CN1094450A - Methods for alloy migration sintering - Google Patents
Methods for alloy migration sintering Download PDFInfo
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- CN1094450A CN1094450A CN 93104816 CN93104816A CN1094450A CN 1094450 A CN1094450 A CN 1094450A CN 93104816 CN93104816 CN 93104816 CN 93104816 A CN93104816 A CN 93104816A CN 1094450 A CN1094450 A CN 1094450A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the not sintered material of a kind of usefulness and make the method for sintered state solid material.Utilize the character of this eutectic alloy, will desire agglomerating dispersive fragment, place and want the agglomerating position, be heated then, make alloying additive diffuse into the particle of agglomerated material.Further heating then, under eutectic, spreading area local melting, adjacent particle begin shared local melting district and moistening mutually.Alloying additive continues diffusion, and its density loss, and the melting area is solidified again.Like this, melting point of melting zone raises again, and moistening melting area is solidified, thereby forms sintered solid material.
Description
The present invention relates to methods for alloy migration sintering,, can make sintered solid material by not sintered solids component is combined with suitable alloying additive top coat.Method provided by the invention can be made various solid materials that can not agglomerated material, and is not limited only to the electrode of battery.
The fusion of eutectic composition (fusion) is well-known phenomenon.The fused meaning is generally identical with fusing.The fusion of eutectic composition is meant a kind of like this phenomenon, that is: the binding substances of two kinds of materials is melting under the specified temp of these two kinds of materials melting temperature separately.Like this, along with the adding of second kind of material, the fusing point of first kind of material descends, up to reaching alleged eutectoid point (entectic meltins point).Eutectoid point is the minimum temperature of fusion of specific composition.After eutectoid point was formed, because the continuation of second kind of component adds, the ratio of two components increased, and the fusing point of alloy rises again.Composition when minimum melting temperature occurring is referred to as the eutectic composition, and the said composition composition is represented with two percentages of ingredients or by the per-cent of alloying material.
The present invention has mainly used typical and well-known eutectic composition.Employed eutectic composition is: 37% plumbous and 63% tin, its eutectoid point is 361 °F.
But,, have many other elements and material can make the eutectic composition by adding suitable alloying additive.These materials comprise a large amount of ferrous metal materials, for example: nickel-vanadium steel, refractory materials, some pottery or the like.
Because a kind of material combines the fusing point that the eutectoid point of the eutectic composition that forms is lower than described material or alloying additive with another kind of alloying additive.Therefore, when the composition that contains a kind of material and alloying additive heats up, it will at first arrive the eutectoid point of the composition of these two kinds of materials, and this mixture begins fusing.When mixture melt, it at first becomes wetting, just forms the fluid of a certain amount of eutectic composition then.This phenomenon is to need especially to understand and be familiar with in the present invention.The present invention utilizes this phenomenon in the beyond thought mode of a kind of people, under correct controllable condition, make it mainly is material and a spot of another kind of material or the element of first kind of material or element, this material or element are that the alloying additive of first kind of material comes together to make solids composition.
The present invention be directed to such situation, promptly wish to make the sintered state solid material of this material with general not sintered material.Solid material by agglomerated material makes generally all is highly brittle, and high crack degree and high effective surface area are arranged, and these characteristics are very useful for this use occasion of the negative pole that resembles lead-acid cell.As its active ingredient, certainly, the anodal plumbous oxide of using is as its active ingredient with element lead for the negative pole of lead-acid cell, and interelectrode galvanic couple places the effect of acidic electrolyte bath competence exertion.
Other purposes of the present invention also can be at any following occasion, that is: form an eutectic composition by a kind of material and a kind of alloying additive, liquid that forms during eutectoid point and the moistening eutectic mixture that obtains thus can be used for making adjacent zone moistening or fusing to be together with each other.Because this character of eutectic composition, so if safeguarding the humid area of eutectic composition and the temperature of melting area keeps a little more than eutectoid point, then alloying additive will be proceeded to the diffusion of material.Along with the minimizing of alloying additive in the melting area, the ratio of alloying additive and first kind of material changes.This makes the fusing point of composition of this ratio raise, and this composition is begun: " freezing " or " solidifying again ", because temperature at this moment has been lower than its fusing point.Certainly, we know, " freezing " herein and " solidifying again " be meant such composition, with respect to room temperature, they have very high fusing point.
Utilize the phenomenon of above-mentioned discussion in any case, all can provide a kind of approach,, can make surface treatment, surface-welding, surface connect (also crying sealing-in) and succeed in certain occasion by this approach.
