CN109417659A - 防水传声片材 - Google Patents

防水传声片材 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109417659A
CN109417659A CN201780041526.6A CN201780041526A CN109417659A CN 109417659 A CN109417659 A CN 109417659A CN 201780041526 A CN201780041526 A CN 201780041526A CN 109417659 A CN109417659 A CN 109417659A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
waterproof
transaudient
layer
sheet material
stiffener
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201780041526.6A
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English (en)
Other versions
CN109417659B (zh
Inventor
徐寅踊
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Amogreentech Co Ltd
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Amogreentech Co Ltd
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Publication of CN109417659A publication Critical patent/CN109417659A/zh
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    • G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
    • G10K11/24—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound for conducting sound through solid bodies, e.g. wires
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    • H04R2499/00—Aspects covered by H04R or H04S not otherwise provided for in their subgroups
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Abstract

公开了一种防水传声片材，其中，在防水传声层上形成加强构件，以在约1atm或更大的水压下使位移最小化的同时保持拉伸收缩性能，从而保持防水性能和传声性能。所公开的防水传声片材包括：由具有弹性的膜制成的防水传声层；粘附到防水传声层的一个表面上的第一粘合层；粘附到防水传声层的另一表面上的第二粘合层；以及由硬化材料构成并且形成在防水传声层上的加强构件，从而通过即使在施加约1atm或更大的压力下使防水传声层的位移最小化的同时保持防水传声层的拉伸收缩性能，以保持防水和传声性能。

Description

防水传声片材
技术领域
本发明涉及一种防水传声片材，更具体地，涉及一种用于提高声音传递效率并增强防水性能的防水传声片材(waterproof sound-transmitting sheet)。
背景技术
近年来，诸如便携式终端、数码相机和笔记本之类的移动电子设备被越来越多地使用。这种移动电子设备需要具有防水功能，因为它是便携式的。然而，用于发出声音的声孔形成在安装有扬声器、麦克风等的部分上，并且水或灰尘会通过声孔渗透到电子设备中。
因此，声孔设置有防水传声片材，以用于使声音穿过并阻挡水或灰尘。制造这种防水传声片材应该考虑到防水性能和声音传递效率。
关于防水传声片材，韩国公开专利公报10-2010-0041839(2010年4月22日)公开了一种由多孔聚四氟乙烯膜构成的结构。
然而，存在的问题是，传统的防水传声膜仅由多孔聚四氟乙烯膜构成，随着使用时间变长，使得该防水传声膜由于外部施加的冲击或声压而被拉伸。
此时，存在的问题是，随着传统的防水传声膜因为压力而拉伸，多孔膜的微孔变大，使得防水性能降低，并且当压力保持不变时，恢复力(弹性)减小，使得声学性能降低或丧失。
