CN109457092A - A kind of method that the mechanical lapping of resistance heating auxiliary surface forms gradient nano structure - Google Patents
A kind of method that the mechanical lapping of resistance heating auxiliary surface forms gradient nano structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN109457092A CN109457092A CN201811175712.1A CN201811175712A CN109457092A CN 109457092 A CN109457092 A CN 109457092A CN 201811175712 A CN201811175712 A CN 201811175712A CN 109457092 A CN109457092 A CN 109457092A
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- resistance heating
- metal works
- surface mechanical
- nano structure
- gradient nano
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/10—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for compacting surfaces, e.g. shot-peening
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The present invention relates to surface engineering technologies and technical field of laser processing, and in particular to a kind of method that the mechanical lapping of resistance heating auxiliary surface forms gradient nano structure.Metal works are heated using workpiece electrical resistance heating, temperature controls in dynamic recrystallization temperature range, carries out large area reinforcing to metal works using surface mechanical attrition treatment technique immediately after heating, obtains the gradient nano structure of deeper degree.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to surface engineering technologies and surface mechanical attrition technical field, and in particular to a kind of resistance heating auxiliary
The method of surface mechanical attrition formation gradient nano structure.
Background technique
Nano metal material has intensity and hardness height, physical property, polishing machine and the advantages such as hot-working character is good.But
It is significantly improving along with intensity and hardness, the plasticity and toughness of nano structural material are substantially reduced, work hardening capacity disappears
It loses, structural stability variation, above-mentioned deficiency constrains the application and development of nano structural material.As engineering structure is to high intensity
With light-weighted development, traditional homogeneous material, such as coarse grain material and nanocrystalline material have all been unable to satisfy engineering structure part
Performance requirement under extreme Service Environment.Metal research institute, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Lu Ke academician's research shows that: the intensity of metal material
Increase is intensity-plasticity comprehensive performance of nanocrystalline-coarse-grain mixing material to sacrifice coarse-grain or nanocrystalline plasticity as cost
It is not high.But gradient nano material shows excellent intensity-plasticity comprehensive performance.Obviously, the gradient constructed based on plastic deformation
Nanostructure, the comprehensive characteristics with fine grain and coarse-grain, can effectively overcome the defect of nanostructure inductile and low tenacity, hence it is evident that
Intensity, wearability and the thermal stability for promoting metal works, improve the comprehensive performance of metal works to the full extent.
Surface mechanical attrition treatment (surface mechanical attrition treatment, SMAT) be one is
Gradient nano structure preparation process the most effective.It is flown under vibration machine effect by steel ball and to metal works
Surface carries out that high strain-rate, direction be random, plastic deformation of Strain Accumulation, and the surface of workpiece being knocked generates plastic deformation
And form from outward appearance to inner essence the gradient nano structure of large scale variation.But the plastic deformation layer that surface mechanical attrition treatment is induced
It is shallower, the germinating in the tired source in metal works surface layer or less cannot be effectively eliminated.
Workpiece resistance heating refers to that the alternating current after decompression directly passes through workpiece, and generating heat by workpiece resistance itself makes
Workpiece temperature improves.When electric heating, temperature is easily controllable, non-environmental-pollution, and the thermal efficiency is high.Can have by increasing deformation temperature
Effect improves the plasticity of metal works, meanwhile, high temperature can also generate beneficial microstructure change, and high temperature makes nanoscale precipitated phase in gold
It is generated in metal work-pieces, to achieve the effect that precipitation strength;When temperature reaches the dynamic recrystallization temperature of metal works, metal
Workpiece surface occurs dynamic recrystallization and achievees the effect that refined crystalline strengthening to make crystal grain refinement.
Summary of the invention
For the shortcomings of the prior art, to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention proposes a kind of resistance to add
Heat auxiliary mechanical lapping forms the complex method of gradient nano structure.Metal works are added using workpiece electrical resistance heating
Heat, temperature control in dynamic recrystallization temperature range, immediately using surface mechanical attrition treatment technique to metal work after heating
Part carries out large area reinforcing, obtains the gradient nano structure of deeper degree.
