CN109422809A - 全人源或人源化生长抑素受体ii单克隆抗体及其药物或诊断试剂的开发与应用 - Google Patents
全人源或人源化生长抑素受体ii单克隆抗体及其药物或诊断试剂的开发与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
生长抑素受体II(SSTR2)在特定组织和病变组织如许多肿瘤细胞中异常表达。这一特性为以SSTR2为靶向的药物开发与临床诊断提供了可行性。而且以SSTR2为靶点的相关药物及诊断试剂均已临床应用。同时,单克隆抗体药物代表着全新的现代药物的发展方向之一。而全人源或人源化SSTR2单克隆抗体的开发和应用尚未开展。本发明是公布全人源或人源化SSTR2单克隆抗体的开发及其靶向药物或诊断试剂的应用。我们将利用转基因小鼠技术等技术来开发SSTR2单克隆抗体,并以之为载体与各种生物活性分子如化疗药物偶联,构成各种SSTR2抗体靶向药物复合物,或用于疾病诊断的抗体诊断标记物。这对于疾病预防与治疗将有非常重要的临床应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及到药物和诊断试剂,属于医药和临床检验领域。
背景技术
生长抑素II型受体SSTR2(somatostatin receptor II,sst2)与其他四个SSTR受体构成SSTR受体家族,属于GPCR家族成员。均有七个过膜结构域(seven transmembranedomains),通过与G蛋白作用激活下游信号路径(1-3)。在SSTR受体家族中,SSTR2在许多特定组织和病变组织中异常表达,为SSTR靶向药物的开发与应用提供了受体靶点(2,4,5)。例如,SSTR2在许多肿瘤细胞中高表达,如,神经母细胞瘤(neuroblastoma),肺癌(Lungcancer),内分泌瘤(neuroendocrine tumors),鼻咽癌(Nasopharyngeal cancer),乳腺癌(breast cancer),宫颈癌(cervical cancer),胰腺癌(pancreatic cancer)等等(2,4-7)。而且,SSTR2被发现在成熟血管或处于静止状态的内皮细胞(endothelial cells)中不表达,而在新生肿瘤血管(angiogenesis)或者处于活性状态的内皮细胞中高表达(4,8),开发SSTR2针对性的抗肿瘤药物或抗肿瘤血管发生药物是抗肿瘤药物的一个重要方向(5,9)。同时,在炎症部位或处于增殖状态的免疫T细胞或AIDS病人之T细胞中SSTR2异常表达(10),通过SSTR2抗体携带药物如抗HIV病毒药物进入T细胞,达到靶向治疗目的,或携带免疫抑制剂进入T细胞,达到靶向治疗自身免疫病或抗器官移植之免疫排斥的目的。因而以受体SSTR2为靶点,开发SSTR2靶向药物成为了一个热点方向。
基于SSTR2的特异性表达和其特定功能,SSTR2已被应用于多肽药物开发,放射性标记与诊断,放射性多肽药物开发及药物载体的应用(如peptide-drug conjugate)(2,5,11)。多肽药物方面,针对SSTR2靶点的SST药物已经被成功开发出来,如兰瑞肽(lanreotide),奥曲肽(octreotide)等,这些药物已被应用于治疗肢端肥大症,内分泌瘤,胃肠出血等疾病(12,13)。放射性标记的SST衍生物如111I-octreotide已被成功应用于各种肿瘤的诊断(如神经瘤,肺癌,垂体瘤,内分泌瘤,黑色素瘤,甲状腺髓样癌等)(3,7,9,14,15)。放射性标记的SST衍生物也正被用于抗肿瘤靶向药物的开发(16),如Rhenium188标记的SST药物正被用于小细胞肺癌(SCLC)的二期临床试验。
同时,利用SSTR2的表达特异性,用SST及其衍生物作为药物载体,将非靶向特异性药物变为SSTR2靶向特异性药物,通过SSTR2将药物携带到受体表达的特定部位,达到靶向治疗的目的(5,17-19)。例如,将非特异性抗肿瘤药物与SST载体相连,形成SSTR2靶向药物(peptide-drug conjugates),用于抗肿瘤药物的开发。各种抗癌化疗药物如camptothecin(CPT),Doxorubicin(DOX),Colchicine,methotrexate,paclitaxel,combretastatin具有良好的抗癌效果,但有强烈的副作用和长期使用产生的耐药性问题,将它们与SST衍生物偶联,开发出相应的靶向抗肿瘤复合物如JF-10-81(CPT-SST),AN-238,AN-162,CA-SST,MTX-SST等等(17,18,20)。这些SSTR2靶向药物展示了更好的抗肿瘤效果,还能够减少癌细胞的耐药性,减少病人对药物产生的副作用(5,9)。
例如,JF-10-81(CPT-SST)是以生长抑素衍生物为载体,将抗癌小分子CPT(喜树碱)连接在由12个氨基酸组成的短肽SST载体及连接链(linker)GlyDSer-NleDTyrDSer[CysPheDTrpLysThrCys]ThrNH2的N端,而构成的多肽载体靶向复合物CPT-SST(JF-10-81)(20)。CPT主要是与Topo I酶结合,阻止DNA复制来达到抗癌效果,但难溶入水的特性妨碍了其临床应用.CPT衍生物CPT-11(irinotecan)和TPT(topotecan)已被美国FDA批准为临床用药.其解决了CPT难溶入水的问题,但是,两者极其不稳定(IC50约为20-30分钟),同时也没有解决小分子化合物原有的问题:强烈的副作用和长期使用产生的耐 药性。我们开发的新的靶向药物JF-10-81(CPT-SST)容易溶解于水,特异性强,亲和力高,稳定性好.能增强抗癌效果,减少副作用,减少癌细胞产生的耐药性.JF-10-81能够高效,特异地结合受体SSTR2,从而快速过膜将CPT运到靶向肿瘤细胞内,让化疗药物CPT更好地发挥抗癌功能,通过抑制DNA的复制来抑制快速增殖的肿瘤细胞的生长,减少对正常细胞的伤害。动物模型试验也充分证明JF-10-81比CPT本身能更有效地抑制多种肿瘤的生长,包括胰腺癌肿瘤、神经瘤、白血病,前列腺癌和类癌(carcinoid)等(19-22)。尤其对胰腺癌肿瘤的抑制更为明显(20)。同时,JF-10-81能够抑制肿瘤转移,还能有效抑制新的肿瘤血管的发生,从而阻断营养经血管流向肿瘤,防止肿瘤生长和转移(20)。
过去几十年来,单克隆抗体(monoclonal antibody,mAb)药物的开发一直是一个热点方向(23-26)。这些抗体可以用于疾病治疗(如肿瘤,类风湿关节炎),疾病诊断(如肿瘤诊断,病原体检测)或者健康检查(如肝炎检查,怀孕测试)(27)。目前,全球已有几十个临床用mAb药物如Rituximab,adalimumab,inflixmab,,这些药物被用于抗肿瘤治疗,器官移植的免疫排斥,自身免疫病,感染性疾病等人类疾病(23,27)。在全球生物药物市场,mAb药物市场快速增长(23,24),随着新科技新技术的出现,尤其全人源(fully human)或人源化(humanized)单克隆抗体(monoclonal antibody)的成功开发,抗体药物在未来全球药物市场上大有可为(24)。
