CN109450254A - A kind of control method of the intermittent mode of 2 stage converter - Google Patents

A kind of control method of the intermittent mode of 2 stage converter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109450254A
CN109450254A CN201811337937.2A CN201811337937A CN109450254A CN 109450254 A CN109450254 A CN 109450254A CN 201811337937 A CN201811337937 A CN 201811337937A CN 109450254 A CN109450254 A CN 109450254A
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converter
prime
intermittent mode
driving signal
control
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CN109450254B (en
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孙伟锋
詹成旺
钱钦松
王廷营
廖良闯
唐海瑞
时龙兴
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Southeast University
Lianyungang Jierui Electronics Co Ltd
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Lianyungang Jierui Electronics Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A kind of control method of the intermittent mode of 2 stage converter, when the work of two-stage Buck-Boost LLC converter is in intermittent mode, start in each intermittent mode period, microcontroller configures timer single and triggers one-shot mode, and control timer generates one group of four tunnel and preconditions pulse width signal, and four switching tube S of converter are controlled after isolation drive1~S4, make S1Driving signal is " low ", S2Driving signal is "high", S3Driving signal is "high", S4Driving signal is " low ", and realization preconditions prime inductive current, by zero adjustment to a preset negative value.After four preconditioning pulsewidths, microcontroller configures runs in multicycle periodic mode.The present invention makes prime inductive current quickly enter stable state by four preconditioning pulsewidths being added, and guarantees that the no-voltage of prime switching tube is open-minded, improves efficiency of the converter under intermittent mode.

Description

A kind of control method of the intermittent mode of 2 stage converter
Technical field
The present invention relates to Buck-Boost LLC converter, between especially a kind of Buck-Boost LLC 2 stage converter The control method for mode of having a rest.
Background technique
LLC resonant converter can realize that switch tube zero voltage is open-minded in full-load range, synchronous rectifier zero current Shutdown, so as to reduce switching loss, improves efficiency.But LLC resonant converter uses frequency control, when gain ranging is wide When, the variation range of switching frequency is also wider, is unfavorable for the design of magnetic element, electromagnetic interference.And use peer's property Buck-Boost and the cascade Buck-Boost LLC 2 stage converter of LLC, rear class LLC work in resonant frequency point, pass through tune Section prime Buck-Boost adjusts gain, can in the case where guaranteeing that all primary side sides switching tubes realizes that no-voltage is opened, Still there is wider gain ranging.Therefore, Buck-Boost LLC 2 stage converter starts to get growing concern for.
But Buck-Boost LLC 2 stage converter is unsatisfactory in efficiency at light load.In order to overcome the problems, such as this, Know that technology is to allow the work of Buck-Boost LLC 2 stage converter in discontinuous operation pattern, the switching in the unit time is reduced with this Number and overall power consumption, are able to ascend efficiency.In intermittent operation mode, when the size of output voltage is higher than preset defeated Upper voltage limit V outrefmaxWhen, microcontroller generates an OFF signal, closes the driving signal of each switching tube, at this time output electricity Drops；When the size of output voltage is lower than preset output voltage lower limit value VrefminWhen, microcontroller generates an ON letter Number, the driving signal of each switching tube is opened, output voltage rises at this time；In this way, in the unit time, the average switch of each switching tube Number reduces, and power consumption reduces.
However, above-mentioned intermittent operation mode still has some shortcomings.For example, when generating ON signal, prime inductance Size of current be zero, the waveform of prime inductive current needs multiple periods to get to stable state, that is to say, that in this few week In phase, the upper down tube of preceding bridge arm does not ensure that the realization that no-voltage is opened, this can damage the efficiency under underloading.
Summary of the invention
The present invention in view of the drawbacks of the prior art, provides a kind of control method of the intermittent mode of 2 stage converter, can Guarantee to make prime inductive current waveform reach stable state as early as possible after ON signal generates, can be improved the change of Buck-Boost LLC two-stage Efficiency under parallel operation underloading.
