CN109412895B - Method and equipment for detecting E1/T1 link time slot binding mode - Google Patents
Method and equipment for detecting E1/T1 link time slot binding mode Download PDFInfo
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- CN109412895B CN109412895B CN201811355084.5A CN201811355084A CN109412895B CN 109412895 B CN109412895 B CN 109412895B CN 201811355084 A CN201811355084 A CN 201811355084A CN 109412895 B CN109412895 B CN 109412895B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
- H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/30—Definitions, standards or architectural aspects of layered protocol stacks
- H04L69/32—Architecture of open systems interconnection [OSI] 7-layer type protocol stacks, e.g. the interfaces between the data link level and the physical level
- H04L69/322—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions
- H04L69/324—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the data link layer [OSI layer 2], e.g. HDLC
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
- H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
- H04W72/0446—Resources in time domain, e.g. slots or frames
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for detecting a time slot binding mode of an E1/T1 link, wherein the method comprises the following steps: preliminarily judging a time slot which is converted from an idle state to a working state in continuous M frames in a time slot to be detected as a binding time slot, wherein M is more than or equal to 2 and is an integer; serializing the data of the time slot which is preliminarily determined to be bound according to the bound time slot, and recombining the serialized data into Payload data; removing idle filling in Payload data and extracting a data frame; the data frame is parsed using the supported link layer protocol. The invention has the advantages of high speed and high efficiency. Under the condition of not considering the use of the cache data, only one frame of Payload data is needed to determine the E1/T1 link slot binding mode, and the Payload data can be lost less. The invention is not limited to HDLC data, and has wider application range; and can automatically adapt to the scene of dynamic change of the time slot binding mode of the E1/T1 link.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication protocols, in particular to a method and equipment for detecting a time slot binding mode of an E1/T1 link.
Background
E1 and T1 are widely used transmission standards. The E1 standard used in europe is 32-way Pulse Code Modulation (PCM), the sampling rate is 8000 frames per second, each frame is divided into 32 time slots, one time slot is 8 bits, and the transmission rate is 8000 × 256 bits, i.e., 2.048 Mbit/s; the standard T1 used in north america is 24 PCM, each frame is divided into 24 time slots, one time slot is 8 bits, 1 bit is added after every 24 × 8 bits as frame synchronization, one frame is 193 bits, and the transmission rate is 8000 × 193 bits, that is, 1.544 Mbit/s.
E1 and T1 are similar in the manner of use of the slots, except for differences in transmission rate and synchronization. The E1 standard in Europe is adopted in China, so the following description takes the E1 standard as an example.
Each time slot of E1 has a bandwidth of 64Kbit/s, wherein the 0 th time slot is used for transmitting frame synchronization data, and the remaining 31 time slots can be used for transmitting valid data. In E1 of the multiframe, the 16 th time slot is used for transmitting signaling, and the remaining 30 time slots may be used for transmitting valid data. Under different usage scenarios, E1 may have different usage methods for time slots for transmitting data. Each time slot can be used as a single 64Kbit/s channel to transmit traditional telephone voice data, 31 time slots can be used as an integral 2.048Mbit/s channel, or a plurality of time slots are bound together according to user requirements and used as an N x 64Kbit/s channel to transmit data packets.
In the scene of E1 channel monitoring, how to judge the combination mode of the time slots is a difficult point, the existing technical solution is a similar exhaustive mode, such as the method described in the invention patent CN104579835B, which combines the time slots according to 2 time slots, 3 time slots, and up to N time slots, then checks one by one to eliminate the wrong combination, and determines the correct combination, and this similar exhaustive mode is definitely inefficient. The method described in patent CN104579835B is exhaustive of time slot combinations, low in efficiency and slow in speed, and the detection mode of the method depends on the coding mode of Payload data, and only HDLC-like codes can be effectively detected, so that the applicable scenarios are limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for rapidly detecting the E1/T1 link time slot combination mode, which has no limitation on the Payload data coding mode and has wider application scenes.