最初是利用小鼠(murine)和嵌合(chimeric)单克隆抗体开发抗体药物。由于这些抗体具有强的免疫原(immunogen)性,应用于人体时,会诱导机体对外来抗体的免疫应答,产生严重副作用,并容易被机体剔除,因而,这些抗体药物效果有限(30)。为了解决这些问题,人源化(humanized)和全人源(fully human)单克隆抗体被发展起来(31)。这些抗体具有高度的人源特异性,被机体识别并产生免疫排斥的可能性被降到最低程度,因而药物效果更好,安全性更好(24,30)。
目前,开发人源化和全人源单克隆抗体主要利用转基因小鼠技术(transgenicmice),噬菌体展示技术(phage display),互补决定区移植(complementarity-determingregion engraftment),细胞展示技术以及新克隆生物技术(neoclone biotechnology)等(25,30,31)。如,转基因小鼠技术利用传统的杂交瘤技术产生人单克隆抗体,转基因小鼠不会产生内源抗体即免疫球蛋白(immunoglobulin,Ig),取而代之产生人源抗体。免疫的转基因小鼠被诱导产生抗原特异性免疫应答,再分离鼠B细胞并与骨髓瘤细胞融合,产生鼠杂交瘤细胞来分泌人源单克隆抗体(23,31)。
人源化和全人源单克隆抗体可以直接作为抗体药物用于人类疾病治疗,同时,甚至更多的是被用作药物载体与其它非特异性,非选择性药物(如传统的肿瘤化疗药物)联合应用,形成抗体药物复合物(antibody-drug conjugates,ADCs)(28)。这些抗体药物复合物ADCs变成了抗原或受体或蛋白靶向特异性药物。提高药物靶向性,增强药物效果,减少对人体的副作用。这些人源化和全人源单克隆抗体也可用于与其它生物活性分子(如放射性同位素,核酸片段oligoDNA,oligoPNA,多肽片段,siRNA,microRNA,荧光分子,抗肿瘤药物,免疫抑制剂,代谢调控因子等等)(27)相连,构成相应的靶向复合物,广泛应用于疾病治疗,疾病诊断和健康检测等等。
目前,人源化和全人源单克隆抗体主要是针对一些特定靶点如CD3,CD25,CD20,CD33,TNF-α,VEGF,VEGFR,EGFR(23,27)。这些分子在特定组织表达或具有特定功能,因而可用于靶向治疗或临床检测。例如,TNFalpha为肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosisfactoralpha)。Adalimumab是全人源(fully human)抗TNF-α单克隆抗体,用于治疗类风湿关节炎(23)。VEGF为血管内皮细胞生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor)。Bevacizumab是人源化(humanized)抗VEGF单克隆抗体,用于治疗转移性直肠结肠癌(23)。此外,还有更多人源化和全人源单克隆抗体正在临床试验中。单克隆抗体药物代表着全新的现代药物发展方向之一。长期以来,SSTR2受体已经被广泛研究,被确认为特定的分子靶点,也被成功应用于靶向药物开发(5,18)。然而,还没有针对SSTR2的人源化或全人源单克隆抗体的开发。本 发明首次公布全人源或人源化SSTR2单克隆抗体的开发,并以此单克隆抗体为载体与各种生物活性分子(如化疗药物,免疫抑制剂,放射性同位素,荧光基团)偶联,构建各种抗体靶向药物复合物或用于疾病诊断的抗体复合物。
发明内容
本发明是开发一种全人源(fully human)或人源化(humanized)生长抑素受体II(somatostatin receptor II,SSTR2,sst2)单克隆抗体(monoclonal antibody)。这种抗体特异性好,亲和力高,选择性强,稳定性高。这类抗体虽然为大分子,但是具有高度的人源特异性,因而被人体免疫系统对之不识别,不产生免疫排斥,因而安全性非常好。并基于此SSTR2单克隆抗体开发人类疾病(如肿瘤,自身免疫病,AIDS病)相关的药物或临床诊断试剂。
1,全人源(fully human)或人源化(humanized)SSTR2单克隆抗体。本发明是基于SSTR2的表达特异性和功能特异性(2,5,7,8)来开发新的全人源或人源化SSTR2单克隆抗体(主要是,但不限于,IgG1。也可以是IgG2,IgG3,IgG4,IgA,TgD,TgE,IgM等)。可以通过计算机模拟,预测,软件分析和实验,筛选SSTR2特定序列片段,可以是一个或多个序列片段作为免疫原(immunogen)。
SSTR2特定序列片段如,但不限于:
LRSNQWGRSSCTINWPGES
MDMADEPLNGSHTWLSIPFDLNGSVVSTNTSNQTE
VALVHWPFGKAICRVVMTVD
VSSVSMAISPTPALKGMFD
RSNQWGRSSCTINWP
FKKSFQNVLCLVKVSGTDDGERSDSKQDKSRLNETTETQRTLLNGDLQTSI
GKAICRVVMTVDGINQFTSIFCL
LYAFLSDNFKKSFQNVLCLV等等。
利用噬菌体展示(phage display),细胞展示技术或转基因(transgenic)老鼠等技术获得所要求的全人源或人源化SSTR2单克隆抗体。
2,以全人源或人源化SSTR2单克隆抗体开发抗体药物或抗体诊断试剂。
2.1直接利用所开发的全人源或人源化SSTR2单克隆抗体(SSTR2mAb)作为疾病治疗药物。已经有一些全人源和人源化单克隆抗体药物已被成功开发和临床应用。SSTR2单克隆抗体(SSTR2mAb)也可以直接应用于一些SSTR2特异性的人类疾病治疗如肿瘤,AIDS病。
2.2利用所开发的全人源或人源化SSTR2单克隆抗体作为载体,将相关生物活性分子与抗体相连,构建抗体-活性分子复合物,开发受体靶向药物或临床诊断试剂。
生物活性分子与SSTR2单克隆抗体的复合物,其形式(formula)为:A-B-C-mAb。
在A-B-C-mAb中,mAb代表全人源或人源化SSTR2单克隆抗体。
B和C为药物(A)与抗体(mAb)之间的连接链(linkers),可以是(但不限于)肽(peptide),氨基酸(amino acid),葡萄糖醛酸(glucuronides),腙(hydrazone),二硫桥(disulfide bridge),硫醚(thioether),螯合基团(chelating groups)等(32)。可以是可裂解的连接链(cleavable linkers)如Val-Ala,或非裂解的连接链(Non-cleavablelinkers)。或两个或多个联合应用(如多肽与硫醚一起作为连接链,多肽连接链一端接螯合基团,另一端接硫醚,构成完整的连接链),将药物与SSTR2单克隆抗体连接在一起。B主要是连接A,C主要是连接mAb。B和C两者均可以省略,直接应用腙,二硫桥等连接A与mAb,或省略B或C两者之一。连接链(linkers)的应用与策略主要基于不同抗体,不同药物等多方面的考量。
C为连接链,可以是(但不限于)一个氨基酸或多肽(可以是含两个或多个氨基酸)(自然肽氨基酸或修饰后的氨基酸),如D-Tyr,DTyr-DSer,DSer-Lys-D-Tyr,Val-Ala等)或腙(hydrazone),二硫桥(disulfide bridge),硫醚(thioether)等,或联合应用(如, 但不限于,多肽与硫醚一起作为连接链,氨基酸与螯合基团一起),将药物与SSTR2单克隆抗体连接在一起。C也可以省略。