The present invention to achieve the above object, adopts the following technical scheme that a kind of control of the intermittent mode of 2 stage converter Method, 2 stage converter include that prime One Buck-Boost converter body and the cascade of rear class LLC resonant converter are constituted, 2 stage converter Primary side side is equipped with S1、S2、S3And S4Four switching tubes and prime inductance L, S1And S2The upper switch pipe of respectively preceding bridge arm is opened under Guan Guan, S3And S4The upper switch pipe and lower switch pipe of bridge arm, wherein switching tube S after respectively3And S4For prime Buck-Boost change Parallel operation and rear class LLC resonant converter share；
It is characterized by: setting output voltage sampling circuit, using microcontrol processor as the control circuit of core and every The control system and cascade converter constituted from driving circuit forms closed loop, using microcontrol processor as the control circuit packet of core Include ADC module, control logic module and two timers TIMER1 and TIMER2；In each intermittent mode of cascade converter In duty cycle, voltage sampling circuit samples the output voltage V of cascade converteroFeedback signal V is obtained through partial pressurefb, feedback letter Number VfbDigital signal V is converted into through ADC moduleosIt is exported later to control logic module, control logic module is to digital signal Vos Signal carries out logic judgment, so that control timer TIMER1 generates complementary PWM signals D1, D2 of the two-way with dead time, control Timer TIMER2 processed generates two-way complementary PWM drive signal D3, D4 with dead time, by above-mentioned pwm signal D1, D2, D3, D4 obtains corresponding driving signal G1, G2, G3, G4 after isolation drive module, is respectively used to four of cascaded converter Switching tube S1、S2、S3And S4。
Within each discontinuous mode operation period of cascade converter, the detailed process of control method includes:
1) the output voltage V of cascade converter is sampledo, feedback signal V is obtained after dividingfb, feedback signal VfbBy ADC Module is converted to digital signal Vos, by digital signal VosIt is input to control logic module；
2) control logic module compares VosWith preset output voltage VoUpper limit value VrefmaxAnd preset output voltage Vo Lower limit value VrefminIt is compared, if Vos<Vrefmin, then intermittent mode mark amount flag is set as digital quantity 1, is denoted as ON；If Vos>Vrefmax, then intermittent mode mark amount flag is set as digital quantity 0, is denoted as OFF；
3) control logic module judges the variation of intermittent mode mark amount flag, if intermittent mode mark amount flag is by OFF Become ON, at this time an intermittent mode period, control logic module configures timer TIMER1 and timer TIMER2 work Make to trigger one-shot mode in single, and control timer TIMER1 generates two-way and preconditions pulsewidth driving signal D3 and D4, Control timer TIMER2 generates two-way and preconditions pulsewidth driving signal D1 and D2, for controlling converter after isolation drive Four switching tube S1~S4, make switching tube S1Driving signal is " low ", switching tube S2Driving signal is "high", switching tube S3Driving letter Number be "high", switching tube S4Driving signal is " low ", and realization preconditions the electric current of prime inductance L, by zero adjustment to one Preset negative value, the time span of preconditioning pulsewidth driving signal are △ t, Δ t=-ImL/Vout；
Wherein, ImPrime inductive current negative value when for preset stable state, L are the size of prime inductance, VoutFor prime The output voltage of One Buck-Boost converter body；
4) after by the △ t time, control logic module configures timer TIMER1 and TIMER2 work in the multicycle Periodic mode, and the period for configuring timer TIMER1 and TIMER2 is the switch periods of cascade converter, at this time timing Device TIMER1 generates two-way complementary PWM signals D1, D2, and timer TIMER2 generates two-way complementary PWM signals D3, D4, through being isolated After driving, corresponding driving signal G1, G2, G3, G4 are obtained, is respectively used to four switching tube S of control cascade converter1、S2、 S3And S4；
5) if intermittent mode mark amount flag is OFF, control logic module control timer TIMER1 and TIMER2 by ON Stop four road pwm signal D1, D2, D3 and D4 of output, when detecting intermittent mode mark amount flag again by OFF is ON, one A intermittent mode end cycle, and start next tapping mode pattern cycle.
