CN109457169A - A kind of smelting process of P91 steel - Google Patents
A kind of smelting process of P91 steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN109457169A CN109457169A CN201811590569.2A CN201811590569A CN109457169A CN 109457169 A CN109457169 A CN 109457169A CN 201811590569 A CN201811590569 A CN 201811590569A CN 109457169 A CN109457169 A CN 109457169A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of smelting processes of P91 steel, including electric arc furnaces slightly refines, AOD furnace refining and LF (VD) furnace refinery by de-gassing.The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention prepares P91 steel using the smelting process that electric arc furnaces AOD furnace and LF (VD) furnace combine, the smelting process can use inexpensive alloy and return to material as raw material, with the gas content that can be effectively controlled in alloy, the alloy prepared can meet the quality requirements of P91 steel, and lower production costs.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal smelt field more particularly to a kind of smelting processes of P91 steel.
Background technique
With the rapid development of power industry, high parameter, large sized unit are continued to bring out, compacted to the high temperature of used material
Denaturation can and stress resistance can wait that more stringent requirements are proposed.P91 steel is with its good high-temperature and durable length, thermal stability and height
The comprehensive performances such as warm creep resisting ability have a wide range of applications on the superheater, reheater and main steam line of station boiler.
The main chemical compositions of P91 steel are C 0.08-0.12%, P≤0.020%, S≤0.010%, N 0.03-
0.07%, Cr 8.0-9.5%, Ni≤0.40%, Mo 0.85-1.05%, N 0.03-0.07%, H≤2ppm, O≤50ppm.
It is mainly manufactured at present using two kinds of processes of electric arc furnaces+AOD furnace or electric arc furnaces+LF (VD) furnace, but both methods
Have the shortcomings that larger: the former can be largely using inexpensive alloy or return material, but gas content is unable to stability contorting；
The latter can must use expensive alloy with stability contorting gas content, increase cost.
Summary of the invention
Aiming at the problem that present invention cannot be considered in terms of control cost and stabilizing gas content during existing P91 steel smelting, mention
For a kind of smelting process of P91 steel.
The technical scheme to solve the above technical problems is that a kind of smelting process of P91 steel, which is characterized in that
Include the following steps:
A, electric arc furnaces slightly refines
A1, melting charge is added according to the following ratio: steel scrap 77-89wt%, returning to material 5-10wt%, pig iron 5-10wt%, molybdenum
Iron 0.5-1wt%, ferrosilicon 0.3-1wt%, carburant 0.2-1wt%, carburant moisture≤0.30wt%；
Lime and fluorite is added after A2, melting into molten steel；
A3, temperature are greater than 1600 DEG C, and after dephosphorization to less than 0.005wt%, ferrochrome and manganese iron is added；
A4, it taps after skimming greater than 90%, 1650-1660 DEG C of tapping temperature；
B, AOD furnace refines
B1, by auxiliary material ferrosilicon, aluminium ingot and 400 DEG C of calcium-silicon or more baking no less than 4 hours；
B2, thick steel-making water obtained by step A4 is transferred in AOD furnace, lime is added and is refined；
B3, when carbon content is less than 0.09wt% and temperature and is greater than 1600 DEG C, ferrosilicon is added and aluminium ingot is restored, restores
Time is not less than 8 minutes；
B4,1660-1680 DEG C of tappings；
C, LF (VD) furnace refinery by de-gassing
C1, refined molten steel obtained by step B4 is transferred in LF furnace, setting VD vacuum degree is not higher than 67 pas, degasification time
10-15 minutes；
After C2, broken sky, molten steel chemical component is adjusted；
C3,1600-1620 DEG C of tappings.