B可以是一个氨基酸或多肽(可以是含两个或多个氨基酸)(自然肽氨基酸或修饰后的氨基酸)如DPro,Dab-LSer,LPro-DAsn等),或为腙(hydrazone),二硫桥(disulfidebridge),硫醚(thioether)等,或联合应用(如,但不限于,多肽与硫醚一起作为连接链,氨基酸与螯合基团一起),将药物与SSTR2单克隆抗体连接在一起。B可以更偏向于增加抗体复合物的的亲水性。B可以带有一聚合物(polymer)或亲水聚合物(如polyethylene glycol,polyvinyl alcohol,polyvinyl acetate),或为其他连接链。B也可以省略。
A为生物活性分子,可以通过(但不限于)连接链(linkers)如,二硫桥(disulfidebridge),腙(hydrazine),或者硫醚(thioether)等直接与SSTR2单克隆抗体相连,或经由连接链(linkers)如多肽(peptide)(B或C)或其他部分间接与SSTR2单克隆抗体相连。A可以是(但不限于)治疗药物therapeutic agents,细胞毒性药物cytotoxic agents,检测标记detectable labels,核酸(nucleic acid)(如核酸,核酸片段(nucleic acid fragment)或oligoDNA,oligoRNA等),活性多肽(biologically active peptide),以及螯合基团chelating groups等等。
例如,SSTR2单克隆抗体与各种小分子化学药物(A)连接,构成抗体-化学药物复合物。SSTR2单克隆抗体与各种放射性同位素或偶联基团(A)连接,构成放射性抗体复合物。SSTR2单克隆抗体与各种诊断用的放射性同位素,荧光基团或其偶联基团(A)等连接,构成放射性抗体或荧光抗体等。SSTR2单克隆抗体与活性多肽(A)等连接,构成抗体-多肽复合物。SSTR2单克隆抗体与核酸如oligoDNA,oligoPNA,oligoRNA,siRNA,microRNA或类似物等(A)连接,构成抗体-核酸复合物。这些复合物用于,但不限于,诊断或治疗疾病肿瘤,自身免疫病,AIDS病等。
用于获得全人源或人源SSTR2单克隆抗体的技术与方法为已知的或新的技术方法。可以是,但不限于,噬菌体展示(phage display),细胞展示技术,或转基因(transgenic)老鼠等这些技术方法。
本发明中,治疗药物(therapeutic agents)(A)指任何用于治疗,诊断人类疾病或其他处理的化合物或药物,这些化合物或药物可以是自然存在的,修饰的,合成的等。这些化合物或药物可以是促进或抑制生物活性,可以用于(但不限于)治疗肿瘤,细胞异常增值,类癌综合征,血管发生,类风湿关节炎,炎症性疾病,自身免疫病等。治疗药物可以是抗肿瘤的,包括细胞毒性的。治疗药物可以是(但不限于)烷化剂(alkylating agents),抗生素,抗代谢药,免疫调节剂,拓扑酶(topoisomerases)抑制剂,微管蛋白抑制剂,激素激动剂(agonists)或拮抗剂(antagonists)。这些药物可以通过直接或间接作用或补充剂(supplementary agents)起作用。
细胞毒性药物(cytotoxic agents)(A)指任何自然存在的,修饰的,合成的对肿瘤细胞或其它目的细胞产生细胞毒性的化合物。这些药物可以用于(但不限于)治疗肿瘤,炎症,自身免疫病,或其他与细胞异常增殖相关的疾病或症状。细胞毒性药物可以是(但不限于)烷化剂(alkylating agents),抗生素,抗代谢药,免疫调节剂,拓扑酶(topoisomerases)抑制剂,微管蛋白抑制剂,激素激动剂(agonists)或拮抗剂(antagonists)。
检测标记(detectable labels)(A)指任何用于诊断的检测标记,可以是,但不限于,细胞毒性和非细胞毒性。可以是,但不限于,包含一个或多个如下特性:荧光,颜色,细胞毒性(toxicity),放射性(radioactivity),辐射敏感(radiosensitivity),光敏感(photosensitivity),非放射性。检测标记可以是直接连接到抗体上某氨基酸部位,也可以通过螯合基团,肽或其它分子或连接链与抗体连接。检测标记可以是重金属离子,或稀土离子,如Gd3+,Fe3+,Mn3+等。放射性检测标记可以是放射性碘标记,如122I125I,131I,111In, 201Ti,111Ag等。或者这些放射性物标记在某氨基酸或其它基团上,如DTyr,DPhe等。非放射性检测标记可以是各种已知的荧光(fluorescence)或染料(dye)。毒性(toxic)检测标记 可以是蓖麻毒素(ricin),或如上所述的放射性物,化学治疗药物,辐射敏感剂等。
螯合基团(chelating groups)(A)指任何相关基团。可以是与肽类药物(peptideagent)偶联的基团,也可以是与如上所述的检测标记(如荧光,染料,放射性同位素等)形成复合物(complex),如金属(metal),光敏感剂。螯合基团可以与如上所述的一种或多种治疗药物,细胞毒性药物或检测标记等形成复合物。
活性多肽(biologically active peptides)(A)指任何自然存在的,修饰的,合成的多肽(蛋白与抗体为长链大分子多肽),这些多肽具有生理功能或参与生物过程(biological process)。如,这些多肽可以是(但不限于)激素(hormones),生长因子(growth factors),细胞因子(cytokines),神经传递因子(neurotransmitters),抗原(antigens),抗体(antibodies)和其它蛋白(proteins)等。细胞因子(cytokines)可以是(但不限于),趋化因子chemokines,干扰素interferons,肿瘤坏死因子(TNF),淋巴因子lymphokines,白细胞介素interleukines。
多肽(peptides)(A)指任何多肽,如单链多肽(linear peptide),聚合多肽(polypeptide),环状多肽(cyclic peptide),分支多肽(branched peptide)。多肽指含有两个或更多氨基酸并由肽键或修饰后的肽键连在一起的多肽或蛋白。多肽包括短链肽(尤指寡聚肽oligopeptide,或低聚物oligomer)以及长链肽(氨基酸序列长至100氨基酸残基)。多肽包括自然修饰的或化学修饰的氨基酸或多肽序列。修饰(modification)可发生在多肽的任何位置,包括多肽骨架(backbone),氨基酸侧链,氨基端,羧基端等。
核酸片段(oligo)或类似物(A)指任何自然存在的,修饰的,合成的或其它方式获得的核酸或核酸片段。可以是(但不限于)oligoDNA,oligoPNA,oligoRNA,siRNA,microRNA或类似物。
聚合物(polymer)指自然发生的或合成的聚合物,尤其是亲水性聚合物(hydrophilic polymer)有助于改变整个抗体复合物的水溶性或生物分布。聚合物可以是(但不限于)poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG),dextran,poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA),hydroxyelthyl starch,PVP,PHPMA,gelatin,polysuccinamide(PSI)等.这些聚合物可以被修饰,如succinylation(带负电荷),PSI部分水解,与其他化合物反应来添加含有羧基或氨基的基团。这类修饰可以增加或改变聚合物的亲水性或使抗体与治疗药物或细胞毒性药物或螯合基团更容易偶联。
