CN109462478A - Quantum key distribution light source based on spontaneous radiation light source - Google Patents
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229940125730 polarisation modulator Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 8
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/508—Pulse generation, e.g. generation of solitons
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
- H04B10/54—Intensity modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
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- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
Abstract
Present disclose provides a kind of quantum key distribution light sources based on spontaneous radiation light source, and impulse generator is for driving the first intensity modulator, the second intensity modulator and light polarization modulator；Spontaneous radiation light source is for exporting continuous direct current optical signal；Polarization beam apparatus is used to generate the direct current optical signal of linear polarization；Filter is used to carry out spectral filtering to the direct current optical signal of linear polarization；The optical signal that first intensity modulator is used to export filter is modulated, and generates narrow light pulse signal；The narrow light pulse signal that second intensity modulator is used to generate the first intensity modulator is modulated, and signal state needed for generating quantum key distribution inveigles state, vacuum state；Light polarization modulator is used for the optical signal that export to the second intensity modulator and is modulated, needed for generation quantum key distribution+,-, L, R polarization state；The optical signal that attenuator is used to export light polarization modulator carries out the decaying of energy and output.
Description
Technical field
This disclosure relates to quantum communications field, in particular to a kind of quantum key distribution light based on spontaneous radiation light source
Source.
Background technique
Disciplinary Frontiers one of of the quantum communications as current physics are guaranteed based on quantum-mechanical basic physical principle
The Unconditional security of information transmission is that quantum information science moves towards practical developing direction at first.Quantum communications
Core is exactly quantum key distribution (Quantum Key Distribution, QKD), and quantum key distribution may be implemented at a distance of distant
Remote communicating pair shares the quantum key of unconditional security, in conjunction with the encryption method of " one-time pad ", may be implemented by
The secure communication that information theory strict mathematical proves.By emitting more quantum satellites, quantum constellation covering the whole world is set up, then tie
The intercity quantum fiber optic network with metropolitan area in fruit ground, can construct the quantum secret communication network of Incorporate, serve
The Major Strategic Demand in the fields such as national government affairs, military affairs, finance.
BB84 agreement is first QKD agreement that Bennett et al. is proposed in 1984, and so far using most extensively
One of QKD.Due to perfect single-photon source realized at present in technology it is upper still immature, by using based on weak coherent laser source into
Row substitution, it is theoretical in conjunction with state is inveigled, it is QKD light source solution relatively common at present.In the QKD of free space and star ground
In experiment, since fidelity of the atmosphere to polarization state is preferable, mostly uses and encoded based on polarization state, it is corresponding just to need
Using the QKD light source of polarization state, to realize four kinds of polarization states to two orthogonal basic vectors and inveigle three kinds of intensity states of state theory
Stochastic Modulation.
QKD light source encodes information onto the polarization state and intensity state of photon, but be also required to guarantee spectrum, the time,
The consistency of the sides such as space, phase channel, to avoid listener-in by measurement side channel information to the safety structure of communication system
At threat.Currently, the weak coherent laser that QKD light source mainly uses laser to generate is as initial optical signal, it main excellent
Point first is that modulation bandwidth is high, coherence is good, energy concentrate, pulse width it is narrow, be very suitable to the demand of QKD light source.But it is weak
There is also certain disadvantages for coherent laser, and the luminous principle of laser is the coherent light that stimulated radiation generates, due to laser chamber
The photon and carrier in internal portion have certain service life, do not dissipate completely under high repetition frequency, previous pulse excitation
After the latter pulse can be had an impact, cause front and back laser pulse between there are certain phase associations.Especially exist
When system repetition rate is gradually increased, this relevance is just gradually highlighted, this can constitute a threat to the safety of QKD.Needle
To the phase association of pulse before and after the QKD weak coherent light source based on laser, frequency conversion, Active phase can be passed through at present
The two methods such as external modulation realize phase randomization.But frequency conversion method is needed using pump light and nonlinear crystal pair
Quantum light carries out frequency conversion, and system structure is complicated, volume is big and technology realizes that difficulty is high, Active phase external modulation method due to
Need to realize the high speed external modulation of continuous multiple phase states, the use of multiple phase-modulators makes level of integrated system decline and cost
It dramatically increases.Both solutions all substantially increase the complexity of QKD system and realize difficulty, it is difficult to it is logical to meet quantum
Believe system integration and practical demand.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical problems to be solved
In order to solve problem above, the present disclosure proposes a kind of quantum key distribution light source based on spontaneous radiation light source,
Quantum key distribution light-source system structure is simple, cost is lower, be easily achieved and industry is integrated.It is different from laser, spontaneous spoke
The principle of luminosity for penetrating light source is based on spontaneous radiation, and the optical signal generated is exactly that phase is random from principle, and the disclosure has
It solves the problems, such as to effect the phase association of traditional QKD light source based on laser, avoids the leakage pair of phase side channel information
Security risk caused by communication system.
