CN109433898A - A kind of rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component and its superplastic forming method - Google Patents

A kind of rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component and its superplastic forming method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109433898A
CN109433898A CN201811140485.9A CN201811140485A CN109433898A CN 109433898 A CN109433898 A CN 109433898A CN 201811140485 A CN201811140485 A CN 201811140485A CN 109433898 A CN109433898 A CN 109433898A
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sheet metal
metal component
alloy sheet
aluminum alloy
rail traffic
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CN109433898B (en
Inventor
秦中环
李保永
李妍华
刘萍
张珊珊
刘奇
徐柄桐
刘伟
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Beijing Hangxing Technology Development Co Ltd
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Beijing Hangxing Technology Development Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/021Deforming sheet bodies
    • B21D26/031Mould construction
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/18Lubricating, e.g. lubricating tool and workpiece simultaneously
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61DBODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D17/00Construction details of vehicle bodies

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component and its superplastic forming methods, belong to accurate panel beating technical field, this method can shape the design of high, lightweight integral structure the rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component of special-shaped smooth surface, dimensional accuracy.Rail traffic aluminium alloy superplastic forming Sheet Metal Design method can design the special-shaped smooth surface more complicated than conventional cold stamping, while have higher dimensional precision and type face precision, and piece surface is brighter and cleaner.

Description

A kind of rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component and its superplastic forming method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component and its superplastic forming methods, belong to accurate panel beating Technical field, this method can shape the rail traffic aluminium alloy of special-shaped smooth surface, dimensional accuracy height, lightweight integral structure The design of sheet metal component.
Background technique
With Rail Transit System continuous development and become better and approaching perfection day by day, beautiful, environmental protection, high speed and energy conservation had become for the modern times Change the important symbol of rail traffic, also more stringent requirements are proposed to vehicle building block design and production method for this.Rail traffic Structural member mostly uses glass steel member, but Parts Made of Composite Glass elasticity modulus is low, and rigid deficiency is easily deformed, and long-term temperature tolerance is poor;? Easy aging under ultraviolet light, dust storm precipitation, mechanical stress effect, causes performance to decline;Since interlaminar shear strength is by resin It undertakes, so shear strength is very low;Heavier-weight, load performance are poor;It is difficult to degrade, it is non-recyclable and reusable.
Summary of the invention
Technology of the invention solves the problems, such as: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, proposes a kind of rail traffic aluminium alloy metal plate Golden part and its superplastic forming method.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
A kind of rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component, the aluminum alloy sheet metal component are a frame, which is surrounded by four faces, four Face is respectively left side, right side, front surface and rear surface, and left side, front surface, right side and rear surface are in turn connected to form One frame, left side, right side, front surface and rear surface are curved surface;The connecting portion of left side and front surface is rounding transition, The connecting portion of right side and rear surface is rounding transition, and the connecting portion of left side and bottom surface is rounding transition, right side and The connecting portion of front surface is rounding transition.
A kind of the step of superplastic forming method of rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component, this method includes:
(1) in the upper and lower surfaces of aluminium alloy plate brushing lubricant;The material of aluminium alloy plate be 5052 aluminium alloys, 5A06 aluminium alloy or 5083 aluminium alloys;The ingredient of lubricant includes graphite and water, and the volume ratio of graphite and water is 1:1-1.5, will Graphite and water are obtained lubricant after mixing;
(2) shaping dies is prepared, which includes the forming female die and top cover for aluminum alloy sheet metal component, and top cover has Cavity when the aluminium alloy plate in step (1) is placed into the bottom end of top cover, enables to the cavity of top cover to form confined space;Top With the through-hole for being inflated to cavity on the side wall of lid;
The material of forming female die and top cover is steel;Forming female die is a case type structures, including five faces, respectively left side Face, right side, front surface, rear surface and bottom surface, wherein the left side in forming female die is used for a left side for forming said alloy sheet metal component Side, the right side in forming female die are used for the right side of forming said alloy sheet metal component, the front surface in forming female die be used at The front surface of shape aluminum alloy sheet metal component, the left side in forming female die are used for the rear surface of forming said alloy sheet metal component, forming yin Left side in mould is used for the rear surface of forming said alloy sheet metal component;
(3) shaping dies obtained to step (2) heats, and heating temperature is 400-500 DEG C;
(4) by the bottom end of top cover in the upper surface fitting shaping dies of the aluminium alloy plate in step (1), make the cavity of top cover Form confined space;
(5) by the top of the lower surface fitting forming female die of aluminium alloy plate;
(6) to gas is passed through in the cavity of top cover, the pressure for being passed through gas is 1-4MPa;
(7) after aluminium alloy plate is bonded with five faces of forming female die, the blank of aluminum alloy sheet metal component is obtained;
(8) the blank bottom surface that excision step (7) obtains, obtains aluminum alloy sheet metal component.
