CN109447363A - Grassland ecology method for early warning and device - Google Patents
Grassland ecology method for early warning and device Download PDFInfo
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of grassland ecology method for early warning and devices, are related to the technical field of grassland ecology early warning, and method includes selected warning index, measure the warning index value of each warning index in sample ground；Determine police's grade of each warning index on every piece of sample ground, according to warning index value to obtain the crucial warning index on sample ground；Pre-warning indexes system is constructed according to warning index, determines the weight sets W of warning indexm；Establish warning index fuzzy matter element matrix Rmn, according to warning index fuzzy matter element matrix RmnWith weight sets WmCalculate comprehensive degree of prosperity index Im, according to comprehensive degree of prosperity index ImWarning level division is carried out, the synthesis degree of prosperity index I on every piece of sample ground is calculatedm；According to comprehensive degree of prosperity index ImObtain warning level locating for every piece of sample ground.The present invention can carry out ecology language, thoroughly evaluating meadow situation to meadow, and the trend of reflection meadow forward direction or reversal evolvement indicates the change direction on the following meadow, provides safeguard to carry out targetedly health control to meadow.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to grassland ecology early warning technology fields, more particularly, to a kind of grassland ecology method for early warning and device.
Background technique
The Grassland ecosystems fuzzy system complicated as one, health status and early warning situation by many factors and because
The influence of son.In general, for different degenerate states, the producer and user propose and in accordance with certain pipe in view of regulatory requirement
Reason measure.But meadow is described as the basic status such as degenerated, do not degenerated by the producer and user, using cover cover degree, biology
It is often relatively simple that the degenerate state of the indexs such as amount, ground line gradient describes method, cannot reflect complicated fuzzy system meadow comprehensively
Real situation.In recent years, grassland healthy assessment is carried out with analytic hierarchy process (AHP), it is abundant that appraisement system constructs index.But meadow is managed
Reason and utilization, only reside within analysis level, are only capable of the status on reflection meadow, including its degeneration severity, but cannot indicate
The following grassland change direction.
In Qinghai-Tibet Platean, since altitude environment is severe, the Alpine Grasslands ecosystem is especially sensitive to interfering.Especially in recent years
Come, due to climate warming and overgraze, Alpine Grasslands ecosystem function has shown that the reduction of Grass cover rate, biomass
The degeneration sign of decline.With intensive utilization, Grazing system changes, and Grassland ecosystems are faced with increasing grazing
Power is easily degenerated.It is serious in grassland degeneration, in the case of ecological functions decline, not yet establish effective grassland ecology early warning system
System.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of grassland ecology method for early warning and device, can to meadow into
Row ecology language, thoroughly evaluating meadow situation, the trend of reflection meadow forward direction or reversal evolvement indicate the variation side on the following meadow
To for meadow progress, targetedly health control is provided safeguard.
In a first aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of grassland ecology method for early warning, comprising:
Early warning is selected to different samples according to landform, Grazing system, grassland types, vegetation state and soil regime to refer to
Mark；
Sample acquisition to the sample is carried out, and measures the warning index value of each warning index of the sample；
According to police's grade of each of with the determining every piece of sample warning index of the warning index value, with obtaining the sample
Crucial warning index；
Pre-warning indexes system is constructed using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) according to the warning index, assigns power for each warning index
Weight carries out consistency check to the warning index weight, determines the weight sets W of warning indexm；
Warning index fuzzy matter element matrix R is established according to the following formulamn:
In formula, for sample, for sample number, c are warning index to m to M, and n is warning index number, and u is fuzzy matter element value；According to institute
State warning index fuzzy matter element matrix RmnWith the weight sets WmCalculate comprehensive degree of prosperity index Im, wherein Im=Wm×Rmn=
(I1,I2,…,Im)；
According to the comprehensive degree of prosperity index ImCarry out warning level division；
Calculate the synthesis degree of prosperity index I on every piece of sample groundm, according to the comprehensive degree of prosperity index ImWith obtaining every piece of sample institute
The warning level at place.
