CN109443536A - The pixel nonuniformity calibration method and device of spaceborne spectrometer CCD ultraviolet band - Google Patents
The pixel nonuniformity calibration method and device of spaceborne spectrometer CCD ultraviolet band Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
Abstract
A kind of pixel nonuniformity calibration method and device of spaceborne spectrometer CCD ultraviolet band, the technical issues of traditional technology can be solved and be only applicable to optical imagery CCD, be not able to satisfy light spectrum image-forming CCD calibration requirements but.Including building test platform, including halogen light source, the halogen light source is arranged in photochopper, and through grating monochromator to adjustable slit arrangement, adjustable slit arrangement is connect with integrating sphere by optical fiber the light of the photochopper transmitting；The light of the integrating sphere output enters hot spot imager；The hot spot imager output facula is to spaceborne spectrometer CCD；The present invention is by establishing a class circle hot spot uniform irradiation light source, generate the hot spot of different-waveband, spot diameter covers the multiple pixels of CCD imaging surface, realize spectrometer all band scanning imagery, successively CCD imaging surface is irradiated according to pixel sequence, the signal distributions for obtaining CCD pixel obtain accurate PRNU calibration equation by carrying out the processing method of Gauss curve fitting and least square to signal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ccd image processing technology fields, and in particular to a kind of picture of spaceborne spectrometer CCD ultraviolet band
First nonuniformity calibration method and device.
Background technique
Scientific Grade area array CCD has become the photoelectric detector of spectrometer first choice, but ruler is generally imaged in scientific grade CCD
Very little big, pixel charge stores gesture well depth, the heterogeneity (PRNU) for be easy to causeing pixel to respond in imaging process, because of manufacture
The reason of technique and material, the phenomenon are particularly evident in ultraviolet band.
Spaceborne spectrometer before transmission, needs to obtain the PRNU parameter of CCD by ground experiment, that is, usually say
The calibration of CCD flat field, detailed process is as follows for the calibration means that everybody uses at this stage: 1, using uniform and stable white light, irradiation light
The surface spectrometer CCD generates flat field image；2, flat field image subtracts offset image and generates unbiased horizontalization field frame；3, scientific imagery subtracts
Spacer is gone to generate without background scientific imagery；4, required target figure can be obtained divided by unbiased horizontalization field frame without background scientific imagery
Picture.The validity of CCD flat field correction data is CCD warp after guaranteeing that PRNU parameter is consistent afterwards before transmission, but load is entered the orbit
Ultraviolet irradiation is crossed, because the intensity of different ultraviolet light wave bands, PRNU state generate variation.For spaceborne spectrometer, CCD detection
What is obtained on device face is spectrum picture, and the different ranks of CCD are corresponding to be the signal of different spectral coverage, if only used simple uniform
White light CCD detection face cannot objectively respond the PRNU attribute of ccd detector actual working state.
Satellite-borne differential absorption spectrometer generallys use difference absorption spectrum technology, anti-by atmospheric sounding or earth surface
The ultraviolet/visible light penetrate, scattered radiates to parse the spatial and temporal distributions and variation of trace gas.To meet spaceborne spectrometer imaging
High-precision and high s/n ratio, Scientific Grade area array CCD become the photoelectric detector of spectrometer first choice.But scientific grade CCD generally at
Picture size is very big, pixel charge storage gesture well heterogeneity that is deeper, therefore be easy to causeing pixel to respond in imaging process
(Photo Response Non-Uniformity, PRNU), PRNU is affected to dim light spectrum signal inversion accuracy.Because of CCD
Sensor is using Si as main manufacture material, and absorption depth of the photon in silicon is reduction with wavelength and exponentially type
Decaying, the difficulty that this collection for allowing for ultraviolet photogenerated charge seems abnormal in the depletion layer of silicon；Furthermore most ultraviolet light
Son is absorbed by the normal-gate structure based on optical grating construction CCD, and the polysilicon at least 400nm of traditional manufacture grid material
Thickness, and penetration depth only has 2nm for the ultraviolet light of 400nm, therefore polysilicon door effectively shields CCD imaging region
Ultraviolet radioactive generate photon, cause the decaying of quantitative efficiency；Meanwhile CCD internal gate oxide layer and passivation layer are all
It is made of SiO2, their overlap between Si, ionization damage and mechanicalness displacement injury can be generated under ultraviolet irradiation,
Also it will affect the collection of ultraviolet photogenerated charge.Therefore PRNU phenomenon is particularly evident in ultraviolet band.
