CN109417496A - 虚拟网络环境中的自动服务功能验证 - Google Patents

虚拟网络环境中的自动服务功能验证 Download PDF

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CN109417496A
CN109417496A CN201780041726.1A CN201780041726A CN109417496A CN 109417496 A CN109417496 A CN 109417496A CN 201780041726 A CN201780041726 A CN 201780041726A CN 109417496 A CN109417496 A CN 109417496A
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sff
probe
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CN109417496B (zh
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纳根德拉·库马尔·奈纳尔
拉吉·阿沙提
卡洛斯·M·皮格纳塔鲁
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Cisco Technology Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50Network services
    • H04L67/51Discovery or management thereof, e.g. service location protocol [SLP] or web services
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/08Configuration management of networks or network elements
    • H04L41/0866Checking the configuration
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0805Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability
    • H04L43/0817Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability by checking functioning
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/10Active monitoring, e.g. heartbeat, ping or trace-route
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/72Routing based on the source address
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01Protocols
    • H04L67/10Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

提供了用于提高服务功能链(SFC)中的服务功能(SF)应用的可靠性的系统、方法和计算机可读介质。在一些方面,本主题技术例如通过使用被配置为查询与验证SFF相关联的SF模块的功能类型的探针来促使服务功能转发器(SFF)进行自动服务功能类型验证。

Description

虚拟网络环境中的自动服务功能验证
技术领域
所公开的技术涉及用于提高例如部署在软件定义网络(SDN)或网络功能虚拟化(NFV)环境中的服务功能链(SFC)中的服务功能(SF)实例的可靠性的方法和系统。具体地,本主题技术向服务功能转发器(SFF)提供了通过发起用于查询和验证SF模块的功能类型的探针来验证由服务功能模块(SF模块)实现的服务功能类型的方式。
背景技术
网络功能虚拟化(NFV)技术与软件定义网络(SDN)相结合,有望帮助改变当今的运营商网络。这将改变它们的部署和管理方式,以及服务的交付方式。一些最终目标是使服务提供商能够降低成本、提高业务灵活性并加快新服务的上市时间。