我们的以下实验结果及其他公开资料支持上述结论:
图1不同抗体示意图。包括小鼠(mouse)抗体,嵌合(chimeric)抗体,人源化(humanized)抗体,全人源(fully human)抗体。
图2几种不同的人源化单克隆抗体的制备过程。
图3一种抗体药物复合物(antibody-drug conjugate,ADC)示意图。
图4人和大鼠SSTR2氨基酸序列示意图。都有七个过膜结构域(TM),一个膜外N端,一个膜内C端,三个膜外环(EL),三个膜内环(IL)。两者均含有369个氨基酸,氨基酸序列高度相似,很多部位完全相同(如IL1,IL2,TM2,TM3,EL1,EL2)。因而设计全人源或人源化SSTR2时,其他物种的序列片段也可以借鉴。
图5配体与受体亲和力实验。我们构建了表达人SSTR2的稳定细胞系hCHO-R2。亲和力实验显示,自然态生长抑素SST-14及其衍生物DC-50-101,DC-50-90与人SSTR2受体不同的亲和力,证明SST特异性序列与SSTR2特异性结合,有些亲和力强,有些亲和力弱或没有。证明SSTR2具有靶向特异性。
图6下面列表中为PCR检测结果,所有五个SSTR受体亚型在各种肿瘤细胞中的不同表达。SSTR2在绝大多数肿瘤细胞(如前列腺癌,神经瘤,乳腺癌,胰腺癌,类癌,肺癌,白血病等)中高表达。证明SSTR2是一个特定的肿瘤分子靶点。
图7Western blot分析实验进一步在蛋白水平上验证,SSTR2在绝大多数肿瘤细胞(如前列腺癌,神经瘤,乳腺癌,胰腺癌,类癌,肺癌,白血病等)中高表达。证明SSTR2是一个特定的肿瘤分子靶点。
图8SSTR受体亲和力实验显示,SSTR在不同肿瘤细胞(类癌BON,神经瘤IMR32,胰腺癌CFPAC-1,肺癌NCI-H69,乳腺癌MCF-7)中表达不一,生长抑素与受体的亲和力也不一。
图9SSTR受体靶向特异性抗肿瘤药物示意图。
图10受体靶向特异性药物通过受体进入靶向肿瘤细胞示意图。A,人体内生长的肿瘤;B,肿瘤细胞表面存在各种受体,特定受体靶向药物识别细胞表面特定受体,与之相互作用,激活受体;C,药物-受体复合物诱导细胞内吞(endocytosis),受体靶向特异性药物进入受体特异性肿瘤细胞;D,细胞内酶降解药物载体,释放抗肿瘤药物,药物杀死受体靶向肿瘤细胞。
图11SSTR受体亲和力实验。在表达人SSTR2的稳定细胞系hCHO-R2中,检测SSTR受体靶向药物的受体亲和力实验。CPT-SST(抗癌药物CPT与改造后的生长抑素SST-14偶联成为SSTR受体靶向药物CPT-SST)和CPT-SSTi(抗癌药物CPT与无SSTR亲和力的生长抑素SST-14构成无SSTR受体亲和力的CPT-SSTi)。实验证实CPT-SST与SSTR2具有高亲和力,而CPT-SSTi亲和力很低。证明CPT-SST药物的SSTR受体靶向特异性。
图12SSTR受体亲和力实验。DC-44-76(SST-14)与受体SSTR1和SSTR2均具有高亲和力。而SSTR2靶向药物JF-10-81(CPT-SST)与SSTR2亲和力高,与SSTR1亲和力低。SSTR2靶向药物载体JF-07-69(SST衍生物)也相同。证明针对SSTR2可以设计靶向特异性药物。
图13SSTR2靶向药物CPT-SST(JF-10-81)能有效的抗肿瘤。细胞增殖实验(MTTassay)显示,CPT本身抑制类癌BON细胞生长的活性低,BON细胞中,耐药基因(MDR)大量表达。Real-time PCR显示,与耐药基因BCRP(BCRP本身设定为1倍)相比,耐药基因MDR1为14.4倍,耐药基因MRP1为3.6倍。证明在BON细胞中,主要是耐药基因MDR1和MRP1。这导致BON细胞对CPT产生耐药抵抗。尽管BON细胞大量表达SSTR受体,但是,SSTR2靶向药物CPT-SST对细胞生长的抑制效果并没有比CPT本身更好,相反,CPT在SSTR2靶向药物CPT-SST中会失去部分生物活性。然而,抗肿瘤动物实验显示,SSTR2靶向药物CPT-SST的抗肿瘤效果比CPT本身更好。证明CPT-SST在体内的SSTR2受体靶向特异性和对耐药性的有效抵抗作用。
图14前列腺癌PC-3肿瘤生长和转移实验。我们的实验证实,前列腺癌PC-3细胞中,SSTR2受体大量表达。两种不同的给药方式(皮下注射SC和腹腔注射IP)均显示,SSTR2靶向药物CPT-SST(JF-10-81)能有效的抑制前列腺癌PC-3肿瘤生长和肿瘤转移。证明CPT-SST对前列腺癌PC-3肿瘤的SSTR2受体靶向特异性。
图15SSTR2靶向药物抑制血管发生(angiogenesis)的动物实验。Matrigel在低温下为液态,在室温或体温时为固态。将血管内皮细胞(endothelial cells),血管生成因子(bFGF),SSTR2靶向药物JF-10-81与液态Matrigel混合,注射到小鼠皮下,液态Matrigel在小鼠体内形成固体,bFGF刺激小鼠皮下内皮细胞向matrigel迁移,内皮细胞在matrigel中形成血管样结构。实验完成后,将固体matrigel取出,固定,包埋,切片,染色。红色显示为血管样结构。实验结果显示,(A),阴性对照(没bFGF,没给药),没有血管样结构;(B),阳性对照(有bFGF,没给药),有血管样结构;(C),有bFGF,小鼠有给药,SSTR2靶向药物JF-10-81非常有效的抑制血管样结构的形成;(D),药物载体对照,有bFGF,没给JF-10-81,只有药物载体SST衍生物(JF-07-69),药物载体本身不影响血管样结构的形成。
这些实验结果和事实都预示着,SSTR2在许多人类疾病相关的组织或细胞中异常表达,是开发相关药物的一个理想的分子靶点。因此,开发全人源或人源化SSTR2单克隆抗体,并以此开发相关抗体药物或诊断试剂具有非常重要的临床应用价值。
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具体实施方式
1,开发全人源(fully human)或人源化(humanized)生长抑素受体II(somatostatin receptor II,SSTR2,sst2)单克隆抗体(monoclonal antibody)。
生长抑素受体II(somatostatin receptor II,SSTR2,sst2)包含两个亚型SSTR2a(sst2a)和SSTR2b(sst2b),蛋白序列分别为369个氨基酸(SSTR2a)和346个氨基酸(SSTR2b)。由于SSTR2基因变异,以及转录(如transcript variants),翻译的差异或操作手段差异而表达不同的SSTR2a或SSTR2b或少许序列或长度变化。SSTR2象其他GPCR成员,有七个过膜结构域,一个膜外N端,一个膜内C端,三个膜外环,三个膜内环。
