CN109425888B - Methane concentration precursor information extraction method for earthquake monitoring - Google Patents
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 154
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010015535 Euphoric mood Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002743 euphoric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000611 regression analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/01—Measuring or predicting earthquakes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a methane concentration abnormal information extraction algorithm for earthquake monitoring, which comprises the following steps: step 1) selecting a research area and determining the applicability of a gradient anomaly extraction method; step 2), extracting methane concentration profile change information; step 3), identifying the abnormal structural features of methane emission; step 4) calculating the vertical gradient of the concentration variation of each pixel methane in the research area; and 5) analyzing abnormal high values and predicting dangerous areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for extracting methane concentration precursor information, in particular to a method for extracting earthquake precursor methane concentration abnormity by utilizing the vertical gradient of the methane concentration of an atmospheric bottom layer, which has a reference value for judging earthquake abnormity precursor information.
Background
China is the most serious country of inland earthquake in the world, the earthquake activity frequency is high, the intensity is high, the distribution is wide, and the strengthening of earthquake scientific research is very important. The satellite remote sensing can detect the change of large-range continuous earth surface and atmospheric physical parameters, provides a new way for the short-term earthquake prediction, and becomes an indispensable technical means in the earthquake prediction research. As an important fault gas, abnormal emission of methane has been confirmed by a number of seismological studies. The research method mainly comprises a visual decoding method, a background field difference method, a K index method, wavelet decomposition and the like. Wherein:
visual interpretation: analyzing the methane volume ratio concentration field of a certain layer of the atmosphere,
background field difference method: and (3) aiming at the methane concentration field of a certain time sequence before the earthquake, taking the methane concentration field in a certain calm period before the earthquake as a background field, taking the difference value of the methane concentration field and the methane concentration field as the change condition of the methane concentration before the earthquake, analyzing the space-time evolution characteristics of the change field, and identifying the abnormal information of the methane concentration before the earthquake.
K-index method: the mean value of the brightness temperature of the same period of the past year is taken as a background field, and the standard deviation of the concentration of the methane column of the same period of the past year is taken as a judgment index. And taking the ratio of the difference value and the standard deviation of the methane column concentration of a certain time sequence before the earthquake to the background field as a K index, and representing the abnormal amplitude by the size of the K index.
Wavelet transform power spectroscopy: by means of wavelet transformation, non-earthquake influence factors such as annual change information, quarterly change information and noise information are removed, and further the methane concentration change condition possibly related to a geological structure is extracted, so that the evolution law of the methane concentration field related to earthquakes is recognized.
At present, the horizontal scale distribution characteristics such as gas column concentration are mainly analyzed based on the pre-earthquake gas concentration abnormal information of satellite remote sensing data at home and abroad, the study on the rule of the vertical structure of the pre-earthquake gas concentration is little, and a study method for extracting the three-dimensional abnormal distribution information of the pre-earthquake gas concentration is lacked.
In view of the above problems, the invention mainly focuses on the accurate extraction of the methane concentration abnormality before earthquake based on the vertical concentration gradient, and provides a new feasible method for the analysis of the methane concentration abnormality before earthquake.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a day-by-day bright temperature anomaly regression analysis method based on the wide application of thermal infrared remote sensing in earthquake anomaly detection.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical steps:
step 1) selecting a research area and determining the applicability of a gradient anomaly extraction method;
step 2), extracting methane concentration profile change information;
step 3), identifying the abnormal structural features of methane emission;
step 4) calculating the vertical gradient of the concentration variation of each pixel methane in the research area;
and 5) analyzing abnormal high values and predicting dangerous areas.
The specific method of the step 1) comprises the following steps: a) selecting a research area; b) briefly analyzing the elevation gradient of the research area; c) and preliminarily determining the regional applicability of the anomaly extraction method from the aspect of the terrain background.
Further, the specific method of step 2) is as follows: a) extracting the abnormal information of the concentration of the methane profile in the dangerous area based on a background field difference method:
wherein, VCH4(l,m,n)The methane concentration of the atmosphere of the layer I in the period of m for n years in the research area; mu.s(l,m,y)Is a methane concentration background value of the atmosphere of the layer I in the period m of the research area y year; d (l, m, y) is used as the methane concentration change value of the l layer in the period of m in y years in the research area.
