CN109429604A - 一种洋葱种植方法 - Google Patents

一种洋葱种植方法 Download PDF

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CN109429604A
CN109429604A CN201811260983.7A CN201811260983A CN109429604A CN 109429604 A CN109429604 A CN 109429604A CN 201811260983 A CN201811260983 A CN 201811260983A CN 109429604 A CN109429604 A CN 109429604A
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傅明尧
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种洋葱的种植方法，是由A、翻地；B、育种；C、定植；D、管理；E、施肥；F、采收；本发明种植方法，在种植原料选择上以及工艺方法上均为安全无污染，同时符合洋葱的生长规律，既满足洋葱生长对各类养分的需求，又避免了过量使用肥料带来的资源浪费和土地破坏，绿色环保；提高了洋葱成活率，增强了种植洋葱的效益，使洋葱的抗病性和成活率能力增强，达到高产优质的目的，具有较大的推广价值。

Description

一种洋葱种植方法
技术领域
本发明涉及洋葱栽培技术领域，具体涉及一种洋葱种植方法。。
背景技术
洋葱别名球葱、圆葱、玉葱、葱头、荷兰葱、皮牙子等，百合科、葱属二年生草本植物。洋葱含有前列腺素A，能降低外周血管阻力，降低血黏度，可用于降低血压、提神醒脑、缓解压力、预防感冒。此外，洋葱还能清除体内氧自由基，增强新陈代谢能力，抗衰老，预防骨质疏松，是适合中老年人的保健食物。
发明内容
本发明目的在于解决上述问题，提供了一种洋葱种植方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种洋葱种植方法，包括以下步骤：
一种洋葱的种植方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
A、翻地：先将地面翻耕整细、锄松，在翻耕以后的土地上进行整地施肥，施肥使用施磷肥或菜饼，施肥以后并浇水，浇水以后在翻耕以后的土上，覆盖一层细沙或细土；
B、育种：经过晒种、选种的黄皮洋葱种子置于38-57℃的温水中搅拌35-43min，然后置于清水中浸泡，直到吸水量达到种子本身重量的42-53％时捞出，再投入到浸种液中进行超声振荡浸种，超声振荡浸种时间为43-65min，超声振荡的功率为220-430W，所述浸种液由以下重量百分含量的成分组成：赤霉素0.03-0.07％、ABT-生根粉0.05-0.15％、三十烷醇25-33ppm、磷酸钾0.15-0.76％、硫酸锌0.8-2.5％、海藻素1-2.5％、芸苔素2-3％、萘乙酸60-80ppm、嘧菌酯8-12ppm、余量为水，捞出清水洗净；将黄皮洋葱种子用纱布包好，放入冰箱中于1-5℃冷藏10-15h后取出，再迅速放入32-45℃的温水中浸泡4-8h，捞出，再次冷藏，如此反复三次后，捞出将种子阴干，在容器内加入高吸水树脂和水，待高吸水树脂将水完全吸收后，将种子放在高吸水树脂上，在种子上覆盖一层稻草，将容器放入电磁场中等待发芽，3-4d后即可出芽。
C、定植：定植前1～2天，将苗床浇透水，留苗高8-12厘米，并将大、小苗分级起苗，定植时，按株距10-12厘米将大小一致的葱苗排在定植沟内，尽量使葱叶着生方向与行向垂直，定植根深8-13厘米，然后覆土，以埋没鳞茎、露出葱心为度，栽植后浇清水粪，使葱根与土壤密接；
D、管理：苗期要进行3～4次，结合每次浇水后进行；茎叶生长期进行2～3次；在花球形成前，从花苞的下部剪除，或从花薹尖端分开，从上而下一撕两片，同时适时喷洒地果壮蒂灵；
E、施肥：每亩需氮12～15kg、磷10～12kg、钾12～14kg，与土充分混合，整细、锄松；在叶生长盛期及鳞茎膨大期，每亩分别追施过磷酸钙17～23kg，硫酸钾4～5kg；
F、采收：当洋葱叶片由下而上逐渐开始变黄，假茎变软并开始倒状；鳞茎停止膨大，外皮革质，进入休眠阶段，即可分批采收；采收前7～8天要停止浇水，洋葱采收后要在田间晾晒2～3天。
进一步的方案，所述步骤(B)中高吸水树脂和水的质量比为1:10-20。
