CN109450566B - Method and device for measuring phase noise of microwave receiver - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring phase noise of microwave receiver Download PDFInfo
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- CN109450566B CN109450566B CN201811202765.8A CN201811202765A CN109450566B CN 109450566 B CN109450566 B CN 109450566B CN 201811202765 A CN201811202765 A CN 201811202765A CN 109450566 B CN109450566 B CN 109450566B
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Abstract
A method and a device for measuring phase noise of a microwave receiver relate to the technical field of microwave communication, and the method for measuring the phase noise of the microwave receiver comprises the following steps: a signal output by an auxiliary test source is divided into an upper branch test signal and a lower branch test signal, the upper branch test signal enters a microwave receiver of an upper branch for frequency conversion and then outputs an upper branch intermediate frequency signal, the lower branch test signal enters a lower branch for frequency conversion and then phase shifting and then outputs a lower branch intermediate frequency signal, and the obtained upper branch intermediate frequency signal and the obtained lower branch intermediate frequency signal are subjected to frequency mixing, low-pass filtering and Fourier analysis to obtain a phase noise value of the microwave receiver. The invention constructs a method and a device for measuring the phase noise of a microwave receiver based on a microwave signal processing technology, and can effectively realize the measurement of the phase noise of the microwave receiver.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave communication, in particular to a method and a device for measuring phase noise of a microwave receiver.
Background
The microwave communication system is widely applied to the fields of communication, remote sensing and remote measuring, radar, accurate measurement and the like, and the microwave receiver is used as a core component of the microwave communication system and is of great importance to the performance of the system.
In the field of communications, phase noise (phase noise for short) is an important index of a microwave receiver, and is often used to measure the degree of interference of the receiver on the carrier phase. Phase noise can be divided into two categories, i.e., phase noise of a signal and additional phase noise of a device or system, where the phase noise of a device or system refers to random changes in the phase of an output signal caused by internal noise after the signal is "transmitted" or "processed" through the device or system (e.g., various radio frequency devices).
Currently, there are a variety of techniques that involve phase noise measurement, such as: the method is characterized by different characteristics and different application ranges, but the methods are all testing methods for measuring the phase noise of a signal source and are not suitable for measuring the phase noise of a microwave receiver, and no good standard method and commercial instrument equipment for measuring the phase noise of the microwave receiver exist in the communication field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention constructs a method and a device for measuring the phase noise of a microwave receiver based on a microwave signal processing technology, and can effectively realize the measurement of the phase noise of the microwave receiver.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method and apparatus for measuring phase noise of a microwave receiver, comprising: the device comprises an auxiliary test source, a power divider 1, a power divider 2, a mixer 2, a narrow-band filter, a phase shifter, a mixer 3, a low-pass filter and a Fourier analyzer;
the auxiliary test source is connected with the input end of the power divider 1, and two output ends of the power divider 1 are respectively connected with the microwave input end of the microwave receiver and the input end of the mixer 2;
the input end of the power divider 2 is connected with the output end of the local oscillation source of the microwave receiver, and two output ends of the power divider 2 are respectively connected with the other input end of the frequency mixer 2 and the input end of the frequency mixer 1 of the microwave receiver;
the output end of the mixer 2 is connected with the input end of a narrow-band filter, the output end of the narrow-band filter is connected with the input end of a phase shifter, the output end of the phase shifter and the output end of a microwave receiver are connected to two input ends of a mixer 3, the output end of the mixer 3 is connected with the input end of a low-pass filter, and the output end of the low-pass filter is connected with a Fourier analyzer.
Furthermore, the device for measuring the phase noise of the microwave receiver further comprises an adjustable amplifier 1, and an input end and an output end of the adjustable amplifier 1 are respectively connected with an output end of the phase shifter and an input end of the mixer 3.
Preferably, the auxiliary test source is a single-frequency point signal source, and the operating frequency of the single-frequency point signal source is the same as the operating frequency of the microwave receiver.
