CN109433200A - A kind of dust technology reduction low-load amount noble metal catalyst, preparation and application - Google Patents
A kind of dust technology reduction low-load amount noble metal catalyst, preparation and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN109433200A CN109433200A CN201811383700.8A CN201811383700A CN109433200A CN 109433200 A CN109433200 A CN 109433200A CN 201811383700 A CN201811383700 A CN 201811383700A CN 109433200 A CN109433200 A CN 109433200A
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- catalyst
- dust technology
- noble metal
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- auxiliary agent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/58—Platinum group metals with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C201/00—Preparation of esters of nitric or nitrous acid or of compounds containing nitro or nitroso groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C201/04—Preparation of esters of nitrous acid
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of dust technology reduction low-load amount noble metal catalyst, belongs to dust technology catalysis technical field.In terms of catalyst gross mass, the component including following mass fraction: active component 0.02%-0.25%, auxiliary agent 0.5%-5%, surplus are carrier;The active component is one of precious metals pd, Pt, Rh or a variety of, and the auxiliary agent is alkali metal element K or Na, and the carrier is active carbon.The present invention also provides the preparation methods of catalyst: 1) configuring auxiliary agent salting liquid and active component salt solution in proportion;2) by the builder salts solution loadings to absorbent charcoal carrier of configuration, after the completion of load, ready sample is obtained through drying, roasting;3) active component salt solution of configuration is loaded on ready sample, after the completion of load, obtains catalyst through drying, roasting.The load capacity of noble metal only accounts for 0.02%-0.25% in catalyst of the present invention, can effectively be catalyzed dust technology reduction while cost is reduced and generate nitrous acid ester, nitric acid conversion ratio reaches 90% or more, and nitrous acid ester selectively reaches 100%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to dust technology catalysis technical field, specially a kind of dust technology restores low-load amount precious metal catalyst
Agent, preparation and application.
Background technique
Ethylene glycol belongs to large chemical products, is important Organic Chemicals.China has coal resources abundant, adopts
It is rapidly developed through oxalate preparing ethylene glycol route in China with producing synthesis gas from coal.By in March, 2018, China gone into operation operation and
Coal (synthesis gas) preparing ethylene glycol (CTMEG) to succeed in the test run project totally 17 is formed and is amounted to 3,000,000 tons/year of ethylene glycol production capacities.In advance
Together with 17 projects gone into operation and succeeded in the test run, a total of about 13,500,000 tons/year of CTMEG production capacities are formed within meter 2022.In coal
In preparing ethylene glycol technology path, a large amount of by-product nitric acid can be generated during nitrous acid ester regenerative response, the concentration of nitric acid is big
It is generally 2wt% or so, the main methods in industry are that the NaOH of addition stoichiometry is neutralized at present, then will be containing a large amount of
The waste liquid direct emission of sodium nitrate, environmentally friendly cost are larger.Therefore, the processing of acid-bearing wastewater is becoming always coal-ethylene glycol project just
The a great problem often run.
Patent (EP, 1346976A1) is proposed by NO and HNO3The method for producing nitrous acid ester is reacted with the mixed solution of alcohol
(square formula 1).NO can be reacted with dust technology, alkylol generates nitrous acid ester, and nitrous acid ester is during coal-ethylene glycol
Intermediate material, this is an effective way.But concentration of nitric acid is too low, which occurs more difficult.Coal-ethylene glycol work
In skill, there is the generation of 2wt% dust technology in the kettle liquid of regenerative response, the concentration of nitric acid is lower, limits the conversion of nitric acid.There is document
Using noble metal catalysts such as 3.5wt%Pd or Pt in report, it can effectively be catalyzed dust technology reduction reaction and generate nitrous acid ester,
But noble-metal-supported amount is excessively high, catalyst higher cost;The palladium of 0.2-2% is used in patent (CN106565494A) report to live
Property component, 0-10% iron or titanium are auxiliary agent, and the catalyst of preparation can effectively be catalyzed dust technology reduction, and the load capacity of noble metal has
It is reduced.
2NO+HNO3+ 3ROH=3RONO+2H2O (1)
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of dust technology reduction low-load amount noble metal catalyst, preparation and applications.This
Invention catalyst noble metal load capacity is low, catalyst cost can be effectively reduced, while catalyst of the present invention can be effectively catalyzed
Dust technology reduction reaction generates nitrous acid ester, and does not generate other by-products, has excellent conversion ratio and selectivity.The present invention
Purpose is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of dust technology reduction low-load amount noble metal catalyst, in terms of catalyst gross mass, including following mass fraction
Component: active component 0.02%-0.25%, auxiliary agent 0.5%-5%, surplus are carrier;Wherein, your gold is the active component be
Belong to one of Pd, Pt, Rh or a variety of, the auxiliary agent is alkali metal element K or Na, and the carrier is active carbon.