With reference to first aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides the first possible embodiments of first aspect, wherein root
Pre-warning indexes system is constructed using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) according to the warning index, weight is assigned for each warning index, to described pre-
Alert index weights carry out consistency check, determine the weight sets W of warning indexmThe step of, comprising:
The pre-warning indexes system is divided into destination layer, rule layer and index factor layer；The rule layer includes meadow matter
Figureofmerit, habitat index and ecosystem carrying capacity index；Using the warning index as the index factor layer；
The division of early warning intensity grade is carried out to each element in the pre-warning indexes system, early warning intensity grade threshold is set
Value；
Index in the rule layer is compared two-by-two according to the early warning intensity grade and the early warning intensity grade threshold value
Relative importance carry out assignment, and the relative importance compared two-by-two to the index factor under each index carries out assignment；
The judgment matrix that rule layer is constructed according to the assignment for the relative importance compared two-by-two to index in rule layer, according to
The judgment matrix of the assignment building index factor layer for the relative importance that index factor under each index is compared two-by-two；
Calculate separately the maximum eigenvalue λ of each judgment matrixmax；
Consistency check is carried out according to the following formula to the judgment matrix；
Wherein, C.I. is the relative importance of two index factors, and n is the order of weight matrix；
Correction value R.I. is introduced, C.I. is modified using following formula:
As C.R < 0.10, the judgment matrix meets consistency check, the weight sets W after being examinedm。
With reference to first aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides second of possible embodiments of first aspect, wherein root
According to the warning index value each of with determining every piece of sample police's grade of the warning index the step of, comprising:
Alert grade is divided for warning index described in each, and determines each warning index in every kind of warning index
Threshold range under alert grade；
Each of according to every piece of sample the warning index value determines threshold range locating for the warning index value, thus
Each of with judging every piece of sample police's grade of the warning index.
The possible embodiment of with reference to first aspect the first, the embodiment of the invention provides the third of first aspect
Possible embodiment, wherein the Grassland Quality index includes bald spot ratio, divot thickness, ground biomass, vegetation lid
Degree, sociales height and Plant Diversity, the habitat index include the full carbon of soil, soil available phosphorus, total soil nitrogen, soil speed
Imitating potassium, soil moisture and the soil gradient, the ecosystem carrying capacity index includes grazing intensity, the herbage output value and dominant grass ratio
Example.
The possible embodiment of with reference to first aspect the first, the embodiment of the invention provides the 4th kind of first aspect
Possible embodiment, wherein the early warning intensity grade include of equal importance, slightly important, obvious important, much more significant and
It is absolutely essential；The threshold value of equal importance is 1~2, the slightly important threshold value is 2~4, the obvious important threshold value
Threshold value for 4~6, the much more significant is 6~8, and the absolutely essential threshold value is 8~9.
With reference to first aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides the 5th kind of possible embodiments of first aspect, wherein root
According to the comprehensive degree of prosperity index ImThe step of carrying out warning level division, comprising:
Work as ImIt is no police when less than 2, works as ImIt is light police when between 2~4, works as ImIt is middle police when between 4~6, works as Im?
Attach most importance to police when between 6~8, works as ImIt is huge police when greater than 8.
With reference to first aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides the 6th kind of possible embodiments of first aspect, wherein will
Warning index is classified as cost type index and profit evaluation model index；
Fuzzy matter element value u is calculated according to cost type index formula and profit evaluation model index formula.
Second aspect, the embodiment of the present invention also provide a kind of grassland ecology prior-warning device, including the index choosing being sequentially connected
The alert grade division module of cover half block, sampling module, warning index, weight determination module, prosperous value computing module, warning level divide
Module and warning level judgment module；
The index choosing module is used for according to landform, Grazing system, grassland types, vegetation state and soil regime to not
Select warning index to same sample；
The sampling module measures each warning index to the sample for the sample carrying out sample acquisition
Warning index value；
The alert grade division module of the warning index is used for each of with determining every piece of sample described according to the warning index value
Police's grade of warning index, to obtain the crucial warning index on the sample ground；
The weight determination module is used to construct pre-warning indexes system using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) according to the warning index, is
Each warning index assigns weight, carries out consistency check to the warning index weight, determines the weight sets W of warning indexm；
The boom value computing module for establishing warning index fuzzy matter element matrix R according to the following formulamn:
In formula, for sample, for sample number, c are warning index to m to M, and n is warning index number, and u is fuzzy matter element value；According to institute
State warning index fuzzy matter element matrix RmnWith the weight sets WmCalculate comprehensive degree of prosperity index Im, wherein Im=Wm×Rmn=
(I1,I2,…,Im)；
The warning level division module is used for according to the comprehensive degree of prosperity index ImCarry out warning level division；
The warning level judgment module is used to calculate the synthesis degree of prosperity index I on every piece of sample groundm, according to the comprehensive scape
Manner index ImObtain warning level locating for every piece of sample ground.