Further, the specific method of step 3) is as follows: a) analyzing the background value profile concentration distribution of the image element methane in the dangerous area; b) identifying abnormal structural features of the ground source methane emission. Further, the specific method of the step 4) is as follows: a) based on the step 3), calculating background removal values of all pixel methane concentration profiles of the construction area; b) calculating the vertical gradient of the variation of each time methane concentration profile of each pixel in a time period;
G(i,y)＝[D(lmin,i,y)-D(lmin+1,i,y)]/[P(lmin)-P(lmin+1)]
d (l, i, y) is the methane concentration change information of the i layer in the y year and i period of the epicenter region obtained by calculation of the formula (2), lmin represents a pixel atmospheric bottom layer, and lmin +1 represents an upward adjacent layer of the atmospheric bottom layer. Then, D(lmin,i,y)And (4) representing the methane concentration change information of the atmospheric bottom layer in the y year i period of the earthquake area. P(lmin)Represents the atmospheric pressure of the bottom layer of the atmosphere, G(i,y)The information is the vertical gradient change information of the atmospheric bottom methane concentration in the time period i in the y year of the research area.
Further, the specific method of step 5) is as follows: a) analyzing the evolution of the vertical gradient spatial distribution of the methane concentration variation in the construction area, b) screening the construction-related methane concentration gradient high-value centers; c) based on the above steps, the high value area is focused as a dangerous area.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a topographic background analysis chart (relating to the structural regions and elevation information of the gan zi yu tree);
fig. 2 shows the background methane profile concentration in the earthquake region (the methane profile concentration change information from 2009-4-2010-6 months in the yushu region);
FIG. 3 is the atmospheric bottom concentration gradient (Yushu M) of the variation of methane concentration in the formation areaS7.1 the concentration of methane at the bottom layer of the atmosphere is distributed abnormally in the vertical gradient before and after the earthquake);
Detailed Description
The invention 'a methane concentration gradient anomaly extraction method for monitoring earthquake precursor information' is further explained by combining the attached drawings.
(I) analysis of elevation information of construction and danger areas
Firstly, a research area is selected (for example, aiming at the first generation of Yuzhu trees, the Yuzhu trees are mainly broken, and the Qinghai-Tibet-Sichuan junction area), and pixels (33-34 degrees N and 96-97 degrees E) where the Yuzhu areas are located are selected to obtain a topographic background map of the research area and the dangerous area shown in the figure 1. And the topographic distribution elevation gradient is discussed, if the elevation gradient of the danger area is relatively small, the atmospheric diffusion condition is generally strong, and the gradient method is suitable for performing the methane concentration abnormal euphoric extraction.
(II) extracting abnormal information of concentration of dangerous area profile
And taking the 5-year sliding average value of the history of the dangerous area pixels as a background value. And extracting the change information of the methane concentration profile of the dangerous area by a difference method. The change situation of the methane profile concentration of the dangerous area to the background value (such as a vertical structure, high-low value distribution and the like) is preliminarily analyzed, and concentration abnormality information such as a large vertical gradient, a sharp increase of the methane concentration of the bottom layer of the atmosphere and the like is further identified (such as fig. 2).
The single pixel methane profile concentration change information extraction method comprises the following steps:
wherein, VCH4(l,m,n)The methane concentration of the atmosphere of the layer I in the period of m for n years in the research area; mu.s(l,m,y)Is a methane concentration background value of the atmosphere of the layer I in the period m of the research area y year; d (l, m, y) is used as the methane concentration change value of the l layer in the period of m in y years in the research area.
(III) methane concentration gradient anomaly horizontal scale analysis
Calculating background removal values of all pixel methane concentration profiles in the construction area; and then calculating the vertical gradient of the variation of each time secondary methane concentration profile of each pixel in the research period (the result is shown in figure 3):
G(i,y)＝[D(lmin,i,y)-D(lmin+1,i,y)]/[P(lmin)-P(lmin+1)]
d (l, i, y) is the calculated methane concentration change information of the i layer in the y year and i period of the epicenter region, lmin represents the pixel atmospheric bottom layer, and (lmin +1) represents the upward adjacent layer of the atmospheric bottom layer. Then, D(lmin,i,y)And (4) representing the methane concentration change information of the atmospheric bottom layer in the y year i period of the earthquake area. P(lmin)Represents the atmospheric pressure of the bottom layer of the atmosphere, G(i,y)The information is the vertical gradient change information of the atmospheric bottom methane concentration in the time period i in the y year of the research area.
