CN109440089B - Metal foil type strain gauge design and manufacturing method based on hybrid 3D printing technology - Google Patents
Metal foil type strain gauge design and manufacturing method based on hybrid 3D printing technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN109440089B CN109440089B CN201811257966.8A CN201811257966A CN109440089B CN 109440089 B CN109440089 B CN 109440089B CN 201811257966 A CN201811257966 A CN 201811257966A CN 109440089 B CN109440089 B CN 109440089B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
- C23C18/22—Roughening, e.g. by etching
- C23C18/24—Roughening, e.g. by etching using acid aqueous solutions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
- C23C18/28—Sensitising or activating
- C23C18/30—Activating or accelerating or sensitising with palladium or other noble metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/38—Coating with copper
- C23C18/40—Coating with copper using reducing agents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
- G01B7/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in resistance
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for designing and manufacturing a metal foil type strain gauge based on a hybrid 3D printing technology, which adopts computer-aided design software to design three-dimensional models of a strain gauge base disc, a sensitive grid substrate and a protective layer. And (3) assembling a base disc and a sensitive grid substrate model by using 3D printing and slicing software, and carrying out slicing processing according to printing parameters to obtain a numerical control programming language code to drive the fused deposition modeling 3D printer to manufacture a strain gauge substrate, wherein the base disc part adopts non-platable plastic, and the sensitive grid substrate adopts platable plastic for printing. And depositing a metal or alloy layer on the surface of the platable plastic by using an electroless plating process. And slicing the protective layer model to obtain a numerical control programming language code, and printing the protective layer on the surface of the sensitive grid by using a fused deposition modeling 3D printer to complete the manufacture of the metal foil type strain gauge. The invention simplifies the design and manufacturing process of the metal foil type strain gauge, improves the conductivity and mechanical strength of the sensitive grid, and can meet the production requirements of small-batch customized metal foil type strain gauges.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a design and manufacturing technology of a metal foil type strain gauge, and belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing.
Background
A resistive strain gauge is a sensitive device that converts a change in strain on an object under test into an electrical signal. Metal foil strain gauges are one of the most widely used resistive strain gauges. The strain gauge is generally made of metal and alloy films deposited on a polymer film substrate by an evaporation or sputtering method, then a sensitive grid is formed by patterning a metal/alloy thin layer by applying a photoetching process, and finally a protective layer is covered. When the resistance strain gauge is in practical use, the strain gauge is tightly adhered to a substrate generating mechanical strain by using an adhesive, and when the substrate is stressed and changes in stress, the resistance strain gauge is deformed together, so that the resistance value of a sensitive grid of the strain gauge is changed, and the voltage applied to the resistor is changed. The metal foil type strain gauge is used for manufacturing a metal foil sensitive grid by adopting an evaporation or sputtering method and a photoetching process, has the advantages of uniform lines, accurate size, good resistance consistency and the like, and is suitable for mass production. However, at present, more and more demands for customized strain gauges appear in the fields of consumer electronics, aerospace, automobile industry, national defense industry and the like, the demand for rapid design and production of customized strain gauge structures according to practical application demands is required, generally, the demand is limited, and the cost for producing the strain gauges by using a traditional process is high.
The 3D printing technique is a technique for manufacturing a solid part by a layer-by-layer material accumulation method based on three-dimensional CAD data. Recently, 3D printing technology has been developed to achieve diversification and systematization of processing processes and raw materials. Common 3D printing processes include: selective laser melting molding, fused deposition molding, photocuring molding and the like. The processing raw materials include metals, thermoplastics, photocurable resins, ceramics, and the like. However, the conventional 3D printing technology can only realize the manufacture of single-material and single-function components, and cannot meet the requirement of direct manufacture of customized electronic products. In order to solve the problem, at present, a 3D printing technology is mainly combined with methods such as inkjet printing, aerosol jetting, dispensing processes and the like, and conductive ink is coated on the surface of a 3D printing substrate to form a circuit. However, part of the solvent contained in the conductive ink corrodes the 3D printing substrate, and the conductive ink has limited mechanical strength and is easy to fall off or break; in addition, the conductivity of the conductive ink has a large difference from the metal on the conventional metal foil type strain gauge, which affects the performance of the 3D printed metal foil type strain gauge.