As another aspect of the present invention, a method for measuring phase noise of a microwave receiver includes the steps of:
1) dividing a signal output by an auxiliary test source into an upper branch test signal and a lower branch test signal, wherein the upper branch test signal enters a microwave receiver of an upper branch for frequency conversion and then outputs an upper branch intermediate frequency signal, and the lower branch test signal enters a lower branch for frequency conversion and then phase shift and then outputs a lower branch intermediate frequency signal;
2) mixing the upper branch intermediate frequency signal and the lower branch intermediate frequency signal obtained in the step 1), then performing low-pass filtering, and finally performing Fourier analysis to obtain a phase noise value of the microwave receiver.
Furthermore, the auxiliary test source is a single-frequency point signal source, and the working frequency of the single-frequency point signal source is the same as that of the microwave receiver.
Further, the power divider 1 in step 1) is adopted to equally divide the signal output by the auxiliary test source into an upper branch test signal and a lower branch test signal.
Furthermore, the microwave receiver of the upper branch divides the single-frequency point oscillation signal output by the local oscillation source into an upper branch oscillation signal and a lower branch oscillation signal through the power divider 2, and the upper branch oscillation signal is mixed with the upper branch test signal through the mixer of the microwave receiver.
Furthermore, in step 1), the lower branch test signal is first mixed with the lower branch oscillation source signal by the mixer 2 of the lower branch, then frequency-selected by the narrow band filter, and then odd-numbered times of pi/2 phase-shifted by the phase shifter, and finally the lower branch intermediate frequency signal is output.
Furthermore, in step 1), the phase-shifted signal is further amplified by the adjustable amplifier 1, and finally the lower branch intermediate frequency signal is output.
Preferably, in the step 2), the upper branch intermediate frequency signal and the lower branch intermediate frequency signal are mixed by the mixer 3, a baseband signal including phase information of the microwave receiver is output, the baseband signal is subjected to low-pass filtering by the low-pass filter and then enters the fourier analyzer for spectrum analysis, and finally, the phase noise value of the microwave receiver is obtained.
Based on the microwave signal processing technology, the two paths of microwave signals evenly divided from the auxiliary test source are respectively connected into the microwave receiver and the lower branch circuit for signal processing to obtain two paths of intermediate frequency signals, then the two paths of intermediate frequency signals are subjected to frequency mixing, and further the phase noise physical quantity of the microwave receiver is extracted and subjected to Fourier analysis, and the required phase noise data is obtained through solving. The invention has simple and ingenious conception, fills the blank of the current microwave receiver phase noise measuring device at home and abroad, constructs a method and a device for measuring the phase noise of the microwave receiver, can effectively realize the measurement of the phase noise of the microwave receiver, and has simple operation and high accuracy of the measuring result.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a typical microwave receiver;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of the apparatus for measuring the phase noise of the microwave receiver according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding of those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and drawings, which are not intended to limit the present invention.
In the prior art, according to the functional characteristics of a microwave receiver, the microwave receiver can be divided into a microwave circuit, a local oscillator, a mixer and an intermediate frequency circuit, and fig. 1 is a structural block diagram of a typical microwave receiver, wherein a cable at the front end of the mixer 1, an adjustable amplifier 2 and a filter 1 form the microwave circuit, and a filter 2 and an adjustable amplifier 3 at the rear end of the mixer form the intermediate frequency circuit; the microwave circuit is used for transmitting and processing microwave signals; the vibration source is used for providing a single-frequency point oscillation signal; the microwave signal and a single-frequency point oscillation signal provided by the local oscillation source are mixed by a mixer to realize intermediate frequency output; the output intermediate frequency signal can complete the signal processing processes of filtering, amplifying and the like through an intermediate frequency circuit.
The apparatus for measuring phase noise of a microwave receiver according to this embodiment may be used to measure phase noise of a microwave receiver, as shown in fig. 2, and includes: the device comprises an auxiliary test source, a power divider 1, a power divider 2, a mixer 2, a narrow-band filter, a phase shifter, a mixer 3, a low-pass filter and a Fourier analyzer;
the auxiliary test source is connected with the input end of the power divider 1, and two output ends of the power divider 1 are respectively connected with the microwave input end of the microwave receiver and the input end of the mixer 2; the input end of the power divider 2 is connected with the output end of the local oscillation source of the microwave receiver, and two output ends of the power divider 2 are respectively connected with the other input end of the frequency mixer 2 and the input end of the frequency mixer 1 of the microwave receiver; the output end of the mixer 2 is connected with the input end of the narrow-band filter, the output end of the narrow-band filter is connected with the input end of the phase shifter, the output end of the phase shifter and the output end of the microwave receiver are connected to the two input ends of the mixer 3, the output end of the mixer 3 is connected with the input end of the low-pass filter, and the output end of the low-pass filter is connected with the Fourier analyzer.