Define a length of a of front surface in aluminum alloy sheet metal component, a length of b of left side, four curved surfaces of aluminum alloy sheet metal component Area and be S, aluminium alloy plate with a thickness of t;The radius of rounding is R;
It is required that: the length of aluminium alloy plate is not less than a, and the width of aluminium alloy plate is not less than b;
1≤a/b≤10,100≤a≤3500,100≤b≤2500;(a+b)/2000≤t≤(a+b)/1000 and 0.2≤t≤6;0.5≤a×b/S≤1;2≤R/t≤10.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1) four faces of rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component proposed by the present invention are curved surface, and rounding transition has smooth stream Smooth shape, windward side resistance is smaller, makes the rail traffic vehicles such as bullet train, subway, light rail speed faster, more energy saving;
(2) rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component and its superplastic forming method are used, single maximum part size can be prepared, Long 3500mm, wide 3500mm, thickness 6mm are an integral structure design, greatly reduce weld seam quantity;
(3) the superplastic forming method of rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component realizes that rail traffic is closed with aluminium in a heated state Golden sheet metal component forming, can shape the special-shaped smooth surface more complicated than conventional cold stamping, while have higher dimensional smart Degree and type face precision, piece surface are brighter and cleaner;
(4) 5052 aluminium alloys, 5A06 aluminium alloy or 5083 aluminium alloy shaping rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal components of the invention Lighter than original Parts Made of Composite Glass weight, load effect is more preferable;
(5) present invention keeps part forming rear surface more smooth using graphite aqueous solvent, and surface roughness is more preferable;
(6) the superplastic forming method of rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component shortens rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component technique stream Journey reduces rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component processing cost, realizes rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component high efficiency, high quality, low Cost manufacture.
(7) the rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component ratio of the superplastic forming method preparation of rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component makes With rail traffic Parts Made of Composite Glass is lighter, more energy efficient, more environmentally friendly, anti-flammability is more preferable.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of aluminum alloy sheet metal component in embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of top cover in shaping dies in embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of forming female die in shaping dies in embodiment;
Fig. 4 is to inflate forming structural schematic diagram to aluminium alloy plate in embodiment.
Specific embodiment
By taking certain typical orbit traffic aluminium alloy superplastic forming sheet metal component as an example, geomery is shown in that Fig. 1, part material are 5083 aluminium alloys, outer mold surface are special-shaped smooth surface, length 2800mm, width 1800mm, plate thickness 3mm, part Fillet is R12, and dimensional accuracy is ± 1mm, it is desirable that the part has compared with high bearing capacity, no-welding-seam, lightweight integral structure.
Specific embodiment is carried out by following processing step:
By as shown in Figure 1, rail traffic aluminium alloy superplastic forming Sheet Metal Design flow chart carries out.
Step 1 selects material category: according to rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component in processing cost, bearing capacity and complexity The requirement of degree etc. selects rail traffic aluminium alloy superplastic forming sheet metal component material category;The super modeling of rail traffic aluminium alloy It shapes there are three types of sheet metal component material categories, i.e. 5052 aluminium alloys, 5A06 aluminium alloy and 5083 aluminium alloys;Rail traffic aluminium alloy is super It is moulded into shape sheet metal component processing cost: 5052 aluminium alloys < 5A06 aluminium alloy < 5083 aluminium alloys;Rail traffic aluminium alloy superplastic forming Sheet metal component bearing capacity: 5052 aluminium alloys < 5083 aluminium alloys < 5A06 aluminium alloy;Processable rail traffic aluminium alloy superplastic forming Sheet metal component complexity: 5A06 aluminium alloy < 5052 aluminium alloys < 5083 aluminium alloys.Due to part comparison complexity, and require to have Higher bearing capacity, therefore, chosen material are 5083 aluminium alloys.
