CN109417260A - Brush current control system, brush current intelligence control system and control method - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of brush current control system, brush current intelligence control system and control method, force sensor (3) are set in the lift end of brush (1), the mover (5) of one controllable power device is connect with the force snesor (3), pass through the force snesor (3) Xiang Suoshu brush (1) transmitting thrust, the force snesor (3) is connected by controller with controllable power device again, the brush current circuit is connected with current divider (8) or Hall current sensor (9), for measuring the size of current passed through on brush (1), the current divider (8) or Hall current sensor (9) are connected with the controller.When use, when the electric current on the brush (1) that current divider (8) measures has been more than upper limit value, then controller issues instruction, and the thrust for exporting force motor (4) increases, until the electric current on brush (1) is lower than upper limit value；Conversely, then controller issues instruction when the electric current on the brush (1) that current divider (8) measure is less than lower limit value, the thrust for exporting force motor (4) reduces, until the electric current on brush (1) is higher than lower limit value.

Description

Brush current control system, brush current intelligence control system and control method Technical field

The present invention relates to the monitoring devices and monitoring method of electromechanical industries motor brush current, more particularly to the monitoring device and monitoring method of electric system large-scale generator slip ring brush current, have reference significance for the monitoring of micro-machine brush current.

Background technique

1, brush current manually adjusts: the function of brush is exactly to transmit exciting current, and electric current is the life of brush, and when brush cannot complete the task of normal reasonable, safe and stable transmitting electric current, all indexs of brush are all nonsensical.Present power industry main force generating unit excitation electric current is up to 5,000 supreme Wan An trainings, using large-scale brush quantity up to one two hundred, arranges by 4~10 rows are (even more), is all that operator on duty manually adjusts now when brush current is unable to reasonable distribution.

2, brush current is unable to reasonable distribution failure with caused by:

Brush current is excessive:

Any article has the problem of operating limit, reaches, crosses this limit and be difficult to the direction become better transformation but develop toward pernicious direction.

Data introduction: the normal current-carrying range of graphite-like brush is that rated current ± 25%, 1.5 times rated current allows runing time 15 minutes；2 times of rated current allow runing time 60 seconds；2.5 times of rated current allow runing time 5 seconds.(brush of most unit applications presses the product nominal current density of producer: 10~12A/cm₂, allow current density: 13~17A/cm in short-term₂, current density is more than 25A/cm₂When, brush multinomial performance degenerates.)

When current density is excessive, it is difficult to sparkless operation, that is excessive current density is to produce one of pyrophoric quality factor；Spark destroys the running oxidation film of electric brush slip ring, and brush current is unable to reasonable distribution so as to cause brush failure.

Brush is unable to normal load conductance and sends a telegraph brush failure, people's simplicity understands that brush damage just changes it, yes, the brush of household electrical appliances such as electric drill, dust catcher etc. in our daily lifes, it is broken and just replaces, however, the brush on large-scale generator but so cannot simply understand, brush failure on household electrical appliances does not cause the badly damaged of neighbouring device, and the brush failure on large-scale generator often develops into the damage to related and neighbouring device. We can see in a large amount of generator brush accident report, and brush failure refers not only to brush itself and pressure spring, brush carrier, slip ring damage, and feeds through to upstream and downstream equipment.

Upstream equipment is to cause overcurrent protection to act from shunt excitation, excitation-transformation variable, and send out and become intertripping, stopping accident.

Upstream device burning fault is such as: scaling loss slip ring, insulating cylinder carbonization, earthing brush is burnt out, big axis burns pit-hole, bearing shell is singed, oil system deteriorate, also once causes quick-fried hydrogen, permanent bending of rotor, the major break downs such as the vibration of load axle bed screw is disconnected, axle bed is displaced.

Brush current is by unreasonable distribution to the process for developing into major accident:

Excessive develop into of brush current robs current phenomena, although because breaking part conductiving point can be forced in slip ring spiral chute operation process, but since brush current is excessive, sliding surface is in " red heat " state, the lubricity of oxidation film, resistive is destroyed, the entire sliding surface of brush is all at the good conductor of electric current, electric current can't reduce because slip ring spiral chute operates breaking part conductiving point, until blowing shunt welding, at this time, brush body, brush carrier temperature is all very high, all at the good conductor of electric current, shunt welding, which blows rear electric current, not necessarily to be terminated, also conduction will be then continued to by brush carrier, electric current is also possible to continue to increase, then scorification brush carrier.Blow shunt welding, scorification brush carrier, sliding surface red heat state, oxidation film is destroyed totally, and spark is very big, and the fusant of brush carrier, form ring fire state；The fusant of brush carrier is splashed to slip ring and surrounding, makes scraping, the pulverization of paired brush body, largely grinds the red heat electrical carbon graphite material fallen, with ring fire, make in electric heating, ionization, hot free state around slip ring, electric and partner's burning with brush is formedElectric discharge, electric arc form, or perhaps have started conductive (this is the first paths of electric arc) in the form of electric arc.

Electric arc first path, only one section of electric arc, space length is nearest, but this paths, has rotation and rotary wind, groove wind, ventilation hole wind, electric arc that can not stablize.This stage should be in the starting stage burnt, this stage development time is longer (up to 10 minutes or more) in terms of such accident declaration, and at this stage, the rotor earth fault protection of what form does not all react not come out, because not being grounded；The excitation output voltage of fault oscillograph record has recurrent fluctuations, has increase, but amplitude is not too big.

Arc discharge developing stage: for electric arc under rotary wind and fan draft effect, electric arc develops to fan and jacket；After this, around slip ring, around fan in electrical fire and electric arc, electricity is free, heat is free makes slip ring, the big axis of nearly slip ring, fan, jacket and its surrounding all in ionic conduction state, provides advantageous condition for opening up for arc-discharge path.

The second path of electric arc:Burn out fan, big axis, slip ring, insulating cylinder etc..

Electric arc third path:

Big axis is danger close to contact screw, rotor leading wire electric discharge, not only burns, blows rotor long lead, contact screw and its pressure cap, sealing ring；The hollow hydrogen of rotor can cause " hydrogen is quick-fried ", and the other end of rotor long lead also seals, and just not cause the too many quick-fried accident of serious hydrogen, but because the quick-fried accident of hydrogen caused by sparking of brushes once occurred in China.

Big axis discharges to contact screw, rotor long lead, blows long lead " field loss protection movement " chaser.

The 4th path of electric arc:Earthing brush is easy to be blown.

Electric arc second and third, four paths generally have two sections of electric arcs.

The 5th path of electric arc:

It is notified to from brush burnout failure, is not that each brush burnout failure electric arc all develops into five paths all processes, is shut down to some process or chaser, electric arc certainly just can not developing deeplies.

There are three sections of arc discharges in the 5th path of electric arc, wherein one section is bearing shell to big axial discharge.Electric arc has arrived the grounding bodies such as jacket, and after earthing brush is burnt, electric arc seeks discharge path (have the bearing block of interlayer insulating layer except) between each bearing shell；After the unit of this kind of failure occurs, each bearing block, inspecting bearing shell discovery are being opened, often bearing shell is burnt by electric arc at more than one, and also deteriorates turbine oil.

The second path of electric arc starts, and arc discharge has big axis to take part in, and big axis burns serious person as deep as 8mm pit-hole by electric arc；Along with fan is burnt by electric arc, cause shaft system of unit vibration big, " vibration protection movement " chaser；Serious accident is damaged to shatter, burn bearing shell, bearing block bolt fracture, axle bed displacement.

Why not does electric arc steadily walk nearest path, other paths of circling away of also seeking something far and wide when it is within reach we see that analysis conclusion when academic expert and electrical machinery plant expert participate in after accident is: other paths position that may discharge is opposing stationary and maintain stable electric arc.In terms of damage sequence, it is to burn multiple holes in the deep hole of one or several fixed position firing of big axis or a small pieces, rather than burn along big axis circumference that such as big axis is burnt by electric arc.

