CN109456696A - A kind of solar water heater heat absorption layer composition of high conversion - Google Patents
A kind of solar water heater heat absorption layer composition of high conversion Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to thermal-arrest field of material technology, and in particular to a kind of solar water heater heat absorption layer composition of high conversion.The composition is used for flat plate collector surface covering；Heat absorption layer material includes the absorption film positioned at thermal-arrest panel surface, and the energy storage film above absorption film, absorption film are the black chromium plating formed by plating, and the thicknesses of layers of energy storage film is 3.5-5 μm.The raw material components of energy storage film include: black organic solvent, adhesive, radiation accumulation of energy agent, nanometer silicon carbide, ferrimanganic, sodium nitrite and silane coupling agent.Wherein, adhesive is acrylic resin modified siloxane polymer；Organic solvent is the mixture of isopropanol, ethyl acetate and dimethylbenzene.The type composition reduces the mode of itself reflectivity and radiation intensity by improving the solar radiation absorptivity of heat-sink shell, significantly improves the solar energy conversion ratio of flat plate collector.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to thermal-arrest field of material technology, and in particular to a kind of solar water heater heat-sink shell group of high conversion
Close object.
Background technique
Solar water heater is the heating device for converting the luminous energy of the sun to thermal energy, by water from low-temperature heat to high temperature,
It is used with meeting hot water of the people in life, production.Solar water heater is divided into vacuum pipe solar by structure type
Hydrophone and flat solar water heater.Electron tubes type domestic solar water heater is by phases such as thermal-collecting tube, water tank and brackets
Spare and accessory parts composition is closed, solar energy is converted into thermal energy and relies primarily on evacuated collector tube, evacuated collector tube utilizes hot water floating cold water
The principle of sinking makes water generate microcirculation and obtain required hot water.Vacuum tube water heater although imitate by energy conversion with higher
Rate, but since the volume of water heater is larger, and can be only installed at roof, therefore for many skyscrapers, this hot water
Device is simultaneously not suitable for.
Flat solar water heater is to compensate for biography exclusively for the product of high-rise small high-rise house Aided design exploitation
The vacuum pipe solar water heater of system cannot achieve and build and environment perfect combination it is sorry, this exploitation really embodies
The perfect combination of solar energy and building and environmental integration.Flat solar water heater includes flat plate collector, electric heating mould
The structures such as block, the circulatory system and water tank.When use by flat plate collector convert light energy into water it is interior can, solar irradiation not
When sufficient, auxiliary heating can be carried out using electric heating, to realize the uninterrupted supply of hot water.
Flat-plate collector is due to the difference of configuration aspects, and there are one with vacuum tube collector on radiation conversion ratio
Fixed gap.Wherein, the working principle of two kinds of heat collectors is absorbed in solar energy by the heat absorbing coating on heat collector surface
Then radiation energy converts water or the interior energy of other media for radiation energy.It is main for the conversion ratio of solar energy in this mode
The conversion ratio of interior energy is converted into depending on the absorptivity to solar radiation energy and by radiation energy.Solar energy currently on the market
Water heater manufacturing enterprise will mainly research and develop energy and be dropped in the absorptivity for improving solar radiation energy, heat-sink shell best at present
Material is black chromium plating, and the endothermic effect of this coating material is good, high to the absorptivity of radiation energy, and absorptivity can achieve
0.92-0.94。
After the radiation energy of sunlight is absorbed by heat-absorbing material, the temperature of heat absorbing coating can be increased, and can pass through heat in major part
The mode of conduction is transferred in internal water or medium, but in addition to that, heat radiation can also also occur for heat absorbing coating itself, this
Partial heat can be not only transferred in medium, and most of energy can pass to air instead or lose otherwise, this is heavy
The conversion ratio when radiation energy that situation causes heat-sink shell to absorb is converted into the interior energy of water reduces, and absorbs heat and heat up in heat-sink shell
Afterwards, the absorptivity of heat absorbing coating is higher, and the temperature of coating is also higher；And it is learnt according to heat radiation rule, the temperature of heat absorbing coating
Degree is higher, and the thermal exposure generated is also bigger therefore also lower for the conversion ratio of the radiation energy of absorption.
