CN109453388A - A kind of application and preparation method thereof of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract as bacteriostatic agent - Google Patents
A kind of application and preparation method thereof of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract as bacteriostatic agent Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
This patent is related to a kind of application and preparation method thereof of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract as bacteriostatic agent, is FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China comprehensive utilization technique, is used to prepare stem-leaf extract, as natural antibiotic antiseptic, belongs to the application fields such as food, drug.The present invention using FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China cauline leaf as raw material, cleaning, it is dry, crush, extract, concentration, extraction, can get a kind of has the active FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract of Efficient antibacterial；The extract has different degrees of antibacterial effect to Escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, the big coccus of molten junket, proteus, staphylococcus saprophyticus and micrococcus luteus, wherein, to the strongest bacteriostatic effect of Escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis.It may be used as the natural antibiotic antiseptic of food and drug.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to food and technical field of traditional Chinese medicines, and in particular to a kind of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract is as bacteriostatic agent
Using and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) also known as camomile, Hang Ju, tea chrysanthemum, are composite families
(Asteraceae) dry capitulum of plant chrysanthemum (C.morifolium), it is originating in China, it is developed by mother chrysanthemum and is passed through and manually select
It educates.FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China is famous medicinal and edible plant, and flower in China there is long food (drink) to use history.FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China is main
The place of production is Zhejiang Province Tongxiang City, is the genuine medicine of first integration of drinking and medicinal herbs ratified of one of " eight Zhe's " and health ministry
One of material.FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China is version " Chinese Pharmacopoeia " certified products chrysanthemum for recording in 2015, is an important species of China's chrysanthemum." mind
Agriculture book on Chinese herbal medicine warp " in record, FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China tea can " main all public attention are dizzy, swelling and pain, mesh are intended to take off, the dead flesh of skin, foul wind arthritis with fixed pain caused by dampness, long term usage benefit gas,
It makes light of one's life by commiting suicide macrobiosis of enduring hardships ".Modern studies have found that the main chemical compositions of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China have volatile oil, Polyphenols, flavonoids, polysaccharide, ammonia
Base acid and microelement etc., domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a large amount of research to the pharmacological action of chrysanthemum, it was demonstrated that chrysanthemum has anti-
Bacterium, antiviral, a variety of pharmacological activity such as reduce blood pressure, prevent hyperlipidemia, anti-aging.Studies have shown that FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China spend in it is main
Bioactive substance is flavones, comprising: luteolin, linarin, chlorogenic acid etc., Content of Chlorogenic Acid are that FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China spends generally acknowledged master
Want active constituent.
For a long time, medicinal herb grower plants FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China only for taking its flower, and accounts for the stem of 80% or more FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China Plant weight
Stalk and blade-section are often used as waste to abandon (burning), not only cause the waste of natural resources, but also be easy to produce environment
(atmosphere) pollution.Currently, the antimicrobial component extraction and its application study to FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem and leaf are considerably less.Therefore, this research with
FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China cauline leaf is raw material, carries out the development of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China antimicrobial extract, can be used as natural food and drug Antimicrobial preservative
The comprehensive utilization of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China plant is realized in agent.
Summary of the invention
A kind of application and preparation method thereof the object of the present invention is to provide FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract as bacteriostatic agent.Institute
Obtaining extract can be used as natural antibiotic antiseptic, be applied to the industries such as drug and food.
Technical solution of the present invention: using FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China cauline leaf as raw material, through over cleaning, drying, crushing, extraction, concentration, extraction
And etc., obtain a kind of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract with high bacteriostatic activity.
It is specific the preparation method is as follows:
(1) pre-treatment: it will be crushed after the drying of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China cauline leaf, obtain medicinal powder.
(2) it extracts: by step (1) resulting medicinal powder, 75% ethyl alcohol being added according to solid-liquid ratio 1:10, impregnated
Night, 90 DEG C of water-bath refluxing extraction 4h filter, obtain medicinal material filtrate.
(3) it evaporates after the alcohol solvent in medicinal material filtrate obtained by step (2), with distilled water constant volume, obtains crude drug amount
For the FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China medicinal powder extracting solution of 1g/mL.
(4) it extracts: the resulting FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China medicinal powder extracting solution of step (3) being taken successively to use isometric petroleum ether, acetic acid
Ethyl ester, n-butanol are extracted as extract liquor.Respectively obtain petroleum ether extraction medicinal extract, ethyl acetate extraction medicinal extract, n-butanol
Extract medicinal extract.
(5) oily ether medicinal extract, ethyl acetate extraction medicinal extract, extracting n-butyl alcohol medicinal extract is extracted to be dissolved in percent by volume respectively and be
In 5% DMSO aqueous solution, the FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract aqueous solution that three kinds of crude drug amounts are 1g/mL is obtained.