Like this, the present invention can provide the sintered state solid material, though it is crisp, can support voluntarily, and more generally, the present invention can provide a kind of sintered solid material, and it can be bonded on some bracing members.In fact, the present invention can be used for such occasion, that is: sintered solid material forms in the space of a bounded (bounded volume), so that two surfaces stretching in this space link together.Typical example be in the induction of tinker barrier, make two relatively the two sides of surface or wire rod bond together by suitable binder.
In fact, be easy to expect that alloying additive is those not doping agents of sintered material under certain conditions.And also can become the correction thing of material property at the doping improved performance as suppressing dendrite (dendrite suppression).Alloying additive can be used as the correction thing of alloy melting point really, makes the moistening and melting point of melting zone change of alloy.Like this, can obtain by following the present invention by the production method that originally can not agglomerated material obtains the solid-state material of sintered state.Refractory materials, as extremely available this method of target that is used in the X-ray tube is produced.The known this target utmost point is not sintered, and adds a small amount of additive, can promote the production of X-ray tube and harmless.
Reference implementation several exemplary embodiments of the present invention, positive present invention is described.
In the production of lead-acid cell plate, particularly in the production of negative plate.Wish to obtain the porous hardware, can obtain high effective plate surface-area like this, thereby have more area to be exposed in the ionogen.Certainly, under all situations, wishing has a specific solid-void distribution, makes pore size effective especially.These problems are not within scope involved in the present invention.By the present invention, for the selection of suitable granular size, the selection of the solid material that produce and the ratio of its alloying additive can make that all the result can be repeated but undoubtedly.Particularly under the situation of the negative pole of the plumbous lead-acid cell that forms, can obtain the solid and the high ratio of hole that suit very much by simple substance.
Certainly, the many materials outside the deleading all can be used for implementing the present invention, set forth but the present invention is the plumbous active coating of the negative plate by lead-acid cell.
Many materials such as lead, its porous metal matrix be difficult for to obtain, because this class material easy-sintering not.For example, well-knownly be, be lower than fusing point very on a large scale in, lead has thermoplasticity, so carry out sintering if pressurize to lead powder, then this blank can subside.Certainly, this is not meant the fusing at lead powder end, because what obtain after its fusing is plumbous solid solid, lead is not sintered basically thus.
If the same as production process, plumbous particle is placed mould, then when being lower than plumbous fusing point,, intergranular unborn hole is filled or reduces size because plumbous viscous deformation is subsided powder.
Yet if single lead powder particle surface is coated with the plumbous relatively particulate diameter of one deck, very little or extremely thin alloying additive as tin, when temperature raises, will form a low eutectic solder that contains the fusing of 63% tin and 37% lead.Produce an eutectic surface by diffusion, it has less relatively melted surface volume, and in eutectoid point with in the eutectic composition, it contains an amount of lead and tin automatically.Like this, if cated particle is brought together then heating-certainly, thermal source from outside the cated particle so that they be exposed under the thermal source-like this, in coating particles, will form a temperature or thermal gradient.The energy of input causes that slicker solder eutectic composition undergoes phase transition, and when transformation temperature, owing to contain the melting heat of the phase change layer of eutectic composition, makes the temperature maintenance of liquid phase constant.Continue heating, the then variation that only can produce temperature rising speed, owing to just take place to continue fusing, so the rising speed of temperature is very little, and the system that contains the eutectic composition of plumbous and tin such as is in basically at temperature state.At this moment, diffusion is proceeded, and eutectic composition layer thickening runs out of until tin.
When diffusion was proceeded, melted surface began and ever-increasing plumbous the mixing, when lead content reaches eutectic composition 37%, caused whole slicker solder eutectic composition face fusing.At this moment, because the mutual mixing of adjacent moistening diffusion zone, and make moistening and bonding takes place between particle.
Yet, when further diffusion takes place, just having reduced the content of top layer tin, this raises the fusing point of local humid area.The phenomenon of solidifying or freezing can take place subsequently.
By the control heat-up rate, above the temperature of eutectoid point and holding time on eutectoid point, the speed of controlled temperature decline subsequently then can be controlled the concentration distribution in the sintering solid material that makes.
Can obtain the lead base body or the member of a sintered state according to above-mentioned steps, it has expensive eutectic alloy additive is the optimum distribution of tin, and production cost can be reduced to minimum like this.In addition, tin is useful in the enrichment on surface to the effect of lead-acid cell, and the enrichment of tin on the surface need not consume a large amount of tin just can be controlled.
Use the present invention, by can not making sintered solid material by agglomerated material, the present invention also can use other on-granulated material, for example aforesaid plumbous particle that applies with tin.In fact, in wideer scope, the present invention can use can not agglomerated material the dispersive fragment, these dispersive fragments must be coated with in advance with suitable eutectic alloy additive.