In conjunction with second aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides the first possible embodiments of second aspect, wherein institute
Weight determination module is stated to include hierarchical block, grade classification module, threshold module, generate judgment matrix module and inspection module；
The hierarchical block is used to the pre-warning indexes system being divided into destination layer, rule layer and index factor layer；It is described
Rule layer includes Grassland Quality index, habitat index and ecosystem carrying capacity index；Using the warning index as the index because
Sublayer；
The grade classification module is used to carry out early warning intensity grade to each element in the pre-warning indexes system to draw
Point, early warning intensity grade threshold value is set；
The assignment module is used for according to the early warning intensity grade and the early warning intensity grade threshold value to the criterion
The relative importance that index is compared two-by-two in layer carries out assignment, and compares two-by-two to the index factor under each index opposite
Importance carries out assignment；
The assignment for generating judgment matrix module and being used for the relative importance that basis compares index in rule layer two-by-two
The judgment matrix of rule layer is constructed, the assignment building for the relative importance compared two-by-two according to the index factor under each index refers to
Mark the judgment matrix because of sublayer；
The inspection module is used to calculate separately the maximum eigenvalue λ of each judgment matrixmax；
Consistency check is carried out according to the following formula to the judgment matrix；
Wherein, C.I. is the relative importance of two index factors, and n is the order of weight matrix；
Correction value R.I. is introduced, C.I. is modified using following formula:
As C.R < 0.10, the judgment matrix meets consistency check, the weight sets W after being examinedm。
In conjunction with second aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides the first possible embodiments of second aspect, wherein institute
The alert grade division module of warning index is stated to be used for:
Alert grade is divided for warning index described in each, and determines each warning index in every kind of warning index
Threshold range under alert grade；
Each of according to every piece of sample the warning index value determines threshold range locating for the warning index value, thus
Each of with judging every piece of sample police's grade of the warning index.
The embodiment of the present invention brings following the utility model has the advantages that the present invention selectes the warning index on sample ground first, with acquiring sample
Sample and each warning index value for measuring sample ground, divide police's grade of warning index, to obtain the crucial warning index on sample ground；
Secondly, building pre-warning indexes system, carries out consistency check to the weight of the warning index of imparting, obtains weight sets, construct mould
Object element analysis is pasted, comprehensive degree of prosperity index is calculated by weight sets and fuzzy matter element matrix, comprehensive degree of prosperity index is warned
Grade divides, to construct grassland ecology Early-warning Model；Finally, calculating the synthesis degree of prosperity index on every piece of sample ground, every piece of sample is determined
Warning level locating for ground；Obtained crucial warning index and warning level can objective appraisal meadow situation comprehensively, reflection
The trend of meadow forward direction or reversal evolvement, realizes the ecology language to meadow, and the trend of reflection meadow forward direction or reversal evolvement refers to
Show the change direction on the following meadow, is provided safeguard to carry out targetedly health control to meadow.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will illustrate in the following description, also, partly become from specification
It obtains it is clear that understand through the implementation of the invention.The objectives and other advantages of the invention are in specification, claims
And specifically noted structure is achieved and obtained in attached drawing.
To enable the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention to be clearer and more comprehensible, preferred embodiment is cited below particularly, and cooperate
Appended attached drawing, is described in detail below.
Detailed description of the invention
It, below will be to specific in order to illustrate more clearly of the specific embodiment of the invention or technical solution in the prior art
Embodiment or attached drawing needed to be used in the description of the prior art be briefly described, it should be apparent that, it is described below
Attached drawing is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, before not making the creative labor
It puts, is also possible to obtain other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram for the grassland ecology method for early warning that the embodiment of the present invention one provides；
Fig. 2 is the system principle schematic diagram of grassland ecology prior-warning device provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is that the present invention implements the 2014 Qinghais province state a Huang Nan difference Community Ecology Grassland early warning result provided；
Fig. 4 is the system principle schematic diagram for the pre-warning indexes system that the embodiment of the present invention one provides.
Icon:
10- index choosing module；20- sampling module；30- warning index warns grade division module；40- weight determination module；
50- boom value computing module；60- warning level division module；70- warning level judgment module.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing to the present invention
Technical solution be clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than
Whole embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making creative work premise
Under every other embodiment obtained, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
At present in Qinghai-Tibet Platean, since altitude environment is severe, the Alpine Grasslands ecosystem is especially sensitive to interfering.Especially
In recent years, due to climate warming and overgrazing, Alpine Grasslands ecosystem function has shown that the reduction of Grass cover rate, raw
The degeneration sign of object amount decline.With the intensive utilization to meadow, grassland degeneration is serious.In this case, not yet establishing has
The grassland ecology early warning system of effect.Based on this, a kind of grassland ecology method for early warning and device provided in an embodiment of the present invention can
To meadow healthy early warning, thoroughly evaluating meadow situation, the trend of reflection meadow forward direction or reversal evolvement.
For convenient for understanding the present embodiment, first to the pre- police of a kind of grassland ecology disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention
Method describes in detail.