Further, between step (3) and (4), 0.22 μm of sterilised membrane filter of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China medicinal powder extracting solution is filtered
Degerming.
Further, after step (5) executes, the FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract water for being 1g/mL to resulting three kinds of crude drug amounts
0.22 μm of sterilised membrane filter filtration sterilization of solution.
Further, specific step is as follows for extraction in step (4): the bodies such as addition into FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China medicinal powder extracting solution
Long-pending extract liquor, shaken at room temperature stratification collect extraction liquid layer；It repeats extraction three times, after combining extraction liquid, is gone by evaporation
Fall extract liquor.
Further, in step (1), 100 mesh sieve are smashed it through after the drying of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China cauline leaf.Pass through antibacterial experiment in vitro
Show that Flos Chrysanthemi extract made from preparation method of the present invention has significant bacteriostatic activity.
Beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art:
This laboratory research shows compared with traditional medicinal part FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China flower, although total in FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem and blade
Flavones and Determination of Linarin are slightly lower, but the content of magistery chlorogenic acid is much higher than the content in spending (about in stem and blade
3 times in spending).Meanwhile containing higher luteolin in cauline leaf.Research shows that these substances have significantly common pathogenic bacteria
Inhibiting effect.If chlorogenic acid substance can destroy the structure of Bacillus coli cells wall, film within a short period of time, increase cell
Permeability causes cell electrolyte, enzyme and DNA, RNA to leak, to influence cyto-architectural stability, keeps cell gradually dead
It dies.Luteolin mainly passes through the activity for inhibiting DNA topoisomerase to the inhibitory activity of staphylococcus aureus, and then influences
The synthesis of thallus nucleic acid and protein is realized.
Therefore, the FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract that the method for the present invention is prepared has apparent bacteriostatic activity, can be used as
Natural antibiotic antiseptic.Applied to industries such as drug, food.Meanwhile the comprehensive utilization channel of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China is enriched, it improves
The industrialization economic value of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China crop.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 (a) is the inhibition zone testing result figure that FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract is directed to Escherichia coli.In figure, 1, positive right
According to group (addition card receive mycin), 2, blank control group (DMSO solution of addition 5%), 3, (addition contains FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem to experimental group
The 5%DMSO solution of leaf extract).
Fig. 1 (b) is the inhibition zone testing result figure that FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract is directed to Bacillus subtillis.In figure, 1, sun
Property control group (addition card receive mycin), 2, blank control group (DMSO solution of addition 5%), 3, (addition contains Hang Bai to experimental group
The 5%DMSO solution of chrysanthemum stem-leaf extract).
Fig. 2 (a) is the MIC of Escherichia coli in the case of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract concentration is 12.25mg/ml in culture dish
It is worth measurement result figure.
Fig. 2 (b) is the MIC value of Escherichia coli in the case of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract concentration is 6.25mg/ml in culture dish
Measurement result figure.
Fig. 2 (c) is the MIC of Escherichia coli in the case of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract concentration is 3.125mg/ml in culture dish
It is worth measurement result figure.
Specific embodiment
Present invention is further elaborated in following combination specific embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited in
This:
Embodiment 1: the preparation of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract
(1) pre-treatment: FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China cauline leaf sample clean is clean, after being put into 55 DEG C of baking ovens drying to constant weight, use pulverizer
It crushes, sieves with 100 mesh sieve son, obtain medicinal powder.Medicinal powder is placed in blue mouth bottle to save backup.
(2) it extracts: weighing the medicinal powder 10g of step (1) resulting drying, adding percent by volume is 75% ethyl alcohol
100mL (i.e. solid-liquid ratio 1:10), soaked overnight, 90 DEG C of water-bath refluxing extraction 4h are filtered.Obtain medicinal material filtrate and the dregs of a decoction.
(3) dregs of a decoction are repeated to extract three times according to the condition in step (2).
(4) merge medicinal material filtrate obtained in step (2) and (3).The alcohol solvent in medicinal material filtrate is rotated at 50 DEG C
Afterwards, it is settled to 10mL with distilled water, obtains medicinal material ethanol extract aqueous solution, crude drug amount 1g/mL.The medicinal material second that will be prepared
Alcohol extracting thing aqueous solution passes through 0.22 μm of sterilised membrane filter filtration sterilization, and 4 DEG C of refrigerators save backup, obtain FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China medicinal powder and mention
Take liquid.
(5) it extracts: by the isometric petroleum ether extraction of the resulting FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China medicinal powder extracting solution of 200mL step (4),
Shaken at room temperature stratification collects petroleum ether layer, repeats extraction three times, combining extraction liquid, and petroleum ether is removed in vacuum rotary steam concentration
Obtain petroleum ether extraction medicinal extract；Likewise, the extracting solution of lower layer successively respectively extracts three with isometric ethyl acetate, n-butanol
It is secondary, merge each layer extract liquor, solvent is removed in vacuum rotary steam concentration, obtains ethyl acetate extraction medicinal extract, extracting n-butyl alcohol medicinal extract.
