosthesis main body with a three-dimensional printing device based on the three-dimensional shape information;
performing toxicity treatment on the three-dimensionally printed artificial eye main body; and
a step of performing surface treatment so as to display an image preset in the iris region based on the two-dimensional surface treatment information,
the three-dimensional shape information has a flow space that is separated from a conjunctiva surface of a user of the artificial eye, which is measured in advance, by a fixed distance.
2. The method for manufacturing a prosthetic eye according to claim 1, wherein the toxicity treatment step comprises a step of immersing the three-dimensionally printed prosthetic eye body in water at 90 ℃ to 100 ℃ for 1 hour to 2 hours.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the iris region has a relatively smaller curvature than the other regions.
4. The method of claim 3, further comprising the step of coating the surface of the prosthesis with polymethyl methacrylate,
the step of coating the polymethylmethacrylate is to coat the iris region having a relatively smaller curvature than the other region in a manner to have a curvature equivalent to the other region.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of surface treating comprises a step of surface treating the iris region by sublimation transfer.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR2017/006858 WO2019004497A1 (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2017-06-28 | Artificial eye production method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN109462987A CN109462987A (en) | 2019-03-12 |
| CN109462987B true CN109462987B (en) | 2021-01-15 |
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| CN201780002218.2A Active CN109462987B (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2017-06-28 | Method for manufacturing artificial eye |
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| WO (1) | WO2019004497A1 (en) |
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| KR102335747B1 (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2021-12-08 | (주)캐리마 | Manufacturing system of an artificial eye |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060173541A1 (en) * | 2005-02-01 | 2006-08-03 | Mr. Timothy P. Friel | Ocular prosthesis and fabrication method of same |
| CN106232339A (en) * | 2014-02-11 | 2016-12-14 | 曼彻斯特城市大学 | Artificial eye and manufacture thereof |
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| KR100630576B1 (en) * | 2005-01-28 | 2006-10-31 | 전말수 | Bill using computer and manufacturing method |
| JP6363341B2 (en) * | 2010-07-12 | 2018-07-25 | ３シェイプ アー／エス | Method for 3D modeling of objects using texture features |
| GB2487055B (en) * | 2011-01-05 | 2017-08-02 | The Manchester Metropolitan Univ | Artificial eyes and manufacture thereof |
| KR101684101B1 (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2016-12-07 | 오차선 | roduction method of an artificial eye socket filing and eye socket filing |
| KR101557049B1 (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2015-10-06 | 하철 | Artificial eye manufacturing device and artificial eye manufacturing method using it |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060173541A1 (en) * | 2005-02-01 | 2006-08-03 | Mr. Timothy P. Friel | Ocular prosthesis and fabrication method of same |
| CN106232339A (en) * | 2014-02-11 | 2016-12-14 | 曼彻斯特城市大学 | Artificial eye and manufacture thereof |
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| WO2019004497A1 (en) | 2019-01-03 |
| CN109462987A (en) | 2019-03-12 |
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