为了解决这些问题，传统上，开发了由防水层和支撑层构成的防水传声片材。此时，由于过去需要在约0.1atm至0.2atm下的防水性能，因此开发出一种防水传声片材，该防水传声片材具有由用于传声的多孔材料形成、并且堆叠防水层和保护层以通过声压移动的结构。
同时，传统上，防水传声片材应用于便携式终端并且需要具有在约0.1atm至0.2atm下的防水性能，但是由于防水传声片材近期应用于智能手表，需要在约5atm(约50米水深)下的防水性能，这是防水手表的参考标准。
然而，防水层由多孔材料构成，使得当对防水层施加约5atm的压力时，传统的防水传声片材的保护层通过施加到其上的压力而拉伸，从而增加了防水层的拉伸程度。
因此，存在的问题是，在传统的防水传声片材中，防水层的微孔的尺寸变大，从而降低了防水性能。
另外，传统的防水传声片材是基于约0.1atm至0.2atm的压力设计的，使得当近期需要对防水传声片材连续施加约5atm的压力时，防水层的弹性丧失，因此不能在已经朝向保护层拉伸的状态下使防水层恢复。
因此，存在的问题是，在传统的防水传声片材中，声音损失和噪声是由通过扬声器或麦克风的声压移动的保护层与被拉伸的防水层之间的碰撞引起的，从而降低了传声性能。
另外，存在的问题是，传统的防水传声片材通过薄膜状粘合层粘附到便携式终端，使得当对其施加约5atm的压力时，粘合层在防水层被拉伸时与便携式终端分离，从而降低了防水性能。
发明内容
技术问题
本公开旨在解决上述问题，并且本公开的目的是提供一种防水传声片材，该防水传声片材在防水传声层上形成加强构件以在约1atm或更高的压力下保持弹性的同时使位移量最小化，从而保持防水性能和传声性能。
技术方案
为了实现本公开的目的，根据本公开的实施例的防水传声片材包括防水传声层，该防水传声层由具有弹性的膜形成；第一粘合层，该第一粘合层粘附在防水传声层的一个表面上；加强构件，该加强构件具有大于防水传声层的刚度的刚度，并且与第一粘合层隔开，以形成在防水传声层上。
加强构件可以形成在防水传声层的一个表面和另一表面中的至少一个上，以改善防水传声层的耐水压特性。
加强构件的厚度可以形成为比第一粘合层的厚度更薄，并且加强构件可以具有环形形状。
加强构件在施加1atm的压力时不变形，并且可以构造成包含聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET；polyethylene terephthalate)、聚丙烯(PP；polypropylene、聚乙烯(PE；polyethylene)和尼龙(Nylon)中的至少一种。
可以通过使防水传声层的一些区域硬化来形成加强构件。
因此，防水传声层可以包括用于传声的第一区域和用于增强防水传声层的强度的第二区域，并且第一区域可以设置在第二区域的外周边上。
防水传声层还可以包括用于传声的第三区域，第三区域可以设置在具有环形形状的第二区域的内周边上。
防水传声层还可包括第四区域，第四区域设置在第一区域的外周边上，以粘附到第一粘合层。
第一粘合层可以形成为环形形状，第一粘合层具有形成在第一粘合层中的孔。
根据本公开的实施例的防水传声片材还可包括形成为环形形状的第二粘合层，以粘附到防水传声层的另一表面，第二粘合层具有形成在第二粘合层中的孔。
有益效果
根据本公开，由于防水传声层的拉伸收缩性能根据材料而固定，因此防水传声片材可以在防水传声层上形成加强构件，从而通过在约1atm或更高的压力下保持防水传声层的拉伸-收缩性能的同时使位移量最小化，来防止防水传声层的变形。
另外，防水传声片材可以在防水传声层上形成加强构件，从而使由于压力引起的应力区域和拉伸收缩区域最小化。
另外，防水传声片材可以在防水传声层上形成加强构件，从而通过加强构件吸收压力来最小化防水传声层的恢复力(弹性)的降低，以减小由于压力引起的位移量。
另外，防水传声片材可以形成有加强构件，以最小化防水传声层的恢复力(弹性)的降低，从而即使在对防水传声片材施加约5atm的高水压约10分钟之后也能够实现稳定的声音传递以保持传声性能。
另外，防水传声片材可以在防水传声层上形成加强构件，从而在相同的声压下与传统防水传声片材相比能够稳定地传递声音。
附图说明
图1和图2是用于说明根据本公开的实施例的防水传声片材的示意图。
图3至图6是用于说明图1的加强构件的示意图。
图7和图8是用于说明在传统防水传声片材和根据本公开的实施例的防水传声片材之间的比较的示意图。
具体实施方式
在下文中，将参照附图描述本公开的最优选实施例，使得本公开所属领域的技术人员可以容易地实践本公开的技术精神。首先，在对每个附图中的部件添加附图标记时，应注意，相同的部件由相同的附图标记表示，即使它们在不同的附图中示出。另外，在本公开的以下描述中，相关的、已知的构型或功能的详细描述在确定会使本公开的主题模糊不清时将被省略。