NFV和SDN技术的使用允许网络功能与底层硬件的分离,这使得它们作为商业现成产品和专用硬件上的软件映像或逻辑模块运行。NFV通过使用用以对网络功能进行虚拟化的虚拟化技术(计算机、网络和存储介质)来实现这样的分离。目标是通过仅在需要时分配和使用物理和虚拟资源来减少对专用物理设备的依赖。通过这种方法,服务提供商可以通过在优化通用物理基础架构的使用的同时将组件转移到该通用物理基础架构来降低总体成本,从而允许他们通过根据需要部署新的应用和服务来更加动态地响应不断变化的市场需求。网络功能的虚拟化通过允许针对服务交付的更自动化和流线化的方法,加快了新服务的上市时间。
附图说明
为了描述可以获得本公开的上述和其他优点和特征的方式,将通过参考在附图中示出的其具体实施例来呈现上面简要描述的原理的更具体的描述。应理解,这些附图仅描绘了本公开的各个示例方面,因此不应被视为是对其范围的限制,本文的原理将通过使用附图用附加特征和细节来描述和解释,其中:
图1根据本主题技术的一些方面示出了示例虚拟网络环境的示图。
图2A根据本技术的一些方面示出了服务功能链(SFC)的概念图。
图2B根据本主题技术的一些方面示出了可用于验证SFC中的服务功能类型(例如,一个或多个服务功能模块的服务功能模块类型)的示例对照表。
图3根据本技术的一些方面示出了可用于实现示例服务功能类型验证方法的步骤。
图4示出了网络设备的示例。
图5A和图5B示出了示例系统实施例。
具体实施方式
下面详细讨论本公开的各种实施例。虽然讨论了具体实现方式,但应该理解,这仅是出于说明的目的。相关领域的技术人员将认识到,在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下可以使用其他组件和配置。
概览
本公开的附加特征和优点将在下面的描述中阐述,并且部分地将从该描述中显而易见,或者可以通过实践本文所公开的原理而被获知。可以借助于所附权利要求中特别指出的要素和组合来实现和获得本公开的特征和优点。根据以下描述和所附权利要求,本公开的这些和其他特征将变得更加显而易见,或者可以通过实践本文阐述的原理而被获知。
描述
“服务功能模块”(SF模块)或“SF实例”可以使用硬件和/或软件解决方案(物理的或虚拟的)的组合来实现。如下面进一步详细讨论的,可以使用服务功能转发器(SFF)来促进SF模块上的服务功能(SF)调用,该服务功能转发器例如被配置为接收分组、做出关于可适用服务功能类型的判定、以及可基于该判定将分组转发到适当的SF模块以进行功能调用。与本文所使用的其他虚拟化网络组件类似,SFF可以是使用各种硬件和软件解决方案(物理的或虚拟的)实现的逻辑模块。例如,SF和SFF模块可以由在相同(或不同)虚拟机(VM)上执行的软件例程来实现,或者可以在分开的逻辑环境(例如,在不同的VM上运行、且位于地理上不同的位置处的逻辑环境)中执行。如本文进一步所使用的,一组有序的SF调用可被称为“服务功能链”(SFC)。
尽管SFC例行地被用于促进对业务(traffic)流的预定服务功能的有序执行,但传统的SF和SFF模块不提供用于诊断可能发生在给定SFF和相关SF之间的服务功能错误的方法。也就是说,无法标识SFC中的一个或多个SF模块何时应用了不正确的功能类型(例如,链接错误),或者是否在两个SF模块之间应用了不正确的连接。
例如,给定的SFF可以被编程为利用相关联的SF模块来执行防火墙功能。但是,如果SF模块被错误地编程为调用非预期的功能类型(例如,负载平衡功能),则在将分组转发到SF模块之前/之时,SFF无法诊断出此错误。在分组未经检查地从SF模块返回并被SFF转发(例如,到下一跳)的实现方式中,可能导致安全问题。
本主题技术的各个方面通过提供服务功能转发器(SFF)可以对相应的SF模块执行SF功能(类型)验证的方式来解决上述问题。如下面进一步详细讨论的,SF功能验证的过程可作为例如以下各项的结果自动执行:实例化新的SF,或者检测到SFF转发数据库的变化,或者检测到网络参数的变化(例如检测到SF功能类型编程的变化),或者例如由系统管理员通过控制器进行的其他变化。同样如下面进一步讨论的,由SFF执行的SF类型验证可使用探针(probe)来完成,该探针例如是被设计用于进行从SFF到相应的SF模块的传输以查询由SF模块实现的例如与特定的服务路径标识符(SPI)和服务索引限制(SIL)相对应的至少一个功能的功能类型的单跳SFC路由跟踪(traceroute)分组。
