CN109454214B - Method for preparing high-heat-conductivity baking tray through ultrasonic die casting - Google Patents
Method for preparing high-heat-conductivity baking tray through ultrasonic die casting Download PDFInfo
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- CN109454214B CN109454214B CN201811383365.1A CN201811383365A CN109454214B CN 109454214 B CN109454214 B CN 109454214B CN 201811383365 A CN201811383365 A CN 201811383365A CN 109454214 B CN109454214 B CN 109454214B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
- A47J37/00—Baking; Roasting; Grilling; Frying
- A47J37/06—Roasters; Grills; Sandwich grills
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing a high-heat-conductivity baking tray by ultrasonic die casting, which comprises the steps of adding an aluminum alloy ingot into a smelting furnace for smelting, and controlling the smelting temperature to be 740 and 760 ℃; adding the Al-5B alloy into a smelting furnace, controlling the temperature to be 740 and 760 ℃, and preserving the heat for 0.5-1 h; adding Al-10Sr alloy into a smelting furnace, controlling the temperature to be 740 and 760 ℃, and preserving the heat for 0.5-1h to obtain aluminum alloy melt; refining, degassing and deslagging the aluminum alloy liquid; inserting an ultrasonic amplitude transformer into the aluminum alloy liquid after deslagging, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the molten aluminum alloy liquid to obtain die-casting liquid, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 40-50kHz, the ultrasonic power is 1000-2000W, and the ultrasonic time is 30-60 seconds; transferring the die-casting liquid to a high-pressure hydraulic die-casting machine, and die-casting an aluminum alloy baking tray blank through a baking tray die; and (4) after polishing the blank of the aluminum alloy baking tray, coating to obtain a finished product of the high-heat-conductivity baking tray. The baking tray prepared by the method provided by the invention is simple in preparation method, good in heat conduction effect and suitable for popularization and application in the baking field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of manufacturing of baking trays, in particular to a method for preparing a high-heat-conductivity baking tray through ultrasonic die casting.
Background
The oven is an indispensable household appliance in families, and the food baked by the oven is fragrant and delicious in taste. The baking tray of the oven is made of various materials, and is commonly made of stainless steel baking trays, aluminum baking trays, glass baking trays, other alloy baking trays and the like, wherein the steel baking tray has the worst heat conduction effect, so that the baking process is easy to be heated unevenly, and the aluminum alloy baking tray becomes the best choice. In the field of aluminum alloy manufacturing, die casting is the most important casting process at present, the production efficiency is high, the material utilization rate is high, and the method is suitable for large-scale industrial production. In order to ensure the flow property during die casting, about 10% of silicon is usually added into the aluminum alloy, for example, the aluminum alloy with the code number YL113 in China usually contains 9.5-11.5% of silicon, and the lattice of the alloy is distorted to generate large resistance to the movement of free electrons, so that the heat conductivity of the aluminum alloy is not high, and the heat conductivity coefficient is only about 100W/(m · K).
Therefore, the production of bakeware with high thermal conductivity is very urgent for the baking field. In the prior art, the thermal conductivity is changed by changing the silicon phase, the Si phase is changed from a lamellar state to a fibrous state by adding 0.02 percent of boron and 0.03 percent of strontium to perform composite modification, the Si phase is annealed for four hours at 350 ℃, so that the thermal conductivity of the alloy is improved to be about 179W/(m.K), but the research only takes the aluminum alloy ENAB-44200 as the raw material, and when the aluminum alloy ADC10, ADC11 or ADC12 is adopted, the copper content among the latter is far higher than that of ENAB-44200, and the finished product obtained by die casting under the above conditions is easy to precipitate copper.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method for preparing an aluminum alloy baking tray with convenient production and high heat conduction efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides the preparation method which is convenient to prepare, has high thermal conductivity and is suitable for the conventional aluminum alloy ADC10, ADC11 or ADC12 to die-cast baking trays.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for preparing a high-heat-conductivity baking tray through ultrasonic die casting comprises the following steps:
a. adding the aluminum alloy ingot into a smelting furnace for smelting, and controlling the smelting temperature to be 740-760 ℃;
b. adding the Al-5B alloy into a smelting furnace, controlling the temperature to be 740 and 760 ℃, and preserving the heat for 0.5-1 h;
c. adding Al-10Sr alloy into a smelting furnace, controlling the temperature to be 740 and 760 ℃, and preserving the heat for 0.5-1h to obtain aluminum alloy melt;
d. refining, degassing and deslagging the aluminum alloy liquid;
e. inserting an ultrasonic amplitude transformer into the aluminum alloy liquid after deslagging, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the molten aluminum alloy liquid to obtain die casting liquid, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 40-50kHz, the ultrasonic power is 1000-2000W, the ultrasonic time is 30-60 seconds, and the heating temperature is 740-760 ℃ in the ultrasonic process;
f. transferring the die-casting liquid to a high-pressure hydraulic die-casting machine, and die-casting an aluminum alloy baking tray blank through a baking tray die;
g. after polishing the blank of the aluminum alloy baking tray, coating to obtain a finished product of the high-heat-conductivity baking tray;
wherein the addition of Sr element accounts for 0.03-0.05wt% of the total alloy addition, the addition of B element accounts for 0.03-0.05wt% of the total alloy addition, the aluminum alloy cast ingot is selected from one or more of ADC10 aluminum alloy, ADC11 aluminum alloy and ADC12 aluminum alloy, the pressure in the die casting process is 200-250MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 5-10 seconds.