Less in ultraviolet spectral coverage PRNU calibration method to satellite-based CCD both at home and abroad, most of research work is all from 2000
Start later, and does not have the research of the PRNU phenomenon specifically for spaceborne spectrometer CCD ultraviolet imagery also in the world, it is domestic
Have no relevant research report.
Most early in the ultraviolet channel of spaceborne spectrometer do flat field calibration be smelly in U.S. EOS (earth observing system) project
Oxygen detection (OMI), it is the first spectrometer using Scientific Grade face battle array imaging sensor.CCD type number is E2VCCD47-10,
Pixel dimension is 780 × 576 (spectrum dimensions × space dimension), and ultraviolet service band is 264nm-383nm.The instrument is using conventional
CCD flat field calibration method, using spectrum output variation be no more than 10-4White light source illuminate spectrometer CCD imaging surface, data
The result shows that it has reached 5% in the PRNU effect of ultraviolet band, it is 1% in the PRNU effect of visible waveband.It is retouched according to document
State OMI has only used white light source to do flat field calibration on ground, does not consider varying strength, the ultraviolet light of different wave length is to CCD
Influence.
European Space Agency is a kind of superhigh precision spectrophotometric space telescope in the CHEOPS satellite of transmitting in 2017.
CHEOPS uses back-illuminated type frame transfer CCD, model E2VCCD47-20, and pixel dimension is 1024 × 1024.In ground test
In, which generates monochromatic light using grating monochromator, generates uniform light using integrating sphere and is incident upon in CCD visual field.It should
Research group's discovery, closer to ultraviolet band, the PRNU phenomenon of CCD is more obvious.Since the load operation wave band is 400nm-
1100nm is exactly in ultraviolet edge, therefore does not make further research with regard to ultraviolet band.
It is more careful that European Southern Observatory detector group has done scientific grade CCD in the PRNU variation of visible waveband
Work.They reported in 2000 has done imaging performance test to infrared band ultraviolet to a variety of ccd detectors.It uses
The flat field image that CCD device E2V44-82 is generated in 320nm, 650nm, 950nm wavelength can significantly be found out, in ultraviolet waves
Section, the PRNU effect of CCD are more obvious.Visible waveband between 400nm-850nm, illumination influence base to ccd detector
This is and relatively flat 2% or so, but while being lower than 400nm wave band occurs responding from the pixel of 2%-6% and fluctuates.Simultaneously should
Group cooperates with University of Hawaii, does to the CCD of the echelle spectrograph in the UT2 telescope of para nail (unit of length) observatory
From ultraviolet to the test of infrared band imaging performance, which is CCID-20, using 15um manufacturing process, pixel resolution
2K×4K.Under the irradiation of 350nm ultraviolet wavelength, hence it is evident that brick striped occur.Compare above-mentioned E2V44-82 device, PRNU
Change rate has reached 40% or more unexpectedly.Group analysis, the initiation of the section phenomenon may be the CCD wafer back side in laser annealing
In the process, quality difference caused by, so that generating acute variation in ultraviolet band CCD pixel photoelectric respone.If adjustment should
CCD manufacturing process is come, which should can weaken.The phenomenon also illustrates from another point of view, even if CCD Manufacture quality control
Very well, CCD is also required to enough attention in the PRNU effect of ultraviolet band.