Arc discharge is wilful and merciless, no matter metallic conductor, insulating materials, cement, ceramics, glass, resin etc., in face of big energy electric arc, the same is burnt by electric arc, smelts and even gasify, the same level that electric arc is involved in, subordinate equipment, it destroys together, if not prevented in time by its higher level, will also be inconjunction with its higher level even leapfrog and destroy together.Excitation-transformation variable " overcurrent protection movement " chaser is such as caused in brush accident.

So arc discharge energy account for field power supply for energy number the research article that certain provincial DianKeYuan was delivered in 2007 is computed arc energy accounting about 60%, arc power is more than 180KW according to data of fault recorder in 100MW unit failure example.Thus estimation large rubber good brush arcing electric discharge Power reaches 800KW and is also possible that, so huge arc energy burns slip ring, fan, big axis etc., this kind of accident occurred in recent years, causes big axis to return to electrical machinery plant mostly and repairs.

Brush burnout failure protection act chaser situation has: " unit vibration protection act " chaser, excitation-transformation variable " overcurrent protection movement " chaser, burns out exciting current circuit (as " rotor long lead " is blown) and causes " field loss protection movement " chaser；And consequence caused by the case where main protection " ground protection " often fails correctly to act chaser, these protection leapfrogs act is all very serious.Each type practical application of rotor earth fault protection is no less than five seed types; but all types of rotor earth fault protections have aspect not fully up to expectations; even there are erroneous judgement and dead zone; it moreover must be to protect in the band time limit again; arc discharge is unstable again; oscillograph data also illustrate " ground signalling " property off and in fault diagnosis example, this all becomes the factor for influencing ground protection precision maneuver.

Brush current is too small:

Generator graphite-like brush is used cooperatively with steel slip ring, and 6~8A/cm of stabling current density is pressed when design₂, and have sufficient allowance, it is lower than 3~5A/cm₂It is difficult to form oxidation film or even causes dry friction.

Article used in life is it is generally understood that smaller safer below rated value, for example automobile core carries 10 tons and only fills 1 ton, certainly safe；But brush cannot so understand, such as the brush of rated current 100A, it is instead very unfavorable to brush safety and stability that practical 10A or less operation, which is not only not most safety and stability,；Basic theory and operating experience all show: brush underloading cannot form good oxidation film or even destroy oxidation film.Failure is caused for prevention brush current is too small, and some unit requirements when generator light running, exit the operation of part brush.External many years ago just to have investigation statistics data introduction, certain failures of brush, 85% or more is lightly loaded derived from brush.1970s and in the past, it is also very immature to brush theoretic knowledge and research, once unostentatiously thought, it is The more the better that brush is installed, the unit monopole of 100MW~160MW is up to 40~60 brushes, even if thinking that half is abnormal at that time, the other half normal current-carrying also can satisfy unit service requirement, as the deep and actual motion center brush fault condition to brush theoretic knowledge is drawn a conclusion, it is not that brush is The more the better, new period unit capacity increases a lot and how much brush quantity does not have increase, as 700MW or more large rubber good capacity increases several times, design is only with 36 brushes (being approximately equivalent to past 50 or so by current-carrying comparable area), brush quantity does not increase, and severe brush burnout failure reduces；Show that identical conclusion is proved from theory and practice: brush current is run greater than 50% rated current, is only that safety and stability is reliable, and too small electric current is harmful.

Look at the too small influence of electric current by taking the temperature for being easier to understand in brush operational process as an example, 60~120 DEG C of brush sliding and runnings are safety and steadies, it is excessively high too low all unfavorable to brush operation, it should be noted, this temperature refers to the temperature of brush sliding working face, this temperature is unable to measure in electric brush slip ring operation, day The slip ring surface temperature and brush body and brush carrier temperature that can often measure, all more much lower than this numerical value, the lesser electric current of brush is not achieved 60 DEG C or more of temperature, has destruction to brush safe and stable operation instead.

3, brush operation in unprotect, without control:

We contact, known electrical equipment has even more than a set of protection; electrical equipment, the element for not having, not installing protection; forbid putting into operation; our household appliances used in everyday and the industrial electrical installation touched; it is designed with or comes with the multi-stage protections such as main protection, back-up protection; when equipment, component Anywhere breaks down, protection act is by its quitting electric circuit or says it is to disconnect power supply, protects equipment and avoids more seriously damaging.Up to tens kinds of the protection of some important equipments such as generator, transformer; even one such main protection needs out of service for some reason; office, province and related higher level chief technology officer or scheduling must all be reported; the time for also wanting strict control main protection out of service simultaneously, some main protections are out of service will also to be carried out the stable accounting of system and carry out preventative measure and accident prediction.

Brush, this is directly that generator " heart " provides the core component of service, is not protected not only, also without control means.

If as electrical equipment, component, assembly unit, if self-value is low, if not being related to the superior and the subordinate and neighbouring device when the damage of its failure does not cause bad influence, then being also to be understood that without protection；Once and brush irregular operating, caused by failure effect will be related to the superior and the subordinate's equipment.

It can be seen that from brush accident report, the time of the primary stage development of failure is longer, this stage is described with " slow " in some accident reports, although the time of this stage development is longer, it but is to there is electric arc formation to discharge after all, and the energy of electric arc be it is increasing, artificial processing has the arc discharge of energy again at this time, and personal safety is given to constitute great risk.

4, brush carrier distributary phenomenon:

When brush is run, since brush carrier is mostly the good conductor of electricity, it is that card table measurement brush pigtail measures electric current that operator on duty, which measures brush current, existing automatic current monitoring device is also to measure electric current from brush pigtail, no matter whether manually or automatically device measures brush current, the sum of each brush current and excitation total current have certain deviation, gap is even as high as 40% or more when serious, illustrate that there are brush carrier distributary phenomena, when brush and brush carrier adhere to, when especially brush pigtail riveting position resistance is big, brush carrier shunts can be very big, even directly result in brush burnout failure, brush carrier shunting problems are always a in brush operation is unable to monitor blind area.Brush carrier shunting even results in brush safe operation collapse rapidly, and in advance without sign: pressure, electric current are normal, and accident is to destroy evidence first analysis is caused to be had no way of doing it, people (can only) it is thought as brush problem.

Once had in brush far and say: sparking of brushes surveys brush current very little even zero of burning with anger, It is concluded that " sparking of brushes is unrelated with electric current " --- this conclusion be it is wrong, brush no current is sliding mechanical friction, continuously cannot seriously burn with anger, sparking of brushes should be actually brush carrier shunt caused by.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of brush current control system, brush current intelligence control system and control methods, to realize to the intellectual monitoring of brush current, adjusting, control and protection.

To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:

A kind of brush current intelligence control system, it is characterized by: force sensor is arranged in the lift end of each brush, each force snesor connects a controllable power device, the controllable power device passes through the force snesor to the brush transmitting thrust, the force snesor passes through controller again and is connected with controllable power device, the brush current circuit is connected with current divider or Hall current sensor, for measuring the size of current passed through on brush, the current divider or Hall current sensor are connected with the controller, the size of brush current is mainly adjusted and is controlled by brush pressure.

The brush current intelligence control system, wherein: vibrating sensor is equipped on the overhanging end of the mover of the controllable power device, for measuring the Oscillation Amplitude and frequency of brush, beyond predetermined value, mover will be retracted by controllable power device and (need to control the quantity for retracting brush) amplitude and/or frequency that brush is measured when vibrating sensor by the controller.

To achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a kind of brush current control systems, it is characterized by: the thrust that the mover of a power device is fixed to brush transmitting, the brush current circuit is connected with current divider or Hall current sensor, for measuring the size of current passed through on brush, the current divider or Hall current sensor are connected with controller, and the controller reconnects the power device.

To achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a kind of brush current intelligent control method, each brush of generator is connected with above-mentioned brush current intelligence control system, it is characterised in that:

If the electric current super large of some brush, i.e. its current value are greater than or equal to 2 times of brush rated current: the brush directly moves back brush；

If the electric current of some brush is excessive, i.e. its current value is greater than or equal to 1.5 times and the brush rated current less than 2 times: until gradually reducing brush pressure to pressure low limit setting value, electric current cannot still restore normal range (NR) after being mentioned brush three times and being put into operation, and mention and brush state to be judged；

If the electric current of some brush is bigger than normal, i.e., its current value is greater than or equal to 1.15 times and the brush rated current less than 1.5 times: until gradually reducing brush pressure to pressure low limit setting value, making brush by pressure adjusting Electric current restores normal range (NR)；

If the electric current of some brush is less than normal, i.e., its current value is less than or equal to 0.5 times and is greater than 0.25 times of brush rated current: incrementally increasing brush pressure until pressure height limits setting value, so that brush current is restored normal range (NR) by pressure adjusting；

If the electric current of some brush is too small, i.e., its current value is less than or equal to 0.25 times of brush rated current: incrementally increasing brush pressure until pressure height limits setting value, electric current cannot still restore normal range (NR) after being mentioned brush three times and being put into operation, and mention and brush state to be judged.

To achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a kind of brush current intelligent control method, each brush of generator is connected with above-mentioned brush current intelligence control system, has additional polishing brush and extinction brush in brush running track；It is characterized by:

If certain entire row brush average current is bigger than normal relative to other each row's brush average currents, then polishing brush, extinction brush movement, handle oxidation film, gradually handle the brush of larger current in row's brush respectively again, reduce the brush pressure, to pressure to lower limit value, until row's brush average current relative to other each row's brush average current deviations within the specified scope；

If certain entire row brush average current is less than normal relative to other each row's brush average currents, then polishing brush, extinction brush movement, handle oxidation film, gradually handle the brush of smaller current in row's brush respectively again, increase the brush pressure, to pressure to ceiling value, until row's brush average current relative to other each row's brush average current deviations within the specified scope.

To achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a kind of brush current intelligent control method, each brush of generator is connected with above-mentioned brush current intelligence control system, it is characterised in that:

Temperature sensor is housed close to the position of slip ring in the brush carrier of each brush, temperature signal is transmitted to the controller by the temperature sensor；

If the temperature sensor measurement to temperature reach 135~140 DEG C it is even higher, corresponding brush moves back brush, and issues informing signal；

If the temperature sensor measurement to temperature reach 115~135 DEG C, corresponding brush reduces pressure, and issues brush temperature high RST.

To achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a kind of brush current intelligent control method, each brush of generator is connected with above-mentioned brush current intelligence control system, it is characterised in that:

By the sum of each brush current compared with excitation total current, if deviation has exceeded the allowed band of setting, starting proposes brush program, i.e., mentions brush one by one, and when often lifting a brush, calculate the sum of each brush current with Excitation total current compares difference, is obviously reduced when some brush lifts time difference value, then computer notifies operator on duty to handle or this brush is moved back brush.

To achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a kind of brush current intelligent control method, each brush of generator is connected with above-mentioned brush current intelligence control system, has additional polishing brush and extinction brush in brush running track；It is characterized by:

It is equipped with vibrating sensor, on the overhanging end of mover to measure the vibration of brush；

If measurement learns that the vibration of a certain row's brush all reaches setting value, the polishing brush of the row, extinction brush movement handle oxidation film；

If the single brush chattering in a certain row's brush, and the other brushes of the row do not vibrate, then the single brush are moved back brush and issue informing signal, operator on duty's inspection processing.

To achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a kind of brush current intelligent control method, each brush of generator is connected with above-mentioned brush current intelligence control system, it is characterised in that:

When exciter current of generator rated current 60% and it is following when, subtract the operation of brush 1/5~1/3 successively, the size of the quantity and exciting current that brush puts into operation is positively correlated.

Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1, generator brush protection, control are realized and is adjusted:

Equipment component in electric system does not allow unprotect to put into operation; brush; the component part important as generator excited system; but in unprotect, without controlling, being even unmonitored state in most cases, i.e., each brush holds the free working condition that current-carrying size is no restriction；Although Modern Large group uses up to one two hundred brushes, one of irregular working, it is possible to lead to brush failure.

Safeguard measure: brush current reaches protection act setting valve, and (without time limit safeguard measure) is out of service by the brush immediately and issues signal, to cut off fault chains, eliminates accident potential.

Regulation measure: brush current deviates setting normal operating current value, and regulation measure is taken in automatic control.

Control measure: it is excessive that brush current deviates setting normal operating current value range, automatic control takes measures to reach setting limit (as adjusted pressure), it (such as mentions brush by preliminary test process and puts into operation three times), it mentions and brushing wait judge (to further judge), to control the trend that brush develops to abnormal direction, the symptom of a trend for eliminating brush failure eliminates brush accident in budding state.

Brush crisis protection: the brush of electric current super large moves back brush, and emergency use brush all puts into operation successively, and there are also the brush of electric current super large needs to move back brush, and at this moment then issuing the dangerous alarm signal of brush and issuing reduces exciter current of generator signal；If being also set with the limit number that can move back brush again (such as always in operation brush Several a thirtieth to ten/mono-); after this; no matter what is happened; also brush is no longer moved back; if the brush needs for also continuing electric current super large move back brush, illustrate that brush safe operation has been in the deterioration state of development of extremely hazardous " persistent ", at this moment; " reducing generator load " instruction is issued, exciter current of generator is greatly lowered to realize the purpose of protection main equipment by reducing generator load.--- in this way, being the protection of single brush originally, realize the function of protection main equipment; at a component part of generator protection; that is the safe operation for generator increases a set of protective device, for the protection of generator, the protection of this set can be called " brush crisis protection ".Before the protection act; also " have foreseeability " --- each brush " electric current super large " and move back brush and have and inform that signal issues; move back brush quantity, time interval is both known about in advance; and; also once having issued reduces exciter current of generator caution signal, illustrates that brush has been in extremely hazardous state of development safely, operator on duty should take specific aim measure; it works before this set protection act, the initial stage in danger development is eliminated into brush irregular operating.

Eliminate operator on duty's intense strain and psychological pressure:

Whether brush normal operation, existing technology mainly inspects periodically judgement by operator on duty, even if there is the parameter monitor devices such as electric current, operator on duty is notified to handle with alarm signal beyond setting range, but treatment measures are different with technological layer because of the feeling judgement of people, also without effective procedure treatment scheme, warning reminding actually cause operator on duty's " anxiety ", " difficult ", " embarrassment " psychological condition.

When not having auto-adjustment control measure, manually adjusting brush operating parameter becomes a component part of brush safe operation.When brush abnormal conditions occur, " before hour of danger is punched in " at brush staff vocational technology sensibility theory, this is outmoded, the unscientific security concepts almost advocated and formed at every profession and trade in tradition, countless catastrophic consequences draw a moral: hour of danger often results in bigger danger, even disaster before being punched in, primary disaster is dealt with improperly, the secondary disaster induced may cause the consequence more dangerous than primary disaster, lead to a series of disaster chain." snowslide, collapse, the cliff of displacement ... chain reaction, vicious circle, dominoes ... " has been used in a large amount of brush failure analysis reports, such development rate, artificial processing while property, timeliness, succession are difficult to ensure, once artificially handling undesirable and deteriorating, loss is extremely heavy even to cause Personal Risk.

The present invention realizes brush current from too small to the automatic adjustment of each process of super large, control and protection.

2, brush is handy, durable judgement, saves brush, scientific management:

Brush is handy, durable judgement:

The handy, durable of brush is not who has the final say, and data is allowed to speak.

Pass through the automatic control to indexs such as pressure, electric current, temperature, vibrations, computer record in brush operation Each brush uses time (time and length relation curve) and these index curves and adjustment control number, with brush service performance good requirement verification, compared with, sort, to judge that brush is handy, durable, handy is exactly to meet the good requirement of each parameter of brush service performance, and durable is exactly long using the steady and service life.