(2) technical solution
Present disclose provides a kind of quantum key distribution light sources based on spontaneous radiation light source, comprising: impulse generator, from
Send out radiating light source, polarization beam apparatus, filter, the first intensity modulator, the second intensity modulator, light polarization modulator and decaying
Device, in which: impulse generator is for driving the first intensity modulator, the second intensity modulator and light polarization modulator；Spontaneous radiation
Light source is for exporting continuous direct current optical signal；Polarization beam apparatus is for carrying out polarization choosing to the continuous direct current optical signal
It selects, to generate the direct current optical signal of linear polarization；Filter is used to carry out spectral filtering to the direct current optical signal of the linear polarization；The
One intensity modulator is used under the action of impulse generator, is modulated, is generated narrow to the optical signal of filter output
Light pulse signal；Second intensity modulator is used under the action of impulse generator, is generated to the first intensity modulator narrow
Light pulse signal be modulated, generate quantum key distribution needed for signal state, inveigle state, vacuum state；Light polarization modulator is used
In under the action of impulse generator, the optical signal of the second intensity modulator output is modulated, quantum key distribution is generated
It is required+,-, L, R polarization state；The optical signal that attenuator is used to export light polarization modulator carries out the decaying of energy and output.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, spontaneous radiation light source is connected using single mode optical fiber with polarization beam apparatus；Polarization
Beam splitter is connected using polarization maintaining optical fibre with filter；Filter is connected using polarization maintaining optical fibre with the first intensity modulator；The last the first
Degree modulator is connected using polarization maintaining optical fibre with the second intensity modulator；Second intensity modulator uses polarization maintaining optical fibre and Polarization Modulation
Device is connected；Light polarization modulator is connected using single mode optical fiber with attenuator；Attenuator is exported using single mode optical fiber；Impulse generator point
Not Shi Yong radio-frequency cable be connected with the first intensity modulator, the second intensity modulator and light polarization modulator.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, spontaneous radiation light source can use light emitting diode or mercury lamp, light-emitting diodes
The operation wavelength of pipe can be 1550nm.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, polarization beam apparatus can use fibre optic polarizing beam splitter, and input port is
Singlemode fiber port, output port are polarization maintaining optical fibre port.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, filter can use wavelength division multiplexer, and filtering line width can be received for 0.8
Rice.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first intensity modulator and the second intensity modulator can be selected based on niobic acid
The intensity modulator of crystalline lithium, bandwidth is in 10GHz or more.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, Polarization Controller can be selected based on lithium columbate crystal or GaAs material
Light polarization modulator, bandwidth is in 10GHz or more.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, attenuator can select electric light variable attenuator, and the optical signal after decaying is flat
Every pulsed light subnumber is between 0.1-1.
(3) beneficial effect
It can be seen from the above technical proposal that the disclosure at least has the advantages that
(1) phase randomness of the disclosure based on spontaneous radiation source spontaneous radiation can fundamentally realize spontaneous spoke
Penetrate the phase randomness that light source issues optical signal, it is ensured that the phase between the light pulse of front and back that light source generates is random.