参见图1和图2，防水传声片材100被构造成包括具有弹性(拉伸收缩性能)的防水传声层120、粘附到防水传声层120的上表面的第一粘合层140、粘附到防水传声层120的下表面的第二粘合层160，以及形成在防水传声层120上的加强构件180。
也就是说，防水传声片材100具有分别粘附到防水传声层120的上表面和下表面的第一粘合层140和第二粘合层160，所述防水传声层具有形成在其至少一个表面上的加强构件180。此时，防水传声片材100还可包括支撑层(未示出)和插入在第二粘合层160与麦克风或扬声器模块之间的第三粘合层(未示出)。
防水传声层120由预定形状的薄膜形成。此时，防水传声层120由各种形状的薄膜形成，根据适用装置的声孔和内部联接结构等，所述形状例如为圆形、椭圆形、正方形和六边形。
通常，由于可应用防水传声片100的适用装置具有非常小的圆形形状的声孔，因此防水传声层120主要形成为圆形或椭圆形。
另外，防水传声层120可以由厚度为约5μm至100μm的薄膜形成，这取决于适用装置所需的传声性能和防水性能。此时，考虑到适用装置的厚度，防水传声层120也可以形成为5μm或更小以及100μm或更大的厚度。这里，防水传声层120在约为5μm处具有最高的传声性能。
防水传声层120由通过电纺丝形成的无孔膜构成，以便在高水压下提供防水性能。例如，防水传声层120可以由高弹性无孔膜形成，通过对聚合物材料进行电纺丝、在织物上形成聚合物材料层、然后对所述聚合物材料层进行热处理以使该结构在织物上熔化，所述高弹性无孔膜得以成形。
这里，聚合物材料可以使用芳香型聚酯，例如聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚(间苯二甲酰间苯二胺)、聚砜、聚醚酮、聚醚酰亚胺，聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯和聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯；聚磷腈，例如，聚四氟乙烯、聚二苯氧磷腈、和聚{双[2-(2-甲氧乙氧基)磷腈]}；含有聚氨酯和聚醚氨酯的聚氨酯共聚物；乙酸纤维素；乙酸丁酸纤维素；乙酸丙酸纤维素等。此外，聚合物材料可以使用聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚(偏二氟乙烯-共-六氟丙烯)、全氟聚合物、聚氯乙烯或聚偏二氯乙烯及其共聚物；以及含有聚乙二醇二烷基醚和聚乙二醇二烷基酯的聚乙二醇衍生物，含有聚(氧亚甲基-低聚-氧乙烯)、聚环氧乙烷和聚环氧丙烷的多氧化物，含有聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚(乙烯吡咯烷酮-乙酸乙烯酯)、聚苯乙烯和聚苯乙烯丙烯腈共聚物的聚丙烯腈共聚物，聚丙烯腈，聚丙烯腈甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物及其混合物。
防水传声层120通过电纺丝而形成，使得所述防水传声层的厚度易于调节。特别地，防水传声层120的厚度通过使用电纺丝工艺容易且薄地形成，从而形成具有总体优异的传声性能的防水传声片材100。多孔型防水传声片材100对片材的厚度相对较不敏感，因为它通过孔传递声音。相反，无孔型防水传声片100需要具有薄的片材厚度，使得其一个表面上的声音振动可以更有效地传递到其另一个表面。
另外，由于防水传声层120形成为无孔型，因此可以实现比包括孔型防水传声层120的防水传声片材100的防水性能更高的防水性能。
防水传声层120还可以由高弹性(高拉伸-收缩性)和通过除电纺丝之外的方法制造的无孔膜组成，以便在高水压下提供防水性能。例如，防水传声层120可以由诸如乳胶、聚氨酯(PU；polyurethane)或热塑性聚氨酯(TPU；Thermoplastic Poly Urethane)的高弹性材料构成，并且可以形成为无孔膜形状以在约1atm或更高的压力下保持防水性能。
此时，当在高弹性材料中形成大量孔时，防水传声层120可以在约0.1atm至0.2atm的压力下提供防水性能，但是当约为1atm或更高的压力被施加到防水传声层，则孔可能因水压而变大，从而降低防水性能。
因此，为了在约5atm或更高的压力下提供防水性能，防水传声层120优选地由无孔膜构成。此时，防水传声层120不仅限于无孔膜，在某些情况下也可以由多孔材料形成。
第一粘合层140由预定形状的、其中具有孔142的薄膜形成。第一粘合层140的上表面粘附到形成在适用装置中的声孔，并且第一粘合层的下表面粘附到防水传声层120的上表面。
第一粘合层140可以由各种形状的薄膜形成，根据防水传声层120的形状，所述第一粘合层的该各种形状例如为圆形、椭圆形、正方形和六边形。此时，第一粘合层140具有形成在第一粘合层中的用于传声的孔142。