图1示出了其中可实现一个或多个服务功能链的示例虚拟网络环境100的示图。结构112可以表示网络环境100的底层(即,物理网络)。结构112可包括主干路由器1-N(102A-N)(统称为“102”)和叶路由器1-N(104A-N)(统称为“104”)。叶路由器104可驻留在结构112的边缘,并且因此可以表示物理网络边缘。叶路由器104可例如是架顶式(“ToR”)交换机、汇聚交换机、网关、传入和/或传出交换机、提供商边缘设备、和/或任何其他类型的路由或交换设备。
叶路由器104可以负责路由和/或桥接租户或端点分组以及应用网络策略。主干路由器102可以在结构112内执行交换和路由。因此,结构112中的网络连接可以从主干路由器102流向叶路由器104,反之亦然。
叶路由器104可提供服务器1-4(106A-D)(统称为“106”)、超级管理器1-4(108A-108D)(统称为“108”)、虚拟机(VM)1-4(110A-110D)(统称为“110”)、收集器118、引擎120、以及对结构112的层2(L2)网络接入。例如,叶路由器104可以将分组封装到服务器106和从服务器解封装,以在整个环境100中实现通信。叶路由器104还可以将(一个或多个)其他具有网络能力的设备或网络(例如防火墙、数据库、服务器等)连接到结构112。叶路由器104还可提供接入到结构112的任何其他服务器、资源、端点、外部网络、VM、服务、租户、或工作负载。
VM 110可以是由在服务器106上运行的超级管理器108托管的虚拟机。VM 110可以包括在相应服务器上的客户操作系统上运行的工作负载。超级管理器108可以提供创建和运行VM 110的软件、固件、和/或硬件层。超级管理器108可以允许VM 110在服务器106上共享硬件资源,并且允许服务器106上的硬件资源扮演多个单独的硬件平台的角色。此外,超级管理器108和服务器106可以托管一个或多个VM 110。例如,服务器106A和超级管理器108A可以托管VM 110A-B
在一些情况下,VM 110和/或超级管理器108可以迁移到其他服务器106。例如,VM110A可以迁移到服务器106C和超级管理器108B。服务器106可类似地被迁移到网络环境100中的其他位置。例如,连接到特定叶路由器的服务器可被更改为连接到不同的或附加的叶路由器。在一些情况下,服务器106、超级管理器108、和/或VM 110中的一些或全部可以表示租户空间。租户空间可包括与一个或多个客户端或订户相关联的工作负载、服务、应用、设备、和/或资源。因此,可以基于特定的租户策略、空间、协议、配置等来路由网络环境100中的业务。此外,地址可以在一个或多个租户之间变化。在一些配置中,租户空间可以被划分为逻辑分段和/或网络,并且与跟其他租户相关联的逻辑分段和/或网络分离。
如下面进一步详细讨论的,VM 110可用于实现一个或多个服务链SFC(未示出)。
图2A示出了用于实现服务功能链(SFC)204的示例环境200。环境200包括被配置为实现SFC 204的服务器202;然而,应理解,SFC 204的一个或多个硬件或软件组件可以由服务器202上或在物理上不同的硬件(例如上面讨论过的在由环境100表示的一个或多个服务器106)上的一个或多个逻辑模块来实现。
在环境200中,SFC 204包括分类器206和多个服务功能转发器(SFF)(即SFF1、SFF2、和SSF3(208A-212A))。每个SFF与相应的SF模块(即SF1_FW、SF2_LB、和SF3_DPI(208B-212B)相关联,该模块被配置为将特定功能类型应用于所接收的任何分组/数据流。在一些方面,给定的SF模块可以被配置为应用例如不同功能类型的多个功能。举例说明,在环境200中,分别地,SF1(208B)与“防火墙”功能相关联,SF2(210B)与“负载平衡”功能相关联,以及SF3(212B)与“深度分组检测”功能相关联。尽管环境200的示例将每个SFF(例如,208A-212A)示出为与单个SF模块(例如,208B-212B)配对,但是应理解,在不脱离本主题技术的范围的情况下,每个SFF可以通信地耦合到两个或更多个SF模块。
实际上,由分类器206接收的分组经封装以包括与要由功能链204应用的有序服务功能集相对应的报头信息。然而,如上所述,在SF模块(例如,208B-212B)中的一个或多个处应用的不正确的服务功能类型可能导致SFC 204的故障,并且存在潜在的安全问题。