Brush manufacture all only manufacture static parameters, rather than manufacture specific applicability product, the brush used on present generator is all the universal product, and only " product customization " can be applicable in, be applicable in be only it is handy.One important directions of product manufacturing idea of development are the knowledge used simplified most possibly, brush using when dynamic parameter be not that famous brand is also not expert and has the final say, all controlled by computer, record, statistics, realize using simplify, it is popular.

It saves brush: no matter it is to run on slip ring always that generating set, which fills how many brush all, now, from booting, underloading, being fully loaded with until encouraging movement by force, be all that whole brushes are being run in any case.Especially the too small many index for brush operation of brush current density is unfavorable to night dip at light load, while wasting brush, wears slip ring.Generator underloading, which subtracts, brushes operation to reduce slip ring abrasion, and saving brush, brush current density will not be too small in favor of formation good oxidation film simultaneously.Ventilation energy consumption can be reduced by subtracting brush operation reduction frictional heat.

Scientific management: computer automatic printing goes out to replace brush work ticket, operation order: unit increases the total quantity of installation brush, realize part brush bright standby, when there is brush out of service, spare brush puts into operation certainly, when a small amount of brush reaches service life or is not normally functioning it is out of service when, computer record can simultaneously be looked into real time, when spare brush has put into operation mostly or brush out of service reaches the quantity of setting, computer automatic printing goes out to replace brush work ticket, operation order simultaneously notifies operator on duty, the title that brush is worked, position, number corresponds to, operator realizes three verifications, it even include the model of brush, the specific number of each brush of our unit, and the reason of each brush changing, such as super-large current, ultra-high temperature, super-high-current etc. is also included in operation order, it cannot change that can not change less can not the changing of changing more What should not be changed judges that understanding is different and replaces with individual；Computer automatically generates the brush maintenance replacement work ticket an of machine, avoids the hidden danger of serious consequence because of the problem of the decline of heavy workload work quality and caused by personnel's fatigue.Simultaneously also avoid the random emotional factor artificially assigned the job, avoid operator on duty shift responsibility onto others, the factor for work of disputing over trifles.Realize that science and technology contributes for scientific management.

3, vehicle wear smooth ring is reduced:

(1) " brush sliding friction self-excited oscillation ":

Present power industry main force generating set is encouraged using large-scale brush quantity up to one two hundred, monopole is by (even more) installations of 4~10 rows, initial brush runs smoothly, in operational process, it is therein it is a small amount of, a row or several rows, gradually development is big for vibration, and remaining each row operates normally；This is brush sliding friction self-vibration Move the typical form of expression.

Brush has free movement gap in brush carrier, and brush sliding and running really contains the processes such as pause, acceleration, interval, deceleration, and process is inherently containing the unstability of sliding and running；Unstability, the inhomogeneities of sliding, the coefficient of sliding friction is also fluctuation, and whenever sliding friction fluctuation all exists, but be not whenever all to cause brush chattering, when undulating value is smaller (when such as 5% or less Δ μ/μ ≈), do not show externally to vibrate；When undulating value is larger (when such as Δ μ/μ ≈ 10~15%), then start externally to show to vibrate；Intervene if at this moment applying not from the coefficient of sliding friction, vibration can develop to direction is deteriorated.Oxidation film is destroyed and bad, friction coefficient μ increase, if friction coefficient μ very little, then friction fluctuations Δ μ/μ would not be very big, brush sliding friction self-excited oscillation, which will not deteriorate, to grow up.Friction fluctuations are big, to when vibration development performance, further destroy oxidation film first, just cause a series of adverse consequences: electric current increases, temperature increases, vibration increases.Here it is having electric current when our actual measurement brush chatterings, often electric current also increases.

There are adhesion, closely sealed factor in electric brush slip ring sliding pairing face；Brush parameter (frictional force, coefficient of friction, speed) has step performance；Sliding, conduction have micropulse；This is all the factor for causing brush sliding friction self-excited oscillation.

Continue to increase with brush chattering, show as brush jump and alter, be just developed into " brush hammering ", (shattering brush, shunt welding, brush carrier, pressure spring and other attachmentes) causes the injury to slip ring, is forced to carry out vehicle mill to slip ring.

(2) understanding studies the difficulty of brush chattering, hammering:

Brush chattering failure, brush producer and brush research unit, that is, academism expert are that " simulation " does not come out in the lab, and the initial of brush chattering failure occurs in generator, often do not cause operator on duty note that until serious vibration, and be difficult to handle, retrieve.Field Force recognizes vibration and hammering, need experience, experience that can obtain higher level cognition, even if but experience repeatedly vibration, also it is difficult to sum up rule from work place study, rises to theoretical level, the vibration at scene and hammering, often there is the limitation of " specific " again, i.e. this place with that ground, it is different with " specific " environment locating for generator at that time at this time, it is disturbed different, furthermore live operator on duty, the generator that can undergo, be related to again how many type, is related to how many times brush chattering failure.

(3) abrasion and injury of electric brush slip ring: slip ring abrasion=mechanical wear+electric current abrasion+spark injury.

Mechanical wear: mechanical wear when 1. operating normally；2. after spark destroys oxidation film, sliding lubricating film is uneven or mechanical wear when without film；3. there is the mechanical wear after the participation of spark product.

Electric current abrasion: when electric brush slip ring operates normally, conductiving point is evenly dispersed, the energy very little of conductiving point, dusting and evaporation also very little.

Spark injury: after generating spark destruction oxidation film, the energy accumulating of partially electronically conductive point, dusting is dramatically increased with evaporation, becomes spark injury.

(4) " brush hammering ":

If brush chattering correctly cannot intervene and inhibit in time, continue to increase with brush chattering, shows as brush jump and alter, be just developed into " brush hammering ", cause the injury to slip ring, be forced to carry out vehicle mill to slip ring.

Once faulty analysis introduction, new clothes unit run just to have within about two months shut down and grind to slip ring vehicle in recent years, and there are also articles to introduce 1 year vehicle mill of a machine up to as many as seven times.

Do brush chattering, jump alter, hammer and how to damage to slip ring

Brush chattering, jump are altered, are hammered, and people are first it is envisioned that brush collides slip ring, and [for ease of understanding, we see the story that dripping water wears through rock, and scientific knowledge has two aspects: first is that collision of the water droplet to stone, the destruction collided is very little；Second is that containing CaCO in the ingredient of stone₃, contain CO in air₂, they can be chemically reacted: CaCO₃+CO₂+H₂O=Ca (HCO₃)₂Generate the Ca (HCO for being dissolved in water₃)₂；To there is the saying that dripping water wears through rock].Since brush and slip ring have a long way to go on hardness, toughness, momentum, it is not the principal element for causing to injure slip ring that brush, which collides slip ring,.--- when brush chattering, jump are altered, hammering occurs, brush collides the oxidation film layer for destroying sliding surface first and quickly, the advantageous Lubrication Composition of brush sliding and running is destroyed, the coefficient of sliding friction will increase, so brush sliding and running will be more unstable, and vibration further increases and is unable to self- recoverage；Furthermore, oxidation film is destroyed, conduction in brush conductivity theory, breakdown, the properties such as electric discharge will also morph, simultaneously, oxidation film has the property of resistance, brush conduction when originally normal will arrive again slip ring by the oxidation film of resistive, after oxidation film destroys, brush and slip ring have been become without intermediate resistance link direct conduction, this is when brush chattering phenomenon occurs, we measure the electric current of vibration electric brush, not only there is electric current, and, most of the time also than not vibrating when brush current have the phenomenon that increase, the resistance components brushes conducts electric current for the oxidation film that has been exactly flutter failure is easier.