The Floris of Dutch Catholic University of America and the U.S. draw the Stephen of the Isaac newton group of Palma also to observe
The exception that space loading CCD is imaged in ultraviolet band, and more detailed test has been done to E2V44-82 device.They use halogen
Tungsten lamp uses slit width for 4 arcsec (891um) as light source, and the grating used is H2400B, can cover in image planes
The spectrum of 37.8nm width, therefore 7 width flat field images can be continuously obtained between 330nm-570nm.To avoid non-linear generation,
Time for exposure is arranged so that CCD output DN value is no more than 60000 (16Bit AD).At again by IRAF software to image
Reason, flat field data variation is steady, and then significant change is larger for ultraviolet band response.
In conclusion PRNU effect be imaged in ultraviolet band for scientific grade CCD in the world, mainly using integrating sphere with
Monochromator generates the conventional means of uniform light, is calibrated using the scheme of spacer and flat field frame to scientific imagery.Above method
Suitable for optical imagery CCD, it is not able to satisfy the calibration requirements of light spectrum image-forming CCD but, because spectrum CCD capture is spectrogram
Picture, it is the spectral line of different-waveband that different column locations are corresponding, only cannot go to describe with the irradiation of a kind of monochromatic light or white light
The characteristic of PRNU needs the different location on the face CCD, obtains different monochromatic responses to characterize the feature of PRNU.
Summary of the invention
A kind of pixel nonuniformity calibration method and device of spaceborne spectrometer CCD ultraviolet band proposed by the present invention, can
Solve the technical issues of traditional technology is only applicable to optical imagery CCD, is not able to satisfy light spectrum image-forming CCD calibration requirements but.
To achieve the above object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of pixel nonuniformity calibration method of spaceborne spectrometer CCD ultraviolet band, including
Test platform is built first, and the test platform includes halogen light source, and the halogen light source is arranged in shading
In device, the light of the photochopper transmitting, to adjustable slit arrangement, further includes integrating sphere through grating monochromator, can adjust slit dress
It sets and is connect with integrating sphere by optical fiber；
It further include hot spot imager, the light of the integrating sphere output enters hot spot imager；
It further include turntable, spaceborne spectrometer CCD is arranged on turntable, the hot spot imager output facula to spaceborne spectrum
Instrument CCD；
Wherein, calibration method the following steps are included:
S100, spaceborne spectrometer CCD is recorded under 0 second time for exposure, full width face biases frame；
It under S200, dark background, records under the different times of integration and different working modes, the spaceborne spectrometer that gain is 1
CCD dark background；
S300, adjustment grating monochromator, generate λ[1,1]Wavelength monochromatic light is radiated at spaceborne spectrometer by hot spot imager
CCD pixel is pushed away to sweep up on a little and is imaged, and records data；
S400, rotating table repeat step S300, until generating to next spaceborne spectrometer CCD imaging point imaging
λ[i, j]Wavelength monochromatic light terminates, and i represents line number, and j represents row number, makes hot spot in sequence on spaceborne spectrometer CCD imaging surface
Push-scanning image is carried out line by line；
After the completion of S500, entire image scanning, each spectroscopic data is spliced according to the row and column of spaceborne spectrometer CCD；
S600, every spectrum is handled by peak-seeking, characteristic spectral line peak position pixel number and corresponding wavelength is matched；
S700, polynomial regression analysis is carried out to line wavelength and peak position data group using least square method, calculated each
The corresponding wavelength value in pixel center obtains the PRNU spectral calibration equation of spaceborne spectrometer CCD.
Further, the peak-seeking in the step S600, which is handled, includes:
Using formula (1) Gauss Function Fitting, is handled by peak-seeking, determine spectrum SiMiddle peak position and line wavelength data group
[xij,yij], x in arrayijRepresent peak position pixel number, yijIt is long to represent character pair spike；
Further, the corresponding wavelength value in each pixel center is calculated in the step S700, obtains spaceborne spectrometer CCD
PRNU spectral calibration equation, comprising:
Spectral calibration equation model such as formula (2) is established, polynomial order takes three ranks, C in formulainFor the multinomial of Wavelength calibration
Coefficient, n are polynomial order.