作为免疫原的SSTR2特定序列片段可以是SSTR2受体序列中任何部位的一段片段。可以通过计算机模拟,预测,软件分析和实验,筛选最佳SSTR2特定序列片段作为免疫原(immunogen)。例如免疫原序列片段可以是,但不限于,LRSNQWGRSSCTINWPGES,VSSVSMAISPTPALKGMFD,RSNQWGRSSCTINWP,MDMADEPLNGSHTWLSIPFDLNGSVVSTNTSNQTE,VALVHWPFGKAICRVVMTVD,FKKSFQNVLCLVKVSGTDDGERSDSKQDKSRLNETTETQRTLLNGDLQTSI等。用于构建全人源或人源化SSTR2单克隆抗体的SSTR2免疫原可以是一个或多个序列,序列长度也可变化,个别氨基酸可变化。而且,人SSTR2和其他物种SSTR2氨基酸序列相似程度高。如人和大鼠两者均含有369个氨基酸,氨基酸序列相同度达到90%以上,序列相似度更高,很多部位完全相同(如IL1,IL2,TM2,TM3,EL1,EL2)。因而设计全人源或人源化SSTR2时,其他物种的序列片段也可以借鉴。
通过,但不限于,现代技术如噬菌体展示(phage display),细胞展示技术,或转基因(transgenic)老鼠等技术,构建抗体表达载体,表达筛选,细胞培养,转基因动物等系列步骤,最终获得全人源或人源化生长抑素受体II(SSTR2)单克隆抗体。或者通过其他方法获得全人源或人源化SSTR2单克隆抗体。
2,全人源或人源化SSTR2单克隆抗体药物或诊断试剂的开发与应用。
SSTR2在一些特定组织或病变组织中异常表达。例如,SSTR2在许多肿瘤细胞中异常表达,在正常细胞中不表达或低表达。SSTR2在新生肿瘤血管或者处于活性状态的内皮细胞中高表达,而在成熟血管或处于静止状态的内皮细胞中不表达。SSTR2在炎症部位或处于增殖状态的免疫T细胞或AIDS病人的T细胞中异常表达。这些特性为SSTR2靶向药物的开发与应用提供了受体靶点。一些针对SSTR2的SST多肽药物如octreotide,lanreotide已被成功开发,放射性SST被成功用于肿瘤成像(tumor imaging)。放射性SST及SST化疗药物复合物(SST-drug conjugate)也正在抗肿瘤的临床试验中。我们的SST免疫抑制剂复合物在器官移植实验中也展示了SSTR2受体靶向免疫抑制效果,然而,与单克隆抗体相比,多肽半寿期短,特异性和选择性相对低一些。以SSTR2单克隆抗体来开发相应药物的抗体药物或临床诊断试剂将具有非常重要的临床应用和市场开发价值。
2.1直接利用所开发的全人源或人源化SSTR2单克隆抗体作为疾病治疗药物。
许多这类全人源或人源化单克隆抗体药物已被成功开发和临床应用。全人源或人源化SSTR2单克隆抗体本身可以直接应用于一些SSTR2特异性的人类疾病治疗。如,SSTR2受体在胰腺癌,肺癌,类癌等病变组织中异常表达。证明SSTR2是特异性的肿瘤分子靶标。SSTR2单克隆抗体可以应用于开发治疗鼻咽癌的抗肿瘤抗体药物。
2.2利用所开发的全人源或人源化SSTR2单克隆抗体作为载体,将相关生物活性分子与抗体相连,构建抗体-活性分子复合物,开发受体靶向药物或临床诊断试剂,用于治疗各种疾病如肿瘤,自身免疫病,AIDS病等。或开发各种诊断试剂和诊断手段如酶联免疫试剂,荧光标记诊断试剂,胶体金试纸条,纳米金颗粒,肿瘤成像(imaging),人体显像(scintigraphy)。
如SSTR2单克隆抗体与各种小分子化学药物(A)连接,构成抗体-化学药物复合物,用于治疗肿瘤,自身免疫病,AIDS病等。
如SSTR2单克隆抗体与各种放射性同位素或偶联基团(A)连接,构成放射性抗体复合 物,作为受体靶向药物,用于治疗各种疾病如肿瘤,自身免疫病,AIDS病等。
如SSTR2单克隆抗体与各种诊断用的放射性同位素,荧光基团或其偶联基团(A)等连接,构成放射性抗体或荧光抗体等,用于人类疾病如肿瘤,AIDS病等诊断或imaging。
如SSTR2单克隆抗体与多肽(包括多肽,蛋白,抗体等)(A)等连接,构成抗体多肽复合物,用于诊断或治疗疾病如肿瘤,自身免疫病,AIDS病等。
如SSTR2单克隆抗体与核酸如oligoDNA,oligoPNA,oligoRNA,siRNA,microRNA或类似物等(A)连接,构成抗体核酸复合物,用于诊断或治疗疾病肿瘤,自身免疫病,AIDS病等。
以下为,但不限于,部分SSTR2单克隆抗体复合物(A-B-C-mAb)具体实例:
Methotrexate-CH2CO-DLys-DTyr-Lys-mAb
Thiocolchicine-carbonyl-Sar-DSer-Nle-DTyr-DSer-mAb
Camptothecin-carbonyl-Pro-DSer-Nle-DTyr-DSer-mAb
Camptothecin-carbonyl-Hydroxyproline-mAb
Thiocolchicine-DSer-DSer-DSer-DSer-DSer-(Lys)mAb
Oligo(PNA)thioether-mAb
Oligo(DNA)thioether-mAb
PACAP-DSer-DSer-DSer-mAb
Methotrexate-COONH-Leu-Ala-DSer-DSer-DSer-DSer-DSer-DLys-DTyr--mAb
更多的SSTR2单克隆抗体复合物通过连接链(linkers,可以是B或C,或B与C两者,或两者均省略)与各种生物活性分子(A)相连,例如(见下)。
与全人源或人源化SSTR2单克隆抗体连接的生物活性分子A(A-B-C-mAb)可以是,但不限于,任何已知的治疗药物(therapeutic agents)或细胞毒性药物(cytotoxicagents)。例如抗肿瘤药物(Antineoplastic agents)如:Acivicin;Aclarubicin;Acodazole Hydrochloride;Acronine;Adozelesin;Daunomycin;Decitabine;Dexormaplatin;Dezaguanine;Dezaguanine Mesylate;Diaziquone;Docetaxel;Dolasatins;Doxorubicin;Doxorubicin Hydrochloride;Droloxifene;DroloxifeneCitrate;Dromostanolone Propionate;Duazomycin;Edatrexate;IdarubicinHydrochloride;Ifosfamide;Ilmofosine;Interferon Alfa-2b;Interferon Alfa-nl;Interferon Alfa-n3;Interferon Beta-I a;Interferon Gamma-I b;兰瑞肽LanreotideAcetate;Letrozole;Melphalan;Menogaril;Piposulfan;Semustine;Simtrazene;Sparfosate Sodium;Sulofenur;Talisomycin;Taxane;Taxoid;Tecogalan Sodium;trichostatin A(TSA);cyclophosphamide;melphalan;chlorambucil;ifosfamide;14-hydroxy-retro-retinol;all-trans retinoic acid;N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)retinamide.