Furthermore, the device for measuring the phase noise of the microwave receiver further comprises an adjustable amplifier 1, and an input end and an output end of the adjustable amplifier 1 are respectively connected with an output end of the phase shifter and an input end of the mixer 3.
Furthermore, the auxiliary test source is a single-frequency signal source, the frequency of the auxiliary test source can be selected according to actual test requirements during working, if the phase noise of the microwave receiver at the working frequency f needs to be tested, the auxiliary test source with the same working frequency needs to be selected, and the measuring device has no strict requirements on the strength and the initial phase of the auxiliary test source.
When the apparatus for measuring the phase noise of a microwave receiver according to the above embodiment is used to measure the phase noise of a typical microwave receiver (the microwave receiver is defined as an upper branch, and a line formed by sequentially connecting the mixer 2, the narrow-band filter, the phase shifter, and the adjustable amplifier 1 in series is defined as a lower branch):
a single-frequency point signal output by the auxiliary test source is equally divided into an upper branch test signal and a lower branch test signal through the power divider 1; the single frequency point oscillation signal output by the local oscillation source in the microwave receiver is equally divided into an upper branch oscillation signal and a lower branch oscillation source signal by the power divider 2.
The upper branch test signal enters the microwave receiver of the upper branch, is transmitted to the adjustable amplifier 2 through a cable, is amplified, is subjected to frequency selection through the filter 1, is subjected to frequency mixing with the upper branch oscillation signal which is uniformly divided by the local oscillation source in the frequency mixer 1, is selected by the filter 2 to obtain an intermediate frequency signal after frequency mixing, is subjected to loss compensation through the adjustable amplifier 3, and is finally output as the upper branch intermediate frequency signal.
The lower branch test signal enters a lower branch, is mixed with a lower branch oscillation source signal uniformly divided by a local oscillation source through a mixer 2, is subjected to frequency selection through a narrow-band filter, is subjected to odd-number-times phase shift of pi/2 through a phase shifter and is compensated for loss through an adjustable amplifier 1, and finally, the lower branch intermediate frequency signal output is realized.
And mixing the obtained upper branch intermediate frequency signal and the lower branch intermediate frequency signal by a mixer 3, outputting a baseband signal containing phase information of the microwave receiver, performing low-pass filtering on the baseband signal by a low-pass filter, and then entering a Fourier analyzer for spectrum analysis to finally obtain a phase noise value of the microwave receiver.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the signals output by the auxiliary test source and the local vibration source are sine wave signals respectively
And
are respectively two signalsAmplitude of (a), ωRAnd omegaLBeing the angular frequency, theta, of both signals1And theta2Is the initial phase of the two signals. The auxiliary test source equally divides the upper branch test signal Acos (omega) through the power divider 1Rt+θ1) And a lower branch test signal Acos (ω)Rt+θ1) The vibration source divides the upper branch oscillation signal Bcos (omega) through the power divider 2Lt+θ2) And the lower branch oscillation signal Bcos (ω)Lt+θ2)。
First, for the upper leg. The upper branch intermediate frequency signal that the upper branch test signal and the upper branch oscillation signal accessed to the upper branch realize the intermediate frequency output through the processing of the microwave receiver can be expressed as follows:
wherein, alpha is the loss coefficient of the microwave circuit; beta is a1The frequency conversion loss coefficient of a mixer 1 in a microwave receiver; gamma ray1The loss coefficient of the intermediate frequency circuit; omegaIFIs the angular frequency of the intermediate frequency signal, delta theta is the phase difference between the upper branch test signal and the upper branch oscillation signal,
the phase noise of the microwave receiver is the physical quantity to be measured of the device, and the following are additionally included:
ωIF＝(ωR-ωL) (2)
Δθ＝θ1-θ2 (3)
for a typical microwave receiver as referred to in fig. 1, the loss factor α of the microwave circuit is determined by the insertion loss I of the cable in the microwave circuiteVoltage gain g of adjustable amplifier 22Insertion loss I with filter 1f1The decision, which can be expressed as:
mixer in microwave receiver1 conversion loss factor beta1Can be expressed as:
wherein Im1Is the insertion loss of the mixer 1 in the microwave receiver.