为了防止SFC 204中不正确的服务功能类型调用,本主题技术的各个方面提供了每个SFF(208A-212A)可自动验证由相应SF模块(例如,208B-212B)调用的一个或多个功能类型的方式。
在一些方面,每个SFF(208A-212A)可被配置为例如响应于检测到一个或多个网络参数的变化而自动验证由其对应的SF模块(208B-212B)实现的一个或多个服务功能中的每一者的功能类型。举例说明,可以引起服务功能验证的网络参数的变化可包括但不限于以下各项中的一项或多项:一个或多个SF模块208B-212B的变化(例如,由于新SF类型的实例化导致的)、一个或多个SFF 208A-212A的变化(例如,由于SFF转发数据库的变化导致的)、和/或检测到的其他网络组件或模块的变化(例如,由于控制器(未示出)接收到的指令导致的)。
实际上,由SFF进行的服务功能类型验证可通过向SF模块发布探针来完成,其中,探针被配置为查询SF模块的功能类型。在一些方面,探针可包括被配置为查询由SF模块实现的功能类型的经修改的路由跟踪。在集群实现方式中,SFF会针对集群的每个SF模块发布探针。如以下讨论的,为了验证功能类型,SF模块所报告的功能类型可与请求SFF预期的功能类型(例如,存储在如参考图2B进一步详细解释的对照表中)进行比较。
举例说明,SFF可将SF模块所报告的功能类型与包括SF模块/功能类型对的转发表或对照表进行比较。在SF模块具有多个服务功能的情况下,对照表将具有独立的SF模块/功能类型对条目。根据实现方式,对照表可存储在本地,或者可从另一物理或逻辑网络元件引用/调用。
如果SF模块的功能类型被成功验证,则验证SFF可以允许将分组/业务流发送到下一跳,例如SFC中的下一个SFF目的地。替代地,无效的功能类型调用会导致SFF丢弃分组,例如,以避免可能由不正确定向的业务流导致的安全漏洞。
在一些方面,SFF验证一个或多个SF模块的功能类型可使该SFF生成详细描述验证结果的各个方面的日志。例如,SFF可以将各种细节保存到故障日志,包括SF模块的标识信息、与故障的SF模块相对应的预期功能类型、和/或当前在SF模块上实现的实际功能类型等。
举例说明,SF模块在接收到SFF生成的探针时,将对所启用的(一个或多个)SF类型进行检查,并在其对SFF的回复中传达每种SF类型存在与否。
图2B示出了可由SFF用于执行服务功能类型验证的对照表(例如,“转发数据库”)的示例。在所示示例中,SFF1(208A)包括对照表209A,其可被存储在由SFF1共享或可由SFF1访问的存储器模块本地。在其他实现方式中,对照表209A可以驻留在物理上或逻辑上远离SFF1的存储器位置,例如在另一虚拟机或物理节点上。
如图所示,对照表209A包含包括以下各项的字段:SPI(用于“服务路径标识符”)、SI(用于“服务索引”)、NH(用于“下一跳”)、和“类型”(其例如指示相关SFF的预期的服务功能类型)。也就是说,对照表209A可用于维护每个SI或服务下一跳的功能类型值(指示功能类型)。如下面进一步详细讨论的,对(例如,由SF模块)报告的服务功能类型与由对照表209A指示的对应“类型”的比较可用于验证由报告SF模块调用的服务功能类型。在一些方面,可以响应于例如从外部控制器或API(未示出)接收的消息来更新功能类型值。
图3示出了用于实现服务功能类型验证的示例方法的步骤。该方法从步骤300开始,其中(例如,从SFF)发起探针,其中,探针包括被配置为查询相应SF模块的功能类型的经修改的路由跟踪。
如上所述,探针的发起可以由检测到的整个网络的所有变化引起,包括但不限于:一个或多个SF模块(例如,208B-212B)的变化(例如,由于新SF类型的实例化导致的)、一个或多个SFF 208A-212A的变化(例如,由于SFF转发数据库的变化导致的)、和/或检测到的其他网络组件或模块的变化(由于控制器(未示出)所接收到的指令所导致的)。应理解,在不脱离本技术的范围的情况下,其他事件或条件可触发一个或多个SF模块的服务功能验证。
经修改的路由跟踪可以是被配置用于穿过网络进行单个“跳”(即,从始发SFF发送到具有指向始发SFF的目的地地址的相应SF模块)的跟踪路由分组。在一些方面,经修改的路由跟踪可以包括被配置为引起由接收SF模块对服务功能类型进行插入的服务功能链(SFC)请求。举例说明,该SFC请求可以包括被设置为服务索引限制(SIL)的服务功能索引,该服务索引限制可引起将功能类型插入到由SF模块提供的返回分组(回复)中。