还有其他抗肿瘤药物如20-pi-1,25dihydroxyvitamin D3;5-ethynyluracil;abiraterone;aclarubicin;aldesleukin;ALL-TK antagonists;altretamine;ambamustine;amidox;amrubicin;amsacrine;血管发生抑制剂(inhibitors);拮抗剂D(antagonist D);拮抗剂G(antagonist G);antarelix;anti-dorsalizing morphogeneticprotein-1;antiestrogen;antineoplaston;反义寡聚核酸(antisenseoligonucleotides);epothilones(A,R=H;B,R=Me);epithilones;epristeride;estramustine类似物(analog);estrogen激动剂(agonists);estrogen拮抗剂(antagonists);imiquimod;免疫调控肽(immunostimulant peptides);IGF-1(insulin-like growth factor-1)受体抑制剂;interferon激动剂(agonists);干扰素(interferons);白细胞介素(interleukins);leptolstatin;letrozole;白血病抑制因子(leukemia inhibiting factor);leukocyteα干扰素(alpha interferon);matrilysin抑制剂(inhibitors)myriaporone;N-acetyldinaline;N-substituted benzamides;neutralendopeptidase;nilutamide;nisamycin;nitric oxide调节因子(modulators);氮氧自由基抗氧化剂(nitroxide antioxidant);octreotide;okicenone;寡聚核酸(oligonucleotides)oxaunomycin; paclitaxel类似物(analogs);paclitaxel衍生物(derivatives);propyl bis-acridone;prostaglandin J2;proteasome抑制剂;proteinA-based免疫调控因子(immune modulator);蛋白激酶C(protein kinase C)抑制剂;microalgal;protein tyrosine phosphatase抑制剂(inhibitors);purpurins;pyrazoloacridine;raf拮抗剂(antagonists);raltitrexed;ramosetron;ras farnesylprotein transferase抑制剂;ras抑制剂;ras-GAP抑制剂(inhibitor);retelliptinedemethylated;寡核苷酸(oligonucleotides);信号转导(signal transduction)抑制剂(inhibitors);signal transduction调控因子(modulators);squalamine;stem cell抑制剂(inhibitor);stem-cell division抑制剂(inhibitors);stipiamide;stromelysin抑制剂(inhibitors);sulfinosine;thymopoietin receptor激动剂(agonist);thymotrinan;thyroid stimulating hormone;转录抑制剂(translation inhibitors);turosteride;酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrosine kinase inhibitors);tyrphostins;UBC抑制剂(inhibitors);ubenimex;urogenital sinus-derived生长抑制因子(growth inhibitory factor);urokinase受体拮抗剂(receptor antagonists);vapreotide.
复合物A-B-C-mAb中,生物活性分子A也可以是抗细胞增殖药物(antiproliferative agents),如,piritrexim isothionate。也可以是前列腺肥大抑制剂(antiprostatic hypertrophy agents)如,sitogluside,治疗前列腺增生(prostatichyperplasia)药物,如tamsulosin hydrochloride,或前列腺生长抑制剂(prostategrowth inhibitors)如pentomone。
生物活性分子A(A-B-C-mAb)也可以是抗代谢药物(antimetabolic agents),如methotrexate(MTX).抗代谢药物(Antimetabolites)可以是,但不限于,这些化合物和其衍生物:azathioprine,cladribine,trimetrexate glucuronate,urethane,vinblastinesulfate,vincristine sulfate等等.可以是一种叶酸类抗代谢药物(folic acid-typeantimetabolite),如methotrexate,proguanil chlorhydrate,pyrimethanime,trimethoprime,or trimetrexate glucuronate,及这些药物的衍生物。
生物活性分子(A)也可以是蒽环类药物(anthracycline)类抗肿瘤药物,包括,但不限于aclarubicine chlorhydrate,daunorubicine chlorhydrate,doxorubicinechlorhydrate,epirubicine chlorhydrate,idarubicine chlorhydrate,pirarubicine,or zorubicine chlorhydrate。生物活性分子(A)可以是camptothecin或其衍生物或相关化合物如10,11methylenedioxycamptothecin,可以是maytansinoid或结构类似的化合物如ansamitocin P3,maytansine,2’-N-demethylmaytanbutine或maytanbicyclinol。
治疗药物(therapeutic agents)或细胞毒性药物(cytotoxic agents)(A)可以是抗肿瘤补充增强剂(supplementary potentiating agents),如,但不限于,三环类抗抑郁药(tricyclic anti-depressant drugs)(例如,imipramine,desipramine,amitryptyline,clomipramine,);非三环类抗抑郁药(non-tricyclic anti-depressantdrugs)(例如,sertraline,trazodone and citalopram);Ca++拮抗剂(antagonists)(例如,verapamil,nifedipine);Calmodulin抑制剂(inhibitors)(例如,prenylamine);Amphotericin B;Triparanol类似物(analogs)(例如,tamoxifen);抗心律失常药物(antiarrhythmic drugs)(例如,quinidine);降压药(antihypertensive drugs)(例如,reserpine);Thiol depleters(例如,buthionine和sulfoximine)和抗耐药基因药物(multiple drug resistance(MDR)reducing agents)如Cremaphor EL。
与全人源或人源化SSTR2单克隆抗体连接的生物活性分子A(A-B-C-mAb)可以是,但不限于,多肽,细胞因子(cytokines),激素(hormone),其他蛋白分子或蛋白片段,其他抗体或抗体片段等等。例如angiotensin II,gonadotropin-releasing hormone,bombesin,生长抑素(somatostatin),Pituitary AdenylateCyclaseActivatingPeptide(PACAP),Urotensin II,vasoactive peptide(VIP),Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone(GHRH),glucagon,glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1)Secretin,substance P,neuropeptide Y(NPY),cell penetrating peptide(CPP)(如TAT peptide),干扰素interferons,白细胞介素interleukines(IL1,I L2,IL3),淋巴因子Lymphokine,肿瘤坏死因子tumor necrosisfactor,趋化因子(Chemokines)(如CCL1,CCL2,CCL3,CCL4).Parathyroid hormone,gonadal hormones,adrenocortical hormones,thyroid hormones,胰岛素(insulin)。