Design outline profile: step 2 requires designed path traffic according to rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component bearing capacity Aluminium alloy superplastic forming sheet metal component appearance profile size, the i.e. long a of rail traffic aluminium alloy superplastic forming sheet metal component and width b;This zero Part length a=2800, width b=1800mm, a/b=1.56 meet the long a of rail traffic aluminium alloy superplastic forming sheet metal component and width Relationship between b: 1≤a/b≤10,100≤a≤3500,100≤b≤2500.
Step 3 selects plate thickness: according to step 2 designed path traffic aluminium alloy superplastic forming sheet metal component shape wheel Wide size, the i.e. long a of rail traffic aluminium alloy superplastic forming sheet metal component and width b select rail traffic aluminium alloy superplastic forming metal plate Part raw material plate thickness t;Rail traffic aluminium alloy superplastic forming sheet metal component raw material plate thickness t and rail traffic aluminium alloy The long a of superplastic forming sheet metal component and width b have following relationship: (a+b)/2000≤t≤(a+b)/1000 and 0.2≤t≤6, i.e., (2800+1800)/2000≤t≤(2800+1800)/1000 and 0.2≤t≤6,2.3≤t≤4.6, in 2.3~4.6mm Between selection standard plate, finally choose t=3mm, as shown in Figure 3.
Step 4 designs curve form: according to step 2 designed path traffic aluminium alloy superplastic forming sheet metal component shape wheel Wide size, the i.e. long a of rail traffic aluminium alloy superplastic forming sheet metal component and width b, designed path traffic aluminium alloy superplastic forming metal plate Part appearance curved surface shape;Rail traffic aluminium alloy superplastic forming sheet metal component appearance curved surface shape is as shown in figure 4, rail traffic aluminium closes Golden superplastic forming sheet metal component appearance curved surface shape area S=6500mm2, a × b/S=2800 × 1800/6500=0.7 meets Rail traffic aluminium alloy superplastic forming sheet metal component appearance curved surface shape area S and rail traffic aluminium alloy superplastic forming sheet metal component are long Relationship between a and width b: 0.5≤a × b/S≤1.
Step 5, designs local fillet: selecting rail traffic aluminium alloy superplastic forming sheet metal component raw material according to step 2 Plate thickness, designed path traffic aluminium alloy superplastic forming sheet metal component part rounded corner ruler cun R, rail traffic aluminium alloy superplastic forming Sheet metal component part rounded corner ruler cun R has with step 2 selection rail traffic aluminium alloy superplastic forming sheet metal component raw material plate thickness t Following relationship: 2≤R/t≤10, i.e. 2≤R/3≤10,6≤R≤30, final R are chosen for 12mm.
Using rail traffic aluminium alloy superplastic forming Sheet Metal Design method than conventional cold stamping design method, can design More complicated special-shaped smooth surface, simultaneous type face precision are promoted to ± 1mm by ± 5mm out, and Part Surface Roughness is by Ra6.3 It is promoted to Ra3.2 or more;Cold stamping design is welded by four parts, and rail traffic aluminium alloy superplastic forming Sheet Metal Design For the design of lightweight integral structure, no-welding-seam reduces 3 procedure of rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component, reduces rail traffic aluminium Alloy sheet metal component processing cost 20%, processing efficiency promote 30% or more.In addition, using rail traffic aluminium alloy superplastic forming metal plate Golden part ratio is using rail traffic Parts Made of Composite Glass is lighter, more environmentally friendly, anti-flammability is more preferable.