随后,在步骤302中,SFF接收来自SF模块的回复。在一些方面,回复可以是最初从SFF发送到SF模块的一个或多个经修改的路由跟踪分组的返回。如上所述,回复包括对由发送服务功能模块调用的功能的指示(即,功能类型)。又及示例性示出的环境200(如上所述),由SF2(210B)提供的回复将指示SF2 210B当前实现的是“负载平衡”功能。
在步骤304中,基于回复来验证SF模块的功能类型。可例如通过将回复中指示的服务功能类型与指示一个或多个服务功能模块与它们各自的功能类型之间的关联的表(例如,上面讨论的对照表209A)进行比较来执行服务功能类型验证。对照表可以驻留在本地,即在验证SFF处;替代地,对照表可以存储在网络中的另一逻辑/物理模块处。
在步骤306中,SFF基于相应的SFF模块的功能类型来判定是否允许分组转发。在所报告的服务功能类型与对照表中的预期服务功能类型相对应的情形下,业务流从验证SFF转发到后续网络目的地,例如服务功能链中的下一个SFF。举例说明,参考图2A的环境200,SF1(208B)的有效功能类型(即“防火墙”)将使相应的SFF1(208A)能够将业务流转发到SFF2(210A)。
替代地,如果SFF无法验证其相应SF模块的功能类型,则可以丢弃分组以防止通过网络转发未经检查的数据。通过阻止来自SFC中的验证故障点的业务流,本主题技术降低了可能由不正确的功能链接引起的安全漏洞的风险。
图4示出了根据一些实施例的示例网络设备410。网络设备410包括主中央处理单元(CPU)462、接口468、和总线415(例如,PCI总线)。当在适当的软件或固件的控制下做出动作时,CPU 462负责执行分组管理、错误检测、和/或路由功能。CPU 462优选地在包括操作系统和任何适当的应用软件的软件的控制下完成所有这些功能。CPU 462可以包括一个或多个处理器463,例如来自摩托罗拉(Motorola)微处理器系列或MIPS微处理器系列的处理器。在替代实施例中,处理器463是为控制路由器410的操作而专门设计的硬件。在特定实施例中,存储器461(诸如非易失性RAM和/或ROM)也构成CPU 462的一部分。但是,存在存储器可被耦合到系统的许多不同的方式。
接口468通常被提供为接口卡(有时称为“线卡”)。通常,它们控制数据分组通过网络的发送与接收,并且有时支持与路由器410一起使用的其他外围设备。可以提供的接口包括以太网接口、帧中继接口、电缆接口、DSL接口、令牌环接口等。另外,可以提供各种超高速的接口,例如快速令牌环接口、无线接口、以太网接口、千兆以太网接口、ATM接口、HSSI接口、POS接口、FDDI接口等。这些接口通常可包括适合于与适当媒体通信的端口。在某些情形中,它们还可以包括独立的处理器,并且在某些情况下还包括易失性RAM。独立处理器可以控制诸如分组交换、媒体控制及管理之类的通信密集型任务。通过为通信密集型任务提供单独的处理器,这些接口允许主微处理器462有效地执行路由计算、网络诊断、安全功能等。
尽管图4中所示的系统是本发明的一个特定网络设备,它决不是可以在其上实现本发明的唯一网络设备架构。例如,经常使用具有处理通信以及路由计算等的单个处理器的架构。此外,其他类型的接口和媒体也可以与路由器一起使用。
无论网络设备的配置如何,它都可以采用一个或多个存储器或存储器模块(包括存储器461),这些存储器或存储器模块被配置为存储用于通用网络操作的程序指令以及用于漫游、路由优化、和本文所述的路由功能的机制。例如,程序指令可以控制操作系统和/或一个或多个应用的操作。一个或多个存储器还可以被配置为存储诸如移动性绑定、注册、和关联表之类的表。
图5A和图5B示出了示例系统实施例。在实施本技术时,更合适的实施例对于本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。本领域普通技术人员还将容易理解,其他系统实施例也是可能的。
图5A示出了系统总线计算系统架构500,其中,系统的组件使用总线505彼此电通信。示例性系统500包括处理单元(CPU或处理器)510和系统总线505,该系统总线将包括系统存储器515的各种系统组件(例如只读存储器(ROM)520和随机存取存储器(RAM)525)耦合到处理器510。系统500可以包括与处理器510直接连接、紧邻或作为处理器的一部分集成的高速存储器的缓存。系统500可以将数据从存储器515和/或存储设备530复制到缓存512,以供处理器510进行快速访问。以这种方式,缓存可以提供关于避免处理器510在等待数据时延迟方面的性能提升。这些和其他模块可以控制或可以被配置为控制处理器510以执行各种动作。其他系统存储器515也可供使用。存储器515可包括具有不同性能特征的多种不同类型的存储器。处理器510可以包括任何通用处理器和硬件模块或软件模块(例如存储在存储设备530中的模块1 532、模块2534、和模块3 536),其被配置为控制处理器510以及其中软件指令被并入实际的处理器设计中的专用处理器。处理器510可以基本上是完全独立的计算系统,包含多个核或处理器、总线、存储器控制器、缓存等。多核处理器可以是对称的或非对称的。