Loss factor gamma of intermediate frequency circuit1The insertion loss of the filter 2 and the voltage gain of the adjustable amplifier 3 can be expressed as:
then, for the down leg. In the lower branch, the lower branch test signal is down-converted by the mixer 2 and the lower branch oscillation signal, then the frequency is selected by the narrow band filter, the phase of the lower branch test signal is adjusted and controlled by the phase shifter, finally the loss is compensated by the adjustable amplifier 1, and the lower branch intermediate frequency signal is output, and the signal can be expressed as:
S2＝β2γ2ABcos(ωIFt+Δθ+ξ) (7)
wherein, beta2Is the conversion loss factor of the mixer 2; gamma ray2The loss coefficient of the lower branch intermediate frequency circuit (the intermediate frequency circuit consists of a narrow-band filter, a phase shifter and an adjustable amplifier 1); ξ is the amount of phase shift provided by the phase shifter. Beta is a2Determined by the mixer 2 of the lower branch, it can be expressed as:
Im2is the insertion loss of the mixer 2; loss factor gamma of intermediate frequency circuit of lower branch2Then, the insertion loss of the narrow-band filter and the phase shifter, and the voltage gain of the tunable amplifier 1 are determined together, which can be expressed as:
then, the upper branch intermediate frequency signal and the lower branch intermediate frequency signal are mixed in the mixer 3, and the mixed baseband signal can be expressed as:
wherein, Im3For the insertion loss of the mixer 3, simplification can lead to:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the baseband signal is finally passed through a low-pass filter to filter out 2 omegaIFOnly the baseband signal containing the phase noise of the microwave receiver remains, that is:
the control voltage of the phase shifter is tuned such that
Even if the phase shift amount is an odd multiple of pi/2, the above formula is simplified as follows:
while noise
The above equation continues to be simplified as:
the simplified formula shows that the baseband signal finally entering the fourier analyzer is a near-dc signal proportional to the phase noise of the microwave receiver by processing the microwave signal.
And finally, solving the phase noise. According to the definition of phase noise: the ratio of the corresponding power within the 1Hz bandwidth at the carrier frequency offset f to the power of the entire carrier. The phase noise of the microwave receiver can be finally obtained as follows:
wherein FFT (S)out) Is SoutCan be determined by a Fourier analyzer, PinFor the microwave signal power input to the receiver, of value
Z is the input impedance of the receiver.
The above embodiments are preferred implementations of the present invention, and the present invention can be implemented in other ways without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Some of the drawings and descriptions of the present invention have been simplified to facilitate the understanding of the improvements over the prior art by those skilled in the art, and some other elements have been omitted from this document for the sake of clarity, and it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that such omitted elements may also constitute the subject matter of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An apparatus for measuring phase noise of a microwave receiver, comprising: the device comprises an auxiliary test source, a power divider 1, a power divider 2, a mixer 2, a narrow-band filter, a phase shifter, a mixer 3, a low-pass filter and a Fourier analyzer;
the auxiliary test source is connected with the input end of the power divider 1, and two output ends of the power divider 1 are respectively connected with the microwave input end of the microwave receiver and the input end of the mixer 2;
the input end of the power divider 2 is connected with the output end of the local oscillation source of the microwave receiver, and two output ends of the power divider 2 are respectively connected with the other input end of the frequency mixer 2 and the input end of the frequency mixer 1 of the microwave receiver;
the output end of the mixer 2 is connected with the input end of a narrow-band filter, the output end of the narrow-band filter is connected with the input end of a phase shifter, the output end of the phase shifter and the output end of a microwave receiver are connected to two input ends of a mixer 3, the output end of the mixer 3 is connected with the input end of a low-pass filter, and the output end of the low-pass filter is connected with a Fourier analyzer.