第二粘合层160由具有预定厚度的薄膜形成，以用于确保防水传声层120与适用装置的麦克风或扬声器模块之间的间隔距离。第二粘合层160的上表面粘附到防水传声层120的下表面，并且第二粘合层160的下表面粘附到适用装置的麦克风或扬声器模块。
此时，第二粘合层160也可以由具有弹性的材料(如海绵或泡沫(foam))形成。在这种情况下，第二粘合层160安装在防水传声层120和麦克风或扬声器模块之间，以用作密封材料。
第二粘合层160可以由各种形状的薄膜形成，根据防水传声层120的形状，所述第二粘合层的该各种形状例如为圆形、椭圆形、正方形和六边形。此时，第二粘合层160具有形成在第二粘合层中的用于传声的孔162。
加强构件180形成在防水传声层120上，以使因为水压而拉伸和收缩的区域(在下文中称为拉伸收缩区域)最小化。此时，加强构件180使防水传声层120的拉伸收缩区域在满足所需的传声性能的范围内最小化。为此，加强构件180与第一粘合层140间隔开以形成在防水传声层120上。
加强构件180可以由各种形状的薄膜形成，该各种形状例如为圆形、椭圆形、正方形和六边形。此时，如图3所示，加强构件180可以具有形成在加强构件中的用于传声的孔182，以同样形成为环形。
加强构件180由硬化材料形成，该硬化材料的刚度高于防水传声层120的刚度，以形成在防水传声层120的上表面和下表面中的至少一个上。也就是说，加强构件180由即使在约5atm的压力下刚度也不会变化的硬化材料形成，该硬化材料例如为待粘合到防水传声层120的上表面和下表面中的至少一个上的、包含聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET；polyethylene terephthalate)、聚丙烯(PP；polypropylene)、聚乙烯(PE；polyethylene)和尼龙(Nylon)中的至少一种的膜。
此时，如图4所示，在加强构件180仅形成在防水传声层120的下表面上的情况下，当防水传声层120通过水压向下(即，朝向扬声器或麦克风模块)拉伸时，粘附到防水传声层120的一个表面的外周边会分离。
因此，优选的是，加强构件180仅形成在防水传声层的上表面上，或者形成在其上表面和下表面上，以便改善耐水压特性(参见图5)。
根据要形成的位置，加强构件180形成为具有比第一粘合层140或第二粘合层160的厚度更薄的厚度。也就是说，当加强构件形成在防水传声层120的上表面上时，加强构件180形成为具有比第一粘合层140的厚度更薄的厚度，并且当加强构件形成在防水传声层120的下表面上时，加强构件形成为具有比第二粘合层160的厚度更薄的厚度。
此时，当加强构件180形成为具有等于或大于第一粘合层140或第二粘合层160的厚度的厚度时，通过干涉降低了传声性能。也就是说，加强构件180与适用装置200的壳体紧密接触，或者与麦克风或扬声器模块紧密接触，以在传递声音时减少防水传声层120的振动位移，从而降低传声性能。
同时，加强构件180还可以通过使防水传声层120的一部分硬化(hardening)来形成。也就是说，如图6所示，可以通过使防水传声层120的一些区域硬化来消除相应区域的拉伸收缩性能，从而形成刚度高于防水传声层120的刚度的加强构件180。
例如，通过仅对防水传声层120中的将要形成加强构件180的区域施加热以使其熔化，可以消除相应区域的拉伸-收缩性能以形成刚度高于防水传声层120的刚度的加强构件180。
作为另一示例，通过在防水传声层120中设定要形成加强构件180的区域，然后注入或浸渍硬化剂(例如，粘合剂、硬化液等)，也可以使要形成加强构件180的区域硬化，以形成刚度高于防水传声层120的刚度的加强构件180。
如上所述，当形成加强构件180时，防水传声层120可以分成第一区域至第四区域。
第一区域是用于传声的区域，并且插入在加强构件180和粘合层之间(即，第一粘合层140和第二粘合层160之间)。也就是说，第一区域介于第二区域的外周边和第四区域的内周边之间。
第二区域是用于增强防水传声层的强度的区域，并且是加强构件180形成在其中或粘附到其上的部分。
第三区域是用于传声的区域，并且设置在形成为环形形状的加强构件180的内周边上。
第四区域是防水传声层120和适用装置200彼此粘附发生的区域，并且设置在第一区域的外周边上以粘附到第一粘合层140。此时，第四区域设置在第一区域的外周边上。
参照图7，传统的防水传声片材10通过第一粘合层14粘合到适用装置200的声孔220，并通过第二粘合层16粘合到嵌入在适用装置200中的麦克风或扬声器模块240。
此时，在传统的防水传声片材10中，当向传统的防水传声片材施加水压时，在防水传声层12的整个区域中形成由于水压引起的应力区域和拉伸收缩区域。