These dispersive fragments can be can not agglomerated material particle.But, they also can be can not agglomerated material fiber or line segment sheet, and these fibers and line segment sheet can be cut into the fragment of fiber or lead, broken line segment, thin slice, broken dish etc.For example, not sintered wire rod such as titanium can be coated with extremely thin niobium layer, and the nickel-vanadium steel wire rod then can be coated with thin layer nickel, then cated wire rod are chopped into short and tiny fragment.Another practice is, can earlier wire rod be made into net, then, can be with it broken or pressurization the wire rod of coating is pressed together, the sub-thread wire rod is intersected mutually.If use the wire rod of chopping, then both can before chopping, also can after chopping, it be applied with the eutectic alloy additive.In addition, by suitable method, as electroplate, grind, dipping, and dispersive fragment or particle are applied, and no matter not sintered material is the fiber of wire rod fragment, line segment, embrittlement of granular, chopping or extruding zone (extrudede sections) or the like.
The above is the key step of working method of the present invention, can be by the present invention by obtaining sintered solid material by agglomerated material, this can not can utilize alloying additive by agglomerated material, make the diffusion in this material and make the alloy of this material when first temperature of this alloying additive, viscous deformation can not take place by agglomerated material in this under first temperature.This can not also will possess such character by agglomerated material, promptly can not agglomerated material and the melting temperature of the eutectic composition that forms of alloying additive will be under can not the plastic deformation temperatures of agglomerated material, be that it subsides temperature particularly concerning pottery, be below the structural failure temperature at it.Basic skills of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(a) be coated with thin layer on can not the dispersive fragment of agglomerated material with alloying additive;
(b) this dispersive fragment is placed certain position-as a finite space or support element-make cated particle at this sintering, to form sintered solid material;
(c) this dispersive fragment is exposed in the thermal source, at least make coating and just in time under described alloying additive coating the zone those dispersive fragments slowly be warming up to first temperature, under this first temperature, viscous deformation-the temperature of subsiding-alloying additive is spread in not sintered material can not agglomerated material will take place in lower floor, make between coating and not sintered material, to form the spreading area that forming can not agglomerated material and the eutectic composition of alloying additive in the spreading area;
(d) after this, supply with enough heats to the dispersive fragment of sintered material not again, at least make the temperature of those dispersive fragments in the diffusion zone arrive second temperature-a little more than eutectoid point, make thus local melting takes place, the spreading area thickening, on the surface that disperses fragment, form melted surface, this melted surface contains isothermal eutectic composition basically, by melting heat and the heat absorption when further thickening make surface temperature keep stable, at this moment the shared melting area of adjacent particle, thus moistening mutually;
(e) it is constant basically to keep second temperature, make alloying additive continue diffusion, the concentration of the alloying additive of melted surface is reduced, its fusing point rises, thereby the surface of fusing is solidified again again, condensed again in moistening melting range, can not be coupled to each other between the adjacent dispersive fragment of agglomerated material, obtain thus can not agglomerated material the agglomerating solid material;
(f) after this, the sintering solid material that makes is shifted out thermal source, or with thermal source away from this agglomerating solid material, so that the agglomerating solid material is cooled off.
A special advantage of the present invention is, described can not agglomerated material can the selection from be made up of following material one group: lead, ferrous metal, iron class alloy, not sintered stupalith, not sintered refractory materials, nickel-vanadium steel and lead-calcium alloy.
Yet also be not limited only to this, the present invention is specially adapted to lead, ferrous metal and alloy nickel-vanadium steel, lead-calcium alloy, cobalt and titanium base alloy, and the suitable alloying additive that forms eutectic alloy is tin, calcium, nickel, silver, niobium, gold and rare earth metal.Have suitable and the suitable pottery of alloying additive and the not sintered pottery and the refractory materials of refractory materials again, be specially adapted to high energy ripple conductor or space vehicle and enter atmospheric thermoshield again, anode of X-ray tube and velocity modulation electron tube or the like all belongs in the scope of manufacture method of the present invention.
Certainly, when can not agglomerated material being plumbous, during for example as the cell panel in the plumbic acid electrode, alloying additive be generally tin.But this lead calcic or antimony additive, but the eutectoid point of the eutectic composition of this alloy that contains tin will be lower than tin or plumbous fusing point.