The common metal foil type strain gauge mainly adopts the vapor deposition or sputtering method and the photoetching process to manufacture the metal foil sensitive grid, and the manufacturing method is suitable for mass production. But are difficult to meet the requirements for customized strain gauges in the fields of consumer electronics, aerospace, automotive industry, defense industry and the like. The 3D printing technology is very suitable for producing electronic products in small batches and in a customized mode, but at present, conductive ink is generally adopted to manufacture conductive circuits, the mechanical strength is low, and the conductive performance is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention is based on a mixed 3D printing technology, mainly applies a chemical plating process to selectively deposit a metal or alloy layer on a substrate manufactured by a fused deposition forming process, and provides a solution for quickly designing and manufacturing a customized metal foil type strain gauge.
The invention relates to a metal foil type strain gauge design and manufacturing method based on a hybrid 3D printing technology, which comprises the following steps: firstly, respectively designing three-dimensional models of a strain gauge base disc, a sensitive grid substrate and a protective layer by using computer aided design software; and secondly, assembling the strain gauge base disc and the sensitive grid substrate model by using 3D printing and slicing software to form a three-dimensional model of the whole strain gauge. According to various set printing parameters such as nozzle temperature, nozzle speed, filling rate, layer thickness and the like, slicing the strain gauge three-dimensional model, and converting the three-dimensional model into a numerical control programming language code for controlling a fused deposition modeling 3D printer; then, manufacturing a metal foil type strain foil substrate made of two materials by using a fused deposition modeling 3D printer, wherein the basal disc part adopts non-platable plastic, and the sensitive grid substrate adopts platable plastic for printing; then, depositing a metal or alloy layer on the surface of the sensitive gate substrate formed by the platable plastic by applying a chemical plating process; and finally, slicing the three-dimensional model of the protective layer by using 3D printing slicing software to obtain a numerical control programming language code, and printing the protective layer on the surface of the sensitive grid by using a fused deposition modeling 3D printer to complete the manufacture of the metal foil type strain gauge.
The invention provides a metal foil type strain gauge design and manufacturing method based on a hybrid 3D printing technology, which comprises the following steps:
1) designing three-dimensional models of a strain gauge base plate, a sensitive gate substrate and a protective layer: respectively designing three-dimensional models of the strain gauge base disc, the sensitive gate substrate and the protective layer by using computer aided design software;
2) slicing a three-dimensional model of a strain gauge base plate and a sensitive grid substrate: and introducing three-dimensional models of a strain gauge base plate and a sensitive grid substrate into 3D printing and slicing software, forming the three-dimensional models of the strain gauge substrate through an assembling function in the software, and carrying out slicing processing on the three-dimensional models of the strain gauges by using printing parameters such as set nozzle temperature, nozzle speed, filling rate, layer thickness and the like to obtain a numerical control programming language code for driving the fused deposition modeling 3D printer. The code is in a G-code format and is the most common numerical control programming language of the 3D printer, and each line of sentences in the file are commands which can be understood by the firmware of the 3D printer and control the 3D printer to manufacture a corresponding three-dimensional model. The three-dimensional design model can be quickly and conveniently converted into a command code for controlling equipment manufacturing by means of 3D printing slicing software.
3) Fused deposition modeling 3D printing strain foil substrate: two material extruders are integrated in the fused deposition modeling 3D printer, so that automatic switching of extrusion heads can be realized, two different materials are printed, a strain foil substrate formed by the two materials is manufactured according to the G-code command code generated in the step 2), wherein the basal disc part is printed by non-platable plastics, and the sensitive grid substrate is printed by platable plastics, so that metal is only deposited on the surface of the platable plastics in the subsequent chemical plating process, a graphical sensitive grid structure is directly formed, and the additional graphical process steps in the traditional process are simplified;
4) cleaning: and immersing the strain foil substrate into cleaning solution for ultrasonic cleaning, taking out, cleaning with deionized water and wiping to dry.