Summary of the invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of solar water heater heat-sink shells of high conversion
Composition, the type composition reduce itself reflectivity and radiation intensity by improving the solar radiation absorptivity of heat-sink shell
Mode, significantly improve the solar energy conversion ratio of flat plate collector.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of solar water heater heat absorption layer material of high conversion, uses for flat plate collector surface covering；Heat absorption
Layer material includes the absorption film positioned at thermal-arrest panel surface, and the energy storage film above absorption film, absorption film are to pass through electricity
The black chromium plating formed is plated, the thicknesses of layers of energy storage film is 3.5-5 μm.
According to mass fraction, the raw material components of energy storage film include: 14-16 parts of organic solvent, 25-35 parts of adhesive, are radiated
6.2-8.5 parts of accumulation of energy agent, 2-4 parts of nanometer silicon carbide, ferrimanganic is 8-10 parts black, and 2.5-5.5 parts of sodium nitrite, silane coupling agent 0.5-
1.2 part.
Preferably, according to mass fraction, the raw material components of energy storage film include: 14.5-15.7 parts of organic solvent, adhesive
29-32 parts, 6.8-7.4 parts of accumulation of energy agent are radiated, 2.6-3.4 parts of nanometer silicon carbide, ferrimanganic is 8.6-9.2 parts black, sodium nitrite 3.4-
4.7 parts, 0.8-1.1 parts of silane coupling agent.
It is further preferred that the raw material components of energy storage film include: 15 parts of organic solvent, adhesive 31 according to mass fraction
Part, radiate 7.2 parts of accumulation of energy agent, 3.1 parts of nanometer silicon carbide, black 9 parts of ferrimanganic, 4.2 parts of sodium nitrite, 0.9 part of silane coupling agent.
In the present invention, the preparation method of radiation accumulation of energy agent includes the following steps:
(1) according to mass fraction, 12.5 parts of dimethyl butyrate thioethers are added in 100 parts of n-hexanes, heating water bath to 45-
It 50 DEG C and sufficiently dissolves, obtains solution；According to the mass ratio of mass ratio 100:35:4 by mica powder, nanometer calcium silicates and nanometer two
Titanium oxide mixing, 60 parts of mixed powders are added in previous solu, are dispersed in Scattered Kettle with the revolving speed of 600-650r/min
2.4 parts of lauric acid polyoxyethylene esters and 5 parts of nano zine oxides, are then added in Scattered Kettle by processing, and ultrasonic disperse handles 15-
Then dispersion liquid is greater than 95 DEG C of temperature spray drying treatment, obtains required filler A by 20min；
(2) it is filled with nitrogen atmosphere into polymerization reaction kettle to be protected, and 300 parts of heptane solvents is added, then by 15 parts
Isoprene monomer is added in reaction kettle, and the methylpyrrole of the tetrahydrofuran and 0.1% that account for monomer mass 0.25% is added
Temperature in polymerization reaction kettle is increased to 70-73 DEG C after being uniformly dispersed by alkanone, is then added dropwise into reaction kettle and is accounted for monomer mass
0.5% n-BuLi initiated polymerization occurs, after reacting 15-18min, continuously add 60 parts of 1,3- hexadiene monomers and
The tertiary fourth for accounting for quality of material 0.1% is added into reaction kettle after reaction by 2.5 parts of tetrahydrofurans, adiabatic reaction 30-40min
Base trichlorosilane coupling agent, the reaction was continued 25-30min obtain first polymer B；
(3) temperature of charge in polymerization reaction kettle is increased to 80-82 DEG C, the 2- chloromethane for accounting for quality of material 0.15% is added
Base furans and 0.1% n-BuLi, 1.5-2h is reacted with the pressure heat-insulation pressure keeping of 1.0MPa, then extracts product out, is added
To etc. quality deionized water in, after being cooled to room temperature, then distilled with 105-110 DEG C of temperature, remove solvent, it is embedding needed for obtaining
Section polymer C；
(4) by 35 parts of fillers, 50 parts of block polymer C, 300 parts of n-octadecanes, 5.8 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 3.2 parts of 2- hydroxyls
Base -4- methoxy benzophenone and 1.5 parts of antioxidant 1076 mixing, are added in reaction kettle, under vacuum conditions, are heated to
110-125 DEG C, with the revolving speed of 800-900r/min, heat preservation dispersion reaction 10-15min after reaction product is cooled to room temperature, is obtained
Required radiation accumulation of energy agent.