与全人源或人源化SSTR2单克隆抗体连接的生物活性分子A(A-B-C-mAb)可以是,但不限于,放射性同位素或放射性同位素标记物如Rhenium188,Fibrinogen 1 125;Fludeoxyglucose F 18;Fluorodopa F 18;Insulin I 125;Insulin I 131;lobenguane I123;Iodipamide Sodium I 131;Iodoantipyrine I 131;Technetium Tc 99m Medronate;Technetium Tc 99m Mertiatide;Technetium Tc 99m Oxidronate;Technetium Tc 99mPentetate;Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate Calcium Trisodium;Technetium Tc 99mSestamibi;Technetium Tc 99m Siboroxime;Technetium Tc 99m;Succimer;TechnetiumTc 99m Sulfur Colloid;Technetium Tc 99m Teboroxime;Technetium Tc 99mTetrofosmin;Technetium Tc 99m Tiatide;Thyroxine 1 125;Thyroxine 1 131;Tolpovidone 1 131;Gd3+,Fe3+,Mn3+。或者放射性标记物如多肽,蛋白,抗体,螯合基团,核酸,DNA,RNA等。可以用放射性同位素(radioisotopes)如75Br,77Br,76Br,122I,123I,124I,125I,129I,131I,90Y或211At等等标记这些待标记物如多肽,螯合基团,核酸,DNA等。如,将90Y经一个螯合基团(a chelating group)标记到多肽链的氨基上,再与抗体相连。
与全人源或人源化SSTR2单克隆抗体连接的生物活性分子A(A-B-C-mAb)可以是,但不限于,诊断标记如荧光分子(如fluorescein,rhodamine,Texas red,pyridyloxazole,merocyanine,oxazine170,acridine yellow)或荧光蛋白(如荧光蛋白GFP,YFP,RFP)或荧光分子标记物(如多肽,蛋白,抗体,螯合基团,核酸,DNA,RNA等等),或其他已知的各种染料(dye),颜色(color),重金属,放射性同位素等,或其标记物(如多肽,蛋白,抗体,螯合基团,核酸,DNA,RNA等等)。这些诊断标记可以经不同方式方法连接到抗体上。可以是连接一个,两个或多个诊断标记。如在多肽链上双碘标记的同时,再将90Y经一个螯合基团标记到多肽链的氨基上构成有三个诊断标记的多肽标记物。
与全人源或人源化SSTR2单克隆抗体连接的生物活性分子A可以是,但不限于,核酸或核酸片段,如针对各种基因的oligoDNA,oligoRNA,siRNA,microRNA等等。
与全人源或人源化SSTR2单克隆抗体连接的生物活性分子A可以是,但不限于,螯合基团(chelating groups)。螯合基团可以与肽,或诊断标记(如荧光,放射性同位素)或蛋白,或抗体相连。螯合基团可以是,但不限于,连接多肽与放射性标记,连接多肽与荧光标记,连接荧光标记与抗体。例如螯合基团可以是一个双功能稳定螯合剂(bifunctionalstable chelator),该螯合剂可以连接到一个或多个氨基酸的活性基团(reactivegroups)上,该氨基酸基团可以是末端或中间(terminal或internal)。可以连接到isothiocyanateβ-Ala或非α氨基酸连接链(nonα-amino acid linker)上以防降解。如,ininocarboxylic和polyaminopolycarboxylic反应基团(reactive groups),DTPA(N,N-Bis[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl]glycine),和DOPA(1,4,7,10-tetraaazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid)。
以全人源或人源化SSTR2单克隆抗体开发的药物(A-B-C-mAb)可以用于,但不限于,人类疾病如肿瘤,感染疾病,免疫病,代谢(Metabolic)疾病等。
全人源或人源化SSTR2单克隆抗体药物(A-B-C-mAb)可以作用于,但不限于,肿瘤(癌)或肿瘤血管细胞表面的SSTR2来治疗多种肿瘤(癌),如,肺癌,胰腺癌,内分泌瘤,类癌(carcinoid),鼻咽癌,前列腺癌,神经瘤,宫颈癌,乳腺癌,卵巢癌,血管发生(angiogenesis)。
全人源或人源化SSTR2单克隆抗体药物(A-B-C-mAb)可以用于,但不限于,治疗感染疾病如艾滋病(AIDS),肝炎,结核,疟疾。
全人源或人源化SSTR2单克隆抗体药物(A-B-C-mAb)可以用于,但不限于,器官(如肝脏,肾脏,)移植相关的免疫抑制,或者治疗自身免疫病如红斑狼苍瘡,类风湿性关节炎,I型糖尿病,甲状腺疾病,溶血性贫血,银屑病,原发性胆汁性肝硬化。
全人源或人源化SSTR2单克隆抗体药物(A-B-C-mAb)可以用于,但不限于,治疗代谢疫病如痛風,II型糖尿病,肥胖,高尿酸血症,高血壓。
本发明并不局限于以上所述,凡在本发明基础上的关于全人源或人源化SSTR2单克隆抗体,及其相关药物或诊断试剂的相关开发与应用都在本发明保护范围内。
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Claims (10)
1.全人源(fully human)或人源化(humanized)生长抑素受体II(somatostatinreceptor II,SSTR2,sst2)单克隆抗体(monoclonal antibody)及其单克隆抗体药物和单克隆抗体诊断试剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述,其特征在于(但不限于):SSTR2包含两个亚型SSTR2a(sst2a)和SSTR2b(sst2b),其蛋白序列分别为369aa和346aa(可以有一些变化如transcriptvariants)。SSTR2蛋白序列有七个过膜结构域(transmembrane domain,TM),三个膜外环和一个膜外N端,三个膜内环和一个膜内N端。针对SSTR2(SSTR2a(sst2a)和SSTR2b(sst2b))及其特性可以构建和获得全人源或人源化生长抑素受体II(SSTR2)单克隆抗体,并以此开发SSTR2为靶向的抗体药物和SSTR2为分子靶标的诊断试剂。全人源或人源化单克隆抗体制备方法也为已知的,如,(但不限于),噬菌体展示(Phagedisplay),细胞展示技术,或转基因(transgenic)老鼠等。
其特征在于:可以(但不限于)通过计算机模拟,预测,软件分析和实验,筛选最佳SSTR2特定序列片段作为免疫原(immunogen)。作为免疫原的SSTR2特定序列片段可以是SSTR2受体序列中任何部位的一段片段。例如免疫原序列片段可以是,但不限于,LRSNQWGRSSCTINWPGES,MDMADEPLNGSHTWLSIPFDLNGSVVSTNTSNQTE,VALVHWPFGKAICRVVMTVD,VSSVSMAISPTPALKGMFD,RSNQWGRSSCTINWP,FKKSFQNVLCLVKVSGTDDGERSDSKQDKSRLNETTETQRTLLNGDLQTSI等等。用于构建全人源或人源化SSTR2单克隆抗体的SSTR2免疫原可以是,但不限于,一个或多个序列,序列长度可以变化,不限于所列片段之序列长度,个别氨基酸也可以不同。由于人与其它物种的SSTR2序列相似度高,有些部位甚至完全相同,因而也可以借鉴其它物种SSTR2序列设计全人源或人源化SSTR2单克隆抗体所需免疫原序列(不仅限于所示SSTR2蛋白序列)。
3.根据权利要求1,2所述,其特征在于:全人源或人源化生长抑素受体II(SSTR2)单克隆抗体药物可以是,但不限于,SSTR2单克隆抗体本身和SSTR2单克隆抗体复合物(如SSTR2单克隆抗体纳米材料复合物(nanoparticle complex))。
4.根据权利要求1,2所述,其特征在于:全人源或人源化生长抑素受体II(SSTR2)单克隆抗体药物或诊断试剂可以是,但不限于,生物活性分子与SSTR2单克隆抗体的复合物,其形式(formula)为A-B-C-mAb。在A-B-C-mAb中,
mAb代表全人源或人源化SSTR2单克隆抗体。
B和C为药物(A)与抗体(mAb)之间的连接链(linkers),可以是(但不限于)肽(peptide),氨基酸,葡萄糖醛酸(glucuronides),腙(hydrazone),二硫桥(disulfidebridge),硫醚(thioether),螯合基团(chelating groups)等(32)。可以是可裂解的连接链(cleavable linkers)如Val-Ala,或非裂解的连接链(Non-cleavable linkers).或两个或多个联合应用(如多肽与硫醚一起作为连接链,多肽连接链一端接螯合基团,另一端接硫醚,构成完整的连接链),将药物与SSTR2单克隆抗体连接在一起。B主要是连接A,C主要是连接mAb。B和C两者可以省略,直接应用腙,二硫桥等连接A与mAb,或省略B或C两者之一。连接链(linkers)的应用与策略主要基于不同抗体,不同药物等多方面的考量。