因此，当防水传声层12的恢复力(弹性)减小时，传统的防水传声片材10保持在拉伸状态，从而降低了传声性能。也就是说，在传统的防水传声片材10中，当防水传声层12保持在伸展状态时，不会传递由于声压引起的振动，从而不进行声音传递或降低声音传递效率，从而降低了传声性能。
相反，参照图8，根据本公开的实施例的防水传声片材100通过第一粘合层140粘合到适用装置200的声孔220，并且通过第二粘合层160粘合到嵌入在适用装置200中的麦克风或扬声器模块240，并且加强构件180形成在防水传声层120上。
作为实验的结果，声音传递所需的振动位移相当小，使得即使在防水传声片材100的区域变窄以减小振动位移时也可以进行声音传递。
然而，当防水传声片材100的区域变窄时，这会变得难以将防水传声片材安装在具有相对宽的区域的麦克风或扬声器模块中。
因此，根据本公开的实施例的防水传声片材100在防水传声层120上形成加强构件180，从而使防水传声层120在高水压(大气压力)下的位移最小化。
因此，根据本公开的实施例的防水传声片材100可以在根据材料而具有预定拉伸收缩性能的防水传声层120上形成加强构件，从而通过在保持防水传声层在约1atm或更高的压力下的拉伸-收缩性能的同时使位移量最小化，来防止防水传声层变形。
另外，根据本公开的实施例的防水传声片材100可以使得由于水压(或大气压力)引起的位移仅发生在防水传声层120的整个区域中的未形成加强构件180的区域中，从而使由于水压引起的应力区域最小化，并使拉伸收缩区域最小化。
因此，根据本公开的实施例的防水传声片材100可以防止防水传声层120与麦克风或扬声器模块240碰撞，并且可以防止防水传声层120的拉伸-收缩性能的损失，因此即使在高水压下也能保持防水和传声性能。
另外，根据本公开的实施例的防水传声片材100可以在防水传声层120上形成加强构件180，从而在相同的声压下与传统的防水传声片材相比能稳定地进行声音传递。
如上所述，尽管已经描述了根据本公开的优选实施例，但是应该理解，这些实施例可以被修改为各种形式，并且本领域技术人员可以在不脱离本公开的范围的情况下实现其各种修改和改变。

Claims (12)

1.一种防水传声片材，包括：
防水传声层，所述防水传声层由具有弹性的膜形成；
第一粘合层，所述第一粘合层粘附在所述防水传声层的一个表面上；以及
加强构件，所述加强构件的刚度高于所述防水传声层的刚度，并且所述加强构件与所述第一粘合层隔开，以形成在所述防水传声层上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防水传声片材，
其中，所述加强构件形成在所述防水传声层的一个表面和另一表面中的至少一个上，以改善所述防水传声层的耐水压特性。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防水传声片材，
其中，所述加强构件的厚度形成为比所述第一粘合层的厚度更薄。
4.根据权利要求1的所述防水传声片材，
其中，所述加强构件具有环形形状。
5.根据权利要求1的所述防水传声片材，
其中，当对所述加强构件施加1atm的压力时，所述加强构件不会变形。
6.根据权利要求1的所述防水传声片材，
其中，所述加强构件构造成包含聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET；polyethyleneterephthalate)、聚丙烯(PP；polypropylene)、聚乙烯(PE；polyethylene)和尼龙(Nylon)中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的防水传声片材，
其中，所述加强构件通过使所述防水传声层的一些区域硬化而形成。
8.根据权利要求1所述的防水传声片材，
其中，所述防水传声层包括：
第一区域，所述第一区域用于传声；以及
第二区域，所述第二区域用于加强所述防水传声层的强度，以及其中，
所述第一区域设置在所述第二区域的外周边上。
9.根据权利要求8所述的防水传声片材，
其中，所述防水传声层还包括用于传声的第三区域，以及其中，
所述第三区域设置在具有环形形状的所述第二区域的内周边上。
10.根据权利要求8所述的防水传声片材，
其中，所述防水传声层还包括第四区域，所述第四区域设置在所述第一区域的外周边上，以粘附到所述第一粘合层。
11.根据权利要求1所述的防水传声片材，
其中，所述第一粘合层形成为环形形状并且具有形成在所述第一粘合层中的孔。
12.根据权利要求1所述的防水传声片材，还包括形成为环形形状的第二粘合层，以粘附到所述防水传声层的另一个表面，所述第二粘合层具有形成在所述第二粘合层中的孔。
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