Wherein, the nonionic surfactant in step (1) is lauric acid polyoxyethylene ester.
The viscosity for radiating accumulation of energy agent is 820-850cp.
Preferably, adhesive is acrylic resin modified siloxane polymer.
Preferably, organic solvent is the mixing that isopropanol, ethyl acetate and dimethylbenzene are mixed according to the mass ratio of 3:2:3
Object.
Energy storage film provided by the invention is formed in such a way that coating sprays film, and for spray membrane coat using repeatedly spraying, heating is solid
The process of change, the temperature that coating is heating and curing are 110-120 DEG C.
The present invention have it is following the utility model has the advantages that
In flat plate collector of the invention, it is coated with black chromium plating in the copper substrate surface of thermal-arrest panel, black chromium plating is made
For the layer material that absorbs heat, it is further coated with energy storage film in heat absorption film surface, energy storage film is the special functional membrane of one kind provided by the invention,
This functional membrane have with heat absorption rate similar in absorption film, also have good thermal storage performance, it is lower to the reflectivity of radiation energy,
And the radiation absorbing performance of absorption film is influenced smaller；After energy storage film and absorption film absorb radiation energy, because energy storage film has
There is good heat storage performance, because partial radiation can be can be carried out to absorption, and since itself specific heat capacity is larger, the temperature of material
Degree increasing degree degree is smaller, therefore the radiation energy consumption also corresponding reduction generated by energy storage film, this makes the solar energy conversion ratio of heat collector
It is greatly improved.
Wherein, the addition of the sodium nitrite and nm-class silicon carbide material in energy storage material, so that energy storage film also has very well
Pyroconductivity can be transferred to interior rapidly in internal water or medium, and the solar energy for further promoting flat plate collector turns
Rate.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, further description of the specific embodiments of the present invention, and following embodiment is only used for more
Technical solution of the present invention is clearly demonstrated, and not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
In following embodiment, the preparation method of radiation accumulation of energy agent includes the following steps:
(1) according to mass fraction, 12.5 parts of dimethyl butyrate thioethers are added in 100 parts of n-hexanes, heating water bath to 48
DEG C and sufficiently dissolve, obtain solution；According to the mass ratio of mass ratio 100:35:4 by mica powder, nanometer calcium silicates and nano-silica
Change titanium mixing, 60 parts of mixed powders is added in previous solu, with the revolving speed decentralized processing of 600r/min in Scattered Kettle, so
2.4 parts of lauric acid polyoxyethylene esters and 5 parts of nano zine oxides are added in Scattered Kettle afterwards, ultrasonic disperse handles 20min, then
Dispersion liquid is greater than to 95 DEG C of temperature spray drying treatment, obtains required filler A；
(2) it is filled with nitrogen atmosphere into polymerization reaction kettle to be protected, and 300 parts of heptane solvents is added, then by 15 parts
Isoprene monomer is added in reaction kettle, and the methylpyrrole of the tetrahydrofuran and 0.1% that account for monomer mass 0.25% is added
Temperature in polymerization reaction kettle is increased to 72 DEG C after being uniformly dispersed by alkanone, is then added dropwise into reaction kettle and is accounted for monomer mass
0.5% n-BuLi initiated polymerization occurs, and after reacting 16min, continuously adds 60 parts of 1,3- hexadiene monomers and 2.5 parts
The tert-butyl trichlorine silicon for accounting for quality of material 0.1% is added into reaction kettle after reaction by tetrahydrofuran, adiabatic reaction 35min
Alkane coupling agent, the reaction was continued 30min obtain first polymer B；
(3) temperature of charge in polymerization reaction kettle is increased to 80 DEG C, the 2- chloromethyl for accounting for quality of material 0.15% is added
Furans and 0.1% n-BuLi, 2h is reacted with the pressure heat-insulation pressure keeping of 1.0MPa, then extracts product out, the matter such as is added to
In the deionized water of amount, after being cooled to room temperature, then with 110 DEG C of temperature distillation, solvent is removed, required block polymer C is obtained；
(4) by 35 parts of fillers, 50 parts of block polymer C, 300 parts of n-octadecanes, 5.8 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 3.2 parts of 2- hydroxyls
Base -4- methoxy benzophenone and 1.5 parts of antioxidant 1076 mixing, are added in reaction kettle, under vacuum conditions, are heated to
120 DEG C, with the revolving speed of 850r/min, heat preservation dispersion reaction 15min, after reaction product is cooled to room temperature, radiation needed for obtaining stores
It can agent.