A kind of pixel nonuniformity calibration device of spaceborne spectrometer CCD ultraviolet band, including halogen light source, the halogen
Plain lamp source is arranged in photochopper, and the light of the photochopper transmitting, to adjustable slit arrangement, further includes through grating monochromator
Integrating sphere, adjustable slit arrangement are connect with integrating sphere by optical fiber；
It further include hot spot imager, entrance of the light that the integrating sphere exports against hot spot imager；
It further include spaceborne spectrometer CCD, the outlet output facula of the hot spot imager to spaceborne spectrometer CCD.
It further, further include turntable, the CCD is arranged on turntable.
Further, the turntable is um grades of high-accuracy turntables, and adjustment step value is um magnitude.
Further, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) that the adjustable slit arrangement generates single band light is no more than 20nm.
Further, the monochromatic wave-length coverage of the grating monochromator output is in 200~400nm
As shown from the above technical solution, unlike conventional PRNU preparation method, a kind of spaceborne spectrometer of the invention
The pixel nonuniformity calibration method and device of CCD ultraviolet band is passed through by establishing a class circle hot spot uniform irradiation light source
Micron order displacement three-dimensional turntable generates the hot spot of different-waveband in the different spectrum dimension of ranks, and spot diameter covers CCD imaging
The multiple pixels in face realize spectrometer all band scanning imagery；Meanwhile the present invention uses ultraviolet light, forms the ellipse of minute diameter
Hot spot successively irradiates CCD imaging surface according to pixel sequence, obtains the signal distributions of CCD pixel, by carrying out Gauss to signal
The processing method of fitting and least square, obtains accurate PRNU calibration equation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the method for the present invention step schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of test platform of the invention；
Fig. 3 is that spectrum pushes away and sweeps schematic diagram during light measurement of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.
The pixel nonuniformity calibration method of spaceborne spectrometer CCD ultraviolet band described in the present embodiment, including take first
Test platform is built, the test platform includes halogen light source 1, and the halogen light source 1 is arranged in photochopper 2, the screening
The light that light device 2 emits arrives adjustable slit arrangement 4 through grating monochromator 3, further includes integrating sphere 5, can adjust slit arrangement 4 with
Integrating sphere 5 is connected by optical fiber；
It further include hot spot imager 6, the light that the integrating sphere 5 exports enters hot spot imager 6；
It further include turntable 8, spaceborne spectrometer CCD7 is arranged on turntable 8, and 6 output facula 9 of hot spot imager arrives star
It carries on spectrometer CCD7；
The test platform architecture of the present embodiment is as shown in Fig. 2, the major function of each structure is as follows:
1, halogen light source (Lamp): for generating the source of ultraviolet light；
2, photochopper: going out light for about light source beam, generates transmitting light to some direction；
3, grating monochromator: photodegradation for halogen light source to be generated at continuous spectral coverage monochromatic light；The grating
The monochromatic wave-length coverage of monochromator output is in 200~400nm.
4, it can adjust slit (AdjustSlit): generating single band light, FWHM (FullWidth atHalfMaxima) is wide
Degree is no more than 20nm；
5, integrating sphere: for keeping output light uniform；
6, hot spot imager: the light of adjustment integrating sphere output becomes a certain size hot spot；Spot size can be according to required
Spectrometer spectral line precision and CCD Pixel size comprehensively consider；
7, um grades of high-accuracy turntables: the three-dimensional adjustment position of focal plane CCD, adjustment step value are um magnitude.
In entire measurement process, spaceborne spectrometer ccd image output signal, which is linked into computer, to be shown, is recorded
And processing, refering to what is shown in Fig. 1, specifically pushing away, to sweep measurement process as follows:
Under 0 second time for exposure, full width face biases frame by S100, record CCD；
Under S200, dark background, record under the different times of integration, under different working modes, gain be 1 CCD dark background.