Involve and injure:

Involve: there was only a small amount of or row's brush chattering before this, destroy oxidation film, friction coefficient μ is caused to increase, friction fluctuations will also increase, the brush for feeding through to and not vibrating originally is evolved as also to start to vibrate, such as it is adjacent involve, be exactly some or certain row's brush chattering, shattered brush, shunt welding, pressure spring and other attached Part, these broken rotten objects are damaged to adjacent brush and induced vibration, lead to brush failure.

Injury: brush bounce, electric current is very big when contacting slip ring, electric current is zero when takeofing, current turns ON, disconnection directly contributes spark, electric current is very big and generates spark, exactly under the spark effect for having energy, along with spark discharge, it burns, gasification, injury of the various forms to slip ring caused by the electric currents such as evaporation and dusting, system is classified as fulguration, galvanic corrosion, --- here it is brush chatterings, we seem slip ring without brightness (finish), there is point in microcosmic upper slip ring surface, micro- hole, pit, the consequence of recess, caused by this is apparently not brush collision factor, furthermore, " streak " on slip ring, " gradient " is nor caused by brush collision factor；So not colliding instead of to the principal element that slip ring damages, electric current damages fulguration, the galvanic corrosion of slip ring.The problem of to conclude that brush chattering, mechanical oscillation cannot be simply treated as, and the problem of mainly electric current damages.

Only it is busy with the presentation of brush chattering if not taking technical measures from effective control of electric current, some units, as long as brush vibrates, note that steam turbine profession goes measurement machine set system vibration first, the failure of brush chattering has occurred, it just disputes over trifles, shift responsibility onto others with steam turbine profession, this is the prejudice of the not reciprocity of professional technique and understanding, and contradictory root cannot be caught to work hard but to no avail.

Even if the past also uses the slip ring (high speed unit slip ring diameter 450mm or more) of larger size on smaller unit, with the scientific of understanding and deeply, present Large-scale machine set (600MW or more), slip ring size is smaller (diameter 400mm or less), slip ring can vehicle mill leeway it is smaller, vehicle is not ground just must replace slip ring several times.Present many power generation units do not have, do not have the technology and equipment ground to slip ring vehicle yet, it is a very big engineering that slip ring vehicle, which is ground and replaced, if can inevitably bring macrocyclic safe operation to slip ring vehicle mill, so vehicle mill is possible certainly, but the fact is not so, and is forced to slip ring vehicle mill, is unavoidable post measure.

(5) our theory with treat:

Oppose vehicle mill: brush chattering, hammering, spark causes slip ring to damage, and streak, groove, gradient, step, non-round etc. be forced to slip ring carry out vehicle mill accident example it is very much, some vehicle mills reach 15mm or more, slip ring must not be changed without --- we oppose that excessive vehicle mill and the excessive vehicle that relies on are ground, the especially slip ring of power industry Large-scale machine set, is designed as wear-resisting steel loop, and design concept is exactly the purpose in order to reach long-term safety operation.We advocate the maintenance by continuing science to electric brush slip ring, pass through control brush electric current and running oxidation film, the electric brush slip ring Failure elimination condition that its is generated with elimination at the beginning of rudiment, so that electric brush slip ring is kept well stable operating status for a long time, does not constitute the injury to slip ring to reach the purpose of long-term not vehicle mill.

Vehicle mill not necessarily bring safety nor safety the only way which must be passed, vehicle grind passively, be forced Remedial measures rather than active, positive preventive measure, does not mentionlet alone the technology and equipment that most of units do not have vehicle mill, i.e. the convinent car mill technology strong point that is unit, general 6 grades of slip ring finish or so after vehicle mill, the thickness of about up to ten thousand layers electrical carbon graphite；Even if reaching 10 grades of slip ring finish peak demand, the thickness of about 600 layers of electrical carbon graphite；Its unevenness is also considerably beyond the thickness of normal oxidation film.Vehicle mill is the technological means remedied, retrieved, and value will be discounted or even its value is negative, and it is not the work that general unit can be completed, most unit must seek help from manufacturing firm that vehicle is honed to be forced to replace slip ring more.

In the lab, all once there is research to electric brush slip ring wear problem under power on condition both at home and abroad, slip ring is under the conditions of no obviously injury, according to the related data simple computation of test, ideally slip ring abrasion 1mm about needs continuous operation up to 10~30 years, it can be said that maintenance and effective control means for slip ring science, the safe operation of slip ring long period is achievable target.

No matter how satisfactory vehicle mill is all not as good as the theory of not vehicle mill.We are in the experience of large-scale generator electric brush slip ring operation work decades, with the theory of control brush electric current and the brush coefficient of sliding friction (oxidation film), it treats and slip ring is avoided to injure problem, never advocated to grind slip ring vehicle, vehicle was but prevented to grind instead, once prevented vehicle grind unit in, unit therein until end-of-life remove it is also honed without vehicle.

4, network:

Electric brush slip ring operation real time information enters regional network, trade network, internet; related parameter self information, the related information of electric brush slip ring; coordination; data storage with record, exchange with discussion, be convenient for operating analysis, realization computerization; networking; intelligence, protection, control, measurement and data communicating integral, is strided forward from manual control to intelligent automatic control direction.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of brush current intelligence control system provided by the invention；

Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of another embodiment of brush current intelligence control system provided by the invention.

Description of symbols: brush 1；Ti Shua mechanism 11；Brush carrier 21；Temperature sensor 22；Slip ring 2；Force snesor 3；Force motor 4；Mover 5；Position recessed 51；Spring catch 52；Vibrating sensor 55；Linear position sensors 6；Sliding electromagnet 7；Spring 71；Current divider 8；Hall current sensor 9.

Specific embodiment

To facilitate the understanding of the present invention, it makes an explanation at this to some technical terms of this field.

Noun: subtract brush, mention brush, move back brush, spare brush, brush, the electricity to be judged that the setting service life will be arrived Brush, emergency use brush.

(1) subtract brush: reducing the quantity in operation brush, exactly will propose brush a part in the brush of operation.

(2) it mentions brush: will lift in the brush of operation, be allowed to temporary withdrawal operation.

(3) brush is moved back: it is directly that the brush is out of service, and all no longer put into operation in any case, (such as electric current super large, thermo-field thoery brush).

(4) spare brush: on the basis of former brush quantity, then a part of brush is installed as spare brush.

(5) will arrive setting the service life brush: it is out of service before brush to end-of-life, reserve 1~3mm as it is urgent when it is spare.

(6) brush to be judged: excessive, the too small brush of such as electric current, pressure adjusting progressively reaches adjustable pressure setting limit, electric current cannot still restore the range of setting, mentioned brush, it is at this time state to be judged, since brush current is not only related with pressure, it is also related with oxidation film, it is even also related with other brush working conditions, a period of time after oxidation film to be processed, new oxidation film is in stable state, or judges that brush operating condition, intellectual analysis control system further judge that above-mentioned mentioned brushes the brush for being in state to be judged through artificial inspection.

First judge one by one the too small brush being raised of electric current, after judge the excessive brush for being mentioned brush of electric current one by one, deterministic process: it individually puts into operation, adjust pressure, if brush current can be within the set range, it is then maintained at operating status to continue to use (because being mentioned brush from the original spare brush recovery stand-by state out of service thrown), illustrating to mention brush for the first time is not or is not all brush self problem.Judge that brush current can not illustrate that brush itself is problematic within the set range if putting into operation through this, is moved back (artificial detections) to be replaced such as brushes.

(7) emergency use brush: emergency occurs for brush operation or emergency, the brush that will be put into operation put into operation by setting；Emergency use brush include: spare brush, subtract brush operation brush, will arrive set the service life brush, brush to be judged, brush to be judged judged the still too small brush of electric current.