为了实现与计算设备500的用户交互,输入设备545可以表示任何数量的输入机制,诸如用于语音的麦克风、用于手势或图形输入的触敏屏幕、键盘、鼠标、动作输入、语音等。输出设备535也可以是本领域技术人员所熟知的多种输出机制中的一种或多种。在一些情况下,多模式系统可以使用户能够提供多种类型的输入以与计算设备500通信。通信接口540通常可以掌控和管理用户输入和系统输出。对任何特定硬件布置进行操作并没有限制,因此这里的基本特征可以很容易地随着硬件或固件布置的研发被经改进的硬件或固件布置所代替。
存储设备530是非易失性存储器,并且可以是硬盘或能够存储可由计算机访问的数据的其他类型的计算机可读介质(诸如磁带盒、闪存卡、固态存储器设备、数字通用盘、卡盘(cartridge)、随机存取存储器(RAM)525、只读存储器(ROM)520、以及它们的组合)。
存储设备530可以包括用于控制处理器510的软件模块532、534、536。其他硬件或软件模块被预计到。存储设备530可被连接到系统总线505。在一个方面,执行特定功能的硬件模块可以包括与必要的硬件组件(例如处理器510、总线505、显示器535等)相关地存储在计算机可读介质中的软件组件,以便被赋予功能。
图5B示出了具有芯片组架构的示例计算机系统550,该芯片组架构可用于执行所描述的方法以及生成和呈现图形用户界面(GUI)。计算机系统550是可用于实现所公开的技术的计算机硬件、软件、和固件的示例。系统550可以包括处理器555,其表示能够执行被配置为执行所标识的计算的软件、固件、和硬件的任何数量的物理和/或逻辑上不同的资源。处理器555可以与芯片组560通信,该芯片组可以控制到处理器555的输入和来自处理器555的输出。在该示例中,芯片组560将信息输出到输出设备565(例如显示器),并且可以将信息读取和写入存储设备570,该存储设备可以包括例如磁介质和固态介质。芯片组560还可以从RAM 575读取数据并将数据写入RAM 575。可以提供用于与各种用户接口组件585相接口的桥接器580,用于与芯片组560相接口。这样的用户接口组件585可以包括键盘、麦克风、触摸检测及处理电路、诸如鼠标之类的指示设备等。通常,系统550的输入可以来自由机器生成和/或由人类生成的各种源中的任何一种。
芯片组560还能够与可具有不同物理接口的一个或多个通信接口590相接口。这种通信接口可以包括用于有线和无线局域网、用于宽带无线网络、以及个人区域网络的接口。用于生成、显示和使用本文公开的GUI的方法的一些应用可以包括通过物理接口来接收有序数据集,或者通过处理器555分析存储在存储装置570或575中的数据而由机器本身生成。此外,机器可以经由用户接口组件585从用户接收输入,并通过使用处理器555解释这些输入来执行适当的功能,例如浏览功能。
可以理解,示例系统500和550可以具有一个以上的处理器510,或者可以是联网在一起以提供更大的处理能力的计算设备的群组或集群的一部分。
为了解释清楚的目的,在一些实例中,本技术可以被呈现为包括各个功能块,包括包含有以下各项的功能块:设备、设备组件、以软件或硬件和软件的组合体现的方法中的步骤或例程。
在一些实施例中,计算机可读存储设备、介质、和存储器可以包括包含比特流等的有线或无线信号。然而,当被提到时,非暂态计算机可读存储介质明确地排除诸如能量、载波信号、电磁波和信号本身之类的介质。
可以使用存储在计算机可读介质中或能够以其他方式从计算机可读介质获得的计算机可执行指令来实现根据上述示例的方法。这样的指令可以包括例如引起或以其他方式配置通用计算机、专用计算机、或专用处理设备以执行特定功能或功能组的指令和数据。所使用的部分计算机资源可通过网络访问。计算机可执行指令可以是例如二进制文件、中间格式指令(诸如汇编语言、固件、或源代码)。可用于存储指令、所使用的信息、和/或在根据所描述的示例的方法期间创建的信息的计算机可读介质的示例包括磁盘或光盘、闪存、设有非易失性存储器的USB设备、联网存储设备,等等。