In catalyst of the present invention, the content of active component noble metal has important shadow to the activity and production cost of catalyst
It rings, the active sites that can be provided when bullion content is too low are not sufficient enough, and content higher cost increases, and therefore, reduce its load
While amount, catalyst activity need to be kept unattenuated.Since absorbent charcoal carrier surface functional group is complicated, add alkali metal K or
Na can increase the amount of alkaline function, can be improved catalyst to the adsorbance of NO gas, be conducive to the mass transfer reaction of NO, from
And guarantee the high activity of catalyst while reducing active component bullion content.
Further, in terms of catalyst gross mass, the active component is 0.05%-0.2%, preferably 0.1-0.15%;
The auxiliary agent is 1%-4%, preferably 2%-3%.
Further, active carbon particle of the active carbon between 14 mesh~20 mesh.
A kind of preparation method of dust technology reduction low-load amount noble metal catalyst, comprising the following steps:
1) auxiliary agent salting liquid and active component salt solution are configured in proportion;
2) it by the builder salts solution loadings to absorbent charcoal carrier of configuration, after the completion of load, is obtained through drying, roasting spare
Sample;
3) active component salt solution of configuration is loaded on ready sample, after the completion of load, is urged through drying, roasting
Agent.
Further, in step 2) and step 3), the drying temperature is 50~150 DEG C, drying time is 4~for 24 hours;Roasting
Temperature is 150~500 DEG C, and calcining time is 1~4h.
Further, when loading auxiliary agent and active component using infusion process, auxiliary agent and active component can separately be impregnated,
Auxiliary agent and active component can be impregnated together.Further, when auxiliary agent and active component separately being impregnated, first impregnation aids are answered
Active component is impregnated again.
When further, using infusion process load active component, for different types of active component, can with step impregnation,
It can also be impregnated with a step.
Further, the roasting need to use inert gas shielding, inert gas be one of helium, nitrogen, argon gas or
It is a variety of.Active carbon can react at high temperature with oxygen generates carbon dioxide, therefore need to use inert gas shielding in roasting.
A kind of application of dust technology reduction low-load amount noble metal catalyst, the catalyst are anti-in catalysis dust technology reduction
The application in nitrous acid ester should be generated.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
The present invention provides a kind of dust technology reduction low-load amount noble metal catalyst, and the load capacity of noble metal is only in catalyst
The 0.02%-0.25% for accounting for catalyst gross mass, is effectively reduced catalyst production cost.Meanwhile catalyst of the present invention can have
Effect catalysis dust technology reduction reaction generates nitrous acid ester, and nitric acid conversion ratio reaches 90% or more, and nitrous acid ester selectively reaches
100%.Catalyst of the present invention adaptability in the reaction system of different alcohol is good, and catalyst stability is good, and preparation method is simply easy
It promotes.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
0.259g potassium nitrate solid is taken, 5.5g deionized water is added, is made into auxiliary agent maceration extract;Then take 14 mesh of 5g to 20 mesh
Between active carbon particle, incipient impregnation 4h, then in 100 DEG C of dry 12h, N2Lower 200 DEG C of calcinings 3h is protected, is obtained
2wt%K/AC ready sample.
Taking 1.6ml palladium nitrate solution (Pd content 4.688mg/mL) plus deionized water to mixed solution gross mass is 5.5g,
It is configured to activity component impregnation liquid, takes the above-mentioned K/AC prepared, incipient impregnation 4h, then 100 DEG C of dry 12h, N2Protection
Lower 300 DEG C of burnings 3h obtains Pd-K/AC catalyst, and the load capacity that the load capacity of Pd is 0.15%, K is 2%, remembers catalyst A.
Embodiment 2
Using the method for embodiment 1 into, 0.259 potassium nitrate being changed to 0.370 sodium nitrate, the mass content of Na is 2%,
It is remained unchanged, and obtains Pd-Na/AC catalyst, the load capacity that the load capacity of Pd is 0.15%, Na is 2%, is denoted as catalyst B.
Embodiment 3
Using the method for embodiment 1, change the amount of palladium nitrate solution, it is other to remain unchanged, 0.53mL and 2.7mL are taken respectively
Palladium nitrate solution (Pd content 4.688mg/mL), the load capacity that auxiliary agent K is respectively prepared all is 2%, and the negative Pd load capacity of noble metal
Respectively 0.05%, 0.25% catalyst is denoted as catalyst C, catalyst D.
Embodiment 4
Using the method for embodiment 1, change the amount of potassium nitrate, takes 0.129g and 0.518g potassium nitrate solid, other holdings
Constant, it is 0.15% that the negative Pd load capacity of noble metal, which is respectively prepared, and the load capacity of auxiliary agent K is the catalysis for being respectively 1% and 4%
Agent is denoted as catalyst E, catalyst F.