5) Coarsening: and (3) roughening the surface of the strain foil substrate by using a strong oxidizing corrosive agent, and cleaning the strain foil substrate by using deionized water after taking out.
6) Reduction: and 5) carrying out reduction treatment on the strain sheet substrate cleaned in the step 5), removing the residual strong oxidant, taking out and cleaning with deionized water.
7) And (3) activation: and immersing the strain foil substrate into a colloidal palladium activating solution for activation, taking out the strain foil substrate, and cleaning the strain foil substrate by using deionized water.
8) And (3) gel releasing: dipping the strain sheet substrate cleaned in the step 7) into a dilute acid solution for debonding, taking out and cleaning with deionized water.
9) Chemical plating: and putting the strain gauge substrate subjected to dispergation into a chemical plating solution, depositing a layer of metal on the surface of the platable plastic, taking out and washing with deionized water.
10) Protective layer model slicing: introducing a three-dimensional model of a strain gauge protection layer into 3D printing and slicing software, and slicing the model according to set printing parameters to obtain a numerical control programming language code for driving a fused deposition modeling 3D printer;
11) fused deposition modeling 3D printing protective layer: and printing a protective layer on the surface of the sensitive grid by using a fused deposition modeling 3D printer to finish the manufacture of the strain gauge.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: 1) the design and manufacturing method of the metal foil type strain gauge based on the hybrid 3D printing technology simplifies the design and manufacturing process of the metal foil type strain gauge, shortens the production period and cost, improves the conductivity and mechanical strength of the sensitive grid, and is very suitable for rapid design and manufacturing of the customized strain gauge; 2) as described in step 1), the geometric structure and the sensitive grid pattern of the strain gauge can be designed by computer aided design software according to actual requirements, the design method is simple and convenient, the strain gauge can be quickly modified according to a test result, and the design freedom degree is high; 3) secondly, as in step 3), the fused deposition modeling 3D process can directly manufacture the strain gauge plate substrate without the cutting and modeling step in the traditional process, thereby remarkably simplifying the manufacturing process; 4) secondly, as step 9), the sensitive grid of the strain gauge is directly obtained by depositing a metal/alloy layer on the surface of the platable plastic by a chemical plating process without complex processes such as evaporation/sputtering, photoetching and the like in the traditional process; 5) thirdly, as the step 9), the conducting wire of the circuit board is plated with metal/alloy, and the conducting performance of the conducting wire is obviously higher than that of the commonly used conducting ink; 6) in addition, the mechanical strength of the metal or alloy plating layer is higher than that of the conductive ink, and the bonding force between the metal or alloy plating layer and the circuit board substrate is also better than that of the conductive ink obviously. 7) Finally, as stated in step 11), the protective film is also directly printed by the fused deposition modeling 3D printer, the shape and size of the protective film can be customized as required, and the modification is convenient, which is simpler and more convenient than the coating and photolithography processes in the traditional process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for designing and manufacturing a metal foil type strain gauge based on a hybrid 3D printing technology according to the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional model of a substrate, a sensitive gate substrate and a protective layer of a metal foil type strain gauge,
FIG. 3 is an example of a three-dimensional model of a foil-type strain gauge substrate assembled and sliced by 3D printing and slicing software,
FIG. 4 is an example of a three-dimensional model of a foil-type strain gage protective layer sliced by 3D printing slicing software,
FIG. 5 is an example of a finished foil strain gage after fused deposition modeling 3D printing of the protective layer,
in the figure: 1 protective layer, 2 sensitive grid substrate, 3 strain gauge base plate, 4 sensitive grid substrate after metal deposition.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a metal foil type strain gauge design and manufacturing method based on a hybrid 3D printing technology, which comprises the following steps: firstly, respectively designing three-dimensional models of a strain gauge base disc, a sensitive grid substrate and a protective layer by using computer aided design software; and secondly, assembling the strain gauge base disc and the sensitive grid substrate model by using 3D printing and slicing software to form a three-dimensional model of the whole strain gauge. According to various set printing parameters such as nozzle temperature, nozzle speed, filling rate, layer thickness and the like, slicing the strain gauge three-dimensional model, and converting the three-dimensional model into a numerical control programming language code for controlling a fused deposition modeling 3D printer; then, manufacturing a metal foil type strain foil substrate made of two materials by using a fused deposition modeling 3D printer, wherein the basal disc part adopts non-platable plastic, and the sensitive grid substrate adopts platable plastic for printing; then, depositing a metal or alloy layer on the surface of the sensitive gate substrate formed by the platable plastic by applying a chemical plating process; and finally, slicing the three-dimensional model of the protective layer by using 3D printing slicing software to obtain a numerical control programming language code, and printing the protective layer on the surface of the sensitive grid by using a fused deposition modeling 3D printer to complete the manufacture of the metal foil type strain gauge.