实现根据这些公开内容的方法的设备可以包括硬件、固件和/或软件,并且可以采用各种规格中的任何一种。这样的规格的典型示例包括膝上型计算机、智能电话、小型个人计算机、个人数字助理、机架设备、独立设备等。本文所描述的功能也可以体现在外围设备或附属卡中。作为另一示例,这样的功能还可在不同芯片的电路板上实现,或者在单个设备中执行的不同处理中实现。
指令、用于传送这些指令的介质、用于执行它们的计算资源、以及用于支持这样的计算资源的其他结构是用于提供这些公开内容中描述的功能的装置。
尽管使用各种示例和其他信息来解释所附权利要求范围内的各个方面,但是不应基于这些示例中的特定特征或布置来暗示权利要求的限制,因为普通技术人员将能够使用这些示例推导出各种实现方式。此外,尽管可能已经用特定于结构特征和/或方法步骤的示例的语言描述了一些主题,但是应理解,所附权利要求中定义的主题不必限于这些描述的特征或动作。例如,这样的功能可以不同地分布或者在除了本文标识的那些组件之外的组件中执行。而是,所公开的特征和步骤被公开为所附权利要求范围内的系统和方法的组件的示例。此外,叙述集合中的“至少一者”的权利要求语言指示该集合中的一个成员或该集合的多个成员满足该项权利要求。
应理解,本文中参考一个实施例或示例的特征或配置可以在本文中的其他实施例或示例中实现或与其组合。也就是说,诸如“实施例”、“变型”、“方面”、“示例”、“配置”、“实现方式”、“情形”之类的术语以及可以表示实施例的任何其他术语(如本文中用于描述特定的特征或配置)不旨在将任何相关联的特征或配置限制于特定或单独的一个或多个实施例,并且不应被解释为暗示这些特征或配置不能与参考其他实施例、变型、方面、示例、配置、实现方式、情形等描述的特征或配置组合。换句话说,本文参考特定示例(例如,实施例、变型、方面、配置、实现方式、情形等)描述的特征可以与参考另一示例描述的特征组合。确切地说,本领域普通技术人员将容易认识到,本文描述的各种实施例或示例及其相关联的特征可以彼此组合。
诸如“方面”之类的短语并不暗示这样的方面对于主题技术是必不可少的,或者这样的方面适用于主题技术的所有配置。涉及方面的公开内容可以应用于所有配置或者一种或多种配置。诸如方面之类的短语可以指代一个或多个方面,反之亦然。诸如“配置”的短语并非意味着这样的配置对于该主题技术而言是必要的或者这样的配置应用于该主题技术的所有配置。涉及配置的公开内容可以应用于所有配置或者一种或多种配置。诸如配置之类的短语可以指代一种或多种配置,反之亦然。单词“示例性”在本文被用来表示“用作示例或说明”。在本文被描述为“示例性”的任何方面或设计都并非必然被理解为与其他方面或设计相比是优选或有利的。
此外,叙述集合中的“至少一者”的权利要求语言表示该集合中的一个成员或该集合的多个成员满足该项权利要求。例如,叙述“A、B、和C中的至少一者”或“A、B、或C中的至少一者”的权利要求语言表示单独的A、单独的B、单独的C、A和B组合、A和C组合、B和C组合、或A、B和C组合。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于验证服务功能(SF)模块上的服务功能类型的方法,所述方法包括:
在服务功能转发器(SFF)处发起探针,其中,所述探针被配置为查询相应SF模块的功能类型;
响应于所述探针而接收来自所述相应SF模块的回复;
在所述SFF处,基于所述回复来验证所述相应SF模块的所述功能类型;以及
在所述SFF处,基于所述相应SF模块的所述功能类型来判定是否允许分组转发。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,发起所述探针还包括:
在所述SFF处,检测所述相应SF模块处的服务功能实例的变化;以及
响应于所述服务功能实例的变化而自动发起所述探针。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,发起所述探针还包括:
在所述SFF处,检测相对于所述SFF的变化;以及
响应于所述相对于所述SFF的变化而自动发起所述探针。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,发起所述探针还包括:
生成针对所述相应SF模块的请求;
将所述请求的服务路径标识符(SPI)设置为服务索引限制(SIL)值;以及