In some occasions, ion that can not agglomerated material can be injected in the matrix by surface treatment.Such surface treatment method has ion bombardment, plasma spraying, plating, pressurization to apply and flame plating, and the ion implantation surface of sintering is local at least or whole then.Then, if any, remaining dispersive fragment or particle and first part one are used from the manufacturing sintered solid material.Therefore, alloy migration technology of the present invention.In certain agglomerating system, by suitable surface treatment, can be used for bonding other can not agglomerated material surface and body.
In general, at first carry out step (b) during production, at least a portion dispersive fragment or particle that soon can not agglomerated material place on the matrix, with this part can not agglomerated material cated dispersion fragment or particle and matrix heat bonding, and then put remaining can not agglomerated material.At this moment first sintered layer contains extra alloying additive coating or coating.Further, heat bonding can be that pressurization is bonding because when near the temperature of the plastic flow of material following in limited time, " cold flow " of many materials becomes more effective.
For example, if desired, surface or the terminal welding that two of wire rod are faced or couple together at sintering with produce in the process of solid-state material, forms a suitable interface, with contain can not agglomerated material coating dispersive fragment or particle arranged.By this interface the surface or the two ends of two vicinities of wire rod are welded effectively.Like this, the preparation appropriate materials is highly effective as the tinker barrier of sinterable ceramic (a tinker ' s dam) not, cated dispersive fragment that can not agglomerated material is placed by repairing the body that barrier is separated, can implement step of the present invention.
Carry out the surface treatment as plasma spraying so earlier, and then carry out alloy migration sintering technology of the present invention, can form between the particle between this surface one that have a may command gradient thereby have expect the fractionated weld of particular type of character.
By suitable measurement means, dispersion fragment or particulate coat-thickness that can not agglomerated material, the add-on of the alloying additive that contains in the sintered state solid material of being produced can obtain strict control, as in lead/tin system, can obtain eutectic composition is 63% tin and 37% lead, and eutectoid point is 361 a plumber's solder.In the integral sintered attitude solid material of being produced, tin and plumbous final ratio should be controlled to be 1: 10 to 1: 1000, even are 1: 1000, and 000.The degree of depth of control surface coating makes alloying additive that high relatively concentration be arranged on the surface.Like this, using expensive tin is highly effective to lead as the alloy migration sinter additives.Because the consumption of tin seldom, though obtained sintered solid material, production cost does not meanwhile have obvious increase.In fact, the surperficial content of tin is enough high, is enough to the starting point and suppresses dendrite.
In fact, the present invention also can be used for other occasion except that being used for by preparing the sintered solid material by agglomerated material.For example, by suitable surface-coated, make a kind of metal sticking that can form eutectic alloy with alloying additive, with plating or other method alloying additive is placed on the surface treated then, bonding metal is spread to matrix, also can produce same " housing sclerosis " (case hardering) effect (for example, housing applies (case coating)) on the body material of Metal and Alloy additive formation eutectic composition.
Furtherly, if metallic substance has carbon enhanced fiber, also can use the principle of this invention.Carbon fiber can be selected from graphite, polymer and graphite and carbon, and metal is necessary can be by ion implantation in matrix, and matrix refers to carbon fiber herein.Metal must can form eutectic alloy with a kind of alloying additive.
In this occasion, metal with thin layer form through ion implantation in carbon fiber surface, alloying additive is forming coating (for example using electric plating method) on ion implantation metal then.The carbon fiber of handling like this forms the metallic substance that will produce with metal dispersive fragment.An example is that the carbon fiber of handling must be cut into segment, mixes the metallic substance of the as cast condition that obtains with the dispersive fragment or the particle of many metal then.A special case of this respect is with carbon fiber enhanced casting lead electrode.Like this, the metallic substance of formation is porous both, also solid-state (atresia).
Then, the common step of producing is with at the metal on the carbon fiber substrate, alloying additive be exposed in the thermal source simultaneously through ion implantation metal, make its temperature slowly rise to first temperature, alloying additive diffused into through ion implantation metal and was enclosed in carbon fiber metal on every side and disperses in the composition granule this moment, was forming diffusion layer through ion implantation metal and metal dispersive fragment with alloying additive or particulate intersection.In the spreading area, form the eutectic composition of metal and alloying additive.Then, being provided with enough heats to system again makes the temperature of diffusion layer arrive second temperature-a little more than eutectoid point.At this moment diffusion layer fusing forms the melting area, and the melting area consists essentially of isothermal eutectic composition.Like this, Lin Jin metal dispersive fragment or the metal through ion implantation on particle and the carbon fiber begin shared partial melting area and moistening mutually.
As mentioned above, keeping second temperature then remains unchanged, make alloying additive continue to diffuse on metal dispersive fragment and the carbon fiber in ion implantation metal, reduced the concentration of melting area alloying additive, thereby improved its fusing point, because this moment, it was an eutectic mixture no longer.Like this, solidify again the melting area, has promptly obtained the carbon fiber reinforced metal construction.