The specific method for designing and manufacturing the metal foil type strain gauge of the hybrid 3D printing technology provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
example 1: referring to fig. 1-5, a method for designing and manufacturing a metal foil type strain gauge based on a hybrid 3D printing technology includes:
1) designing three-dimensional models of a strain gauge base plate, a sensitive gate substrate and a protective layer: the method is characterized in that information such as geometric shapes and attributes of a base plate, a sensitive grid substrate and a protective layer is defined in computer aided design software, a visual three-dimensional model with reality sense is generated by a computer and is exported to an STL file format, the three-dimensional model is in a three-dimensional graphic file format which uses triangular meshes to represent the outline shapes of objects and serves for 3D printing and manufacturing technologies.
2) Slicing a three-dimensional model of a strain gauge base plate and a sensitive grid substrate: and (3) introducing three-dimensional models of a metal foil type strain gauge base disc and a sensitive grid substrate into 3D printing and slicing software, setting various printing parameters such as nozzle temperature, nozzle speed, filling rate, layer thickness and the like, and slicing the three-dimensional models of the strain gauges to obtain numerical control programming language codes for driving the fused deposition modeling 3D printer. The code is in a G-code format and is the most common numerical control programming language of the 3D printer, and each line of sentences in the file are commands which can be understood by the firmware of the 3D printer and control the 3D printer to manufacture a corresponding three-dimensional model. The three-dimensional design model can be quickly and conveniently converted into a command code for controlling equipment manufacturing by means of 3D printing slicing software;
3) fused deposition modeling 3D printing strain foil substrate: manufacturing a metal foil type strain foil substrate by using a fused deposition modeling 3D printer, wherein the basal disc part is printed by non-platable polycarbonate, and the sensitive grid substrate is printed by platable ABS plastic;
4) cleaning: the strain gage substrate was immersed in analytically pure isopropanol, ultrasonically cleaned at room temperature for 10 minutes, removed, cleaned with deionized water and wiped dry.
5) Coarsening: a chromic acid solution (chromium oxide: 410g/L, 98% sulfuric acid: 400g/L) is adopted to carry out roughening treatment on the substrate of the transformer, the temperature of the solution is 65 ℃, and the soaking time is 10 minutes. Taking out and washing with deionized water.
6) Reduction: and (3) carrying out reduction treatment (10 ml/L hydrazine hydrate, 20ml/L hydrochloric acid) on the strain piece substrate cleaned in the step 5), and soaking for 30 seconds at room temperature. Taking out and washing with deionized water.
7) And (3) activation: and (3) immersing the strain sheet substrate into a colloidal palladium activating solution at the temperature of 25 ℃ for 3 minutes. Taking out and washing with deionized water.
8) And (3) gel releasing: and (3) carrying out dispergation (100ml/L hydrochloric acid solution) on the sample cleaned in the step 7), wherein the temperature of the solution is 45 ℃, and the soaking time is 3 minutes. Taking out and washing with deionized water.
9) Chemical plating: and (3) putting the dispergated sample into chemical nickel plating solution (30 ml/L of chemical nickel A solution, 28ml/L of chemical nickel B solution and 45ml/L of chemical nickel C solution), wherein the temperature is 35 ℃, the pH value is 8, and the time is 30 minutes. Taking out and washing with deionized water.