Wherein, the nonionic surfactant in step (1) is lauric acid polyoxyethylene ester.
The viscosity for radiating accumulation of energy agent is 820-850cp.
Embodiment 1
A kind of solar water heater heat absorption layer material of high conversion, uses for flat plate collector surface covering；Heat absorption
Layer material includes the absorption film positioned at thermal-arrest panel surface, and the energy storage film above absorption film, absorption film are to pass through electricity
The black chromium plating formed is plated, the thicknesses of layers of energy storage film is 3.5 μm.
According to mass fraction, the raw material components of energy storage film include: 14 parts of organic solvent, 25 parts of adhesive, radiate accumulation of energy agent
6.2 parts, 2 parts of nanometer silicon carbide, black 8 parts of ferrimanganic, 2.5 parts of sodium nitrite, 0.5 part of silane coupling agent.
Wherein, adhesive is acrylic resin modified siloxane polymer.
Organic solvent is the mixture that isopropanol, ethyl acetate and dimethylbenzene are mixed according to the mass ratio of 3:2:3.
Energy storage film provided in this embodiment is formed in such a way that coating sprays film, and spray membrane coat is using repeatedly spraying, heating
Cured process, the temperature that coating is heating and curing are 110 DEG C.
Embodiment 2
A kind of solar water heater heat absorption layer material of high conversion, uses for flat plate collector surface covering；Heat absorption
Layer material includes the absorption film positioned at thermal-arrest panel surface, and the energy storage film above absorption film, absorption film are to pass through electricity
The black chromium plating formed is plated, the thicknesses of layers of energy storage film is 5 μm.
According to mass fraction, the raw material components of energy storage film include: 16 parts of organic solvent, 35 parts of adhesive, radiate accumulation of energy agent
8.5 parts, 4 parts of nanometer silicon carbide, black 10 parts of ferrimanganic, 5.5 parts of sodium nitrite, 1.2 parts of silane coupling agent.
Wherein, adhesive is acrylic resin modified siloxane polymer.
Organic solvent is the mixture that isopropanol, ethyl acetate and dimethylbenzene are mixed according to the mass ratio of 3:2:3.
Energy storage film provided in this embodiment is formed in such a way that coating sprays film, and spray membrane coat is using repeatedly spraying, heating
Cured process, the temperature that coating is heating and curing are 120 DEG C.
Embodiment 3
A kind of solar water heater heat absorption layer material of high conversion, uses for flat plate collector surface covering；Heat absorption
Layer material includes the absorption film positioned at thermal-arrest panel surface, and the energy storage film above absorption film, absorption film are to pass through electricity
The black chromium plating formed is plated, the thicknesses of layers of energy storage film is 4 μm.
According to mass fraction, the raw material components of energy storage film include: 15 parts of organic solvent, 31 parts of adhesive, radiate accumulation of energy agent
7.2 parts, 3.1 parts of nanometer silicon carbide, black 9 parts of ferrimanganic, 4.2 parts of sodium nitrite, 0.9 part of silane coupling agent.
Wherein, adhesive is acrylic resin modified siloxane polymer.
Organic solvent is the mixture that isopropanol, ethyl acetate and dimethylbenzene are mixed according to the mass ratio of 3:2:3.
Energy storage film provided in this embodiment is formed in such a way that coating sprays film, and spray membrane coat is using repeatedly spraying, heating
Cured process, the temperature that coating is heating and curing are 115 DEG C.