Metal can be by ion implantation in carbon fiber or on the surface, and its degree of depth can reach 150 atoms, generally is 10～20 atoms, and the thickness on carbon fiber surface or other pending surface is 1～3 atom.Alloying additive is very easy to be plated on the metallic surface.
There is another kind of method can obtain carbon fiber and strengthens structure, require the carbon fiber that breaks apart by chopping is put in the liquid pool of metal, and obtain carbon fiber enhancing structure thus.To the metal in the metal reservoir, fiber surface is coated with the eutectic alloying additive of one deck.In some occasion, fiber itself can from or contain eutectic alloying additive, in some cases, fiber is boryl fiber also, or superalloy fiber such as titanium uranium alloy.
According to step of the present invention, can obtain the structure that two apparent surfaces are coupled together.At this, two relatively the surface be basically " welding " or " brazing " together.Step is same as described above, and promptly a kind of metal is used to connect two surfaces relatively, and its can and an alloying additive form the eutectic composition.As previously mentioned, the eutectic composition of metal and alloying additive must exist, and it must have an eutectoid point, and this temperature is lower than the viscous deformation or damage (the being structure deteriorate) temperature of the material on the surface that will connect.In fact, the surface can be the surface of the conductive polymers of the surface of polymkeric substance, particularly anisotropy or nonuniformity like this.
Here, be that electric plating method-on metal, each apparent surface that this metal has been connected with desire is bonding for bonding each apparent surface's the alloying additive of formation skim then-for example use with the metal that connects metal.The surface can closely get together, and cooperatively interacts.If no matter be all to seem somewhat lack of standardization in first example or after the placement step of the bonding and alloying additive that connects metal, the apparent surface must have perfect cooperation layout.Another way is the powder bed that can use special intermediate particle to apply.
Then, the apparent surface is placed thermal source, metal and alloying additive are slowly heated up to eutectoid point, at this moment alloying additive is diffused in the metal, forms the spreading area.Certainly, the eutectic phenomenon of connection metal and alloying additive takes place in the spreading area.Then, as previously mentioned, metal and alloying additive apparent surface are exposed in enough thermal environments, make the spreading area reach second temperature at least a little more than eutectoid point.Like this, the spreading area local melting forms the melting area that consists essentially of isothermal eutectic composition, and the apparent surface begins shared local melting district, and moistening mutually.Then, keep second temperature constant substantially, alloying additive continues to the connection metal diffusing as a result, thereby has reduced the concentration of melting area alloying additive, and has improved temperature of fusion.As mentioned above, this causes the melting range refuse.Like this, the apparent surface is connected to each other together, and for good and all links together.Then, permanent surface and the thermal source that connects is moved away from each other, and the one-piece construction that is formed by the surface of permanent connection is cooled off.
Used metal can be selected from lead, ferrous metal, iron containing alloy, pottery, refractory materials, nickel-vanadium steel, lead-calcium alloy, lead antimony alloy, cobalt base alloy and titanium base alloy.Alloying additive can be selected from tin, calcium, nickel, silver, niobium, gold and rare earth metal.
Can be on the surface that desire is connected by surface-coated steps such as for example ion bombardment, plasma spraying, plating, pressure coating and flame platings with metal bonding.Have been noted that if metal is placed each apparent surface with ion injection method, its degree of depth can reach 150 atoms, generally be in the scope of 10 to 20 atoms, thickness from the teeth outwards can reach 1～3 atom, then alloying additive is electroplated on ion implantation metal.
Itself forms eutectic mixture with eutectic alloying additive the surface that desire connects, and very clearly is necessary to put on matching surface the eutectic alloy additive, is put together in two surfaces, heats then and impregnation steps.According to step of the present invention, make facing surfaces obtain eutectic " connection " i.e. " welding ".Characteristics of the present invention are applicable to and contain iron surface and analogue thereof.