(2) disclosure efficiently solves traditional base by using the quantum key distribution light source based on spontaneous radiation light source
In the phase association problem of the quantum key distribution light source of laser, the leakage of phase side channel information is avoided to communication system
Caused by security risk.
(3) disclosure is compared with the scheme of traditional frequency conversion or Active phase external modulation, structure is simple, cost more
It is low, be easily achieved and industry is integrated.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the quantum key distribution light-source structure schematic diagram based on light emitting diode according to one embodiment of the disclosure；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of each stage optical signal of quantum key distribution light source of one embodiment of the disclosure.
Specific embodiment
For the purposes, technical schemes and advantages that the disclosure is described in further detail, below in conjunction with specific implementation example, to this
It is open to be further described.
Referring to Fig. 1, one embodiment of the disclosure provides a kind of quantum key distribution light source based on light emitting diode: including
Impulse generator, light emitting diode, polarization beam apparatus, filter, intensity modulator 1, intensity modulator 2, light polarization modulator and
Attenuator.
Specifically, light emitting diode is connected using single mode optical fiber with polarization beam apparatus；Polarization beam apparatus uses polarization maintaining optical fibre
It is connected with filter；Filter is connected using polarization maintaining optical fibre with intensity modulator 1；Intensity modulator 1 is using polarization maintaining optical fibre and by force
Modulator 2 is spent to be connected；Intensity modulator 2 is connected using polarization maintaining optical fibre with light polarization modulator；Light polarization modulator uses single mode optical fiber
It is connected with attenuator；Attenuator is exported using single mode optical fiber.Impulse generator use respectively radio-frequency cable and intensity modulator 1,
Intensity modulator 2, light polarization modulator are connected.
In the present embodiment, light emitting diode is for generating direct current optical signal.Preferably, the operation wavelength of light emitting diode
It can be 1550nm, be the exemplary operation wavelength in classical fiber channel.
Polarization beam apparatus is for carrying out polarization selection to the direct current optical signal that light emitting diode issues, to generate linear polarization
Direct current optical signal.Preferably, polarization beam apparatus can use fibre optic polarizing beam splitter, and input port is singlemode fiber port,
Output port is polarization maintaining optical fibre port.
The direct current optical signal for the linear polarization that filter is used to export polarization beam apparatus carries out spectral filtering.Due to luminous two
The spectral line width of pole pipe itself is wider, generally in tens nanometer scales, needs to carry out narrow-band filtering appropriate, to reduce light source
Line width reduces the ambient noise of quantum key distribution system.Preferably, filter can use wavelength division multiplexer, such as 100G
DWDM product, filtering line width are 0.8 nanometer.
Filtered continuous optical signal enters intensity modulator 1, in the effect for the Continuous Narrow Pulse that impulse generator generates
Under, the continuous optical signal of 1 pair of intensity modulator input is modulated, and generates narrow light pulse signal.Preferably, intensity modulator
1 can select the intensity modulator based on lithium columbate crystal, and bandwidth is in 10GHz or more.By impulse generator generate 400ps or
The narrower electric impulse signal of person, drives intensity modulator 1, light pulse signal that can be narrow with output stage.