Performance test
1, the absorptive rate of radiation and emissivity of energy storage material in the present embodiment are tested using copper and aluminium as substrate respectively；And
The heat ageing of test energy storage film layer and corrosion-resistant equal weather resistances；Obtain following test result:
Table 1: the performance test results of energy storage membrane material in the present embodiment
Analyze thermal radiation absorption rate that the above experimental result finds energy storage film of the invention and conventional heat-absorbing material more
It is close, but its radiant emissivity is very low, therefore can significantly reduce heat-absorbing material heat radiation dissipation, and the functional material is also
With good heat aging performance and corrosion resistance, optical property of the material under 250 DEG C of conditions of high temperature is still stable, material
It after salt spray test, will not fall off, blister or problem of Cracking, the weather resistance of energy storage layer material is very prominent.
2, use black chromium plating as the flat plate collector for the layer material that absorbs heat as control group using conventional in the market, and use
The flat plate collector of heat absorption layer material in the present embodiment carries out energy and converts comparative test, respectively within the continuous three days time
Test the water temperature variation of water tank, wherein water temperature when with morning 8 is initial water temperature, and the water temperature with 6 points at night is to terminate water temperature,
Replace the water in water tank after the test every time；Obtain following test data:
Table 2: the energy conversion test result of flat plate collector in the present embodiment and control group
The above experimental result discovery is analyzed, the solar energy conversion ratio of flat plate collector provided by the invention is higher than control
Group, wherein at the end of daylighting, water temperature Temperature Difference Ratio control group is higher by flat plate collector of the invention under identical initial temperature
7-11 DEG C, therefore, it can be seen that the energy storage layer material in the present invention promotes really the solar energy conversion ratio of flat plate collector
With positive effect.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, although referring to aforementioned reality
Applying example, invention is explained in detail, for those skilled in the art, still can be to aforementioned each implementation
Technical solution documented by example is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features.It is all in essence of the invention
Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
- The layer material 1. a kind of solar water heater of high conversion absorbs heat, uses for flat plate collector surface covering；Its feature Be: the heat absorption layer material includes the absorption film for being located at thermal-arrest panel surface, and the energy storage film above absorption film, is inhaled Hotting mask is the black chromium plating formed by plating, and the thicknesses of layers of energy storage film is 3.5-5 μm.
- The layer composition 2. a kind of solar water heater of high conversion according to claim 1 absorbs heat, it is characterised in that: press According to mass fraction, the raw material components of the energy storage film include: 14-16 parts of organic solvent, 25-35 parts of adhesive, radiate accumulation of energy agent 6.2-8.5 parts, 2-4 parts of nanometer silicon carbide, ferrimanganic is 8-10 parts black, and 2.5-5.5 parts of sodium nitrite, 0.5-1.2 parts of silane coupling agent.
- The layer composition 3. a kind of solar water heater of high conversion according to claim 2 absorbs heat, it is characterised in that: press According to mass fraction, the raw material components of the energy storage film include: 14.5-15.7 parts of organic solvent, and 29-32 parts of adhesive, radiation stores Can be 6.8-7.4 parts of agent, 2.6-3.4 parts of nanometer silicon carbide, ferrimanganic is 8.6-9.2 parts black, 3.4-4.7 parts of sodium nitrite, silane coupled 0.8-1.1 parts of agent.
- The layer composition 4. a kind of solar water heater of high conversion according to claim 2 absorbs heat, which is characterized in that press According to mass fraction, the raw material components of the energy storage film include: 15 parts of organic solvent, 31 parts of adhesive, radiate 7.2 parts of accumulation of energy agent, 3.1 parts of nanometer silicon carbide, black 9 parts of ferrimanganic, 4.2 parts of sodium nitrite, 0.9 part of silane coupling agent.