2. The apparatus for measuring phase noise of a microwave receiver according to claim 1, wherein: the phase shifter further comprises an adjustable amplifier 1, wherein the input end and the output end of the adjustable amplifier 1 are respectively connected with the output end of the phase shifter and the input end of the frequency mixer 3.
3. The apparatus for measuring phase noise of a microwave receiver according to claim 2, wherein: the auxiliary test source is a single-frequency point signal source, and the working frequency of the single-frequency point signal source is the same as that of the microwave receiver.
4. The method for measuring the phase noise of the microwave receiver comprises the following steps:
1) dividing a signal output by an auxiliary test source into an upper branch test signal and a lower branch test signal; the upper branch test signal enters a microwave receiver of an upper branch and is mixed with the upper branch oscillation signal uniformly divided by the local oscillation source in a mixer 1, and the upper branch intermediate frequency signal is output after frequency conversion; the lower branch test signal enters a lower branch and is mixed with a lower branch oscillation source signal uniformly divided by a local oscillation source through a mixer 2, phase shifting is carried out after frequency conversion, and an intermediate frequency signal of the lower branch is output after odd-number-times phase shifting of pi/2 is carried out;
2) mixing the upper branch intermediate frequency signal and the lower branch intermediate frequency signal obtained in the step 1), then performing low-pass filtering, and finally performing Fourier analysis to obtain a phase noise value of the microwave receiver.
5. A method of measuring the phase noise of a microwave receiver according to claim 4, wherein: the auxiliary test source is a single-frequency point signal source, and the working frequency of the single-frequency point signal source is the same as that of the microwave receiver.
6. A method of measuring the phase noise of a microwave receiver according to claim 5, wherein: in the step 1), the power divider 1 is adopted to equally divide the signal output by the auxiliary test source into an upper branch test signal and a lower branch test signal.
7. A method of measuring phase noise of a microwave receiver according to claim 6, wherein: the microwave receiver of the upper branch divides the single-frequency point oscillation signal output by the local oscillation source into an upper branch oscillation signal and a lower branch oscillation signal through the power divider 2, and the upper branch oscillation signal is mixed with the upper branch test signal through the mixer of the microwave receiver.
8. A method of measuring phase noise of a microwave receiver according to claim 7, wherein: in step 1), the lower branch test signal is first mixed with a lower branch oscillation source signal by a mixer 2 of the lower branch, frequency selection is performed by a narrow band filter, odd-number-times phase shift of pi/2 is performed by a phase shifter, and finally a lower branch intermediate frequency signal is output.
9. A method of measuring phase noise of a microwave receiver according to claim 8, wherein: in step 1), the phase-shifted signal is further amplified by an adjustable amplifier 1, and finally a lower branch intermediate frequency signal is output.
10. A method of measuring phase noise of a microwave receiver according to claim 9, wherein: in the step 2), the upper branch intermediate frequency signal and the lower branch intermediate frequency signal are mixed by the mixer 3, a baseband signal containing phase information of the microwave receiver is output, the baseband signal is subjected to low-pass filtering by the low-pass filter and then enters the fourier analyzer for spectrum analysis, and finally the phase noise value of the microwave receiver is obtained.
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| CN106338658A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-01-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | Phase noise measurement method and device based on radio frequency cancellation |
| WO2018044500A1 (en) * | 2016-09-01 | 2018-03-08 | Imra America, Inc. | Ultra low noise photonic phase noise measurement system for microwave signal |
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| CN106338658A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-01-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | Phase noise measurement method and device based on radio frequency cancellation |
| WO2018044500A1 (en) * | 2016-09-01 | 2018-03-08 | Imra America, Inc. | Ultra low noise photonic phase noise measurement system for microwave signal |
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| An experimental mm-wave receiver system for measuring phase noise due to atmospheric turbulence;E Vilar等;《1995 25th European Microwave Conference》;20070326;第114-119页 * |
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