Embodiment one:
The present embodiment is that Huang Nanzhou Alpine Grasslands in Qinghai Province carry out ecology language, referring to Fig.1, meadow provided in this embodiment
Ecology language method, comprising:
Step S100: according to the pre-alarming system influence factor of most critical, in conjunction with the ecosystem carrying capacity of Alpine Grasslands, base area
Shape, Grazing system, grassland types, vegetation state and soil regime select 10~20 warning indexs to different samples.
Step S200: to sample carrying out sample acquisition, and measures the warning index value of each warning index of sample.
Step S300: determining police's grade of each warning index on every piece of sample ground according to warning index value, to obtain sample ground
Crucial warning index.Include the following steps:
Step S301: alert grade is divided for each warning index, and determines that each warning index is alert in every kind of warning index
Threshold range under grade.Table 1 is the alert grade of warning index of the present embodiment, is divided into no police, light alert, middle police, again alert and huge police, table 1
Give threshold range of the determining each warning index under the alert grade of every kind of warning index.
1 Index grading standard of table
Step S302: determining threshold range locating for warning index value according to each warning index value on every piece of sample ground, from
And judge police's grade of each warning index on every piece of sample ground.
Step S400: pre-warning indexes system is constructed using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) according to warning index, is assigned for each warning index
Weight is given, consistency check is carried out to warning index weight, determines the weight sets W of warning indexm.Include the following steps:
Step S401: it includes grass that pre-warning indexes system, which is divided into destination layer A, rule layer B and index factor layer C, rule layer C,
Geology figureofmerit B1, habitat index B2With ecosystem carrying capacity index B3, using warning index as index factor layer.The early warning of building
Index system referring to fig. 4, using Alpine Grasslands ecology language A as destination layer.Grassland Quality index B1Including bald spot ratio C1, grass
Skin thickness C2, ground biomass, C3Vegetation cover degree C41, sociales height C5With Plant Diversity C6.Habitat index includes soil
Full carbon C7, soil available phosphorus C8, total soil nitrogen C9, soil available nitrogen C10, soil moisture C11With soil gradient C12, ecosystem carrying capacity
Index includes grazing intensity C13, herbage output value C14With dominant grass ratio C15。
Step S402: carrying out the division of early warning intensity grade to each element in pre-warning indexes system, determine judgment criterion,
Early warning intensity grade threshold value, the i.e. importance that two factors are compared are set.Early warning intensity grade include it is of equal importance, slightly important,
Obvious important, much more significant and absolutely essential.Wherein, threshold value of equal importance is 1~2, slightly important threshold value is 2~4, bright
The threshold value for showing important is 4~6, the threshold value of much more significant is 6~8, and absolutely essential threshold value is 8~9.
It should be noted that in the specific implementation, early warning intensity grade threshold value is not limited to above range, it can also be other
Threshold range.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, threshold value of equal importance is 1, slightly important threshold value is 3, obvious important threshold
Value is 5, and the threshold value of much more significant is 7, and absolutely essential threshold value is 9.When the importance that two factors are compared be in above-mentioned threshold value it
Between when, then select respectively 2,4,6 or 8 as threshold value.
Step S403: the phase that index in rule layer is compared two-by-two according to early warning intensity grade and early warning intensity grade threshold value
Assignment is carried out to importance, and assignment is carried out to the relative importance that the index factor under each index is compared two-by-two.
Step S404: the judgement of rule layer is constructed according to the assignment for the relative importance compared two-by-two to index in rule layer
The assignment of matrix, the relative importance compared two-by-two according to the index factor under each index constructs the judgement square of index factor layer
Battle array.Judgment matrix after building is respectively following formula:
Wherein, A-B is the judgment matrix of rule layer, B1-C、B2- C and B3- C is the judgment matrix of index factor layer.
Step S405: the maximum eigenvalue λ of each judgment matrix is calculated separatelymax；Maximum eigenvalue after calculating is referring to table
2- table 4.
2 B of table1- C judgment matrix
3 B of table2- C judgment matrix
4 B of table3- C judgment matrix
Consistency check is carried out according to the following formula to judgment matrix；
Wherein, C.I. is the relative importance of the two indices factor, and n is the order of weight matrix；
Work as λmax=n, C.I.=0, to be completely the same, C.I. value is bigger, and the crash consistency of judgment matrix is poorer.According to
The dimension of judgment matrix is introduced correction value R.I., is modified using following formula to C.I.:
R.I. value is determined according to order of matrix number, referring to table 5；N value sieve after calculating C.I. value, then in the table of comparisons 4
Select correction value R.I..
5 R.I. value of table
As C.R. < 0.10, judgment matrix meets consistency check, the weight sets W after being examinedm.Table 5 is this implementation
The result of example consistency check.
The weight sets Wm finally obtained includes the weight of index factor layer and the weight of rule layer.