The metal work piece materials are that copper, aluminium alloy, titanium alloy, magnesium alloy, stainless steel, nickel base superalloy etc. are applied to
The metal material of the crucial important component of the industries such as aerospace, automobile steamer, chemical industry.
The workpiece resistance heating process are as follows: metal works surface to be treated is successively first used into 400#, 600#, 800#,
1000#, 1200#, 1500# and 2000# sand paper are polished and are polished, and remove the oxide layer of surface of workpiece, then spend
Ionized water is cleaned by ultrasonic, and the abrasive dust and dirt of surface of workpiece are removed;By metal works clamping in surface mechanical attrition
After in processing equipment, the alternating current after decompression is directly passed through into metal works, according to the dynamic recrystallization temperature of metal works
The resistance of degree and metal works itself determines Current Voltage, heats to it.
The surface mechanical attrition treatment process are as follows: determine surface mechanical attrition treatment work relevant to metal work piece materials
Pellet diameter, pellet roughness, vibration frequency and the processing time of skill, after metal works are heated to dynamic recrystallization temperature,
Stop heating, wide area surface mechanical lapping processing is carried out to the pending area of metal works immediately.
The dynamic recrystallization temperature is 0.3~0.5 times of metal work piece materials fusing point.
The technological parameter of the surface mechanical attrition treatment are as follows: the pellet is cast steel ball, and shot diameter is 2~8mm, institute
Stating shot roughness is Ra 0.8~1.6, and the vibration frequency is 30~80Hz, and the processing time is 5~30min.
After the resistance heating auxiliary surface mechanical lapping processing, the gradient of deeper depth is obtained on metal works surface layer
Nanostructured layers, and the plasticity on metal works surface layer is improved, to obtain more preferably nanometer scale-on metal works surface layer
Sub-micrometer scale-micron dimension gradient-structure layer.
After measured, using the resistance heating auxiliary surface mechanical lapping formed gradient nano structure method 316L not
Rust steel surface prepares gradient nano structure sheaf, and nanometer scale structure thickness is 50~80 μm, and sub-micrometer scale structure thickness is
110~150 μm, entire crystal grain refinement thickness is 800~900 μm.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) present invention effectively realizes surface of workpiece (aluminium alloy, titanium alloy, magnesium alloy, stainless steel and nickel-base high-temperature
Alloy etc.) gradient nano structure sheaf preparation, and when workpiece resistance heating, temperature is easily controllable, non-environmental-pollution, the thermal efficiency
Height, for the industries metal key important component such as aerospace, automobile steamer, chemical industry reinforcing, repair to provide and a kind of novel have
Effect, energy-saving and environment-friendly method.
(2) present invention makes metal works bulk temperature reach dynamic recrystallization temperature by workpiece resistance heating, facilitates
Refractory metal workpiece surface dynamic recrystallization, so that nanosizing, can obtain depth on metal work piece materials surface layer
Gradient nano structure sheaf, while optimizing the surface layer gradient nano structure of cavity disperse characteristic, for current techniques limitation, in conjunction with working as
The feasibility of preceding technology innovatively proposes a kind of practicable method.
(3) present invention effectively increases the surface quality of metal work piece materials, after effectively reducing surface of workpiece
The cost of reason.
(4) plasticity on metal work piece materials surface not only can be improved in the present invention, but also its surface strength can be improved, from
And " plasticity-intensity " inversion problem is breached, increase substantially the comprehensive mechanical property such as fatigue life, wear-resisting property of metal works
Can, to reduce the consumptive material of metal works.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or in the prior art more clearly, below will be to example or existing
Attached drawing needed in technical description is briefly described.
Fig. 1 is the schematic device that the mechanical lapping of resistance heating auxiliary surface forms gradient nano structural approach.
Fig. 2 is grain size distribution of the 316L stainless steel on depth direction.
Fig. 3 is crystallite dimension variation of the industrial pure copper after surface mechanical attrition treatment on depth direction.
Fig. 4 is crystallite dimension of the industrial pure copper after resistance heating auxiliary surface mechanical lapping processing on depth direction
Variation.
In figure: 1- specimen holder, 2- insulating washer, 3- electric installation, 4- test button, 5- container, 6- pellet, 7- vibration
Dynamic generator.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but the present invention should not be only
It is limited to embodiment.