Wherein, in step A1, the carburant is petroleum coke carburant, graphitization carburant or natural graphite carburant
One of；In step A2, the lime consumption is 50-80 kgs/tonne of molten steel, and fluorite dosage is≤40 kgs/tonne of molten steel；Step
Ferrochrome dosage described in rapid A3 is 120-130 kgs/tonne of molten steel, and the manganese iron dosage is 1.8-2.2 kgs/tonne of molten steel；Step
In B2, the lime consumption is 80-100 kgs/tonne of molten steel；In step B3, the ferrosilicon dosage is 10-30 kgs/tonne of molten steel,
The aluminium ingot dosage is 5-10 kgs/tonne of molten steel；Calcium-silicon, dosage 0.8- is added with steel stream in step B4 tapping process
1.5 kgs/tonne of molten steel；Step C2 molten steel chemical component adjusted meets: C 0.09-0.10wt%, P≤0.015wt%, S
≤ 0.001wt%, Cr 8.2-8.5wt%, Mo 0.85-1.0wt%, N 0.035-0.050wt%, H≤0.0002wt%, O
≤ 0.005wt%.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the smelting process preparation that the present invention is combined using electric arc furnaces AOD furnace and LF (VD) furnace
P91 steel, the smelting process can use inexpensive alloy and return to material as raw material, be contained with the gas that can be effectively controlled in alloy
Amount, the alloy prepared can meet the quality requirements of P91 steel, and lower production costs.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with example, present invention is described, and the given examples are served only to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit this
The range of invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of smelting process of P91 steel, includes the following steps:
Electric arc furnaces slightly refines: addition melting charge proportion is steel scrap 77wt%, returns to material 10wt%, pig iron 10wt%, molybdenum-iron
1wt%, ferrosilicon 1wt%, petroleum coke carburant 1wt%, petroleum coke carburant moisture are 0.30wt%, are added after melting into molten steel
Enter lime and fluorite, lime consumption is 50 kgs/tonne of molten steel, and fluorite dosage is 20 kgs/tonne of molten steel, is greater than 1600 to temperature
DEG C, after dephosphorization to less than 0.005wt%, ferrochrome and manganese iron is added, ferrochrome dosage is 120 kg/ton molten steel, and manganese iron dosage is
1.8 kgs/tonne of molten steel, tap after skimming greater than 90%, and 1660 DEG C of tapping temperature；
AOD furnace refining: auxiliary material ferrosilicon, aluminium ingot and 400 DEG C of calcium-silicon are toasted 7 hours, by thick steel-making obtained by step A4
Water is transferred in AOD furnace, and lime is added and is refined, and lime consumption is 80 kgs/tonne of molten steel, when carbon content is less than 0.09wt%
And temperature is added ferrosilicon and aluminium ingot and is restored, ferrosilicon dosage is 10 kgs/tonne of molten steel, and aluminium ingot dosage is 5 when being greater than 1600 DEG C
Kg/tonne molten steel, the recovery time 12 minutes, calcium-silicon, dosage 0.8 was added with steel stream in tapping process in 1680 DEG C of tappings
Kg/tonne molten steel；
LF (VD) furnace refinery by de-gassing: refined molten steel obtained by step B4 is transferred in LF furnace, and setting VD vacuum degree is 67 pas,
The degasification time 15 minutes, after breaking sky, adjust molten steel chemical component, 1600 DEG C of tappings.
Embodiment 2
A kind of smelting process of P91 steel, includes the following steps:
Electric arc furnaces slightly refines: addition melting charge proportion is steel scrap 83wt%, returns to material 7wt%, pig iron 8wt%, molybdenum-iron
0.7wt%, ferrosilicon 0.7wt%, graphite carburant 0.6wt%, graphitization carburant moisture are 0.25wt%, Xiang Gangshui after melting
Middle addition lime and fluorite, lime consumption are 65 kgs/tonne of molten steel, and fluorite dosage is 30 kgs/tonne of molten steel, are greater than to temperature
1600 DEG C, after dephosphorization to less than 0.005wt%, ferrochrome and manganese iron is added, ferrochrome dosage is 125 kgs/tonne of molten steel, manganese iron dosage
For 2 kgs/tonne of molten steel, tap after skimming greater than 90%, 1655 DEG C of tapping temperature；
AOD furnace refining:, will be thick obtained by step A4 by auxiliary material ferrosilicon, aluminium ingot and 500 DEG C of calcium-silicon or more baking 6 hours
Steel-making water is transferred in AOD furnace, and lime is added and is refined, and lime consumption is 90 kgs/tonne of molten steel when carbon content is less than
When 0.09wt% and temperature are greater than 1600 DEG C, ferrosilicon is added and aluminium ingot is restored, ferrosilicon dosage is 20 kgs/tonne of molten steel, aluminium
Ingot dosage is 8 kgs/tonne of molten steel, and the recovery time 10 minutes, 1670 DEG C were tapped, and calcium-silicon is added with steel stream in tapping process,
Dosage is 1.2 kgs/tonne of molten steel；
LF (VD) furnace refinery by de-gassing: refined molten steel obtained by step B4 is transferred in LF furnace, and setting VD vacuum degree is 65 pas,
The degasification time 13 minutes, after breaking sky, adjust molten steel chemical component, 1610 DEG C of tappings.