Claims (35)
1, a kind of by method that can not agglomerated material production sintered state solid material, require this not sintered material and a kind of alloying additive to form a kind of alloy, and alloying additive diffuses into can not agglomerated material, everything occur in be lower than can not agglomerated material first temperature be plastic deformation temperatures, further require this can not agglomerated material and the alloying additive fusing point that forms the eutectic composition to be lower than can not agglomerated material the plastic deformation temperatures district, the step that present method comprises is:
(a) with described dispersive fragment that can not agglomerated material coated with the thin layer of described alloy;
(b) described dispersive fragment is placed certain position, make its at this sintering to form sintered solid material;
(c) the dispersive fragment is placed a thermal source, at least make coating and just in time under described alloying additive coating the zone those dispersive fragments slowly be warming up to first temperature, make alloying additive to dispersive fragment diffusion that can not agglomerated material, thereby, in described spreading area described alloying additive and eutectic composition that can not agglomerated material in described coating and can not form diffusion layer on the interface of agglomerated material;
(d) then, supply with enough heats to described cated dispersive fragment that can not agglomerated material, at least make the temperature of those dispersive fragments that diffusion zone is interior arrive second temperature--a little more than eutectoid point, make local melting, the spreading area thickening, thereby form melted surface on the dispersive fragment, this melted surface contains isothermal eutectic composition, and adjacent dispersive fragment begins shared local melting district and moistening mutually;
(e) keeping described second temperature remains unchanged, thereby make alloying additive continue the alloying additive concentration that diffusion has reduced melted surface, fusing point is further risen, cause melted surface to be solidified again, make described can not agglomerated material adjacent dispersive fragment mutually bonding, thereby obtain sintered solid material;
(f) last, the sintered state solid material is shifted out described thermal source, make it cooling.
2, in accordance with the method for claim 1, coated dispersive fragment comprises particle, powder, the fiber of described sheet, dish that can not agglomerated material, the section sheet of line.
3, in accordance with the method for claim 1, coated dispersive fragment can be can not the agglomerated material wire rod one section, it must apply or electroplate the alloying additive of the above in advance, then it is put in the screen cloth, press together, making at least, the described wire rod of sub-thread intersects mutually.
4, in accordance with the method for claim 1, described coated dispersive fragment can be can not the agglomerated material wire rod, and it must apply or electroplate described alloying additive in advance, and then is cut into or is chopped to small pieces.
5, in accordance with the method for claim 2, can not be selected from lead, ferrous metal, iron containing alloy, pottery, refractory materials by agglomerated material, nickel-vanadium steel, lead-calcium alloy, lead antimony alloy, cobalt base alloy and titanium base alloy.
6, in accordance with the method for claim 5, described alloying additive is selected from tin, calcium, nickel, silver, niobium, gold and rare earth metal.
7, in accordance with the method for claim 1, described coated dispersive fragment is a lead button, and alloying additive is a tin.
8, in accordance with the method for claim 5, the dispersive fragment at least a portion and the body material heat bonding of described coating that can not agglomerated material, this is the first part of step (b), in step (b), then the described not sintered material with residual content is used to make described sintering solid material.
9, in accordance with the method for claim 5, have a part and body material heat bonding in the dispersive fragment thing of described coating that can not agglomerated material at least, this is the first part of step (b), then a spot of described alloying additive is placed on the dispersive fragment.
10, in accordance with the method for claim 5, described can not have at least a part and matrix hot pressing bonding in the coating dispersion thing of agglomerated material, this is the first part of step (b), and then the described not sintered material with residual content is used to make described sintering solid material.
11, in accordance with the method for claim 8, the dispersive fragment of described coating is a lead button, and alloying additive is a tin.
12, according to the method for claim 10, the dispersive fragment of described coating is a lead button, and alloying additive is a tin.
13, in accordance with the method for claim 5, described step (b) is performed such, and is about to coating and disperses thing to place tinker barrier zone on every side, and this zone is between the two ends of the wire rod of desiring to link together.
14, in accordance with the method for claim 7, described enough tin is applied to the lead button surface, and to form the eutectic wiping solder of 63% tin and 37% lead, its eutectic temperature is 361 °F, tin and plumbous final ratio are 1: 10 to 1: 1000 in the resulting sintered state solid material, 000.
15, in accordance with the method for claim 8, described dispersive fragment is that the eutectic composition that tin is applied to plumbous surface is 63% tin and 37% lead, eutectic temperature is the plumbous low eutectic solder of 361 tin, tin and plumbous final ratio are 1: 10 to 1: 1000 in the resulting sintered state solid-state material, 000.
16, in accordance with the method for claim 9, described dispersive fragment is that tin is applied to the eutectic composition on plumbous surface for containing 63% tin and 37% lead, eutectic temperature is the plumbous low eutectic solder of 361 tin, tin and plumbous final ratio are 1: 10 to 1: 1000 in the sintered state solid-state material that obtains, 000.
17, in accordance with the method for claim 10, described dispersive fragment is that tin is applied to the eutectic composition on plumbous surface for containing 63% tin and 37% lead, eutectic temperature is the plumbous low eutectic solder of 361 tin, in the sintered state solid-state material that obtains tin and plumbous and final ratio be 1: 10 to: 1000,000.