(6) preparation of each phase medicinal extract aqueous solution: oily ether is extracted into medicinal extract, ethyl acetate extraction medicinal extract, extracting n-butyl alcohol and is soaked
Cream is dissolved in respectively in the DMSO aqueous solution that percent by volume is 5%, and is dissolved to 200mL respectively with 5%DMSO aqueous solution, respectively
Obtain three kinds of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract aqueous solutions.So that the crude drug amount in solution is 1g/mL.The FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China cauline leaf prepared extracts
Object aqueous solution is saved backup through 0.22 μm of sterilised membrane filter filtration sterilization, 4 DEG C of refrigerators.
Pharmacological test example 1: FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract fungistatic effect detection
1, test material
(1) material and reagent
FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract, beef extract, peptone, sodium chloride, agar, 1mol/L NaOH solution, distilled water.
(2) for trying strain
Escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, the big coccus of molten junket, proteus, corruption used in this experiment
The strains such as raw staphylococcus and micrococcus luteus are bought in Chinese agriculture Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center.
2, test method
(1) peptone (Peptone) 10g, beef extract beef-protein medium: the preparation of culture medium flat plate: are weighed
(Beef extract) 3g, sodium chloride (NaCl) 5g, beef extract-peptone solid medium add agar 20g again, add appropriate distillation
Water dissolution, is settled to 1000mL in blue mouth bottle, and with 1mol/L NaOH solution tune pH value (7.0-7.2), and 121 DEG C of high pressures are gone out
Bacterium 20min, is cooled to 50-60 DEG C, in ultraviolet sterilized clean bench, is poured into sterile 9cm culture dish after shaking up, often
Ware 15-20mL, half-open ware lid, or so ventilation half an hour, until culture medium solidification in plate, the water droplet being visible by naked eyes close
Upper ware lid, it is spare.
(2) minimum inhibitory concentration (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) detects: using 5%
DMSO solution is dense for difference according to doubling dilution after mixing three kinds of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract aqueous solutions of the 1g/mL prepared
Degree, prepares the Drug plates of various concentration, and be separately added into each culture dish.The careful bacteria suspension drawing 200 μ L and modulating, with painting
The coating of cloth device makes bacterium solution uniform fold in media surface, plate is inverted in 37 DEG C of bacteriological incubator and is cultivated for 24 hours, observation
Whether there is or not bacterial growths.5% DMSO solution is only added in blank control group in culture dish, and positive controls are matched in culture medium addition
The kanamycins (50 μ g/mL of kanamycins working concentration) made, other operations are consistent with experimental group.
(3) each extract Antibacterial Activity verifying: taking the 200 μ L of bacteria suspension of overnight incubation to be coated on culture medium, will
Filter paper is put on culture medium, is added 7 μ L petroleum ethers, ethyl acetate, n-butanol extract, is put in 37 DEG C of overnight incubations.Measurement suppression
Bacterium loop diameter.
3, test result
(1) FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract detects the fungistatic effect of 7 kinds of bacterium
FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract is had detected to shown in the fungistatic effect such as table 1 and Fig. 1 (a) of 7 kinds of bacterium, 1 (b), as a result table
Bright, the fungistatic effect of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract is preferable.Wherein, FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract is to Escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis
The strongest bacteriostatic effect of bacterium, to staphylococcus aureus, the big coccus of molten junket, proteus, staphylococcus saprophyticus, micrococcus luteus
All have preferable fungistatic effect.
1 Flos Chrysanthemi extract of table detects the fungistatic effect of 7 kinds of bacterium
Expression does not occur inhibition zone；+ indicate 0.6~0.8cm of inhibition zone；++ indicate 0.8~1.0cm of inhibition zone；+++ table
Show inhibition zone > 1.0cm
(2) FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) detects
Detect the minimum inhibitory concentration of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract (drug concentration is with crude drug meter), the results showed that FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China
Stem-leaf extract all has good inhibitory effect, the suppression of specific various concentration FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract to several bacterium for examination
Shown in bacterium effect such as table 2 and Fig. 2 (a), 2 (b), 2 (c), wherein the inhibiting effect to Escherichia coli is most strong, MIC value is
12.5mg/mL；FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract to it is each for try strain inhibitory effect by can successively be divided into three grades to weak by force, most
High inhibition effect is Escherichia coli；It secondly is bacillus subtilis, MIC value 25mg/mL；Worst is Staphylococcus aureus
Bacterium, the big coccus of molten junket, proteus, staphylococcus saprophyticus, micrococcus luteus, MIC value 50mg/mL.