The invention provides a method for detecting a time slot binding mode of an E1/T1 link, which comprises the following steps:
preliminarily judging a time slot which is converted from an idle state to a working state in continuous M frames in a time slot to be detected as a binding time slot, wherein M is more than or equal to 2 and is an integer;
serializing the data of the time slot which is preliminarily determined to be bound according to the bound time slot, and recombining the serialized data into Payload data;
removing idle filling in Payload data and extracting a data frame;
the data frame is parsed using the supported link layer protocol.
Further, the specific method of the preliminary judgment includes: carrying out XOR operation on the data of the same time slot to be detected of adjacent frames; a time slot in which the operation value is transitioned from zero to non-zero is determined as a time slot in which the operation value is transitioned from the "idle" state to the "on" state.
Further, still include: and removing the successfully analyzed binding time slot from the time slot to be detected.
Further, still include: and when the analysis fails continuously, unbinding the time slot which is successfully bound originally, and re-using the time slot as the time slot to be detected.
Further, the slot binding is released when 5 data frame parsing failures occur consecutively.
Further, M is equal to 2 or 3 or 4.
Another aspect of the present invention provides an apparatus for detecting a slot bonding manner of an E1/T1 link, including:
the time slot binding mode preliminary judgment device is used for preliminarily judging the time slot which is converted from an idle state to a working state in continuous M frames in the time slot to be detected as a binding time slot, wherein M is more than or equal to 2, and M is an integer;
the Payload data recombination device is used for serializing the data of the time slot which is preliminarily determined to be bound according to the binding time slot and recombining the data into Payload data;
the data frame extraction device is used for removing idle filling in Payload data and extracting a data frame;
and the data frame analysis device is used for analyzing the data frame by using the supported link layer protocol.
Further, the specific method for the preliminary judgment of the preliminary judgment device of the time slot binding mode comprises the following steps: carrying out XOR operation on the data of the same time slot to be detected of adjacent frames; the time slot in which the operation value is transitioned from zero to non-zero is determined as the time slot in which the adjacent frame data is transitioned from the "idle" state to the "on" state.
Further, still include: and the bound time slot removing device is used for removing the bound time slot which is successfully analyzed from the time slot to be detected.
Further, still include: and the time slot binding and unbinding device is used for unbinding the time slot which is originally successfully bound when the analysis fails to continuously occur, and taking the time slot as the time slot to be detected again.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for determining a slot bonding manner of an E1/T1 link, including:
and judging the time slot which is converted from the idle state to the working state in the continuous M frames in the time slot to be detected as a binding time slot, wherein M is more than or equal to 2, and M is an integer.
Further, the specific method for judging comprises the following steps: carrying out XOR operation on the data of the same time slot to be detected of adjacent frames; a time slot in which the operation value is transitioned from zero to non-zero is determined as a time slot in which the operation value is transitioned from the "idle" state to the "on" state.
Further, M is equal to 2 or 3 or 4.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method as described above.
Compared with the exhaustive method in the prior art, the method for judging the E1/T1 link time slot binding mode by detecting the 'working' and 'idle' state transition of the E1/T1 time slot has the advantages of high speed and high efficiency. Under the condition of not considering the use of the cache data, only one frame of Payload data is needed to determine the E1/T1 link slot binding mode, and the Payload data can be lost less. The invention is not limited to HDLC data, and has wider application range; and can automatically adapt to the scene of dynamic change of the time slot binding mode of the E1/T1 link.
Drawings
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the structure of E1 frame;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a sample schematic of an E1 signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a working state transition determination of adjacent frame data according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an E1 signal slot bonding decision according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of recombined Payload data according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an extracted data frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
E1 and T1 are similar in the manner of use of the slots, except for differences in transmission rate and synchronization. The European standard E1 is adopted in China, so the following description takes the E1 standard as an example, but the technical scheme is also applicable to the T1 standard.