S300, adjustment grating monochromator, generate λ[1,1]Wavelength monochromatic light is radiated at CCD pixel by hot spot imager and pushes away
It sweeps up on a little and is imaged, and record data；
S400, rotation precise rotating platform, are imaged to next CCD imaging point, repeat step S300, until generating λ[i, j]Wavelength
Monochromatic light terminates (i represents line number, and j represents row number), and hot spot is made line by line push away on CCD imaging surface in sequence sweeping into
Picture；
After the completion of S500, entire image scanning, each spectroscopic data is spliced according to the row and column of CCD.
S600, every spectrum is handled by peak-seeking, characteristic spectral line peak position pixel number and corresponding wavelength is matched.
Peak-seeking processing use such as formula (1) Gauss Function Fitting, is handled by peak-seeking, can determine spectrum SiMiddle peak position and line wavelength
Data group [xij,yij], x in arrayijRepresent peak position pixel number, yijIt is long to represent character pair spike.
S700, polynomial regression analysis is carried out to line wavelength and peak position data group using least square method, calculated each
The corresponding wavelength value in pixel center obtains the PRNU spectral calibration equation of CCD.Because spectrum is on ccd detector similar to line
Property arrangement, establish spectral calibration equation model such as formula (2), polynomial order takes three ranks in formula, CinFor the multinomial of Wavelength calibration
Coefficient, n are polynomial order.
To further illustrate PRNU measurement process, the present embodiment for Fig. 3 with being described further.Assuming that spaceborne spectrometer
Space dimension resolution ratio corresponds to about 18 pixels of CCD horizontal axis, and spectral resolution corresponds to about 14 pixels of the longitudinal axis, therefore hot spot imager
The spot size of generation can be set to the pixel no more than 14 × 18, it is assumed that the CCD image planes are 1072 × 1032 pixels, then needing
It scans 77 × 57 times, generates full width figure.Obvious spot size is smaller, and PRNU stated accuracy is higher, but scanning times can be at
Increase again, and as hot spot reduces, hot spot imager design difficulty is also higher and higher.It therefore, need to be according to spectrum in practical application
The actually required spectral accuracy of instrument determines.
In summary, since space loading in the world has used a variety of methods to be imaged for scientific grade CCD in ultraviolet band
PRNU phenomenon carry out flat field calibration, the main conventional means that uniform light is generated using integrating sphere and monochromator, the change to PRNU
Change is recorded, and is calibrated using the scheme of spacer and flat field frame to scientific imagery.Above method is suitable for optical imagery
CCD is not able to satisfy the calibration requirements of light spectrum image-forming CCD but, because spectrum CCD capture is spectrum picture, different column locations
The spectrum of corresponding different-waveband cannot only go the characteristic of description PRNU with the irradiation of a kind of monochromatic light or white light, need
Different location on the face CCD obtains different monochromatic responses to characterize the feature of PRNU.
The embodiment of the present invention use ultraviolet light, form the ellipse light spot of minute diameter, according to pixel sequence successively to CCD at
Image planes irradiation, obtains the signal distributions of CCD pixel, by carrying out the processing method of Gauss curve fitting and least square to signal, obtains
Obtain accurate PRNU calibration equation.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although with reference to the foregoing embodiments
Invention is explained in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that: it still can be to aforementioned each implementation
Technical solution documented by example is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；And these modification or
Replacement, the spirit and scope for technical solution of various embodiments of the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of pixel nonuniformity calibration method of spaceborne spectrometer CCD ultraviolet band, it is characterised in that: build test first
Platform, the test platform include halogen light source (1), and halogen light source (1) setting is in photochopper (2), the screening
The light of light device (2) transmitting arrives adjustable slit arrangement (4) through grating monochromator (3), further includes integrating sphere (5), can adjust slit
Device (4) is connect with integrating sphere (5) by optical fiber；
It further include hot spot imager (6), the light of integrating sphere (5) output enters hot spot imager (6)；
It further include turntable (8), spaceborne spectrometer CCD (7) is arranged on turntable (8), hot spot imager (6) output facula
(9) spaceborne spectrometer CCD (7) is arrived；
Wherein, calibration method the following steps are included:
S100, spaceborne spectrometer CCD (7) is recorded under 0 second time for exposure, full width face biases frame；
It under S200, dark background, records under the different times of integration and different working modes, the spaceborne spectrometer CCD (7) that gain is 1
Dark background；
S300, adjustment grating monochromator (3), generate λ[1,1]Wavelength monochromatic light is radiated at spaceborne spectrum by hot spot imager (6)
Instrument CCD (7) pixel, which pushes away to sweep up on a little, to be imaged, and records data；
S400, rotating table (8) repeat step S300, until generating to next spaceborne spectrometer CCD (7) imaging point imaging
λ[i, j]Wavelength monochromatic light terminates, and i represents line number, and j represents row number, make hot spot (9) in sequence spaceborne spectrometer CCD (7) at
Push-scanning image is carried out in image planes line by line；
After the completion of S500, entire image scanning, each spectroscopic data is spliced according to the row and column of spaceborne spectrometer CCD；
S600, every spectrum is handled by peak-seeking, characteristic spectral line peak position pixel number and corresponding wavelength is matched；
S700, polynomial regression analysis is carried out to line wavelength and peak position data group using least square method, calculates each pixel
The corresponding wavelength value in center obtains the PRNU spectral calibration equation of spaceborne spectrometer CCD.