The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 coubling dilution of table measurement Flos Chrysanthemi extract
++++represent bacterial plaque cladding plate 100%；+++ represent bacterial plaque cladding plate 60-90%；++ represent bacterial plaque cladding plate 20-60%；+
It represents within bacterial plaque 10；It represents and is grown without bacterial plaque.
(3) FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China cauline leaf extract Antibacterial Activity
FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China ethanol extract is divided into petroleum ether extract, acetic acid ethyl ester extract, positive fourth after organic solvent extracts
Alcohol extract and remaining water-soluble substance.N-butyl alcohol extract has Escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis as can be seen from Table 3
Significant fungistatic effect (drug concentration is with crude drug meter), the MIC value to Escherichia coli is 12.5mg/mL, to bacillus subtilis
The MIC value of bacterium is 25mg/mL；Acetic acid ethyl ester extract still retains weaker bacteriostatic activity, and the MIC value to two kinds of bacterium is respectively
100mg/mL, and petroleum ether extract and remaining water layer substance are almost without bacteriostatic activity.From the survey of each extract bacteriostatic activity
Determining result can learn that FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China ethanol extract Substance focuses primarily upon in n-butyl alcohol extract.
The bacteriostatic activity of 3 each extraction phase of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China ethanol extract of table (Escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis are for trying bacterium)
Note: ++++represent bacterial plaque cladding plate 100%；+++ represent bacterial plaque cladding plate 60-90%；++ represent bacterial plaque cladding plate 20-
60%；+ represent within bacterial plaque 10；It represents and is grown without bacterial plaque.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of preparation method of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract, it is characterised in that: (1) pre-treatment: after the drying of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China cauline leaf
It crushes, obtains medicinal powder；
(2) it extracts: by step (1) resulting medicinal powder, being added 75% ethyl alcohol according to solid-liquid ratio 1:10, soaked overnight, 90
DEG C water-bath refluxing extraction 4h filters, obtains medicinal material filtrate；
(3) it evaporates after the alcohol solvent in medicinal material filtrate obtained by step (2), with distilled water constant volume, obtaining crude drug amount is 1g/
The FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China medicinal powder extracting solution of mL；
(4) extract: take the resulting FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China medicinal powder extracting solution of step (3) successively use isometric petroleum ether, ethyl acetate,
N-butanol is extracted as extract liquor；Respectively obtain petroleum ether extraction medicinal extract, ethyl acetate extraction medicinal extract, extracting n-butyl alcohol leaching
Cream；
(5) extracting medicinal extract, ethyl acetate extraction medicinal extract, extracting n-butyl alcohol medicinal extract to be dissolved in percent by volume respectively by oily ether is 5%
DMSO aqueous solution in, obtain three kinds of crude drug amounts be 1g/mL FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract.
2. a kind of preparation method of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (3)
Between (4), by the 0.22 μm of sterilised membrane filter filtration sterilization of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China medicinal powder extracting solution.
3. a kind of preparation method of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (5)
After execution, 0.22 μm of sterilised membrane filter of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract aqueous solution that resulting three kinds of crude drug amounts are 1g/mL is filtered
Degerming.
4. a kind of preparation method of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (4)
Specific step is as follows for middle extraction: isometric extract liquor being added into FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China medicinal powder extracting solution, shaken at room temperature is stood
Extraction liquid layer is collected in layering；It repeats extraction three times, after combining extraction liquid, passes through removed by evaporation extract liquor.
5. a kind of preparation method of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (1)
In, 100 mesh sieve are smashed it through after the drying of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China cauline leaf.
6. a kind of application of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract as bacteriostatic agent, it is characterised in that: by Hang Bai as described in claim 1
Chrysanthemum stem-leaf extract is added containing in germy environment, inhibits the growth of bacterium.
7. a kind of application of the FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China stem-leaf extract according to claim 6 as bacteriostatic agent, it is characterised in that: described
Bacterium be Escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, the big coccus of molten junket, proteus, staphylococcus saprophyticus
Or micrococcus luteus.
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| CN110623005A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2019-12-31 | 江西省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Compound plant extract for inhibiting bitter gourd fusarium wilt and preparation method thereof |
| CN110840924A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-02-28 | 中国农业科学院饲料研究所 | Application of rhizoma atractylodis stem and leaf extract |
| CN112451555A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-03-09 | 安徽中医药大学 | Chrysanthemum and chrysanthemum stem and leaf extract with effect of treating skin and soft tissue infection diseases and application thereof |
| CN118000218A (en) * | 2024-04-08 | 2024-05-10 | 广州崃克保新材料科技有限公司 | Composition and application thereof in preparation of antibacterial deodorizing formaldehyde remover |
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