Embodiment 5
Using the method for embodiment 1,2wt%K/AC ready sample is obtained.
1.4mL platinum acid chloride solution (Pt content 5.357mg/mL) is taken, adding deionized water to mixed solution gross mass is 5.5g,
It is configured to maceration extract, takes the K/AC sample prepared, incipient impregnation 4h, then 100 DEG C of dry 12h, N2Protect lower 300 DEG C of burnings
3h obtains Pt-K/AC catalyst, and the load capacity that the load capacity of Pt is 0.15%, K is 2%, remembers catalyst G.
Embodiment 6
Using the method for embodiment 1,2wt%K/AC ready sample is obtained.
1.1mL rhodium chloride solution (Rh content 6.818mg/mL) is taken, adds deionized water to the mixed solution gross mass to be
5.5g is configured to maceration extract, takes the K/AC sample prepared, incipient impregnation 4h, then 100 DEG C of dry 12h, N2Under protection
300 DEG C of burning 3h obtain Pt-K/AC catalyst, and the load capacity that the load capacity of Pt is 0.15%, K is 2%, remember catalyst H.
Embodiment 7
1.6ml palladium nitrate solution (Pd content 4.688mg/mL) is taken, adding deionized water to mixed solution gross mass is 5.5g,
0.259g potassium nitrate solid is added, the mixed solution of active component and auxiliary agent is made into, impregnates 4h, then 100 DEG C of dry 12h,
N2Lower 300 DEG C of burnings 3h is protected, Pd-K/AC catalyst is obtained, the load capacity that the load capacity of Pt is 0.15%, K is 2%, note catalysis
Agent I.
Embodiment 8
Using the method for embodiment 1,2wt%K/AC ready sample is obtained.
Take 1.5mL palladium nitrate solution (Pd content 4.688mg/mL) and 1.3mL rhodium chloride solution (Rh content 6.818mg/
ML) in beaker, adding deionized water to mixed solution gross mass is 5.5g, is configured to maceration extract, takes the K/AC sample prepared,
Incipient impregnation 4h, then 100 DEG C of dry 12h, N2Lower 300 DEG C of burnings 3h is protected, obtains Pt-Rh-K/AC catalyst, Pt and Rh are total
Load capacity is 0.15%, wherein Pd and Rh molar ratio is 10:1, and the load capacity of K is 2%, remembers catalyst J.
Embodiment 9
Using the method for embodiment 1,2wt%K/AC ready sample is obtained.
Take 0.63mL palladium nitrate solution (Pd content 4.688mg/mL) and 0.76mL platinum acid chloride solution (Pt content 5.357mg/
ML) and 0.73mL rhodium chloride solution (Rh content 0.593mg/mL) is in beaker, adds deionized water to mixed solution gross mass
For 5.5g, it is configured to maceration extract, takes the K/AC sample prepared, incipient impregnation 4h, then 100 DEG C of dry 12h, under N2 protection
300 DEG C of burning 3h obtain Pd-Pt-Rh-K/AC catalyst, and the molar ratio of noble metal total load amount 0.15%, Pd, Pt and Rh is 20:
The load capacity of 15:3, K are 2%, remember catalyst K.
Comparative example 1
Taking 1.6ml palladium nitrate solution (Pd content 4.688mg/mL) plus deionized water to mixed solution gross mass is 5.5g,
It is configured to activity component impregnation liquid, goes 14 mesh to the active carbon particle between 20 mesh, incipient impregnation 4h, then 100 DEG C of dryings
12h, N2Lower 300 DEG C of burnings 3h is protected, Pd/AC catalyst is obtained, the load capacity of Pd is 0.15%, remembers catalyst L.