Advantages of the present invention and effect: the present invention is carried out preparatory by the inductive current to prime One Buck-Boost converter body Adjustment, can be realized converter when each switch periods start, the negative value of prime inductive current is equal, passes through four of addition Pulsewidth is preconditioned, prime inductive current is made to quickly enter stable state, the no-voltage of bridge arm switching tube is open-minded before guaranteeing, improves Efficiency of the converter under intermittent mode.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of two-stage Buck-Boost LLC converter；
Fig. 2 is the control block diagram of two-stage Buck-Boost LLC converter
Fig. 3 is the timing diagram under the general intermittent mode of one kind；
Fig. 4 is a kind of intermittent mode switching sequence figure that two-stage Buck-Boost LLC converter is general；
Fig. 5 is the switching sequence figure of control method of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the timing waveform analogous diagram under control method of the present invention
Fig. 7 is the present invention and universal method efficiency curve diagram
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of two-stage Buck-Boost LLC converter, and wherein S1-S4 is respectively the metal-oxide-semiconductor of primary side side, electricity Sense L is prime Buck-Boost inductance, and Lm is magnetizing inductance, and Lr and Cr are respectively resonant inductance and resonant capacitance.D1 and D2 are The rectifying tube of secondary side, Vin are input voltage, and the output voltage that Vout is prime Buck-Boost grades, Vo is output voltage.
Fig. 2 is the control block diagram of two-stage Buck-Boost LLC converter, by 2 stage converter circuit and output voltage Sample circuit and microcontroller (MCU) composition, voltage sampling circuit sampling and outputting voltage VoObtain partial pressure feedback signal VfbAnd it will It inputs the analog-digital converter (ADC) built in microcontroller to VfbDigital signal V is obtained after carrying out analog-to-digital conversionos, and by VosLetter It number send to control logic module, V of the control logic module to inputosSignal carries out logic judgment, to control TIMER1 generation Complementary PWM signals D1, D2 of the two-way with dead time, control TIMER2 generate complementary PWM of the two-way with dead time and drive letter Number D3, D4.Above-mentioned pwm signal D1, D2, D3, D4 are input to isolation drive module, respectively obtain driving signal G1, G2, G3, G4, It is respectively used to four switching tubes S1, S2, S3 and S4 of cascaded converter.
Fig. 3 is output voltage waveforms and prime inductance of the two-stage Buck-Boost LLC converter work under intermittent mode Current waveform figure.Wherein VosFor output voltage VoDigital voltage signal after sampled circuit and ADC conversion, works as VosHigher than pre- If output voltage limit value Vrefmax when, control logic module be arranged intermittent mode mark amount flag be OFF, control simultaneously Timer module stops output pwm signal, and output voltage declines at this time；Work as VosLower than preset output voltage lower limit value When Vrefmin, it is ON that intermittent mode mark amount flag, which is arranged, in control logic module, and configures timer and generate specific PWM letter Number, output voltage rises at this time；
Fig. 4 is the switching sequence figure under the general two-stage Buck-Boost LLC converter intermittent mode of one kind, specific The course of work is as follows:
(1) in t0The digital voltage signal V generated after moment, the sampled circuit of output voltage and ADC conversionosHigher than pre- If output voltage limit value Vrefmax, intermittent mode mark amount flag becomes ON from OFF this moment, and microcontroller starts to generate PWM Signal, i.e., in t0-t1Stage, S2 pipe and S4 pipe are opened, and the voltage swing for being added in prime inductance both ends at this time is zero, then prime electricity Inducing current remains zero.In t1-t2Stage, S1 pipe and S4 pipe are opened, and are added in the voltage swing at prime inductance both ends at this time as input Voltage Vin, then prime inductive current is begun to ramp up by zero.In t2-t3Stage, S1 pipe and S3 pipe are opened, and are added in prime inductance at this time The voltage swing at both ends is Vout-VinIf Vout-VinIt is zero, then prime inductive current remains unchanged.In t3-t4Stage, S2 pipe and S3 pipe is opened, and the voltage swing for being added in prime inductance both ends at this time is-Vout, the decline of prime inductive current.