Embodiment 3
A kind of smelting process of P91 steel, includes the following steps:
Electric arc furnaces slightly refines: addition melting charge proportion is steel scrap 89wt%, returns to material 5wt%, pig iron 5wt%, molybdenum-iron
0.5wt%, ferrosilicon 0.3wt%, natural graphite carburant 0.2wt%, natural graphite carburant moisture 0.2wt%, melting are backward
Lime and fluorite are added in molten steel, lime consumption is 80 kgs/tonne of molten steel, and fluorite dosage is 40 kgs/tonne of molten steel, big to temperature
In 1600 DEG C, after dephosphorization to less than 0.005wt%, ferrochrome and manganese iron is added, ferrochrome dosage is 130 kgs/tonne of molten steel, and manganese iron is used
Amount is 2.2 kgs/tonne of molten steel, is tapped after skimming greater than 90%, 1650 DEG C of tapping temperature；
AOD furnace refining:, will be thick obtained by step A4 by auxiliary material ferrosilicon, aluminium ingot and 550 DEG C of calcium-silicon or more baking 4 hours
Steel-making water is transferred in AOD furnace, and lime is added and is refined, lime consumption is 100 kgs/tonne of molten steel, when carbon content is less than
When 0.09wt% and temperature are greater than 1600 DEG C, ferrosilicon is added and aluminium ingot is restored, ferrosilicon dosage is 30 kgs/tonne of molten steel, aluminium
Ingot dosage is 10 kgs/tonne of molten steel, and the recovery time 8 minutes, 1660 DEG C were tapped, and calcium-silicon is added with steel stream in tapping process,
Dosage is 1.5 kgs/tonne of molten steel；
LF (VD) furnace refinery by de-gassing: refined molten steel obtained by step B4 is transferred in LF furnace, and setting VD vacuum degree is 67 pas,
The degasification time 10 minutes, after breaking sky, adjust molten steel chemical component, 1620 DEG C of tappings.
Table 1 is P91 steel main chemical compositions content balance obtained by embodiment 1-3, as can be seen from the table, embodiment
The P91 steel main chemical compositions index that the smelting process that 1-3 prepares P91 steel obtains is within existing P91 steel standard.
P91 steel main chemical compositions content obtained by 1. embodiment 1-3 of table
| C (wt%) | P (wt%) | S (wt%) | Cr (wt%) | Mo (wt%) | N (wt%) | H (wt%) | O (wt%) | |
| 1 | 0.1 | 0.015 | 0.00094 | 8.5 | 0.93 | 0.035 | 0.00018 | 0.005 |
| 2 | 0.093 | 0.009 | 0.00095 | 8.43 | 1 | 0.042 | 0.0002 | 0.0032 |
| 3 | 0.09 | 0.011 | 0.001 | 8.2 | 0.85 | 0.05 | 0.00019 | 0.0047 |
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of smelting process of P91 steel, which comprises the steps of:
A, electric arc furnaces slightly refines
A1, melting charge is added according to the following ratio: steel scrap 77-89wt%, returning to material 5-10wt%, pig iron 5-10wt%, molybdenum-iron
0.5-1wt%, ferrosilicon 0.3-1wt%, carburant 0.2-1wt%, carburant moisture≤0.30wt%；
Lime and fluorite is added after A2, melting into molten steel；
A3, temperature are greater than 1600 DEG C, and after dephosphorization to less than 0.005wt%, ferrochrome and manganese iron is added；
A4, it taps after skimming greater than 90%, 1650-1660 DEG C of tapping temperature；
B, AOD furnace refines
B1, by auxiliary material ferrosilicon, aluminium ingot and 400 DEG C of calcium-silicon or more baking no less than 4 hours；
B2, thick steel-making water obtained by step A4 is transferred in AOD furnace, lime is added and is refined；
B3, when carbon content is less than 0.09wt% and temperature and is greater than 1600 DEG C, ferrosilicon is added and aluminium ingot is restored, the recovery time
Not less than 8 minutes；
B4,1660-1680 DEG C of tappings；
C, LF (VD) furnace refinery by de-gassing
C1, refined molten steel obtained by step B4 is transferred in LF furnace, setting VD vacuum degree is not higher than 67 pas, degasification time 10-15
Minute；
After C2, broken sky, molten steel chemical component is adjusted；
C3,1600-1620 DEG C of tappings.