C为连接链,可以是(但不限于)一个氨基酸或多肽(可以是合两个或多个氨基酸)(自然肽氨基酸或修饰后的氨基酸),如D-Tyr,DTyr-DSer,DSer-Lys-D-Tyr,Val-Ala等)或为腙(hydrazone),二硫桥(disulfide bridge),硫醚(thioether)等,或联合应用(如,但不限于,多肽与硫醚一起作为连接链,氨基酸与螯合基团一起),将药物与SSTR2单克隆抗体连接在一起。C也可以省略。
B可以是(但不限于)一个氨基酸或多肽(可以是合两个或多个氨基酸)(自然肽氨基酸或修饰后的氨基酸)如DPro,Dab-LSer,LPro-DAsn等),或为腙(hydrazone),二硫桥(disulfide bridge),硫醚(thioether)等,或联合应用(如,但不限于,多肽与硫醚一起作为连接链,氨基酸与螯合基团一起),将药物与SSTR2单克隆抗体连接在一起。B可以更偏向于增加抗体复合物的的亲水性。B可以带有一聚合物(polymer)或亲水聚合物(如polyethylene glycol,polyvinyl alcohol,polyvinyl acetate),或为其他连接链。B也可以省略。
A为生物活性分子,可以通过(但不限于)连接链(linkers)如,二硫桥(disulfidebridge),腙(hydrazine),或者硫醚(thioether)等直接与SSTR2单克隆抗体相连,或经由连接链(linkers)如多肽(peptide),单个氨基酸,(B或C)或其他部分间接与SSTR2单克隆抗体相连。A可以是(但不限于)治疗药物(therapeutic agents),细胞毒性药物(cytotoxicagents),检测标记(detectable labels),核酸(nucleic acid)(如核酸,核酸片段(nucleic acid fragment)或oligoDNA,oligoRNA等),活性多肽(biologically activepeptide),以及螯合基团chelating groups等等。
5.根据权利要求4所述,其特征在于:与全人源或人源化生长抑素受体II(SSTR2)单克隆抗体连接的生物活性分子A可以是,但不限于,任何用于治疗,诊断人类疾病或其他处理的治疗药物,细胞毒性药物,抗代谢药物,抗细胞增殖药物。这些药物可以是(但不限于)促进或抑制生物活性的,抗肿瘤的,细胞毒性的,抗病毒的,免疫抑制的,抗感染的。可以是(但不限于)烷化剂(alkylating agents),抗生素,抗代谢药,免疫调节剂,拓扑酶(topoisomerases)抑制剂,微管蛋白抑制剂,激素激动剂(agonists)或拮抗剂(antagonists)。这些药物可以通过直接或间接作用或补充剂(supplementary agents)起作用。例如,但不限于,camptothecin,colchicine,methotrexate,paclitaxel,combretastatin,Anastrozole;Sirolimus(rapamycin,FK506),mycophenolate sodium(Myfortic),tacrolimus,galocitabine;ganirelix;gelatinase抑制剂(inhibitors);gemcitabine;glutathione抑制剂,telomerase抑制剂。
6.根据权利要求4所述,其特征在于:与全人源或人源化生长抑素受体II(SSTR2)单克隆抗体连接的生物活性分子A可以是,但不限于,任何自然存在的,修饰的,合成的多肽(蛋白与抗体为长链大分子多肽)。这些多肽可以是(但不限于)激素(hormones),生长因子(growth factors),细胞因子(cytokines),神经传递因子(neurotransmitters),抗原(antigens),抗体(antibodies)和其它蛋白(proteins)等。细胞因子(cytokines)可以是(但不限于),趋化因子chemokines,干扰素interferons,肿瘤坏死因子(TNF),淋巴因子lymphokines,白细胞介素interleukines。活性多肽(biologically active peptide)(各种多肽,细胞因子(cytokines),激素(hormone),等等)。
多肽可以是,但不限于,单链多肽(linear peptide),聚合多肽(polypeptide),环状多肽(cyclic peptide),分支多肽(branched peptide)。多肽包括短链肽(尤指寡聚肽oligopeptide,或低聚物oligomer)以及长链肽(氨基酸序列长至100氨基酸残基)。多肽包括自然修饰的或化学修饰的氨基酸或多肽序列。
例如,但不限于,angiotensin II,gonadotropin-releasing hormone,bombesin,somatostatin,Pituitary AdenylateCyclaseActivating Peptide(PACAP),UrotensinII,vasoactive peptide(VIP),Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone(GHRH),glucagon,Secretin,substance P,neuropeptide Y(NPY),cell penetrating peptide(CPP),白细胞介素IL1,IL2,IL3,趋化因子CCL1,CCL2,CCL3,CCL4.Parathyroid hormone,gonadalhormones,adrenocortical hormones,thyroid hormones,胰岛素(insulin)。
7.根据权利要求4所述,其特征在于:与全人源或人源化生长抑素受体II(SSTR2)单克隆抗体连接的生物活性分子A可以是,但不限于,任何用于诊断的检测标记(detectablelabels)。可以是,但不限于,包含一个或多个如下特性:荧光,颜色,细胞毒性(toxicity),放射性(radioactivity),辐射敏感(radiosensitivity),光敏感(photosensitivity),非放射性。检测标记可以是,但不限于,细胞毒性和非细胞毒性,直接连接到抗体上某氨基酸部位,也可以通过螯合基团,肽或其它分子或连接链与抗体连接。检测标记可以是重金属离子,或稀土离子。放射性检测标记可以是各种放射性同位素标记(如,但不限于,I125,I131,I123,Se 75,Fibrinogen 1 125;)。或者这些放射性物标记在某氨基酸或其它基团上,如DTyr,DPhe等。非放射性检测标记可以是各种已知的荧光(fluorescence)(如荧光分子fluorescein,rhodamine,Texas red, pyridyloxazole,merocyanine,oxazine170,acridine yellow,或荧光蛋白,如,荧光蛋白GFP,YFP,RFP,或其他荧光分子标记物)或染料(dye)。毒性(toxic)检测标记可以是蓖麻毒素(ricin),或如上所述的放射性物,化学治疗药物,辐射敏感剂等。
8.根据权利要求4所述,其特征在于:与全人源或人源化生长抑素受体II(SSTR2)单克隆抗体连接的生物活性分子A可以是,但不限于,任何螯合基团,可以用于连接多肽与放射性标记,连接多肽与荧光标记,连接荧光标记与抗体等等的螯合基团。可以是与肽类药物(peptide agent)偶联的基团,也可以是与检测标记(如荧光,染料,放射性同位素等)形成复合物(complex),如金属(metal),光敏感剂。螯合基团可以是一个双功能稳定螯合剂(bifunctional stable chelator)。例如,但不限于,DTPA(N,N-Bis[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl]glycine),DOPA(1,4,7,10-tetraaazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraaceticacid)。
9.根据权利要求4所述,其特征在于:与全人源或人源化生长抑素受体II(SSTR2)单克隆抗体连接的生物活性分子A可以是,但不限于,核酸或核酸片段(包括DNA和RNA)。如,但不限于,作用于各种基因的相关的oligoDNA,oligoRNA,oligoPNA,siRNA,microRNA或类似物等。
10.根据权利要求3,4所述,其特征在于:(1),以全人源或人源化生长抑素受体II(SSTR2)单克隆抗体开发的药物可以用于,但不限于,治疗人类疾病如肿瘤(如,肺癌,胰腺癌,内分泌瘤,类癌(carcinoid),鼻咽癌,前列腺癌,神经瘤,宫颈癌,乳腺癌,卵巢癌,血管发生等),感染疾病(如艾滋病(AIDS),肝炎,结核,疟疾),器官移植(如肾脏移植,肝脏移植等)的免疫抑制和免疫病(如红斑狼苍瘡,类风湿性关节炎,I型糖尿病,甲状腺疾病,溶血性贫血,银屑病,原发性胆汁性肝硬化等),代谢(Metabolic)疾病(如痛風,II型糖尿病,肥胖,高尿酸血症,高血壓等)等。(2),以全人源或人源化生长抑素受体II(SSTR2)单克隆抗体开发的诊断试剂可以是,但不限于,各种诊断试剂和诊断手段,如,酶联免疫试剂,荧光标记诊断试剂,胶体金试纸条,纳米金颗粒,肿瘤成像(imaging),人体显像(scintigraphy)等。
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