The catalyst A-J of preparation is used to be catalyzed dilute nitric acid reaction and generates nitrous acid ester.Nitrate reductase is reacted in fixed bed
It is carried out in reactor, tube inner diameter 1.2cm, loaded catalyst 3g, the glass of catalyst upper section and lower end loading size 3mm
Glass pearl is uniformly distributed for gas.Before reaction, H is first used2Then gas reduces temperature to 70 DEG C in 250 DEG C of reduction 4h, reaction pressure
Power is controlled in 0.3Mpa, and liquid feed rate is 0.1ml/min (ethanol water that reaction solution is 2wt% nitric acid 74%), gas
Flow velocity 100ml/min (NO volume content be 10% remaining be nitrogen) is reacted, after reacting a period of time, after collecting reaction
Liquid carries out Acid and Alkali Titration Analysis to the liquid phase after reaction, measures the concentration of nitric acid in solution, and calculates nitric acid conversion ratio;With
The content of each substance in gas chromatographic analysis tail gas gas phase and liquid phase, and the selectivity of nitrous acid ester is calculated, acquired results are shown in Table
1。
Nitric acid is catalyzed reduction experiment result in 1 ethyl alcohol of table
Number | Catalyst | Nitric acid conversion ratio | Nitrous ether (ethyl nitrite) selectivity |
1 | A | 93.0% | 100% |
2 | B | 90.2% | 100% |
3 | C | 89.2% | 100% |
4 | D | 93.3% | 100% |
5 | E | 87.8% | 100% |
6 | F | 92.7% | 100% |
7 | G | 91.1% | 100% |
8 | H | 89.7% | 100% |
9 | I | 90.8% | 100% |
10 | J | 91.5% | 100% |
11 | K | 91.8% | 100% |
12 | L | 79.4% | 100% |
The noble metal catalyst that 1 experimental result of table can be seen that prepared low-load amount is raw to catalysis dilute nitric acid reaction
Have the effect of at nitrous acid ester excellent, nitric acid conversion ratio can reach 90% or more, and the selectivity of nitrous ether (ethyl nitrite) reaches
100%.Wherein, the catalyst of auxiliary agent K or Na preparation is not added, and catalytic effect is general, and nitric acid conversion ratio only reaches
79.4%, after adding alkali metal, the conversion ratio of nitric acid can be effectively improved, and nitric acid conversion ratio reaches 90% or more.
In the case where guaranteeing that other conditions are constant, the methanol that above-mentioned reaction solution is changed to 2wt% nitric acid 74% is water-soluble
Liquid, reaction temperature are 75 DEG C, and the experimental result of part of detecting catalyst is as shown in table 2.
Nitric acid is catalyzed reduction experiment result in 2 methanol of table
Number | Catalyst | Nitric acid conversion ratio | Methyl nitrite selectivity |
1 | A | 90.9% | 100% |
2 | L | 60.1% | 100% |
From 2 experimental result of table it is found that carrying out dust technology catalysis reduction using methanol system generates methyl nitrite, reaction knot
Fruit is similar to ethanol system reaction result.Catalyst B-K can reach the identical effect of catalyst A in methanol system.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, all in spirit of the invention not to limit the present invention
With any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within principle etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of dust technology restores low-load amount noble metal catalyst, which is characterized in that in terms of catalyst gross mass, including it is following
The component of mass fraction: active component 0.02%-0.25%, auxiliary agent 0.5%-5%, surplus are carrier;Wherein, the active group
It is divided into one of precious metals pd, Pt, Rh or a variety of, the auxiliary agent is alkali metal element K or Na, and the carrier is active carbon.
2. a kind of dust technology restores low-load amount noble metal catalyst as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that total with catalyst
Quality meter, the active component are 0.05%-0.2%, preferably 0.1-0.15%;The auxiliary agent is 1%-4%, preferably
2%-3%.
3. a kind of dust technology restores low-load amount noble metal catalyst as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the active carbon
For the active carbon particle between 14 mesh~20 mesh.
4. a kind of preparation method of dust technology reduction low-load amount noble metal catalyst as described in any one of claims 1 to 3,
It is characterized in that, comprising the following steps:
1) auxiliary agent salting liquid and active component salt solution are configured in proportion;
2) by the builder salts solution loadings to absorbent charcoal carrier of configuration, after the completion of load, spare sample is obtained through drying, roasting
Product;
3) active component salt solution of configuration is loaded on ready sample, after the completion of load, is catalyzed through drying, roasting
Agent.
5. a kind of preparation method of dust technology reduction low-load amount noble metal catalyst as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that
In step 2) and step 3), the drying temperature be 50~150 DEG C, drying time be 4~for 24 hours;Maturing temperature is 150~500
DEG C, calcining time is 1~4h.
6. a kind of preparation method of dust technology reduction low-load amount noble metal catalyst as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that
When loading auxiliary agent and active component using infusion process, auxiliary agent and active component can separately be impregnated, it can also be by auxiliary agent and work
Property component impregnates together.
7. a kind of preparation method of dust technology reduction low-load amount noble metal catalyst as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that
When auxiliary agent and active component are separately impregnated, first impregnation aids is answered to impregnate active component again.
8. a kind of preparation method of dust technology reduction low-load amount noble metal catalyst as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that
When using infusion process load active component, for different types of active component, it can also be impregnated with step impregnation with a step.
9. a kind of preparation method of dust technology reduction low-load amount noble metal catalyst as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that
The roasting need to use inert gas shielding, and inert gas is one of helium, nitrogen, argon gas or a variety of.
10. a kind of application of dust technology reduction low-load amount noble metal catalyst, special as described in any one of claims 1 to 3
Sign is that the catalyst generates the application in nitrous acid ester in catalysis dust technology reduction reaction.
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CN110013873A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-07-16 | 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 | Catalytic decomposition nitrate, the catalyst of nitrite or dust technology and its preparation and application |
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