When E1 is used for transmitting data packets, a plurality of time slots can be bound together to be used as a channel of N x 64Kbit/s according to the actual bandwidth requirement of a user; on the other hand, one E1 link can provide service for multiple users simultaneously, and multiple relatively independent N x 64Kbit/s channels are formed. In this way, the bandwidth requirements of the user can be met with minimal cost, and the resources of E1 are fully utilized.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an E1 frame structure, as shown in fig. 1: the 0 th time slot is a synchronous time slot, and 0x1B is transmitted in an odd frame to be used as a synchronous code; the 1 st time slot to the 31 st time slot are user data time slots, which can be used as a single 64Kbit/s channel or bound to be an N x 64Kbit/s channel.
The time slot binding is configured at the network equipment end, is relatively stable, but can be dynamically changed according to needs. The channel monitor can not directly obtain the time slot binding mode of the E1 link at E1, and the detection must be carried out through software.
The E1 link has "active" and "idle" status differences when transferring data. The "working" state is the state when Payload data is transmitted; an "idle" state is a state when there is no Payload data to transmit. Taking the PPP protocol as an example, Payload data encapsulated according to the PPP protocol is transmitted when there is Payload data, and 0x7E is transmitted as idle padding when there is no Payload data. Since the idle state fill information is fixed and invariant, the "working" and "idle" state transitions can be detected by software.
The method for detecting the E1 link slot binding mode provided by the present invention is explained in detail below, and the specific flow is shown in fig. 2.
1. When a data packet is transmitted on a channel of N × 64Kbit/s, the data streams are organized in a parallel manner on bound N time slots. For the detected time slot, when the adjacent frame data is simultaneously transited from the idle state to the working state, the time slot can be preliminarily determined as the binding time slot. Since the data may not be transitioned from the first slot but from the intermediate slot, at least the state transition of 2 consecutive frames is considered.
In one embodiment, taking 18 consecutive E1 data samples as an example, as shown in fig. 3, slot 1 to slot 31 are the slots to be detected.
1.1, carrying out exclusive OR operation on the data of the same time slot to be detected of adjacent frames, indicating that the time slot is in an idle state when the operation value is zero, and indicating that the time slot is in a working state when the operation value is non-zero.
The exclusive or operation result of the 1 st to 4 th frames of data indicates that, as shown in fig. 4, the time slots 23 to 24 are changed from the "idle" state to the "working" state in the 3 rd frame; slot 1 to slot 22 transition from the "idle" state to the "active" state in frame 4.
1.2 since the timeslots 1 to 24 are changed from the "idle" state to the "working" state in the consecutive 2 frames (frames 3 and 4), it can be preliminarily determined that the timeslots 1 to 24 are bound to a 24 × 64Kbit/s channel. The time slots 25 to 31 in which no state change is detected are temporarily determined as unstructured time slots as shown in fig. 5.
1.3 further description of Slot binding mode decision
1.3.1 time slot 0 is a synchronous time slot and is not judged.
1.3.2 time slots 25 to 31 in which the operating state has not changed in the 1 st to 18 th frames are temporarily determined as unstructured time slots, but the determination of time slots 25 to 31 may be corrected by continuous detection of the data stream.
The 1.3.3 bonded timeslots are not necessarily consecutive in sequence number, for example, timeslots 1 to 4, and timeslots 6 to 9 may be bonded to an 8 × 64Kbit/s channel.
1.3.4 when the exclusive-or operation is performed at 1.1, there is a small probability that the operation result of the time slot in the "working" state is 0 (when two adjacent frames of data in the same time slot are equal). For this, the determination condition of 2 consecutive frames in 1.2 can be adjusted to 3 consecutive frames or 4 consecutive frames to improve the determination accuracy, but at the same time, the sensitivity of the detection method is reduced.
2. And serializing the data of the channel N × 64Kbit/s which is preliminarily judged to be bound according to the binding time slot, and recombining the serialized data into Payload data.