(2) after it have passed through process described in several above-mentioned (1), two-stage Buck-Boost LLC converter gradually into Enter steady-working state, in t later5Moment, VosLower than preset output voltage limit value Vrefmin, intermittent mode mark amount Flag becomes OFF from ON, and microcontroller stops output pwm signal, and prime inductive current gradually decays to zero.
Fig. 5 is control sequential figure of the present invention, and specific work process is as follows:
(1) in t0The digital voltage signal V generated after moment, the sampled circuit of output voltage and ADC conversionosHigher than pre- If output voltage limit value Vrefmax, intermittent mode mark amount flag becomes ON from OFF this moment, while microcontroller calculates Precondition the pulsewidth Δ t of pulse.The pulsewidth Δ t for preconditioning pulse group can be calculated as below:
Δ t=t1-t2=-ImL/Vout
Wherein ImPrime inductive current negative value when for preset stable state, L are the size of prime inductance, VoutFor Buck- Boost grades of output voltage.
After the completion of calculating, in t1Moment, microcontroller control timer TIMER1 and TIMER2 work are triggered in single One-shot mode, and control timer TIMER1 generates two-way and preconditions pulsewidth driving signal D3 and D4, control timer TIMER2 generates two-way and preconditions pulsewidth driving signal D1 and D2, for controlling four switching tubes of converter after isolation drive S1~S4, make switching tube S1Driving signal is " low ", switching tube S2Driving signal is "high", switching tube S3Driving signal be "high", Switching tube S4Driving signal is " low ", i.e. unlatching S2 and S3 pipe, and prime inductive current is begun to decline by zero at this time, in t2It is moment, preceding Grade inductive current reaches preset negative current ImPlace.
(2) in t2Moment, control logic module configure timer TIMER1 and TIMER2 work in multicycle periodic Mode, and the period for configuring timer TIMER1 and TIMER2 is the switch periods of cascade converter, at this time timer TIMER1 Two-way complementary PWM signals D1, D2 are generated, timer TIMER2 generates two-way complementary PWM signals D3, D4 and obtains after isolation drive To corresponding driving signal G1, G2, G3, G4, it is respectively used to four switching tube S of control cascade converter1、S2、S3And S4.? t2-t3Stage, S2 pipe and S4 are managed while being opened, and prime inductive current remains negative value and do not change at this time.In t3-t4Stage, S1 pipe and S4 are managed while being opened, and prime inductive current is begun to ramp up.In t5-t6Stage, S1 and S3 are managed while being opened, inductive current It remains unchanged.In t6-t7Stage, S2 and S3 are opened simultaneously, and inductive current drops to preset negative value.
(3) after process described in several (2), in t8Moment, VosLower than preset output voltage limit value Vrefmin, OFF signal generates at this time, and the driving signal of S1-S4 pipe is all closed, and prime inductive current gradually decays to zero.
Fig. 6 is the timing waveform analogous diagram under control method of the present invention, it is seen that the waveform diagram of emulation and the knot of theory analysis Fruit coincide, and demonstrates effectiveness of the invention.