- The layer composition 5. a kind of solar water heater of high conversion according to claim 2 absorbs heat, which is characterized in that institute The preparation method for stating radiation accumulation of energy agent includes the following steps:(1) according to mass fraction, 12.5 parts of dimethyl butyrate thioethers are added in 100 parts of n-hexanes, heating water bath is to 45-50 DEG C And sufficiently dissolve, obtain solution；According to the mass ratio of mass ratio 100:35:4 by mica powder, nanometer calcium silicates and nanometer titanium dioxide Titanium mixing, 60 parts of mixed powders are added in previous solu, with the revolving speed decentralized processing of 600-650r/min in Scattered Kettle, Then 2.4 parts of lauric acid polyoxyethylene esters and 5 parts of nano zine oxides are added in Scattered Kettle, ultrasonic disperse handles 15- Then dispersion liquid is greater than 95 DEG C of temperature spray drying treatment, obtains required filler A by 20min；(2) it is filled with nitrogen atmosphere into polymerization reaction kettle to be protected, and 300 parts of heptane solvents is added, then by 15 parts of isoamyls Diene monomers are added in reaction kettle, and the methyl pyrrolidone of the tetrahydrofuran and 0.1% that account for monomer mass 0.25% is added, point The temperature in polymerization reaction kettle is increased to 70-73 DEG C after dissipating uniformly, is then added dropwise into reaction kettle and accounts for monomer mass 0.5% N-BuLi initiated polymerization occurs, and after reacting 15-18min, continuously adds 60 parts of 1,3- hexadiene monomers and 2.5 parts of tetrahydros The tert-butyl trichlorosilane for accounting for quality of material 0.1% is added into reaction kettle after reaction by furans, adiabatic reaction 30-40min Coupling agent, the reaction was continued 25-30min obtain first polymer B；(3) temperature of charge in polymerization reaction kettle is increased to 80-82 DEG C, the 2- chloromethyl furan for accounting for quality of material 0.15% is added The n-BuLi muttered with 0.1% reacts 1.5-2h with the pressure heat-insulation pressure keeping of 1.0MPa, then extracts product out, the matter such as is added to In the deionized water of amount, after being cooled to room temperature, then with 105-110 DEG C of temperature distillation, solvent is removed, required block polymerization is obtained Object C；(4) by 35 parts of fillers, 50 parts of block polymer C, 300 parts of n-octadecanes, 5.8 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 3.2 parts of 2- hydroxyls- 4- methoxy benzophenone and 1.5 parts of antioxidant 1076 mixing, are added in reaction kettle, under vacuum conditions, are heated to 110- 125 DEG C, with the revolving speed of 800-900r/min, heat preservation dispersion reaction 10-15min, after reaction product is cooled to room temperature, needed for obtaining Radiate accumulation of energy agent.
- The layer composition 6. a kind of solar water heater of high conversion according to claim 5 absorbs heat, it is characterised in that: institute Stating the nonionic surfactant in step (1) is lauric acid polyoxyethylene ester.
- The layer composition 7. a kind of solar water heater of high conversion according to claim 5 absorbs heat, it is characterised in that: institute The viscosity for stating radiation accumulation of energy agent is 820-850cp.
- The layer composition 8. a kind of solar water heater of high conversion according to claim 2 absorbs heat, it is characterised in that: institute Stating adhesive is acrylic resin modified siloxane polymer.
- The layer composition 9. a kind of solar water heater of high conversion according to claim 2 absorbs heat, it is characterised in that: institute Stating organic solvent is the mixture that isopropanol, ethyl acetate and dimethylbenzene are mixed according to the mass ratio of 3:2:3.
- The layer composition 10. a kind of solar water heater of high conversion according to claim 1 or 2 absorbs heat, feature exist In: the energy storage film is formed in such a way that coating sprays film, and spray membrane coat is using repeatedly spraying, the process being heating and curing, The temperature that coating is heating and curing is 110-120 DEG C.
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| CN108036532A (en) * | 2017-11-18 | 2018-05-15 | 山东龙光天旭太阳能有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of the low temperature resistant spectral selective absorbing coating of solar energy heat collection pipe |
| CN110806018A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-02-18 | 广西吉宽太阳能设备有限公司 | High-efficiency solar vacuum tube heat collector |
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| CN110806018A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-02-18 | 广西吉宽太阳能设备有限公司 | High-efficiency solar vacuum tube heat collector |
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