2. the pixel nonuniformity calibration method of spaceborne spectrometer CCD ultraviolet band according to claim 1, feature exist
In: the peak-seeking processing in the step S600 includes:
Using formula (1) Gauss Function Fitting, is handled by peak-seeking, determine spectrum SiMiddle peak position and line wavelength data group [xij,
yij], x in arrayijRepresent peak position pixel number, yijIt is long to represent character pair spike；
3. the pixel nonuniformity calibration method of spaceborne spectrometer CCD ultraviolet band according to claim 2, feature exist
In calculating the corresponding wavelength value in each pixel center in the step S700, obtain the PRNU spectral calibration of spaceborne spectrometer CCD
Equation, comprising:
Spectral calibration equation model such as formula (2) is established, polynomial order takes three ranks, C in formulainFor the system of polynomials of Wavelength calibration
Number, n is polynomial order.
4. a kind of pixel nonuniformity calibration device of spaceborne spectrometer CCD ultraviolet band, it is characterised in that: including halogen light
Source (1), halogen light source (1) setting is in photochopper (2), and the light of photochopper (2) transmitting is through grating monochromator (3)
It further include integrating sphere (5) to adjustable slit arrangement (4), adjustable slit arrangement (4) are connect with integrating sphere (5) by optical fiber；
It further include hot spot imager (6), entrance of the light that the integrating sphere (5) exports against hot spot imager (6)；
It further include spaceborne spectrometer CCD (7), the outlet output facula of the hot spot imager (6) to spaceborne spectrometer CCD (7).
5. the pixel nonuniformity calibration device of spaceborne spectrometer CCD ultraviolet band according to claim 4, feature exist
In:
It further include turntable (8), the CCD (7) is arranged on turntable (8).
6. the pixel nonuniformity calibration device of spaceborne spectrometer CCD ultraviolet band according to claim 5, feature exist
In:
The turntable (8) is um grades of high-accuracy turntables, and adjustment step value is um magnitude.
7. the pixel nonuniformity calibration device of spaceborne spectrometer CCD ultraviolet band according to claim 4, feature exist
In:
The full width at half maximum (FWHM) that the adjustable slit arrangement (4) generates single band light is no more than 20nm.
8. the pixel nonuniformity calibration device of spaceborne spectrometer CCD ultraviolet band according to claim 4, feature exist
In:
The monochromatic wave-length coverage of grating monochromator (3) output is in 200~400nm.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| CN114486183A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-05-13 | 杭州远方光电信息股份有限公司 | Lamp light distribution testing method and lamp light distribution measuring system |
| CN114486183B (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2024-02-23 | 杭州远方光电信息股份有限公司 | Lamp light distribution testing method and lamp light distribution measuring system |
| CN114485938A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-05-13 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | PRNU (vertical binary arithmetic unit) evaluation method of spectral imaging CCD (charge coupled device) and storage medium |
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