(IV) abnormal high value analysis
And further, analyzing the evolution of the vertical gradient spatial distribution of the methane concentration variation of the structural area, comprehensively analyzing the abnormal amplitude of the high-value center, the evolution process along with time, the correlation between the spatial distribution and the fault and other information, and focusing the high-value center as a major earthquake-generating danger area.
Claims (6)
1. A method for extracting methane concentration precursor information for earthquake monitoring comprises the following steps:
step 1) selecting a research area and determining the applicability of a gradient anomaly extraction method;
step 2), extracting methane concentration profile change information;
step 3), identifying the abnormal structural features of methane emission;
step 4) calculating the vertical gradient of the concentration variation of each pixel methane in the research area;
and 5) analyzing abnormal high values and predicting dangerous areas.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the specific method of step 1) is as follows: a) selecting a research area; b) briefly analyzing the elevation gradient of the research area;
c) and preliminarily determining the regional applicability of the anomaly extraction method from the aspect of the terrain background.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the specific method of step 2) is as follows: a) extracting the concentration abnormal information of the methane profile in the dangerous area based on a background field difference method,
D(l,m,y)＝VCH4(l,m,y)-μ(l,m,y)
wherein, VCH4(l,m,n)Methane concentration, μm, of atmosphere in n-year m period in the study area(l,m,y)The background value of the methane concentration of the atmosphere in the layer l in the period m of the study area y year, and D (l, m, y) is used as the change value of the methane concentration in the layer l in the period m of the study area y year.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the specific method of step 3) is as follows: a) analyzing the background value profile concentration distribution of the image element methane in the dangerous area; b) identifying abnormal structural features of the ground source methane emission.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the specific method of step 4) is as follows: a) based on the step 3), calculating background removal values of all pixel methane concentration profiles of the construction area; b) calculating the vertical gradient of the variation of each time methane concentration profile of each pixel in a time period;
G(i,y)＝[D(lmin,i,y)-D(lmin+1,i,y)]/[P(lmin)-P(lmin+1)]
d (l, i, y) is the methane concentration change information of the i layer in the y year i period of the epicenter region obtained by calculation of the formula (2), lmin represents a pixel atmospheric bottom layer, and (lmin +1) represents an upward adjacent layer of the atmospheric bottom layer, so that D is the methane concentration change information of the i layer in the y year i period of the epicenter region obtained by calculation of the formula (2)(lmin,i,y)Representing the change information of the methane concentration of the atmospheric bottom layer in the y-year i period of the earthquake area, P(lmin)Represents the atmospheric pressure of the bottom layer of the atmosphere, G(i,y)The information is the vertical gradient change information of the atmospheric bottom methane concentration in the time period i in the y year of the research area.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the specific method of step 5) is as follows: a) analyzing the evolution of the vertical gradient spatial distribution of the methane concentration variation in the construction area; b) screening and constructing related methane concentration gradient high-value centers; c) based on the above steps, the high value area is focused as a dangerous area.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2506039A2 (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2012-10-03 | Conocophillips Company | Methods for Seismic Fracture Parameter Estimation and Gas Filled Fracture Identification From Vertical Well Log Data |
| CN103744069A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-04-23 | 中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所 | Methane profile orthogonal inversion method aiming at AIRS (atmospheric infrared sounder) hyper-spectrum satellite data |
| CN105593702A (en) * | 2013-10-01 | 2016-05-18 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Methods for estimating resource density by integrating seismic methods with fluid density and pressure in shale resource plays |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP2506039A2 (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2012-10-03 | Conocophillips Company | Methods for Seismic Fracture Parameter Estimation and Gas Filled Fracture Identification From Vertical Well Log Data |
| CN105593702A (en) * | 2013-10-01 | 2016-05-18 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Methods for estimating resource density by integrating seismic methods with fluid density and pressure in shale resource plays |
| CN103744069A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-04-23 | 中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所 | Methane profile orthogonal inversion method aiming at AIRS (atmospheric infrared sounder) hyper-spectrum satellite data |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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