Fig. 7 is using general control method and using the curve of control method downconverter efficiency proposed by the present invention Figure.Different from the general control method for allowing prime inductive current gradually to reach stable state, the present invention can make prime inductive current In the time of above-mentioned preconditioning pulse width, stable state is reached, guarantees that the no-voltage of S1 and S2 pipe is open-minded, effectively raises change The working efficiency of parallel operation.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of control method of the intermittent mode of 2 stage converter, 2 stage converter include prime One Buck-Boost converter body with The cascade of rear class LLC resonant converter is constituted, and 2 stage converter primary side side is equipped with S1、S2、S3And S4Four switching tubes and prime inductance L, S1And S2The upper switch pipe and lower switch pipe of respectively preceding bridge arm, S3And S4The upper switch pipe and lower switch of bridge arm after respectively It manages, wherein switching tube S3And S4It is shared for prime One Buck-Boost converter body and rear class LLC resonant converter；
It is characterized by: output voltage sampling circuit is arranged, is driven by the control circuit of core and isolation of microcontrol processor The control system and cascade converter that dynamic circuit is constituted form closed loop, include by the control circuit of core of microcontrol processor ADC module, control logic module and two timers TIMER1 and TIMER2；In each intermittent mode work of cascade converter Make in the period, voltage sampling circuit samples the output voltage V of cascade converteroFeedback signal V is obtained through partial pressurefb, feedback signal VfbDigital signal V is converted into through ADC moduleosIt is exported later to control logic module, control logic module is to digital signal VosLetter Number carry out logic judgment, thus control timer TIMER1 generate complementary PWM signals D1, D2 of the two-way with dead time, control Timer TIMER2 generates two-way complementary PWM drive signal D3, D4 with dead time, by above-mentioned pwm signal D1, D2, D3, D4 After isolation drive module, corresponding driving signal G1, G2, G3, G4 are obtained, four for being respectively used to cascaded converter open Close pipe S1、S2、S3And S4。
2. the control method of the intermittent mode of 2 stage converter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in cascaded transformation In each discontinuous mode operation period of device, the detailed process of control method includes:
1) the output voltage V of cascade converter is sampledo, feedback signal V is obtained after dividingfb, feedback signal VfbBy ADC module Be converted to digital signal Vos, by digital signal VosIt is input to control logic module；
2) control logic module compares VosWith preset output voltage VoUpper limit value VrefmaxAnd preset output voltage VoUnder Limit value VrefminIt is compared, if Vos<Vrefmin, then intermittent mode mark amount flag is set as digital quantity 1, is denoted as ON；If Vos> Vrefmax, then intermittent mode mark amount flag is set as digital quantity 0, is denoted as OFF；
3) control logic module judges the variation of intermittent mode mark amount flag, if intermittent mode mark amount flag is become from OFF ON, an intermittent mode period, control logic module configure timer TIMER1 and timer TIMER2 work and exist at this time Single triggers one-shot mode, and control timer TIMER1 generates two-way and preconditions pulsewidth driving signal D3 and D4, control Timer TIMER2 generates two-way and preconditions pulsewidth driving signal D1 and D2, for controlling four of converter after isolation drive Switching tube S1~S4, make switching tube S1Driving signal is " low ", switching tube S2Driving signal is "high", switching tube S3Driving signal is "high", switching tube S4Driving signal is " low ", and realization preconditions the electric current of prime inductance L, preset by zero adjustment to one Negative value, preconditioning pulsewidth driving signal time span be △ t, Δ t=-ImL/Vout；
Wherein, ImPrime inductive current negative value when for preset stable state, L are the size of prime inductance, VoutFor prime Buck- The output voltage of Boost；
4) after by the △ t time, control logic module configures timer TIMER1 and TIMER2 work in the multicycle Periodic mode, and the period for configuring timer TIMER1 and TIMER2 is the switch periods of cascade converter, at this time timing Device TIMER1 generates two-way complementary PWM signals D1, D2, and timer TIMER2 generates two-way complementary PWM signals D3, D4, through being isolated After driving, corresponding driving signal G1, G2, G3, G4 are obtained, is respectively used to four switching tube S of control cascade converter1、S2、 S3And S4；
If 5) intermittent mode mark amount flag is OFF by ON, control logic module control timer TIMER1 and TIMER2 stop Four road pwm signal D1, D2, D3 and D4 are exported, when detecting intermittent mode mark amount flag again by OFF is ON, between one Pattern cycle of having a rest terminates, and starts next tapping mode pattern cycle.
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