Step S500: warning index fuzzy matter element matrix R is established according to the following formulamn:
In formula, for sample, for sample number, c are warning index to m to M, and n is warning index number, and u is fuzzy matter element value；Wherein,
Warning index is classified as cost type index and profit evaluation model index, is calculated according to cost type index formula and profit evaluation model index formula
Fuzzy matter element value u.
Alpine Grasslands ecology language evaluation index must be based on the vegetation state on meadow and soil regime, in conjunction with height
Cold Ecological Carrying Capacity in Grassland, in combination with Alpine Grasslands evaluation on Ecosystem Health index system, multipair Alpine Grasslands of comforming are raw
15 indexs are filtered out in the index that state system has an impact, are respectively: bald spot ratio C1, %；Divot thickness C2, cm；On the ground
Biomass C3, g/m2；Vegetation cover degree C4, %；Sociales height C5, cm；Vegetation diversity C6, kind/0.25m2；The full carbon C of soil7,
g/Kg；Total soil nitrogen C8, g/Kg；Soil available phosphorus C9,；Soil available nitrogen C10,；Soil moisture C11, %；Gradient C12, °；It herds
Intensity C13, sheep unit/hm2Year；Grass industry C14, member/hm2；Good forage ratio C15, %.Wherein C1、C12、C13For cost type
Index, remaining is profit evaluation model index.
For cost type index, it is calculated as follows:
Without police: Xij=2+2 × (Uij-S4)/S4(Uij< S4),
It is light alert: Xij=4+2 × (UijUij-S3)/(S3-S4)(S4< Uij< S3),
Middle police: Xij=6+2 × (Uij-S4)/(S2-S3)(S3< Uij< S2),
It warns again: Xij=8+2 × (Uij-S1)/(S1-S2)(S2< Uij< S1)
Huge police: Xij=8+2 × (Uij-S1)/S1(S1≤Uij)。
For profit evaluation model index, it is calculated as follows:
Without police: Xij=2+2 × (S1-Uij)/S1(Uij> S1),
It is light alert: Xij=4+2 × (S2-Uij)/(S1-S2)(S2< Uij< S1),
Middle police: Xij=6+2 × (S3-Uij)/(S2-S3)(S3< Uij< S2),
It warns again: Xij=8+2 × (S4-Uij)/(S3-S4)(S4< Uij< S3)
Huge police: Xij=8+2 × (S1-Uij)/S4(S4≤Uij)。
In formula, XijRefer to that the standard of j-th of evaluation index of i-th of evaluation sample obscures magnitude, UijRefer to i-th of evaluation sample
The fuzzy magnitude of this j-th of evaluation index；S1、S2、S3、S4Refer to each warning index in each warning index grade
Under threshold value, referring to table 6.
Police's grade of 6 index factor of table divides
Note: S1> S2> S3> S4。
The fuzzy matter element matrix that 2014 Qinghais save Huang Nanzhou Alpine Grasslands is as follows:
The fuzzy matter element matrix that 2017 Qinghais save Huang Nanzhou Alpine Grasslands is as follows:
Step S600: according to warning index fuzzy matter element matrix RmnWith weight sets WmCalculate comprehensive degree of prosperity index Im,
In, Im=Wm×Rmn=(I1,I2,…,Im)。
According to comprehensive degree of prosperity index ImCarry out warning level division；Warning level is to work as ImIt is no police when less than 2, works as Im
It is light police when between 2~4, works as ImIt is middle police when between 4~6, works as ImAttach most importance to police when between 6~8, works as ImIt is when greater than 8
Huge police.
Step S700: the synthesis degree of prosperity index I on every piece of sample ground is calculatedm, according to comprehensive degree of prosperity index ImObtain every piece of sample
Warning level locating for ground.
Fig. 3 is the result that the 2014 Qinghais province state Huang Nan difference Grassland Communities are carried out with ecology language.In figure, P1: Jin Lu
Plum shrubbery winter range；P2: Elymus nutans meadow winter range；P3: Elymus nutans meadow saeter；P4: k.pygmaea
Meadow saeter；P5: miscellany grass degeneration meadow is without herding；P6: Dasiphora fruticosa shrubs saeter；P7: the vertical fringe of returning husbandry to grassland drapes over one's shoulders
Alkali carelessly herd by nothing；P8: Tibet Kobresia pasture winter range.
The Early-warning Model established by the above method, can make specific aim opinion to meadow.In example, this implementation is to 2014
Year biggish five factors of meadow degree of prosperity exponential effect, total contribution rate to 92%, wherein warning index soil total carbon C7, soil
Earth available potassium C10, grazing intensity C13It is maximum to degree of prosperity exponential effect.