As shown in Figure 1, it is the structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of brush current intelligence control system provided by the invention, one end that referred herein to brush 1 is contacted with slip ring 2 is contact jaw, 1 other end of brush has Ti Shua mechanism 11 and referred to as lift end, force sensor 3 is set in lift end, the mover 5 of one force motor 4 (using thrust output as the linear motor of goal task) is connect with the force snesor 3, by the force snesor 3 to 1 transmitting thrust of brush, the force snesor 3 is connected by controller (being unillustrated) with the force motor 4 again；1 current loop of brush connects current divider 8, and for measuring the size of current passed through on brush 1, the current divider 8 is connected with the controller.

When the electric current on the brush 1 that current divider 8 measures has been more than upper limit value, then controller issues instruction, The thrust for exporting force motor 4 reduces, until the electric current on brush 1 is lower than upper limit value；Conversely, then controller issues instruction when the electric current on the brush 1 that current divider 8 measures is less than lower limit value, the thrust for exporting force motor 4 increases, until the electric current on brush 1 is higher than lower limit value.

Linear position sensors 6 are also connected on mover 5, for recording the distance of stretch out and draw back of mover 5, to calculate the residue length of brush 1, the linear position sensors 6 are connected with the controller.If the sensing element that force motor 4 has itself can be realized position sensor function, the force motor 4 constitutes the linear position sensors 6.If 4 position sensorless device function of force motor, can be as shown in Figure 1, be separately provided linear position sensors 6.As brush 1 is using wearing, when brush 1 uses setting length, the controller receives the feedback signal of linear position sensors 6, and the mover 5 of force motor 4 will be instructed to retract, keep brush 1 out of service.

May wear to setting length brush 1 (on-load brush) it is out of service after, spare brush (equally having brush current intelligence control system) automatically engages operation, the structure of spare brush is identical as the structure of on-load brush 1, and it will not be described here.

After linear position sensors 6 know that mover 5 returns to predetermined position, the controller will be switched off the power supply of force motor 4 to save electric energy, meanwhile, if the force motor 4 has the function of to cut off self-lock, the mover 5 will be unable to free extension by the self-locking limitation of the force motor 4.If the force motor 4 does not have the function that cuts off self-lock, then as shown in Figure 1, self-locking mechanism is equipped on mover 5, the self-locking mechanism is made of the spring catch 52 of positioning recessed 51 and 5 side of mover on mover 5, when mover 5 returns to predetermined position, spring catch 52 is caught under the effect of elasticity in positioning recessed 51, realizes lock-bit.

As shown in the above, if connecting the brush current intelligence control system on each brush 1 of generator, the current value of all brushes 1 in generator can be made to obtain real-time control, to prevent from seriously unevenly leading to the generation of brush failure due to the electric current on brush 1.

As shown in Figure 1, Ti Shua mechanism 11 is equipped in the lift end of the brush 1, the Ti Shua mechanism 11 is made of elastic material, its middle part is connected on mover 5, both ends are flexibly connected with the shrinkage pool in the lift end of brush 1, (such as clutch both ends) under external force, Ti Shua mechanism 11 can be detached from at the lift end of brush 1, to be convenient for changing brush 1.

It needs additionally to be mentioned that, the quick-fried accident of hydrogen occurs in order to prevent, hydrogen gas sensor (being unillustrated) can be set in the top of brush 1, the hydrogen gas sensor is connected with the controller.Once the hydrogen gas sensor, which detects density of hydrogen, reaches setting value, then issues alarm signal and locking mentions and swipes work, locking polishing brush, extinction brush movement, and reinforce divulging information, it is quick-fried to prevent hydrogen.

Force motor 4 in previous embodiment can also be substituted with sliding electromagnet, the function of current divider 8 can also be substituted with Hall current sensor 9, as shown in Figure 2, it is the structural schematic diagram of another embodiment of brush current intelligence control system provided by the invention, the sliding electromagnet 7 preferably gives mover 5 thrust output using long stroke at a slow speed (such as: helix tube type) electromagnet, at this time, generally require the connecting spring 71 on mover 5, mover 5 is pulled back under normal conditions or toward being pushed forward by the spring 71, to cooperate sliding electromagnet 7 to provide push-and-pull resultant force.Embodiment shown in Fig. 2, compared with embodiment shown in FIG. 1, remaining structure and working principle are all the same, and it will not be described here.

Furthermore, there are also many for the alternative of the force motor 4, such as electric putter, Electrohydraulic push rod, hydraulic cylinder, the electric putter or Electrohydraulic push rod thrust output, consider brush work in the environment of vibration, hollow-cup motor can be selected in the power motor of electric putter, with the rapidity of realization movement and output flexible force；At this point, can install elastic material (such as elastomeric pad) in order to absorb the influence of vibration in the lift end of brush and form buffering, remaining structure and working principle are similar, and it will not be described here.In short, as long as controllable power device, can be applied to the present invention.

It in the above two embodiments, is to introduce brush current intelligence control system by taking the brush 1 of horizontal direction arrangement as an example, in such cases, the pressure between brush 1 and slip ring 2 will not change with the change that brush 1 is self-possessed, and pressure control is relatively simple.And the brush 1 above slip ring 2, pressure are added the self weight of brush 1 by the thrust of force motor 4 (or sliding electromagnet 7 plus spring 71) and are formed；Brush 1 below slip ring 2, pressure are subtracted the self weight of brush 1 by the thrust of force motor 4 (or sliding electromagnet 7 plus spring 71) and are formed；The brush 1 of 2 side of slip ring, calculation of pressure method are different with the difference of tilt angle；If it is desired to which the pressure value of each brush 1 is equal as far as possible, then also need to consider the abrasion of the position and brush 1 of brush 1.

And the tilt angle of each brush 1 in use is constant, therefore, element other than brush 1, influence of its weight to face pressure is constant, it can regard as constant, it can be added in the control information of controller by measuring the factor of will affect in advance, to eliminate the influence of constant；And 1 weight of brush is variable, its weight is changed with abrasion is used, but the weight of brush 1 can be regularly changing with the change of 1 length of brush, therefore controller can also change the thrust of force motor 4 (or sliding electromagnet 7 plus spring 71) by the information that linear position sensors 6 are fed back, the influence of variable is eliminated, to realize more accurate pressure control.

Since brush 1 is inevitably worked in the environment of vibration, each sensor, controller and actuating mechanism will continually be experienced, feed back, instruct, act, in order to which brush 1 works in more stable state, together When avoid each device frequent movement, the thrust amplitude of force motor 4 (or sliding electromagnet 7 plus spring 71) should be made ladder adjusting.

Above-mentioned is brush current intelligent control scheme of the present invention i.e. integration scenario.The present invention can also take reduction procedure to brush current control, only include: controller, force motor, Ti Shua mechanism and current sensor.

Force motor is uncontrollable steady state value to the pressure that brush applies (as the constant pressure that the constant pressure spring of existing technology applies brush is the same); current sensor also only sets a feedback information; it is exactly brush " electric current super large " information; feed back controller; controller instruction force motor " moving back brush " (brush total quantity is moved back in controller setting); this reduction procedure can be out of service by the brush of electric current super large, to avoid the generation of brush burnout failure, realizes defencive function.

The present invention is according to the needs in actual production concrete application, it may be considered that realizes simple function, partial function, comprehensive function.

The present invention also provides a kind of brush current intelligent control methods, to realize automatic adjustment, the control and protection of brush current:

If the electric current super large (current value is greater than or equal to 2 times of brush rated current) of some brush: protection act is directly " moving back brush "；It is without time limit safeguard measure; but will be by " encouraging movement locking by force " license --- movement is encouraged by force; the brush that originally electric current is excessive, electric current is bigger than normal is all likely to be breached electric current super large brush directly " moving back brush " movement setting valve; it causes to encourage the possibility that directly " moving back brush " movement of movement and electric current super large brush has simultaneously operation by force; therefore, directly " moving back brush " movement of electric current super large brush will encourage movement license through too strong.