Embodiment one
A kind of example preparing 316L stainless steel surface layer gradient nano structure using the above method, the steps include:
(1) two pieces of 316L stainless steel materials with a thickness of 5mm are selected, two plates pass through 900 DEG C of vacuum annealing 3h, point
It is not denoted as sample 1 and sample 2, wherein sample 1 is control sample.
(2) 400#, 600#, 800#, 1000#, 1200#, 1500# are successively used into two sample upper surfaces in step (1)
It is polished and is polished with 2000# sand paper, remove the oxide layer of surface of workpiece, then carried out with deionized water ultrasonic clear
It washes, removes the abrasive dust and dirt of surface of workpiece.
(3) surface mechanical attrition treatment is carried out to sample 1, wherein surface mechanical attrition treatment parameter is as follows: shot diameter
For 8mm, shot roughness is Ra 1.6, and vibration frequency 50Hz, the processing time is 30min.
(4) resistance heating auxiliary surface mechanical lapping processing, the fusing point T of 316L stainless steel are carried out to sample 2m=1380
DEG C, so connecting electric installation 3, electrified regulation to dynamic recrystallization temperature T=0.4Tm=552 DEG C, wherein surface mechanical attrition
Processing parameter is as follows: shot diameter is 8mm, and shot roughness is Ra 1.6, and vibration frequency 50Hz, the processing time is 25min.
As shown in Fig. 2, 2 crystallite dimension of sample is by surface to matrix: nanometer layer (crystallite dimension < 100nm) with a thickness of 50~
80 μm, sub-micron layer (crystallite dimension < 400nm) is with a thickness of 110~150 μm, crystal grain refinement layer (crystallite dimension < 1000nm) thickness
It is 800~900 μm, compares sample 1, the depth of entire gradient-structure layer is significantly increased, moreover, resistance heating auxiliary surface
The mechanical lapping processing time is shorter, shows that the present invention can efficiently improve the depth of entire plastic deformation layer.
Embodiment two
A kind of example preparing industrial pure copper surface layer gradient nano structure using the above method, the steps include:
(1) two blocks of industrial pure copper plate (purity > 99.9wt.%) with a thickness of 5mm is selected, two plates pass through 700
After DEG C vacuum annealing 2h, it is denoted as sample 3 and sample 4 respectively, wherein sample 3 is control sample.
(2) 400#, 600#, 800#, 1000#, 1200#, 1500# are successively used into two sample upper surfaces in step (1)
It is polished and is polished with 2000# sand paper, remove the oxide layer of surface of workpiece, then carried out with deionized water ultrasonic clear
It washes, removes the abrasive dust and dirt of surface of workpiece.
(3) surface mechanical attrition treatment is carried out to sample 3, wherein surface mechanical attrition treatment parameter is as follows: shot diameter
For 8mm, shot roughness is Ra 1.6, and vibration frequency 50Hz, the processing time is 20min.
(4) resistance heating auxiliary surface mechanical lapping processing, the fusing point T of industrial pure copper are carried out to sample 4m=1083 DEG C,
So connecting electric installation 3, electrified regulation to dynamic recrystallization temperature T=0.4Tm=433.2 DEG C, wherein surface mechanical attrition
Processing parameter is as follows: shot diameter is 8mm, and shot roughness is Ra 1.6, and vibration frequency 50Hz, the processing time is 15min.
As shown in figure 3, according to crystallite dimension, by surface to matrix: nanometer layer (crystallite dimension < 100nm) with a thickness of 20 μm,
Sub-micron layer (crystallite dimension < 400nm) is with a thickness of 180 μm, and crystal grain refinement layer (crystallite dimension < 1000nm) is with a thickness of 400 μm.