进一步的方案，所述步骤(B)中发芽温度为25-35℃。具体实施方式
为使本发明技术方案更具体，更易于明白，以下结合具体实施例为本发明作进一步的说明，但并不是多本发明的限定。
实施例1
A、翻地：先将地面翻耕整细、锄松，在翻耕以后的土地上进行整地施肥，施肥使用施磷肥或菜饼，施肥以后并浇水，浇水以后在翻耕以后的土上，覆盖一层细沙或细土；
B、育种：经过晒种、选种的黄皮洋葱种子置于38-57℃的温水中搅拌35-43min，然后置于清水中浸泡，直到吸水量达到种子本身重量的42-53％时捞出，再投入到浸种液中进行超声振荡浸种，超声振荡浸种时间为43-65min，超声振荡的功率为220-430W，所述浸种液由以下重量百分含量的成分组成：赤霉素0.03-0.07％、ABT-生根粉0.05-0.15％、三十烷醇25-33ppm、磷酸钾0.15-0.76％、硫酸锌0.8-2.5％、海藻素1-2.5％、芸苔素2-3％、萘乙酸60-80ppm、嘧菌酯8-12ppm、余量为水，捞出清水洗净；将黄皮洋葱种子用纱布包好，放入冰箱中于1-5℃冷藏10-15h后取出，再迅速放入32-45℃的温水中浸泡4-8h，捞出，再次冷藏，如此反复三次后，捞出将种子阴干，在容器内加入高吸水树脂和水，待高吸水树脂将水完全吸收后，将种子放在高吸水树脂上，在种子上覆盖一层稻草，将容器放入电磁场中等待发芽，3-4d后即可出芽。
C、定植：定植前1～2天，将苗床浇透水，留苗高8-12厘米，并将大、小苗分级起苗，定植时，按株距10-12厘米将大小一致的葱苗排在定植沟内，尽量使葱叶着生方向与行向垂直，定植根深8-13厘米，然后覆土，以埋没鳞茎、露出葱心为度，栽植后浇清水粪，使葱根与土壤密接；
D、管理：苗期要进行3～4次，结合每次浇水后进行；茎叶生长期进行2～3次；在花球形成前，从花苞的下部剪除，或从花薹尖端分开，从上而下一撕两片，同时适时喷洒地果壮蒂灵；
E、施肥：每亩需氮11～15kg、磷8～12kg、钾12～14kg，与土充分混合，整细、锄松；在叶生长盛期及鳞茎膨大期，每亩分别追施过磷酸钙17～23kg，硫酸钾4～5kg；
F、采收：当洋葱叶片由下而上逐渐开始变黄，假茎变软并开始倒状；鳞茎停止膨大，外皮革质，进入休眠阶段，即可分批采收；采收前7～8天要停止浇水，洋葱采收后要在田间晾晒2～3天。
进一步的方案，所述步骤(B)中高吸水树脂和水的质量比为1:12-22。
进一步的方案，所述步骤(B)中发芽温度为25-35℃。具体实施方式
实施例2
一种洋葱的种植方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
A、种子选择：选择无机械损伤、无病虫害、耐旱抗病的成熟洋葱种子备用；
B、种子处理：浸种处理：先将洋葱种子在太阳下晾晒，使得种子内水分重量百分比在15％～35％，再采用浸种剂浸种4～5小时，将种皮外粘液搓洗干净，用干净的纱布或湿毛巾包裹种子，在22～29℃环境下催芽，当35％种子胚外露时即可播种；
C、整地：选择好地块后深翻，施入基肥；所述基肥为家禽粪便380～450kg/亩、缓释颗粒肥料210～280kg/亩、土壤调理剂85～100kg/亩；酸碱度在5.0～6.5的土壤；
D、催芽：将步骤(B)处理后的种子放入到催芽箱内进行催芽处理，15～18h后取出备用；
E、育苗土配制：将腐熟圈肥和大田熟土按照重量比1:2进行混合，消毒处理后制成育苗土备用；
F、定植：株距25～38厘米，行距60～75厘米；定植后浇稀粪水，以利发根，提早成活；
G、追肥：移栽苗成活后，亩施尿素8.3～9千克，以后每6～8天追肥一次，以供植株生长需要，追肥在两株之间穴施，施肥后及时通风。
进一步的方案，所述的缓释颗粒肥料主要由下列重量份的原料制成：白云石钙粉18～32份、硫酸铵13～26份、硝酸钠11～22份、氯化钾15～30份、硫酸钠20～25份、磷酸钙20～35份、鱼骨粉23～26份。
进一步的方案，所述的土壤调理剂主要由下列重量份的原料制成：珍珠岩粉2～3份、椰壳粉碎物1～3份、黄腐酸铁3～4份、黄腐酸锰2～4份、黄腐酸钙2～4份、丝瓜络55～68份、麦饭石粉12～17份。
对比例1：与实施例1区别仅在于所述步骤(G)中肥料改为清水粪
从表中四组结果对照，可以看出，本发明提供的种植方法与传统种植方法相比，成活率，亩产量显著提高。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (3)