Evaluation of the Early-warning Model of the present embodiment building to meadow alert status, not only goes out from meadow attribute (index factor)
Hair, and from different grassland types and different pasture mode, to 10 in conjunction with 5 kinds of grassland types and 3 kinds of Grazing systems
Carry out to Alpine Cold Ecosystem sample ecology language evaluation, the variation of the indexs such as analysis Grassland Quality, habitat, bearing capacity and meadow
Management and use bring influences issuable influence and response between warning result, and explains corresponding reason.
Example of the present invention has following beneficial aspects:
It (1) can be than more comprehensively carrying out ecology in advance to polymorphic type, more Land use systems, mostly spatiotemporal grassland types
It is alert；
(2) since the object Grassland ecosystems of Alarm Assessment are a fuzzy systems, this research will use fuzzy matter element
Method establishes meadow Early-warning Model, is evaluated meadow early warning, realizes to Alpine Cold Ecosystem ecology language model
Verifying and application；
It (3) can be from different grassland types and different pasture mode, to combining a variety of grassland types and a variety of herd
Ecology language evaluation is carried out to multiple Alpine Cold Ecosystem samples of mode, the indexs such as analysis Grassland Quality, habitat, bearing capacity
Variation and Pasture management and issuable influence and response between result are influenced and warned using bring, and explain corresponding former
Cause；
(4) Early-warning Model constructed, which can be disclosed, influences maximum Main Factors to meadow warning level, helps manager
Targetedly management measure is taken, the sound development on meadow is conducive to.
The present invention helps manager for material elements or refers to from the existing health status in meadow, analyzing influence factor
Mark is managed, and is developed meadow state to the positive succession direction of health, will be played in Grassland ecosystems health control
Important role.
Embodiment 2
Referring to Fig. 2, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of grassland ecology prior-warning device, including the index choosing being sequentially connected
The alert grade division module 30 of module 10, sampling module 20, warning index, weight determination module 40, prosperous value computing module 50, early warning
Partition of the level module 60 and warning level judgment module 70；
Index choosing module 10 is used for according to landform, Grazing system, grassland types, vegetation state and soil regime to difference
Sample select warning index；
Sampling module 20 measures the warning index to each warning index of sample for sample carrying out sample acquisition
Value；
The alert grade division module 30 of warning index is used to determine each warning index on every piece of sample ground according to warning index value
Alert grade, to obtain the crucial warning index on sample ground；
Weight determination module 40 is used to construct pre-warning indexes system using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) according to warning index, is each pre-
Alert index assigns weight, carries out consistency check to warning index weight, determines the weight sets W of warning indexm；
Prosperous value computing module 50 is used to establish warning index fuzzy matter element matrix R according to the following formulamn:
In formula, for sample, for sample number, c are warning index to m to M, and n is warning index number, and u is fuzzy matter element value；According to pre-
Alert index Fuzzy object element analysis RmnWith weight sets WmCalculate comprehensive degree of prosperity index Im, wherein Im=Wm×Rmn=(I1,I2,…,
Im)；
Warning level division module 60 is used for according to comprehensive degree of prosperity index ImCarry out warning level division；
Warning level judgment module 70 is used to calculate the synthesis degree of prosperity index I on every piece of sample groundm, referred to according to the comprehensive degree of prosperity
Number ImObtain warning level locating for every piece of sample ground.
Further, weight determination module includes hierarchical block, grade classification module, threshold module, generates judgment matrix
Module and inspection module；
Hierarchical block is used to pre-warning indexes system being divided into destination layer, rule layer and index factor layer；Rule layer includes grass
Geology figureofmerit, habitat index and ecosystem carrying capacity index；Using warning index as index factor layer；
Grade classification module is used to carry out each element in pre-warning indexes system the division of early warning intensity grade, and setting is pre-
Alert intensity grade threshold value；
Assignment module for comparing index in rule layer according to early warning intensity grade and early warning intensity grade threshold value two-by-two
Relative importance carry out assignment, and the relative importance compared two-by-two to the index factor under each index carries out assignment；
Judgment matrix module is generated to be used to be constructed according to the assignment for the relative importance for comparing index in rule layer two-by-two
The judgment matrix of rule layer, the assignment building index of the relative importance compared two-by-two according to the index factor under each index because
The judgment matrix of sublayer；
Inspection module is used to calculate separately the maximum eigenvalue λ of each judgment matrixmax；
Consistency check is carried out according to the following formula to judgment matrix；
Wherein, C.I. is the relative importance of the two indices factor, and n is the order of weight matrix；
Correction value R.I. is introduced, C.I. is modified using following formula:
As C.R < 0.10, judgment matrix meets consistency check, the weight sets W after being examinedm。
Further, the alert grade division module of warning index is specifically used for:
Alert grade is divided for each warning index, and determines threshold value of each warning index under the alert grade of every kind of warning index
Range；
Threshold range locating for warning index value is determined according to each warning index value on every piece of sample ground, to judge every piece
Police's grade of each warning index on sample ground.