10) Protective layer model slicing: introducing a three-dimensional model of a strain gauge protection layer into 3D printing and slicing software, and slicing the model according to set printing parameters to obtain a numerical control programming language code for driving a fused deposition modeling 3D printer;
11) fused deposition modeling 3D printing protective layer: printing a protective layer on the surface of the sensitive grid by using a fused deposition modeling 3D printer to complete the manufacture of the strain gauge;
example 2: referring to fig. 1-5, a method for designing and manufacturing a metal foil type strain gauge based on a hybrid 3D printing technology includes:
1) designing three-dimensional models of a strain gauge base plate, a sensitive gate substrate and a protective layer: the method is characterized in that information such as geometric shapes and attributes of a base plate, a sensitive grid substrate and a protective layer is defined in computer aided design software, a visual three-dimensional model with reality sense is generated by a computer and is exported to an STL file format, the three-dimensional model is in a three-dimensional graphic file format which uses triangular meshes to represent the outline shapes of objects and serves for 3D printing and manufacturing technologies.
2) Slicing a three-dimensional model of a strain gauge base plate and a sensitive grid substrate: and (3) introducing three-dimensional models of a metal foil type strain gauge base disc and a sensitive grid substrate into 3D printing and slicing software, setting various printing parameters such as nozzle temperature, nozzle speed, filling rate, layer thickness and the like, and slicing the three-dimensional models of the strain gauges to obtain numerical control programming language codes for driving the fused deposition modeling 3D printer. The code is in a G-code format and is the most common numerical control programming language of the 3D printer, and each line of sentences in the file are commands which can be understood by the firmware of the 3D printer and control the 3D printer to manufacture a corresponding three-dimensional model. The three-dimensional design model can be quickly and conveniently converted into a command code for controlling equipment manufacturing by means of 3D printing slicing software;
3) fused deposition modeling 3D printing: manufacturing a metal foil type strain foil substrate by using a fused deposition modeling 3D printer, wherein the basal disc part is printed by non-platable polycarbonate, and the sensitive grid substrate is printed by platable ABS plastic;
4) cleaning: the strain gauge substrate is immersed in analytically pure alcohol, ultrasonically cleaned for 10 minutes at room temperature, taken out, cleaned with deionized water and wiped dry.
5) Coarsening: a sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide solution (190 ml/L of 50% hydrogen peroxide and 160ml/L of 98% sulfuric acid) is adopted to carry out roughening treatment on the substrate of the transformer, and the substrate is soaked for 10 minutes at room temperature. Taking out and washing with deionized water.
6) Reduction: and (3) carrying out reduction treatment (10 ml/L hydrazine hydrate) on the strain gauge substrate cleaned in the step 5), and soaking for 30 seconds at room temperature. Taking out and washing with deionized water.
7) And (3) activation: and (3) immersing the strain sheet substrate into a colloidal palladium activating solution at the temperature of 25 ℃ for 3 minutes. Taking out and washing with deionized water.
8) And (3) gel releasing: and (3) carrying out dispergation (33 ml/L of 98% sulfuric acid) on the sample cleaned in the step 7), wherein the temperature of the solution is 55 ℃, and the soaking time is 2 minutes. Taking out and washing with deionized water.
9) Chemical plating: and putting the dispergated sample into chemical copper plating solution (8 g/L copper sulfate, 30g/L potassium sodium tartrate, 3g/L ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, 3g/L sodium citrate, 12ml/L formalin and 150ml/L methanol) in chemical nickel plating solution, wherein the temperature is 50 ℃, the pH value is 12.5, and the chemical plating time is 30 minutes. And taking out and washing with deionized water, wherein a layer of copper is deposited on the surfaces of all ABS materials on the substrate.