18, in accordance with the method for claim 5, the dispersive fragment of described coating that can not agglomerated material has at least a part to be bonded on the matrix, this matrix be used in described lip-deep described can not agglomerated material, through the ion implantation surface-treated surface of carrying out in advance, then at follow-up step (c), (d), (e), the dispersive fragment of the described coating that sintering is a part of at least is in ion implantation not sintered material, all as step (b) first partly; Then in step (b), the described not sintered material with residual content is used to make described sintering solid material further.
19, in accordance with the method for claim 7, the lead button of described coating has at least a part and matrix bonding, this matrix is through surface treatment, comprise that ion bombardment, plasma spraying, plating, pressure apply and flame plating, make and on described surface, inject lead ion, then at follow-up step (c), (d), (e), the dispersive fragment of the described coating that sintering is a part of at least is in ion implantation not sintered material, all as step (b) first partly; Then in step (b), the described not sintered material with residual content is used to make described sintering solid material further.
20, in accordance with the method for claim 7, the lead button of described coating has at least a part and matrix bonding, this matrix is through surface treatment, comprise ion bombardment, plasma spraying, electroplate, pressure applies and flame plating, make and on described surface, inject lead ion, then at follow-up step (c), (d) and (e), the dispersive fragment of a part of at least described coating of sintering is extremely through ion implantation not sintered material, all as step (b) first partly, then in step (b), further a spot of tin is placed on the plumbous sintered layer, further place the lead button of the described coating of residual content then, then implementation step (c), (d), (e) and (f).
21, a kind of production has the method for the metallic substance of the carbon-reinforced fiber of imbedding, described carbon fiber is selected from graphite, polymer and graphite and carbon, here said metal must be able to carry out ion implantation on matrix, and can form eutectic alloy with an alloying additive, the eutectoid point of described eutectic alloy is lower than the plastic deformation temperatures of described metal, described alloying additive and described carbon fiber, and this method may further comprise the steps:
(a) at described carbon fiber surface through the described metal of ion implantation skim, on described ion implantation metal, coat the described alloying additive of skim then again;
(b) the dispersive fragment of described metal is placed on around the surface of described carbon fiber, and is placed in the shapes of containers with metallic substance that desire produces;
(c) with the dispersive fragment of described metal, described alloying additive and describedly place a thermal source through ion implantation metal, make it slowly be warming up to first temperature, at this moment alloying additive can diffuse into described in the dispersive fragment of ion implantation metal and described metal, forming the spreading area on the interface of ion implantation metal and the dispersive fragment with alloying additive, described metal and described alloying additive form eutectic alloy in the spreading area;
(d) then, to described metal dispersive fragment, described alloying additive and described through the ion implantation enough heats of metal supply, make the temperature of described at least spreading area be warmed up to second temperature-a little more than eutectoid point, make described spreading area local melting, form the melting area of isothermal eutectic composition, at this moment, adjacent dispersive fragment and begin shared melting area and moistening mutually through ion implantation metal;
(e) maintenance described second is temperature-resistant, alloying additive continues to spread to the dispersive fragment with in ion implantation metal, thereby reduced the melting area alloying additive concentration and improved its fusing point, cause the curing again of melting area, described carbon fiber and the described dispersive fragment with solid metal material of the carbon-reinforced fiber of imbedding are bonded together;
(f) metal is shifted out thermal source, described solid metal material is cooled off.
22, in accordance with the method for claim 21, the dispersive fragment of described coating comprises particle, powder, the fiber of described sheet, dish that can not agglomerated material, the section sheet of line.
23, in accordance with the method for claim 22, step (a) afterwards and the described before carbon fiber of step (b) be cut into or be chopped to many broken section; Wherein step (b) is that with described carbon fiber a plurality of broken section mixes with a certain amount of described metal dispersive fragment, and described metallic substance is an as cast condition.
24, in accordance with the method for claim 22, in step (a), in described carbon fiber, through ion implantation described metal, the degree of depth reaches 10 to 20 atoms, is 1～3 atom at described lip-deep thickness; Wherein said alloying additive is electroplated on described metal.
25, in accordance with the method for claim 22, described metal is plumbous, and alloying additive is a tin.