The narrow light pulse signal that intensity modulator 1 generates enters intensity modulator 2, in the random arteries and veins that impulse generator generates
Under the action of punching, the narrow light pulse signal of 2 pairs of intensity modulator inputs is modulated, signal needed for generating quantum key distribution
State inveigles three kinds of intensity states such as state, vacuum state.Preferably, intensity modulator 2 can select the intensity tune based on lithium columbate crystal
Device processed, bandwidth is in 10GHz or more.Impulse generator generates the electric impulse signal of three kinds of different voltages amplitudes, to intensity modulated
Device 2 is driven.By the direct current biasing of adjusting strength modulator 2, so that when impulse generator load vacuum state electric pulse letter
Number when, reach maximum delustring, representative value is -20dB；When impulse generator loads signal state electric impulse signal, reaches minimum and disappear
Light, representative value 0dB；When load pulses generator inveigles state electric impulse signal, reaching particular value delustring, representative value is-
6dB。
Narrow light pulse signal after the progress intensity modulated of intensity modulator 2 enters light polarization modulator, produces in impulse generator
Under the action of raw random pulses, light polarization modulator is modulated the narrow light pulse signal of input, generates quantum key distribution
It is required+,-, four kinds of polarization states such as L, R.Preferably, Polarization Controller can be selected based on lithium columbate crystal or GaAs material
Light polarization modulator, bandwidth is in 10GHz or less.The electric impulse signal of four kinds of different voltages amplitudes is generated by impulse generator,
Correspond respectively to light polarization modulator 0, V pi/2, V π, four kinds of specific voltage values such as 3V pi/2, can produce+,-, four kinds of L, R etc.
Polarization state.It should be noted that common H, V in four kinds of polarization states, with quantum key distribution system ,+,-etc. four kinds of polarizations
Be in state principle it is equivalent, can be thus achieved by a piece of quarter-wave plate for being placed on 45 °+,-, L, R to+,-, H, V
Conversion.And since the optical signal for completing light polarization modulator is exported using single mode optical fiber, single mode optical fiber can introduce additional polarization and become
Change, carry out polarization compensation is generally required in quantum key distribution system.This polarization compensation can be realized in receiving end,
Simultaneously can by+,-, L, R to H, V ,+,-compensation realize together, therefore simplify in the disclosure this partial polarization compensate
It introduces.
Optical signal after completing intensity modulated and Polarization Modulation decays to needed for quantum key distribution after attenuator
Single photon magnitude after export.Preferably, attenuator can select electric light variable attenuator, use DC voltage control attenuator
Decaying size.Typically, the optical signal after decaying is averaged every pulsed light subnumber generally between 0.1-1.
Fig. 2 gives the schematic diagram of each stage optical signal of quantum key distribution light source of the present embodiment.Input intensity tune
Before device 1 processed, optical signal is the continuous light of linear polarization；After intensity modulator 1, the burst pulse light of linear polarization is generated；Through too strong
After spending modulator 2, complete pair signals state S, the coding for inveigling three kinds of intensity states such as state D, vacuum state V are generated and are based on intensity coding
Linear polarization burst pulse light；After light polarization modulator, complete pair+,-, the codings of four kinds of polarization states such as L, R, generation is based on
The burst pulse light of the polarization encoder of intensity coding；After attenuator, the output of single photon magnitude is decayed to.
Finally, the quantum key distribution light source of the present embodiment completes the single photon amount of intensity state coding, polarization state coding
The narrow light pulse signal of grade generates, and can satisfy the application demand of quantum key distribution.Simultaneously based on the spontaneous of light emitting diode
Radiation theory, it is ensured that the phase randomness between light pulse signal.
So far, attached drawing is had been combined the disclosure is described in detail.According to above description, those skilled in the art are answered
When having clear understanding to the disclosure.
It should be noted that light emitting diode only represents one kind typically based on the light source of spontaneous radiation, other types
Spontaneous radiation light source (such as mercury lamp) also within the protection scope of this patent.In attached drawing or specification text, it is not painted
Or the implementation of description, it is form known to a person of ordinary skill in the art in technical field, is not described in detail.This
Outside, the above-mentioned definition to each element is not limited in various specific structures, shape or the mode mentioned in embodiment, and this field is general
Logical technical staff simply can be changed or be replaced to it, such as:
(1) direction term mentioned in embodiment, such as "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right" etc. are only ginsengs
The direction of attached drawing is examined, not is used to limit the protection scope of the disclosure；
(2) above-described embodiment can be based on the considerations of design and reliability, and the collocation that is mixed with each other uses or and other embodiments
Mix and match uses, i.e., the technical characteristic in different embodiments can freely form more embodiments.