Further, Grassland Quality index includes bald spot ratio, divot thickness, ground biomass, vegetation cover degree, advantage
Kind height and Plant Diversity, habitat index include the full carbon of soil, soil available phosphorus, total soil nitrogen, soil available nitrogen, the soil water
Point and the soil gradient, ecosystem carrying capacity index includes grazing intensity, the herbage output value and dominant grass ratio.
Further, early warning intensity grade includes of equal importance, slightly important, obvious important, much more significant and absolute weight
It wants；Threshold value of equal importance is 1~2, slightly important threshold value is 2~4, obvious important threshold value is 4~6, much more significant
Threshold value is 6~8, and absolutely essential threshold value is 8~9.
Further, according to comprehensive degree of prosperity index ImThe step of carrying out warning level division, comprising:
Work as ImIt is no police when less than 2, works as ImIt is light police when between 2~4, works as ImIt is middle police when between 4~6, works as Im?
Attach most importance to police when between 6~8, works as ImIt is huge police when greater than 8.
The technical effect and preceding method embodiment phase of device provided by the embodiment of the present invention, realization principle and generation
Together, to briefly describe, Installation practice part does not refer to place, can refer to corresponding contents in preceding method embodiment.
Finally, it should be noted that embodiment described above, only a specific embodiment of the invention, to illustrate the present invention
Technical solution, rather than its limitations, scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, although with reference to the foregoing embodiments to this hair
It is bright to be described in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that: anyone skilled in the art
In the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, it can still modify to technical solution documented by previous embodiment or can be light
It is readily conceivable that variation or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；And these modifications, variation or replacement, do not make
The essence of corresponding technical solution is detached from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, should all cover in protection of the invention
Within the scope of.Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of grassland ecology method for early warning characterized by comprising
Warning index is selected to different samples according to landform, Grazing system, grassland types, vegetation state and soil regime；
Sample acquisition to the sample is carried out, and measures the warning index value of each warning index of the sample；
According to police's grade of each of with the determining every piece of sample warning index of the warning index value, to obtain the pass on the sample ground
Key warning index；
Pre-warning indexes system is constructed using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) according to the warning index, assigns weight for each warning index, it is right
The warning index weight carries out consistency check, determines the weight sets W of warning indexm；
Warning index fuzzy matter element matrix R is established according to the following formulamn:
In formula, for sample, for sample number, c are warning index to m to M, and n is warning index number, and u is fuzzy matter element value；According to described pre-
Alert index Fuzzy object element analysis RmnWith the weight sets WmCalculate comprehensive degree of prosperity index Im, wherein Im=Wm×Rmn=(I1,
I2,…,Im)；
According to the comprehensive degree of prosperity index ImCarry out warning level division；
Calculate the synthesis degree of prosperity index I on every piece of sample groundm, according to the comprehensive degree of prosperity index ImIt obtains locating for every piece of sample ground
Warning level.
2. grassland ecology method for early warning according to claim 1, which is characterized in that use level according to the warning index
Analytic approach constructs pre-warning indexes system, assigns weight for each warning index, carries out consistency inspection to the warning index weight
It tests, determines the weight sets W of warning indexmThe step of, comprising:
The pre-warning indexes system is divided into destination layer, rule layer and index factor layer；The rule layer includes that Grassland Quality refers to
Mark, habitat index and ecosystem carrying capacity index；Using the warning index as the index factor layer；
To each index and index factor progress early warning intensity grade division in the pre-warning indexes system, early warning degree is set
Grade threshold；
According to the early warning intensity grade and the warning grade threshold value, index in the rule layer is compared two-by-two relatively heavy
The property wanted carries out assignment, and carries out to the relative importance that each index factor under each index in index factor layer is compared two-by-two
Assignment；
The judgment matrix that rule layer is constructed according to the assignment for the relative importance compared two-by-two to index in rule layer, according to each
The judgment matrix of the assignment building index factor layer for the relative importance that index factor under index is compared two-by-two；
Calculate separately the maximum eigenvalue λ of each judgment matrixmax；
Consistency check is carried out according to the following formula to the judgment matrix；
Wherein, C.I. is the relative importance of two index factors, and n is the order of weight matrix；
Correction value R.I. is introduced, C.I. is modified using following formula:
As C.R < 0.10, the judgment matrix meets consistency check, the weight sets W after being examinedm。
3. grassland ecology method for early warning according to claim 1, which is characterized in that determined according to the warning index value every
Block sample each of police's grade of the warning index the step of, comprising:
Alert grade is divided for warning index described in each, and determines each warning index in the alert grade of every kind of warning index
Under threshold range；
Each of according to every piece of sample the warning index value determines threshold range locating for the warning index value, to judge
Every piece of sample each of the warning index police's grade.