Highly preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
By taking certain typical orbit traffic aluminium alloy superplastic forming sheet metal component as an example, geomery is shown in that Fig. 1, part material are 5083 aluminium alloys, outer mold surface are special-shaped smooth surface, length 2800mm, width 1800mm, plate thickness 3mm, part Fillet is R12, and dimensional accuracy is ± 1mm,
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component, which is a frame, and the frame is by four Face surrounds, and four faces are respectively left side, right side, front surface and rear surface, left side, front surface, right side and rear surface It is in turn connected to form a frame, left side, right side, front surface and rear surface are curved surface;The interconnecting piece of left side and front surface Position is rounding transition, and the connecting portion of right side and rear surface is rounding transition, and the connecting portion of left side and bottom surface is rounding The connecting portion of transition, right side and front surface is rounding transition.A length of a=2800mm of front surface in aluminum alloy sheet metal component, A length of b=1800mm of left side, the area of four curved surfaces of aluminum alloy sheet metal component and be S=6000000mm2, aluminium alloy plate With a thickness of t=3mm;The radius of rounding is R=12mm;It is required that: the length of aluminium alloy plate is not less than a, the width of aluminium alloy plate Not less than b;1≤a/b=1.56≤10,100≤a≤3500,100≤b≤2500;(a+b)/2000=2.3≤t=3≤(a + b)/1000=4.6 and 0.2≤t≤6;0.5≤a × b/S=0.84≤1;2≤R/t=4≤10.Dimensional accuracy be ± 1mm, it is desirable that the part has compared with high bearing capacity, no-welding-seam, lightweight integral structure.
A kind of the step of superplastic forming method of rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component, this method includes:
(1) in the upper and lower surfaces of aluminium alloy plate brushing lubricant;The material of aluminium alloy plate is the conjunction of 5083 aluminium Gold;
(2) shaping dies is prepared, which includes the forming female die 3 and top cover 1 for aluminum alloy sheet metal component, such as Fig. 2 With shown in Fig. 3, top cover 1 has cavity and enables to top cover 1 when the aluminium alloy plate 2 in step (1) is placed into the bottom end of top cover 1 Cavity formed confined space;With the through-hole for being inflated to cavity on the side wall of top cover 1;
The material of forming female die and top cover is steel;Forming female die is a case type structures, including five faces, respectively left side Face, right side, front surface, rear surface and bottom surface, wherein the left side in forming female die is used for a left side for forming said alloy sheet metal component Side, the right side in forming female die are used for the right side of forming said alloy sheet metal component, the front surface in forming female die be used at The front surface of shape aluminum alloy sheet metal component, the left side in forming female die are used for the rear surface of forming said alloy sheet metal component, forming yin Left side in mould is used for the rear surface of forming said alloy sheet metal component;
(3) shaping dies obtained to step (2) heats, and heating temperature is 450 DEG C;
(4) by the bottom end of top cover in the upper surface fitting shaping dies of the aluminium alloy plate in step (1), make the cavity of top cover Form confined space;
(5) by the top of the lower surface fitting forming female die of aluminium alloy plate;
(6) to gas is passed through in the cavity of top cover, the pressure for being passed through gas is 2MPa, as shown in Figure 4;
(7) after aluminium alloy plate is bonded with five faces of forming female die, the blank of aluminum alloy sheet metal component is obtained;
(8) the blank bottom surface that excision step (7) obtains, obtains aluminum alloy sheet metal component.
Define a length of a of front surface in aluminum alloy sheet metal component, a length of b of left side, four curved surfaces of aluminum alloy sheet metal component Area and be S, aluminium alloy plate with a thickness of t;The radius of rounding is R;
It is required that: the length of aluminium alloy plate is not less than a, and the width of aluminium alloy plate is not less than b;
1≤a/b≤10,100≤a≤3500,100≤b≤2500;(a+b)/2000≤t≤(a+b)/1000 and 0.2≤t≤6;0.5≤a×b/S≤1;2≤R/t≤10.
It is ± 0.8mm than the type face essence that technical conditions require that superplastic forming, which obtains aluminum alloy sheet metal component through measurement type face precision, Degree is that ± 1mm is more excellent;Originally the weight of Parts Made of Composite Glass is 310kg, and it is 219kg that superplastic forming, which obtains aluminum alloy sheet metal component weight, It is lighter than original Parts Made of Composite Glass by 29.4% that superplastic forming obtains aluminum alloy sheet metal component, tries according to GB/T228-2010 material during tensile It tests, originally Parts Made of Composite Glass tensile strength is 50MPa, and superplastic forming obtains aluminum alloy sheet metal component tensile strength in 270MPa or more, Load effect improves 5 times.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component, it is characterised in that: the aluminum alloy sheet metal component is a frame, and the frame is by four faces Surround, four faces are respectively left side, right side, front surface and rear surface, left side, front surface, right side and rear surface according to Secondary connection forms a frame, and left side, right side, front surface and rear surface are curved surface;The connecting portion of left side and front surface For rounding transition, the connecting portion of right side and rear surface is rounding transition, and the connecting portion of left side and bottom surface is rounding mistake It crosses, the connecting portion of right side and front surface is rounding transition.