If the electric current of some brush is excessive (current value is greater than or equal to 1.5 times and the brush rated current less than 2 times): until gradually reducing brush pressure to pressure low limit setting value, electric current cannot still restore normal range (NR) after (being had the setting time limit) three times and mentioned brush and putting into operation, and mention and brush state to be judged (control measure).

If the electric current of some brush is (current value is greater than or equal to 1.15 times and the brush rated current less than 1.5 times) bigger than normal: until gradually reducing brush pressure to pressure low limit setting value, so that brush current is restored normal range (NR) (regulation measure) by pressure adjusting.

If the electric current of some brush is (current value is less than or equal to 0.5 times and is greater than 0.25 times of brush rated current) less than normal: incrementally increasing brush pressure until pressure height limits setting value, so that brush current is restored normal range (NR) (regulation measure) by pressure adjusting.

If the electric current of some brush is too small (current value is less than or equal to 0.25 times of brush rated current): incrementally increasing brush pressure until pressure height limits setting value, electric current cannot still restore normal range (NR) after (being had the setting time limit) three times and mentioned brush and putting into operation, and mention and brush state to be judged (control measure).

Above-mentioned electric current is excessive, electric current is bigger than normal, electric current is less than normal, electric current crosses minor adjustment, control measure, and setting valve is in addition to electric current, there are also time limit (selecting between such as 0.1 second~60 seconds) is adjusted, to prevent control device frequent movement.

It is above-mentioned to mention brush three times: to mention 2~10s of brush for the first time, mention 5~30s of brush after interval setting duration for the second time, mention 20~120s of brush for the third time after interval setting duration.

Brush burnout failure is burnt by high current, electric arc, during burning development, it is initially substantially to be divided equally on individual, a small amount of brush to concentrate electric current from whole brush currents --- the phenomenon that this " concentration " is form, its essence is having occurred " robbing current phenomena ", brush, which robs electric current, to be caused itself to burn.

The prior art is by artificially adjusting, control " robbing current phenomena " continues to deteriorate development, artificially adjusts, the limitation of control: (1) cannot find the symptom of a trend of " robbing current phenomena " in time；(2) specific aim, timeliness are difficult to realize, and each one technology difference is very big；(3) there are personal dangerousness for the brush of artificial processing deterioration development；(4) it is difficult to realize effectively prevent, cuts off fault chains.

Intelligence is adjusted, control, is protected:

Comprehensive, gamut, overall process: each brush (multiple parameters: such as electric current, temperature) are uninterruptedly monitored in real time.

Such as electric current, from too small, less than normal, bigger than normal, excessive, super large whole-process control (subsequent signal and the specific number for showing the brush).

The present invention is directed to the different operational modes of generator, also different to the control mode of brush current.

(1) generator open, shutdown mode:

Refer to that generator is opened, in stopping process; exciter current of generator rated current 35% and it is following when; although running brush subtracts the brush method of operation by generator underloading and subtracts brush 1/5~1/3 successively; but in the brush of operation state still less than normal all in electric current greatly; at this moment the brush pressure for being set in operation is lower limit value; it do not make adjustments, control, i.e., generator is opened, shutdown mode is that exciting current is latched brush pressure adjusting, control.

(2) generator light-load mode:

Refer to generator light running, i.e. exciter current of generator is in rated current 35%~60%, consider that the excessive phenomenon of current deviation does not occur in the brush of operation, allow to carry out certain amplitude adjusting to brush pressure, amplitude of accommodation range is, playing pressure regulation power is brush pressure lower limit value, and pressure increase value amplitude range is that brush pressure ceiling value subtracts brush pressure lower limit value multiplied by 80%.

(3) generator normal operation mode:

Refer to generator normal load run, i.e. exciter current of generator in 60% or more rated current, The present invention enters normal mode to the adjusting of brush current, control, protection.

Brush current intelligent control method provided by the invention, the sequence that puts into operation when emergency occurs for brush are as follows: when some brush current super large is moved back brush, and there is some brush current super large to be moved back brush, when the case where persistent brush current super large has occurred, the sequencing of emergency use brush to put into operation is: spare brush, underloading subtract brush brush, will arrive set the service life brush, brush to be judged, brush to be judged judged the still too small brush of electric current.

In the following embodiments ,if needed, it in brush running track, also adds that set of device controls polishing brush, another covering device controls extinction brush respectively, automatically engages operation as needed.The polishing brush is also referred to as scale removing brush, abrasive brush, its material and structure are the prior art, for abrading undesirable film layer on slip-ring brush sliding working face, the material and structure of the extinction brush are also the prior art, and typical structure has Chinese Patent Application No. 200710003579.7 revealed " extinction brush ".

Brush current intelligent control method provided by the invention can be combined with each row's brush average current and relatively implement and (have additional polishing brush and extinction brush in brush running track):

Certain entire row brush average current is (such as more than the 150% of other each row's brush average currents) bigger than normal relative to other each row's brush average currents, then polishing brush, extinction brush movement, it handles oxidation film (being set the time limit), the brush for gradually handling larger current in row's brush respectively again, that is, reduce the brush pressure.Until row's brush average current relative to other each row's brush average current deviations within the specified scope.

Certain entire row brush average current is (such as 50% of insufficient other each row's brush average currents) less than normal relative to other each row's brush average currents, then polishing brush, extinction brush movement, it handles oxidation film (being set the time limit), the brush for gradually handling smaller current in row's brush respectively again, that is, increase the brush pressure.Until row's brush average current relative to other each row's brush average current deviations within the specified scope.

Wherein, when checking the sum of each row's brush average current, to consider the practical brush number in operation of each row.

Brush current intelligent control method provided by the invention, it is also contemplated that brush running temperature control:

(1) one side that (close to slip ring end) is properly installed in the bottom end of each brush carrier 21, away within the scope of 21 1~5mm of bottom end of brush carrier, bore an aperture, it installs point type temperature-sensing element (temperature sensor 22), to measure brush body close to the temperature of sliding working face, temperature signal is transmitted to controller by temperature sensor 22.

(2) the high reason of brush sliding surface temperature has: dry friction, brush carrier shunt, brush current is excessive.Graphite-like brush sliding and running working face reaches 140~155 DEG C, and high temperature will destroy oxidation film, and sliding and running characteristic deteriorates.

(3) temperature-sensing element sets 135~140 DEG C " moving back brush "；Temperature-sensing element sets 115~135 DEG C of reduction pressure, if temperature continues to increase, " mentioning brush " is to be checked.

(4) certain row's brush prevailing temperature is too high or too low: polishing brush puts into operation simultaneously or successively with extinction brush, to form good oxidation film layer.

Brush current intelligent control method provided by the invention, it is also contemplated that generator underloading subtracts brush operating condition:

No matter it is to run on slip ring always that present generating set, which fills how many brush all, from booting, underloading, it is fully loaded with until encouraging movement by force, is all that whole brushes are being run in any case.Especially the too small many index for brush operation of brush current density is unfavorable to night dip at light load, while wasting brush, wears slip ring.

Generator be lightly loaded exciting current rated current 60% and it is following when, setting subtracts the operation of brush 1/5~1/3 successively, brush determines the brush quantity that puts into operation according to exciting current, and it throws move back brush at any time, as generator load increases, is subtracted brush and put (size of quantity and exciting current that i.e. brush puts into operation is positively correlated) into operation successively.

Subtracting brush run action adjusting condition may be selected following sequence: (1) subtracting brush by number；(2) subtract brush since heavy-current electric brush；(3) subtract brush since low current brush；(4) subtract brush since the high brush of temperature.

Brush current intelligent control method provided by the invention, shunting judgement with control for brush carrier is:

In controller logic analysis part by setting time by the sum of each brush current compared with excitation total current, the larger allowed band for having exceeded setting of deviation, then starting proposes brush program, mention brush three seconds and when often lifting a brush, calculate the sum of each brush current difference compared with excitation total current, be obviously reduced when some brush lifts time difference value (such as: when the brush lifts, the variation of the sum of each brush current be more than 5% even more than 10%), it is serious to illustrate that this brush carrier shunts, computer notifies operator on duty to handle or this brush is moved back brush.