It is believed that the size of the nuclei is affected by supercooling of the melt, and analysis of the Clausis-Crabellon equation shows that as the pressure is increased on the as-cast melt, the higher the temperature of crystallization, the smaller the size of the corresponding nuclei. The addition of copper can increase the strength and hardness of the aluminum alloy, while for the ADC10, ADC11 or ADC12 alloys with higher copper content, copper is more likely to precipitate, resulting in non-uniformity of the aluminum phase, which also has a negative effect on the thermal conductivity.
In addition, the ultrasonic oscillation casting preparation of the high-strength aluminum alloy has related reports, and the reports indicate that the ultrasonic oscillation treatment is added into the melt of the aluminum alloy, so that the crystal grains of the aluminum alloy can be refined in the solidification process, the structure and the mechanical property can be effectively improved, the main principle is that cavitation bubbles can be generated by ultrasonic vibration in liquid metal, the cavitation bubbles can be closed to generate local shock waves, and particles in molten metal are crushed, so that the crystal grains are refined and uniformly crystallized.
Therefore, by using a higher press-fit and ultrasonic treatment before die casting, it is theoretically possible to minimize crystal nuclei, and therefore, it is possible to solve the problems of unevenness of the casting surface and reduction in heat transfer efficiency caused by precipitation of copper.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the Cu element constitutes 1.5-5wt%, preferably 2-4wt% of the total alloy.
The heat conductivity coefficient of the aluminum alloy high-heat-conductivity baking tray prepared by the method is more than 180W/(m.K).
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the coating is selected from a polytetrafluoroethylene coating or a medical stone coating. The polytetrafluoroethylene coating is a relatively common non-stick coating and has been widely applied to baking trays. The medical stone coating is a latest popular coating, and the two coatings can prevent food from directly contacting with the aluminum alloy body, so that the use is safer.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step f, the bakeware mold is heated and kept at 150-170 ℃ before being subjected to die casting.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a bakeware with high heat conduction effect. The baking tray is prepared by the method. Preferably, the thickness of the baking tray is 1-2 mm.
The invention solves the defects in the background technology, and has the following beneficial effects:
1. the aluminum alloy baking tray die-cast by the preparation method has higher thermal conductivity, transfers heat uniformly when baking food, is not easy to cause baking paste and scorch, and meets the requirements of baking novice and an oven with poor temperature control effect.
2. The die-casting method of the invention selects high-pressure die-casting to be matched with ultrasonic pretreatment, so that the high heat conductivity coefficient of the aluminum alloy with high copper content can be ensured, and the cast casting can be ensured to be flat and bubble-free. The introduction of ultrasound waves can reduce the pressure of the high pressure used, which in turn reduces the requirements on the die casting apparatus.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a metallographic analysis of the sample of example No. 4;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic analysis chart of the sample of example No. 5.
Detailed Description
The following description is presented to disclose the invention so as to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention. The preferred embodiments in the following description are given by way of example only, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art.
Examples
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for preparing the high thermal conductive bakeware by ultrasonic die casting comprises:
a. adding the aluminum alloy ingot into a smelting furnace for smelting, and controlling the smelting temperature to be 740-760 ℃;
b. adding the Al-5B alloy into a smelting furnace, controlling the temperature to be 740 and 760 ℃, and preserving the heat for 0.5-1 h;
c. adding Al-10Sr alloy into a smelting furnace, controlling the temperature to be 740 and 760 ℃, and preserving the heat for 0.5-1h to obtain aluminum alloy melt;
d. refining, degassing and deslagging the aluminum alloy liquid;
e. inserting an ultrasonic amplitude transformer into the aluminum alloy liquid subjected to slag removal, performing ultrasonic treatment on the molten aluminum alloy liquid to obtain die casting liquid, and keeping the heating temperature at 740-760 ℃ in the ultrasonic process;
f. transferring the die-casting liquid to a high-pressure hydraulic die-casting machine, and die-casting an aluminum alloy baking tray blank through a baking tray die;
g. and (4) after polishing the blank of the aluminum alloy baking tray, coating to obtain a finished product of the high-heat-conductivity baking tray.