26, a kind of use connects metal with the two surperficial relatively methods that forever link together, connect the surface connection that metal will be connected with desire, can form eutectic alloy with an alloying additive, wherein the fusing point of eutectic alloy will be lower than the viscous deformation warm area of the material on the surface that desire connects, and present method comprises the steps:
(a) coating of described connection metal is bonded to permanent two surfaces relatively that connect of described desire;
(b) each the described apparent surface who connects in desire is coated with the skim alloying additive;
C) described apparent surface is put together, make it to closely cooperate, described apparent surface is placed in the thermal source, at least make connection metal and alloying additive slowly be warming up to eutectic temperature, make alloying additive to connecting metal diffusing, in connecting metal, form the spreading area, connect metal and alloying additive formation eutectic alloy in the spreading area;
(d) then, supply with enough heats to described apparent surface, described connection metal and alloying additive, at least make described spreading area arrive second temperature-a little more than eutectoid point, make described spreading area local melting, form the isothermal melting area that comprises the eutectic composition, the described two surperficial relatively shared melting areas of beginning and moistening mutually;
(e) keeping described second temperature remains unchanged, alloying additive is continued to connecting metal diffusing, reduced the concentration of alloying additive like this in the melting area, and improved its fusing point, the melting area is solidified again, like this, make described two relatively the surface bond together, make it for good and all to connect;
(f) then, make the surface of permanent connection shift out thermal source, the permanent surface that connects forms one-piece construction, and is cooled off.
27, in accordance with the method for claim 26, described dispersive fragment comprises the particle of described sheet dish that can not agglomerated material, the fragment of powder, fiber, line.
28, in accordance with the method for claim 27, two to have a surface at least in the surface relatively be irregular in step (a) before, has perfect cooperation layout behind the described afterwards apparent surface of step (b).
29, in accordance with the method for claim 27, described metal is selected from lead, ferrous metal, iron containing alloy, pottery, refractory materials, nickel-vanadium steel, lead-calcium alloy, lead antimony alloy, cobalt base alloy and titanium base alloy.
30, in accordance with the method for claim 29, described alloying additive is selected from tin, calcium, nickel, silver, niobium, gold and rare earth metal.
31, in accordance with the method for claim 27, described connection metal is plumbous, and alloying additive is a tin.
32, in accordance with the method for claim 27, described connection metal adopts surface treatment method to be bonded on the apparent surface, and described surface treatment method is selected from ion bombardment, plasma spraying, plating, pressurization coating and flame plating.
33, in accordance with the method for claim 27, described step (a) is performed such, and promptly in each described apparent surface, through ion implantation described connection metal, the degree of depth reaches 10～20 atoms, and described lip-deep thickness is 1～3 atom; Wherein said alloying additive is electroplated on described connection metal.
34, according to the described method of claim 33, described connection metal is plumbous, and alloying additive is a tin.
35, in accordance with the method for claim 26, wherein the another kind of method of step (b) is, places the powder bed of the particle coated in a middle layer relatively between the surface described two.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 93104816 CN1094450A (en) | 1993-04-28 | 1993-04-28 | Methods for alloy migration sintering |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 93104816 CN1094450A (en) | 1993-04-28 | 1993-04-28 | Methods for alloy migration sintering |
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| CN1094450A true CN1094450A (en) | 1994-11-02 |
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| CN 93104816 Pending CN1094450A (en) | 1993-04-28 | 1993-04-28 | Methods for alloy migration sintering |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7888793B2 (en) | 2003-09-15 | 2011-02-15 | Nuvotronics, Llc | Device package and methods for the fabrication and testing thereof |
| CN105903959A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-08-31 | 东南大学 | Preparation method of titanium carbide coated carbon fibers |
| US10319654B1 (en) | 2017-12-01 | 2019-06-11 | Cubic Corporation | Integrated chip scale packages |
-
1993
- 1993-04-28 CN CN 93104816 patent/CN1094450A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7888793B2 (en) | 2003-09-15 | 2011-02-15 | Nuvotronics, Llc | Device package and methods for the fabrication and testing thereof |
| US8993450B2 (en) | 2003-09-15 | 2015-03-31 | Nuvotronics, Llc | Device package and methods for the fabrication and testing thereof |
| US9410799B2 (en) | 2003-09-15 | 2016-08-09 | Nuvotronics, Inc. | Device package and methods for the fabrication and testing thereof |
| US9647420B2 (en) | 2003-09-15 | 2017-05-09 | Nuvotronics, Inc. | Package and methods for the fabrication and testing thereof |
| US9817199B2 (en) | 2003-09-15 | 2017-11-14 | Nuvotronics, Inc | Device package and methods for the fabrication and testing thereof |
| CN105903959A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-08-31 | 东南大学 | Preparation method of titanium carbide coated carbon fibers |
| US10319654B1 (en) | 2017-12-01 | 2019-06-11 | Cubic Corporation | Integrated chip scale packages |
| US10553511B2 (en) | 2017-12-01 | 2020-02-04 | Cubic Corporation | Integrated chip scale packages |
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