It mentions brush because brush carrier shunts there are three types of carry into execution a plan to select for reference: (1) mentioning brush by installing and using number order；(2) brush is mentioned by temperature sequence；(3) brush is mentioned by size of current sequence.

Brush current intelligent control method provided by the invention, it is also contemplated that brush chattering (has additional polishing brush and extinction brush in brush running track to measure the vibration of brush 1 for this purpose, being equipped with vibrating sensor 55 on the overhanging end of mover 5):

The fluctuation of coefficient of friction and the unevenness of electric current and fluctuation, cause the vibration of brush sliding and running, at the initial stage of vibration, if the vibration of a certain row's brush therein all reaches setting value, illustrate that oxidation film is bad (no film, unevenness, severe film), polishing brush, extinction brush movement, vibration was eliminated in the budding stage.

If certain single brush chattering, and the other brushes of this row do not vibrate, and are that this brush is problematic, move back brush.

In above-mentioned brush current intelligent control method, pressure, electric current, temperature control planning are as follows:

Pressure, electric current have upper and lower limit setting value, and temperature has upper limit set value: upper pressure limit, lower limit, upper current limit, lower limit, temperature upper limit, --- five setting values control respectively, when controlling certain single parameter, there is any one parameter to reach limit value again, this brush " mentioning brush " is to be checked.

Above-mentioned " encouraging movement by force " means that

(1) " movement is encouraged by force " and is the needs of main equipment abnormal operational conditions, exciting current reaches 1.5~2.5 times of rated current when " encouraging movement by force ", and operation time limit is generally 10 seconds, in the process, be may cause many brush currents and is increased considerably.

(2) when " encouraging movement by force ", whole emergency use brushes is put into.

(3) " encouraging movement by force " is latched: when " encouraging movement by force ", the adjusting of brush current, control and protection operation program " being encouraged movement by force " locking, disapprove and mention brush again, move back brush under normal circumstances.

(4) when " encouraging movement by force " and in the delay period of setting, blocking temperature is high and mentions brush, moves back brush.

(5) " movement is encouraged by force " afterwards: being not that above-mentioned brush restores spare and out of service original state, but under new operating status, it rejudges and needs most brush out of service after being encouraged heavy current impact injury by force, when brush out of service reach setting exit total quantity just no longer exit brush operation, it is originally out of service only to put into operation as emergency use brush because of " encouraging movement by force ", it can not exit again, only hair alerting signal, to guarantee in fortune brush total quantity, after being encouraged the brush changing of heavy current impact injury by force and being put into operation, originally brush out of service can be out of service and more renews brush, until whole brushes all restore normal condition.

(6) after process of " encouraging movement by force ", because high current may destroy oxidation film, then oxidation film is handled by setting time limit investment polishing brush, extinction brush.

Points for attention of the present invention when micro-machine is applied:

The small brush quantity of micro-machine electric current is few, one of brush may occur and just carry whole electric currents, intelligent control need to consider to handle the sequence of brush abnormal conditions, the brush that electric current is small, temperature is low should first be handled, after electric current is small, temperature is low brush normal current-carrying, the reprocessing brush that electric current is big, temperature is high.

It is described above to be merely exemplary for the purpose of the present invention; and not restrictive, those of ordinary skill in the art understand, without departing from the spirit and scope defined by the claims; can many modifications may be made, variation or equivalent, but will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A kind of brush current intelligence control system, it is characterized by: force sensor is arranged in the lift end of each brush, each force snesor connects a controllable power device, the controllable power device passes through the force snesor to the brush transmitting thrust, the force snesor passes through controller again and is connected with controllable power device, the brush current circuit is connected with current divider or Hall current sensor, for measuring the size of current passed through on brush, the current divider or Hall current sensor are connected with the controller.
2. A kind of brush current control system, it is characterized by: the thrust that the mover of a power device is fixed to brush transmitting, the brush current circuit is connected with current divider or Hall current sensor, for measuring the size of current passed through on brush, the current divider or Hall current sensor are connected with controller, and the controller reconnects the power device.
3. A kind of brush current intelligent control method, each brush of generator are connected with brush current intelligence control system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:

   If the electric current super large of some brush, i.e. its current value are greater than or equal to 2 times of brush rated current: the brush directly moves back brush；

   If the electric current of some brush is excessive, i.e. its current value is greater than or equal to 1.5 times and the brush rated current less than 2 times: until gradually reducing brush pressure to pressure low limit setting value, electric current cannot still restore normal range (NR) after being mentioned brush three times and being put into operation, and mention and brush state to be judged；

   If the electric current of some brush is bigger than normal, i.e., its current value is greater than or equal to 1.15 times and the brush rated current less than 1.5 times: until gradually reducing brush pressure to pressure low limit setting value, so that brush current is restored normal range (NR) by pressure adjusting；

   If the electric current of some brush is less than normal, i.e., its current value is less than or equal to 0.5 times and is greater than 0.25 times of brush rated current: incrementally increasing brush pressure until pressure height limits setting value, so that brush current is restored normal range (NR) by pressure adjusting；

   If the electric current of some brush is too small, i.e., its current value is less than or equal to 0.25 times of brush rated current: incrementally increasing brush pressure until pressure height limits setting value, electric current cannot still restore normal range (NR) after being mentioned brush three times and being put into operation, and mention and brush state to be judged.
4. A kind of brush current intelligent control method, each brush of generator are connected with brush current intelligence control system as described in claim 1, have additional polishing brush and extinction brush in brush running track；It is characterized by:

   If certain entire row brush average current is bigger than normal relative to other each row's brush average currents, then polishing brush, extinction brush movement, handle oxidation film, gradually handle the brush of larger current in row's brush respectively again, reduce the brush pressure, to pressure to lower limit value, until row's brush average current relative to other each row's brush average current deviations within the specified scope；

   If certain entire row brush average current is less than normal relative to other each row's brush average currents, then polishing brush, extinction brush movement, handle oxidation film, gradually handle the brush of smaller current in row's brush respectively again, increase the brush pressure, to pressure to ceiling value, until row's brush average current relative to other each row's brush average current deviations within the specified scope.
5. A kind of brush current intelligent control method, each brush of generator are connected with brush current intelligence control system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:

   Temperature sensor is housed close to the position of slip ring in the brush carrier of each brush, temperature signal is transmitted to the controller by the temperature sensor；

   If the temperature sensor measurement to temperature reach 135~140 DEG C it is even higher, corresponding brush moves back brush；

   If the temperature sensor measurement to temperature reach 115~135 DEG C, corresponding brush reduces pressure.
6. A kind of brush current intelligent control method, each brush of generator is connected with brush current intelligence control system as described in claim 1, it is characterized by: by the sum of each brush current compared with excitation total current, if deviation has exceeded the allowed band of setting, then starting proposes brush program, brush is mentioned one by one, and when often lifting a brush, calculate the sum of each brush current difference compared with excitation total current, it is obviously reduced when some brush lifts time difference value, then computer notifies operator on duty to handle or this brush is moved back brush.
7. A kind of brush current intelligent control method, each brush of generator are connected with brush current intelligence control system as described in claim 1, have additional polishing brush and extinction brush in brush running track；It is characterized by: being equipped with vibrating sensor, on the overhanging end of mover to measure the vibration of brush；

   If measurement learns that the vibration of a certain row's brush all reaches setting value, the polishing brush of the row, extinction brush movement handle oxidation film；If the single brush chattering in a certain row's brush, and the other brushes of the row do not vibrate, then the single brush are moved back brush and handled.
8. A kind of brush current intelligent control method, each brush of generator is connected with brush current intelligence control system as described in claim 1, it is characterized by: when exciter current of generator rated current 60% and it is following when, subtract the operation of brush 1/5~1/3 successively, the size for the quantity and exciting current that brush puts into operation is positively correlated.