4. grassland ecology method for early warning according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the Grassland Quality index includes bald spot
Ratio, divot thickness, ground biomass, vegetation cover degree, sociales height and Plant Diversity, the habitat index include soil
The full carbon of earth, soil available phosphorus, total soil nitrogen, soil available nitrogen, soil moisture and the soil gradient, the ecosystem carrying capacity index packet
Include grazing intensity, the herbage output value and dominant grass ratio.
5. grassland ecology method for early warning according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the early warning intensity grade includes same
Important, slightly important, obvious important, much more significant and absolutely essential；The threshold value of equal importance is 1~2, described slightly heavy
The threshold value wanted is 2~4, the obvious important threshold value is 4~6, the threshold value of the much more significant is 6~8, described absolutely essential
Threshold value be 8~9.
6. grassland ecology method for early warning according to claim 1, which is characterized in that according to the comprehensive degree of prosperity index Im
The step of carrying out warning level division, comprising:
Work as ImIt is no police when less than 2, works as ImIt is light police when between 2~4, works as ImIt is middle police when between 4~6, works as Im6~8
Between when attach most importance to police, work as ImIt is huge police when greater than 8.
7. grassland ecology method for early warning according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the method also includes:
Warning index is classified as cost type index and profit evaluation model index；
Fuzzy matter element value u is calculated according to cost type index formula and profit evaluation model index formula.
8. a kind of grassland ecology prior-warning device, which is characterized in that including the index choosing module, sampling module, pre- being sequentially connected
Alert index police grade division module, weight determination module, prosperous value computing module, warning level division module and warning level judgement
Module；
The index choosing module is used for according to landform, Grazing system, grassland types, vegetation state and soil regime to different
Select warning index to sample；
The sampling module is measured for the sample carrying out sample acquisition to the pre- of each warning index of the sample
Alert index value；
The alert grade division module of the warning index is used for according to the warning index value each of with the determining every piece of sample early warning
Police's grade of index, to obtain the crucial warning index on the sample ground；
The weight determination module is used to construct pre-warning indexes system using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) according to the warning index, is each
Warning index assigns weight, carries out consistency check to the warning index weight, determines the weight sets W of warning indexm；
The boom value computing module for establishing warning index fuzzy matter element matrix R according to the following formulamn:
In formula, for sample, for sample number, c are warning index to m to M, and n is warning index number, and u is fuzzy matter element value；According to described pre-
Alert index Fuzzy object element analysis RmnWith the weight sets WmCalculate comprehensive degree of prosperity index Im, wherein Im=Wm×Rmn=(I1,
I2,…,Im)；
The warning level division module is used for according to the comprehensive degree of prosperity index ImCarry out warning level division；
The warning level judgment module is used to calculate the synthesis degree of prosperity index I on every piece of sample groundm, according to the comprehensive degree of prosperity
Index ImObtain warning level locating for every piece of sample ground.
9. grassland ecology prior-warning device according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the weight determination module includes layering
Module, threshold module, generates judgment matrix module and inspection module at grade classification module；
The hierarchical block is used to the pre-warning indexes system being divided into destination layer, rule layer and index factor layer；The criterion
Layer includes Grassland Quality index, habitat index and ecosystem carrying capacity index；Using the warning index as the index factor layer；
The grade classification module is used to carry out the division of early warning intensity grade to each element in the pre-warning indexes system, if
Set early warning intensity grade threshold value；
The assignment module is used for according to the early warning intensity grade and the early warning intensity grade threshold value in the rule layer
The relative importance that index is compared two-by-two carries out assignment, and compares two-by-two to the index factor under each index relatively important
Property carry out assignment；
The judgment matrix module that generates is used to be constructed according to the assignment for the relative importance for comparing index in rule layer two-by-two
The judgment matrix of rule layer, the assignment building index of the relative importance compared two-by-two according to the index factor under each index because
The judgment matrix of sublayer；
The inspection module is used to calculate separately the maximum eigenvalue λ of each judgment matrixmax；
Consistency check is carried out according to the following formula to the judgment matrix；
Wherein, C.I. is the relative importance of two index factors, and n is the order of weight matrix；
Correction value R.I. is introduced, C.I. is modified using following formula:
As C.R < 0.10, the judgment matrix meets consistency check, the weight sets W after being examinedm。
10. grassland ecology prior-warning device according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the alert grade of the warning index divides mould
Block is used for:
Alert grade is divided for warning index described in each, and determines each warning index in the alert grade of every kind of warning index
Under threshold range；
Each of according to every piece of sample the warning index value determines threshold range locating for the warning index value, to judge
Every piece of sample each of the warning index police's grade.
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