10) Protective layer model slicing: introducing a three-dimensional model of a strain gauge protection layer into 3D printing and slicing software, and slicing the model according to set printing parameters to obtain a numerical control programming language code for driving a fused deposition modeling 3D printer;
11) fused deposition modeling 3D printing protective layer: printing a protective layer on the surface of the sensitive grid by using a fused deposition modeling 3D printer to complete the manufacture of the strain gauge;
it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent substitutions or substitutions made on the above-mentioned technical solutions belong to the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A metal foil type strain gauge design and manufacturing method based on a hybrid 3D printing technology is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) designing three-dimensional models of a strain gauge base disc, a sensitive gate substrate and a protective layer;
2) slicing a three-dimensional model of the strain gauge substrate and the sensitive grid substrate;
3) 3D printing of the strain foil substrate through fused deposition molding;
4) cleaning: immersing the strain gauge substrate into cleaning solution for ultrasonic cleaning, taking out, cleaning with deionized water and wiping to dry;
5) coarsening: carrying out surface roughening treatment on the strain piece substrate by adopting chromic acid solution or sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide solution, and cleaning the strain piece substrate by using deionized water after taking out;
6) reduction: carrying out reduction treatment on the strain gauge substrate cleaned in the step 5), removing residual strong oxidant, taking out and cleaning with deionized water;
7) and (3) activation: immersing the strain foil substrate into a colloidal palladium activating solution for activation, taking out the strain foil substrate, and cleaning the strain foil substrate by using deionized water;
8) and (3) gel releasing: dipping the strain gauge substrate cleaned in the step 7) into a dilute acid solution for debonding, taking out and cleaning with deionized water;
9) chemical plating: putting the strain gauge substrate subjected to dispergation into a chemical plating solution, depositing a layer of metal on the surface of the platable plastic, taking out and washing with deionized water;
10) cutting a three-dimensional model of the protective layer: introducing a three-dimensional model of a strain gauge protection layer into 3D printing and slicing software, and slicing the model according to set printing parameters to obtain a numerical control programming language code for driving a fused deposition modeling 3D printer;
11) fused deposition modeling 3D printing protective layer: printing a protective layer on the surface of the sensitive grid by using a fused deposition modeling 3D printer to complete the manufacture of the strain gauge;
the step 1) of designing the three-dimensional model is specifically as follows, the information of the geometric shapes and the attributes of a base plate, a sensitive grid substrate and a protective layer is defined in computer aided design software, a computer generates a visual three-dimensional model with sense of reality and exports the visual three-dimensional model into an STL file format, the three-dimensional model uses triangular meshes to represent the outline shape of an object, and the three-dimensional model is a three-dimensional graphic file format serving for 3D printing and manufacturing technology;
in the step 2), in slicing of the strain gauge base disc and the sensitive grid three-dimensional model, the three-dimensional models of the strain gauge base disc and the sensitive grid substrate are introduced into 3D printing and slicing software, the three-dimensional model of the strain gauge substrate is formed through an assembling function in the software, and the set printing parameters such as nozzle temperature, nozzle speed, filling rate, layer thickness and the like are used for slicing the strain gauge three-dimensional model to obtain a numerical control programming language code for driving the fused deposition modeling 3D printer;
integrating two material extruders in a fused deposition modeling 3D printer to realize automatic switching of extrusion heads, printing two different materials in the manufacturing process, and printing a strain gauge substrate formed by the two materials according to a G-code command code generated in the step 2), wherein the basal disc part is printed by non-platable polycarbonate, and the sensitive grid substrate is printed by platable ABS plastic.
2. The hybrid 3D printing technology based metal foil strain gage design and manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein: and in the step 9), in the chemical plating, a metal or alloy layer is deposited on the surface of the sensitive gate substrate made of the platable plastic by applying a chemical plating process.
3. The hybrid 3D printing technology based metal foil strain gage design and manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 10) and the step 11): and 3D printing and slicing software is applied to slice the three-dimensional model of the protective layer to obtain a numerical control programming language code, and then a fused deposition modeling 3D printer is used for printing the protective layer on the surface of the sensitive grid to complete the manufacture of the metal foil type strain gauge.
4. The hybrid 3D printing technology based metal foil strain gage design and manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), 3D printing slicing software is applied to firstly combine and then slice the metal foil type strain gauge basal disc and the sensitive grid substrate model, and the protective layer is directly sliced in the step 10 to generate a numerical control programming language code for driving the fused deposition modeling 3D printer.
5. The hybrid 3D printing technology based metal foil strain gage design and manufacturing method as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the language code in the step 2) is in a G-code format, and each line of statements in the file are commands which can be understood by firmware of the 3D printer and control the 3D printer to manufacture a corresponding three-dimensional model.
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