Particular embodiments described above has carried out further in detail the purpose of the disclosure, technical scheme and beneficial effects
Describe in detail it is bright, it is all it should be understood that be not limited to the disclosure the foregoing is merely the specific embodiment of the disclosure
Within the spirit and principle of the disclosure, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in the guarantor of the disclosure
Within the scope of shield.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of quantum key distribution light source based on spontaneous radiation light source, comprising: impulse generator, spontaneous radiation light source, partially
Shake beam splitter, filter, the first intensity modulator, the second intensity modulator, light polarization modulator and attenuator, in which:
Impulse generator is for driving the first intensity modulator, the second intensity modulator and light polarization modulator；
Spontaneous radiation light source is for exporting continuous direct current optical signal；
Polarization beam apparatus is for carrying out polarization selection to the continuous direct current optical signal, to generate the direct current light letter of linear polarization
Number；
Filter is used to carry out spectral filtering to the direct current optical signal of the linear polarization；
First intensity modulator is used under the action of impulse generator, is modulated to the optical signal of filter output,
Generate narrow light pulse signal；
Second intensity modulator is used under the action of impulse generator, is believed the narrow light pulse that the first intensity modulator generates
It number is modulated, signal state needed for generating quantum key distribution inveigles state, vacuum state；
Light polarization modulator is used under the action of impulse generator, is modulated to the optical signal of the second intensity modulator output,
Generate quantum key distribution needed for+,-, L, R polarization state；
The optical signal that attenuator is used to export light polarization modulator carries out the decaying of energy and output.
2. quantum key distribution light source as described in claim 1,
Spontaneous radiation light source is connected using single mode optical fiber with polarization beam apparatus；
Polarization beam apparatus is connected using polarization maintaining optical fibre with filter；
Filter is connected using polarization maintaining optical fibre with the first intensity modulator；
First intensity modulator is connected using polarization maintaining optical fibre with the second intensity modulator；
Second intensity modulator is connected using polarization maintaining optical fibre with light polarization modulator；
Light polarization modulator is connected using single mode optical fiber with attenuator；
Attenuator is exported using single mode optical fiber；
Impulse generator uses radio-frequency cable and the first intensity modulator, the second intensity modulator and light polarization modulator phase respectively
Even.
3. quantum key distribution light source as described in claim 1, spontaneous radiation light source can use light emitting diode or mercury lamp,
The operation wavelength of light emitting diode can be 1550nm.
4. quantum key distribution light source as described in claim 1, polarization beam apparatus can use fibre optic polarizing beam splitter, defeated
Inbound port is singlemode fiber port, and output port is polarization maintaining optical fibre port.
5. quantum key distribution light source as described in claim 1, filter can use wavelength division multiplexer, and filtering line width can be with
It is 0.8 nanometer.
6. quantum key distribution light source as described in claim 1, the first intensity modulator and the second intensity modulator can select
With the intensity modulator based on lithium columbate crystal, bandwidth is in 10GHz or more.
7. quantum key distribution light source as described in claim 1, Polarization Controller can be selected based on lithium columbate crystal or arsenic
Change the light polarization modulator of gallium material, bandwidth is in 10GHz or more.
8. quantum key distribution light source as described in claim 1, attenuator can select electric light variable attenuator, after decaying
Optical signal is averaged every pulsed light subnumber between 0.1-1.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN110460383A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-11-15 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of quantum key distribution light source |
| CN111510207A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-08-07 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Source end light intensity fluctuation testing method in quantum key distribution system |
| CN111857207A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2020-10-30 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Voltage feedback method of quantum key distribution intensity modulator |
| CN113541807A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-10-22 | 广东国腾量子科技有限公司 | Light source coding driving system for quantum key distribution |
| EP4224782A1 (en) * | 2022-02-07 | 2023-08-09 | Aegiq Ltd | Free space quantum key distribution |
| TWI828111B (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2024-01-01 | 國立中央大學 | Adiabatic coupling phase modulation modules, devices and quantum key distribution systems |
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