1.一种洋葱的种植方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
A、翻地：先将地面翻耕整细、锄松，在翻耕以后的土地上进行整地施肥，施肥使用施磷肥或菜饼，施肥以后并浇水，浇水以后在翻耕以后的土上，覆盖一层细沙或细土；
B、育种：经过晒种、选种的黄皮洋葱种子置于38-57℃的温水中搅拌35-43min，然后置于清水中浸泡，直到吸水量达到种子本身重量的42-53％时捞出，再投入到浸种液中进行超声振荡浸种，超声振荡浸种时间为43-65min，超声振荡的功率为220-430W，所述浸种液由以下重量百分含量的成分组成：赤霉素0.03-0.07％、ABT-生根粉0.05-0.15％、三十烷醇25-33ppm、磷酸钾0.15-0.76％、硫酸锌0.8-2.5％、海藻素1-2.5％、芸苔素2-3％、萘乙酸60-80ppm、嘧菌酯8-12ppm、余量为水，捞出清水洗净；将黄皮洋葱种子用纱布包好，放入冰箱中于1-5℃冷藏10-15h后取出，再迅速放入32-45℃的温水中浸泡4-8h，捞出，再次冷藏，如此反复三次后，捞出将种子阴干，在容器内加入高吸水树脂和水，待高吸水树脂将水完全吸收后，将种子放在高吸水树脂上，在种子上覆盖一层稻草，将容器放入电磁场中等待发芽，3-4d后即可出芽。
C、定植：定植前1～2天，将苗床浇透水，留苗高8-12厘米，并将大、小苗分级起苗，定植时，按株距10-12厘米将大小一致的葱苗排在定植沟内，尽量使葱叶着生方向与行向垂直，定植根深8-13厘米，然后覆土，以埋没鳞茎、露出葱心为度，栽植后浇清水粪，使葱根与土壤密接；
D、管理：苗期要进行3～4次，结合每次浇水后进行；茎叶生长期进行2～3次；在花球形成前，从花苞的下部剪除，或从花薹尖端分开，从上而下一撕两片，同时适时喷洒地果壮蒂灵；
E、施肥：每亩需氮12～15kg、磷10～12kg、钾12～14kg，与土充分混合，整细、锄松；在叶生长盛期及鳞茎膨大期，每亩分别追施过磷酸钙17～23kg，硫酸钾4～5kg；
F、采收：当洋葱叶片由下而上逐渐开始变黄，假茎变软并开始倒状；鳞茎停止膨大，外皮革质，进入休眠阶段，即可分批采收；采收前7～8天要停止浇水，洋葱采收后要在田间晾晒2～3天。
2.根据权利要求1所述的洋葱种植方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(B)中高吸水树脂和水的质量比为1:10-20。
3.根据权利要求1所述的洋葱种植方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(B)中发芽温度为25-35℃。
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110771302A (zh) * 2019-10-25 2020-02-11 青海省农林科学院 一种快速促进打破休眠后的菊芋块茎发芽的方法
CN112243631A (zh) * 2020-09-14 2021-01-22 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 一种快速打破绿花百合籽鳞茎休眠的方法

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110771302A (zh) * 2019-10-25 2020-02-11 青海省农林科学院 一种快速促进打破休眠后的菊芋块茎发芽的方法
CN112243631A (zh) * 2020-09-14 2021-01-22 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 一种快速打破绿花百合籽鳞茎休眠的方法

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