2. the smelting process of P91 steel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step A2, the lime consumption is
50-80 kgs/tonne of molten steel, fluorite dosage are≤40 kgs/tonne of molten steel.
3. the smelting process of P91 steel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that ferrochrome dosage described in step A3 is
120-130 kgs/tonne of molten steel, the manganese iron dosage are 1.8-2.2 kgs/tonne of molten steel.
4. the smelting process of P91 steel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step B2, the lime consumption is
80-100 kgs/tonne of molten steel.
5. the smelting process of P91 steel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step B3, the ferrosilicon dosage is
10-30 kgs/tonne of molten steel, the aluminium ingot dosage are 5-10 kgs/tonne of molten steel.
6. the smelting process of P91 steel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that add in step B4 tapping process with steel stream
Enter calcium-silicon, dosage is 0.8-1.5 kgs/tonne of molten steel.
7. the smelting process of P91 steel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step C2 molten steel chemistry adjusted at
Divide and meet: C 0.09-0.10wt%, P≤0.015wt%, S≤0.001wt%, Cr 8.2-8.5wt%, Mo 0.85-
1.0wt%, N 0.035-0.050wt%, H≤0.0002wt%, O≤0.005wt%.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110499404A (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2019-11-26 | 安徽富凯特材有限公司 | A kind of 12Cr2Ni4Steel grade smelting process |
| CN115261706A (en) * | 2022-08-02 | 2022-11-01 | 河南中原特钢装备制造有限公司 | Preparation method of martensitic stainless steel continuous casting round billet for photovoltaic glass calendering roll |
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| CN103114244A (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2013-05-22 | 通裕重工股份有限公司 | Martensite stainless steel smelting process |
| CN106636953A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-05-10 | 中原特钢股份有限公司 | Method for smelting martensitic stainless steel P91 for boiler pipe |
| CN107287502A (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-10-24 | 中原特钢股份有限公司 | A kind of nitrogenous steel smelting process |
| CN108660359A (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2018-10-16 | 河南中原特钢装备制造有限公司 | The continuous cast round billets production method of inexpensive ultra supercritical high-pressure boiler tube |
-
2018
- 2018-12-25 CN CN201811590569.2A patent/CN109457169A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103114244A (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2013-05-22 | 通裕重工股份有限公司 | Martensite stainless steel smelting process |
| CN106636953A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-05-10 | 中原特钢股份有限公司 | Method for smelting martensitic stainless steel P91 for boiler pipe |
| CN107287502A (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-10-24 | 中原特钢股份有限公司 | A kind of nitrogenous steel smelting process |
| CN108660359A (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2018-10-16 | 河南中原特钢装备制造有限公司 | The continuous cast round billets production method of inexpensive ultra supercritical high-pressure boiler tube |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110499404A (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2019-11-26 | 安徽富凯特材有限公司 | A kind of 12Cr2Ni4Steel grade smelting process |
| CN110499404B (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2021-03-19 | 安徽富凯特材有限公司 | Smelting method of 12Cr2Ni4 steel |
| CN115261706A (en) * | 2022-08-02 | 2022-11-01 | 河南中原特钢装备制造有限公司 | Preparation method of martensitic stainless steel continuous casting round billet for photovoltaic glass calendering roll |
| CN115261706B (en) * | 2022-08-02 | 2023-06-02 | 河南中原特钢装备制造有限公司 | Preparation method of martensitic stainless steel continuous casting round billet for photovoltaic glass calendaring roller |
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