As shown in figure 4, by surface to matrix: nanometer layer (crystallite dimension < 100nm) thickness is about 35 μ according to crystallite dimension
M, sub-micron layer (crystallite dimension < 400nm) thickness is about 265 μm, and crystal grain refinement layer (crystallite dimension < 1000nm) is with a thickness of 600 μ
m。
Comparison can obtain, resistance heating auxiliary surface mechanical lapping processing industrial pure copper nanometer layer (crystallite dimension <
100nm), the thickness of sub-micron layer (crystallite dimension < 400nm) and crystal grain refinement layer (crystallite dimension < 1000nm) is all increased
Add, moreover, the resistance heating auxiliary surface mechanical lapping processing time is shorter, shows that the present invention can efficiently improve entire plasticity
The depth of deformation layer.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method that resistance heating auxiliary surface mechanical lapping forms gradient nano structure, which is characterized in that specific steps
It is as follows: metal works to be heated using workpiece electrical resistance heating, temperature controls in dynamic recrystallization temperature range, heating
Large area reinforcing is carried out to metal works using surface mechanical attrition treatment technique immediately afterwards, to obtain on metal works surface layer
Nanometer scale-sub-micrometer scale-micron dimension gradient-structure layer.
2. the method that a kind of resistance heating auxiliary surface mechanical lapping as described in claim 1 forms gradient nano structure,
It is characterized in that, the metal work piece materials are copper, aluminium alloy, titanium alloy, magnesium alloy, stainless steel or nickel base superalloy.
3. the method that a kind of resistance heating auxiliary surface mechanical lapping as described in claim 1 forms gradient nano structure,
It is characterized in that, the workpiece resistance heating process are as follows: metal works surface to be treated is successively first used into 400#, 600#, 800#,
1000#, 1200#, 1500# and 2000# sand paper are polished and are polished, and remove the oxide layer of surface of workpiece, then spend
Ionized water is cleaned by ultrasonic, and the abrasive dust and dirt of surface of workpiece are removed;By metal works clamping in surface mechanical attrition
After in processing equipment, the alternating current after decompression is directly passed through into metal works, according to the dynamic recrystallization temperature of metal works
The resistance of degree and metal works itself determines Current Voltage, heats to it.
4. the method that a kind of resistance heating auxiliary surface mechanical lapping as described in claim 1 forms gradient nano structure,
It is characterized in that, the surface mechanical attrition treatment process are as follows: determine surface mechanical attrition treatment relevant to metal work piece materials
Pellet diameter, pellet roughness, vibration frequency and the processing time of technique, dynamic recrystallization temperature is heated to metal works
Afterwards, stop heating, wide area surface mechanical lapping processing is carried out to the pending area of metal works immediately.
5. the method that a kind of resistance heating auxiliary surface mechanical lapping as described in claim 1 forms gradient nano structure,
It is characterized in that, the dynamic recrystallization temperature is 0.3~0.5 times of metal work piece materials fusing point.
6. the method that a kind of resistance heating auxiliary surface mechanical lapping as described in claim 1 forms gradient nano structure,
It being characterized in that, the technological parameter of the surface mechanical attrition treatment are as follows: the pellet is cast steel ball, and shot diameter is 2~8mm,
The shot roughness is Ra 0.8~1.6, and the vibration frequency is 30~80Hz, and the processing time is 5~30min.
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Cited By (8)
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CN110722460A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-01-24 | 广州大学 | Electromagnetic reinforced grinding equipment for processing surface of metal plate |
CN110757330A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-02-07 | 广州大学 | Electromagnetic reinforced grinding equipment for machining roller path of cylindrical thrust roller bearing |
CN110788559A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-02-14 | 广州大学 | Micro-texture processing equipment for surface of metal plate |
CN112646964A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-13 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | High-temperature alloy with gradient nano-structure surface layer and preparation method thereof |
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CN110757330A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-02-07 | 广州大学 | Electromagnetic reinforced grinding equipment for machining roller path of cylindrical thrust roller bearing |
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CN113681445A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-11-23 | 广州大学 | Efficient ultrasonic wave reinforced grinding equipment and method |
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CN113560670A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-10-29 | 燕山大学 | Electricity-assisted double-face-to-face plate grinding device |
CN113560670B (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2023-03-10 | 燕山大学 | Electricity-assisted double-face plate grinding device |
CN114346397A (en) * | 2022-01-29 | 2022-04-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for reducing titanium alloy diffusion bonding temperature through surface mechanical grinding treatment |
CN114346397B (en) * | 2022-01-29 | 2023-08-08 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for reducing diffusion connection temperature of titanium alloy by surface mechanical grinding treatment |
CN114921739A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-08-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Preparation method of high-thermal-stability surface nanocrystalline titanium material |
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