将所述请求转发到与所述相应SF模块相关联的转发地址。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,接收来自所述相应SF模块的所述回复还包括:
判定所述回复是否包括正确的SPI和SIL值;以及
从所述回复中读取所述功能类型。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,验证所述功能类型还包括:
将所述功能类型与转发数据库进行比较,以判定所述SF模块是否正在实现预期的服务功能类型。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述探针包括经修改的服务功能链(SF)路由跟踪,其被配置用于到所述相应SF模块的单跳传输。
8.一种服务功能类型验证系统,包括:
至少一个处理器;以及
存储指令的存储器设备,这些指令在由所述至少一个处理器执行时,使得所述验证系统进行以下操作:
在服务功能转发器(SFF)处发起探针,其中,所述探针被配置为查询相应SF模块的功能类型;
响应于所述探针而接收来自所述相应SF模块的回复;
在所述SFF处,基于所述回复来验证所述相应SF模块的所述功能类型;以及
在所述SFF处,基于所述相应SF模块的所述功能类型来判定是否允许分组转发。
9.根据权利要求8所述的服务功能类型验证系统,其中,发起所述探针还包括:
在所述SFF处,检测所述相应SF模块处的服务功能实例的变化;以及
响应于所述服务功能实例的变化而自动发起所述探针。
10.根据权利要求8所述的服务功能类型验证系统,其中,发起所述探针还包括:
在所述SFF处,检测相对于所述SFF的变化;以及
响应于所述相对于所述SFF的变化而自动发起所述探针。
11.根据权利要求8-10中任一项所述的服务功能类型验证系统,其中,发起所述探针包括:
生成针对所述相应SF模块的服务功能链请求;
将所述请求的服务路径标识符(SPI)设置为服务索引限制(SIL)值;以及
将所述请求转发到与所述相应SF模块相关联的地址。
12.根据权利要求8-11中任一项所述的服务功能类型验证系统,其中,接收来自所述相应SF模块的所述回复还包括:
判定所述回复是否包括正确的SPI和SIL值;以及
从所述回复中读取所述功能类型。
13.根据权利要求8-12中任一项所述的服务功能类型验证系统,其中,验证所述功能类型还包括:
将所述功能类型与转发数据库进行比较,以判定所述SF模块是否正在实现预期的服务功能类型。
14.根据权利要求8-13中任一项所述的服务功能类型验证系统,其中,所述探针包括经修改的服务功能链(SF)路由跟踪,其被配置用于到所述相应SF模块的单跳传输。
15.一种非暂态计算机可读存储介质,包括存储在其中的指令,这些指令在由一个或多个处理器执行时,使得处理器执行包括以下各项的操作:
在服务功能转发器(SFF)处发起探针,其中,所述探针被配置为查询相应SF模块的功能类型;
响应于所述探针而接收来自所述相应SF模块的回复;
在所述SFF处,基于所述回复来验证所述相应SF模块的所述功能类型;以及
在所述SFF处,基于所述相应SF模块的所述功能类型来判定是否允许分组转发。
16.根据权利要求15所述的非暂态计算机可读存储介质,其中,发起所述探针还包括:
在所述SFF处,检测所述相应SF模块处的服务功能实例的变化;以及
响应于所述服务功能实例的变化而自动发起所述探针。
17.根据权利要求15所述的非暂态计算机可读存储介质,其中,发起所述探针还包括:
在所述SFF处,检测相对于所述SFF的变化;以及
响应于所述相对于所述SFF的变化而自动发起所述探针。
18.根据权利要求15-17中任一项所述的非暂态计算机可读存储介质,其中,发起所述探针包括:
生成针对所述相应SF模块的请求;
将所述请求的服务功能索引设置为服务索引限制(SIL)值;以及
将所述请求转发到与所述相应SF模块相关联的地址。
19.根据权利要求15-18中任一项所述的非暂态计算机可读存储介质,其中,接收来自所述相应SF模块的所述回复还包括:
判定所述回复是否包括正确的SPI和SIL值;以及
从所述回复中读取所述功能类型。
20.根据权利要求15-19中任一项所述的非暂态计算机可读存储介质,其中,验证所述功能类型还包括:
将所述功能类型与转发数据库进行比较,以判定所述SF模块是否正在实现预期的服务功能类型。
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