2. a kind of rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: define aluminium alloy metal plate A length of a of front surface in part, a length of b of left side, the area of four curved surfaces of aluminum alloy sheet metal component and be S, aluminium alloy plate With a thickness of t;The radius of rounding is R;Then the length of aluminium alloy plate is not less than a, and the width of aluminium alloy plate is not less than b, and 1≤a/b≤ 10,100≤a≤3500,100≤b≤2500, (a+b)/2000≤t≤(a+b)/1000,0.2≤t≤6;0.5≤a×b/S ≤1;2≤R/t≤10.
3. a kind of superplastic forming method of rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component, it is characterised in that the step of this method includes:
(1) in the upper and lower surfaces of aluminium alloy plate brushing lubricant;
(2) shaping dies is prepared, which includes the forming female die and top cover for aluminum alloy sheet metal component, and top cover band is free Chamber;
(3) shaping dies obtained to step (2) heats;
(4) by the bottom end of top cover in the upper surface fitting shaping dies of the aluminium alloy plate in step (1);
(5) by the top of the lower surface fitting forming female die of aluminium alloy plate;
(6) to being passed through gas in the cavity of top cover;
(7) after aluminium alloy plate is bonded with five faces of forming female die, the blank of aluminum alloy sheet metal component is obtained;
(8) the blank bottom surface that excision step (7) obtains, obtains aluminum alloy sheet metal component.
4. a kind of superplastic forming method of rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: In the step (1), the material of aluminium alloy plate is 5052 aluminium alloys, 5A06 aluminium alloy or 5083 aluminium alloys.
5. a kind of superplastic forming method of rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: In the step (1), the ingredient of lubricant includes graphite and water, and the volume ratio of graphite and water is 1:1-1.5.
6. a kind of superplastic forming method of rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: In the step (2), when aluminium alloy plate is placed into the bottom end of top cover, the cavity of top cover is enabled to form confined space;Top With the through-hole for being inflated to cavity on the side wall of lid;The material of forming female die and top cover is steel.
7. a kind of superplastic forming method of rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: In the step (2), forming female die is a case type structures, including five faces, respectively left side, right side, front surface, after Surface and bottom surface, wherein the left side in forming female die is used for the left side of forming said alloy sheet metal component, the right side in forming female die Side is used for the right side of forming said alloy sheet metal component, and the front surface in forming female die is used for the preceding table of forming said alloy sheet metal component Face, the left side in forming female die are used for the rear surface of forming said alloy sheet metal component, and the left side in forming female die is for shaping The rear surface of aluminum alloy sheet metal component.
8. a kind of superplastic forming method of rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: In the step (3), the heating temperature of shaping dies is 400-500 DEG C.
9. a kind of superplastic forming method of rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: It is 1-4MPa to the pressure for being passed through gas in the cavity of top cover in the step (6).
10. a kind of superplastic forming method of rail traffic aluminum alloy sheet metal component according to claim 3, feature exist In: define a length of a of front surface in aluminum alloy sheet metal component, a length of b of left side, the area of four curved surfaces of aluminum alloy sheet metal component With for S, aluminium alloy plate with a thickness of t;The radius of rounding is R;Then the length of aluminium alloy plate is not less than a, the width of aluminium alloy plate Not less than b;1≤a/b≤10,100≤a≤3500,100≤b≤2500;(a+b)/2000≤t≤(a+b)/1000 and 0.2 ≤t≤6;0.5≤a×b/S≤1;2≤R/t≤10.
CN201811140485.9A 2018-09-28 2018-09-28 Aluminum alloy sheet metal component for track traffic Active CN109433898B (en)

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Cited By (1)

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CN111745030A (en) * 2020-06-30 2020-10-09 北京航星机器制造有限公司 Gas-expansion gas-quenching forming die and method for reinforced aluminum alloy near-conical thin-wall part

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CN103753119A (en) * 2013-12-09 2014-04-30 北京航星机器制造有限公司 Lightweight wall panel superplastic forming production method
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111745030A (en) * 2020-06-30 2020-10-09 北京航星机器制造有限公司 Gas-expansion gas-quenching forming die and method for reinforced aluminum alloy near-conical thin-wall part

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