The aluminum ingot raw materials and process conditions used are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
Samples No. 1-3 and No. 5 adopt ultrasonic treatment, sample No. 4 does not adopt ultrasonic treatment, and the rest conditions are the same.
And sampling and testing the numbered samples before coating, intercepting the center of the sample, testing and comparing, and measuring by using a C-THERM TCI thermal conductivity tester.
The thermal conductivity test results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
| Numbering | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Thermal conductivity W/(m.K) | 135.5 | 123.7 | 182.1 | 154.9 | 190.8 |
From the results, it can be seen that the thermal conductivity of the die-cast product obtained by the ultrasonic treatment and die-casting is significantly higher than that of the die-cast product without ultrasonic treatment, for example, the thermal conductivity of the products of numbers 3 and 5 in table 2 is 180W/(m · K) or more.
The metallographic analysis results are shown in FIGS. 1-2. The samples numbered 4 and 5 were polished, etched with 0.5% hydrofluoric acid and the texture was observed under a metallographic microscope. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the microstructure of sample 4 is shown, and as shown in fig. 2, the microstructure of sample 5 is shown.
From the results in the figure, it is clear that the alloy structure in FIG. 1 is not uniform, and 100-200 μm copper crystal is locally generated, and the structure is not uniform. Compared with the structure shown in fig. 1, the structure shown in fig. 2 is more obvious and uniform in tree-shaped crystallization, and the copper crystal is obviously reduced, so that the heat conductivity coefficient of the aluminum alloy is greatly increased by the transformation.
The high-heat-conductivity baking tray prepared by the method has excellent heat conductivity and tensile strength, the heat resistance of the aluminum alloy with high copper content at high temperature is excellent, the baking tray can be applied to high-quality baking trays, the production method is simple, and the baking tray is suitable for large-scale production.
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is to be understood that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method for preparing a high-heat-conductivity baking tray through ultrasonic die casting is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a. adding the aluminum alloy ingot into a smelting furnace for smelting, and controlling the smelting temperature to be 740-760 ℃;
b. adding the Al-5B alloy into a smelting furnace, controlling the temperature to be 740 and 760 ℃, and preserving the heat for 0.5-1 h;
c. adding Al-10Sr alloy into a smelting furnace, controlling the temperature to be 740 and 760 ℃, and preserving the heat for 0.5-1h to obtain aluminum alloy melt;
d. refining, degassing and deslagging the molten aluminum alloy;
e. inserting an ultrasonic amplitude transformer into the aluminum alloy melt after deslagging, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the molten aluminum alloy melt to obtain a die casting liquid, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 40-50kHz, the ultrasonic power is 1000-2000W, the ultrasonic time is 30-60 seconds, and the heating temperature is 740-760 ℃ in the ultrasonic process;
f. transferring the die-casting liquid to a high-pressure hydraulic die-casting machine, and die-casting an aluminum alloy baking tray blank through a baking tray die;
g. after polishing the blank of the aluminum alloy baking tray, coating to obtain a finished product of the high-heat-conductivity baking tray;
wherein the addition of Sr element accounts for 0.03-0.05wt% of the total alloy content, the addition of B element accounts for 0.03-0.05wt% of the total alloy content, the aluminum alloy ingot is selected from one or more of ADC10 aluminum alloy, ADC11 aluminum alloy and ADC12 aluminum alloy, the pressure in the die casting process is 200-250MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 5-10 seconds;
cu accounts for 2-4wt% of the total alloy content;
the heat conductivity coefficient of the high-heat-conductivity baking tray is greater than 180W/(m.K);
the coating is selected from a polytetrafluoroethylene coating or a medical stone coating.
2. The method for preparing the high-heat-conductivity baking tray by ultrasonic die casting according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and heating the baking tray mould, keeping the temperature at 150-170 ℃, and then performing die casting.
3. The high thermal conductive bakeware manufactured by the method for manufacturing the high thermal conductive bakeware by ultrasonic die casting according to claim 1 or 2.
4. The high-heat-conductivity baking tray manufactured by the method for manufacturing the high-heat-conductivity baking tray through ultrasonic die casting according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the thickness of the baking tray is 1-2 mm.
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