In this embodiment, after the data in time slots 1 to 24 are reassembled, Payload data is obtained as shown in fig. 6.
3. After the Payload data is removed from the idle padding, the data frame can be extracted, as shown in fig. 7. (Note: free stuff 0x7E may appear as 0xFC, 0x9F, 0x3F, 0xCF, 0xF9, 0xF3 due to byte-aligned relationships).
After the data frame is obtained, the data frame is tried to be analyzed one by using a supported link layer protocol set (such as PPP protocol, FR protocol, HDLC protocol and the like).
4. If the link layer protocol in the step 3 is successfully analyzed, the binding judgment of the time slot in the step 1 is correct, and the corresponding successfully bound time slot can be removed from the time slot to be detected in the step 1, so that the detection efficiency and the detection accuracy are improved; otherwise, if the link layer protocol analysis fails, the time slot binding judgment is wrong, and the detection is required to be continued. (note: if the link layer protocol resolution fails in step 3, it is possible that the link layer protocol set does not support the actually carried data, and the resolution failure can be solved by extending the link layer protocol set).
5. When the network device reconfigures the time slot binding mode, the time slot successfully bound in step 1 cannot be successfully analyzed out of the link layer data in step 3. And when the data analysis of the link layer fails continuously, the original successfully bound time slot is unbound, and the time slot is added to the step 1 again for time slot binding detection. The threshold value of continuous analysis failure can be set according to the signal quality of the actual line, and the time slot binding is released if 5 data frames are continuously failed in analysis.
In another aspect, the present invention further provides a detection device corresponding to the foregoing method, where the detection device includes: the time slot binding mode preliminary judgment device is used for preliminarily judging the time slot which is converted from an idle state to a working state in continuous M frames in the time slot to be detected as a binding time slot, wherein M is more than or equal to 2, and M is an integer; the Payload data recombination device is used for serializing the data of the time slot which is preliminarily determined to be bound according to the binding time slot and recombining the data into Payload data; the data frame extraction device is used for removing idle filling in Payload data and extracting a data frame; and the data frame analysis device is used for analyzing the data frame by using the supported link layer protocol.
In some embodiments, the detection apparatus further includes a bound time slot removing device, configured to remove the successfully analyzed bound time slot from the time slot to be detected; and the time slot binding and unbinding device is used for unbinding the time slot which is originally successfully bound when the analysis fails to continuously occur, and taking the time slot as the time slot to be detected again.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the steps in the methods of the above embodiments may be implemented by hardware associated with program instructions, and the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, which may include: read Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), magnetic or optical disks, and the like.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.
Claims (15)
1. A method for detecting the time slot binding mode of an E1/T1 link is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preliminarily judging a time slot which is converted from an idle state to a working state in continuous M frames in a time slot to be detected as a binding time slot, wherein the time slot is at least two parts of time slots of which the states are converted according to the time sequence of the frame number, M is more than or equal to 2, and M is an integer;
serializing the data of the time slot which is preliminarily determined to be bound according to the bound time slot, and recombining the serialized data into Payload data;
removing idle filling in Payload data and extracting a data frame;
the data frame is parsed using the supported link layer protocol.
2. The method for detecting the E1/T1 link slot bonding mode as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific method of the preliminary decision includes: carrying out XOR operation on the data of the same time slot to be detected of adjacent frames; a time slot in which the operation value is transitioned from zero to non-zero is determined as a time slot in which the operation value is transitioned from the "idle" state to the "on" state.
3. The method for detecting the time slot bonding mode of the E1/T1 link according to claim 1, further comprising: and removing the successfully analyzed binding time slot from the time slot to be detected.
4. The method for detecting the time slot bonding mode of the E1/T1 link according to claim 1, further comprising: and when the analysis fails continuously, unbinding the time slot which is successfully bound originally, and re-using the time slot as the time slot to be detected.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the slot bonding is released when 5 consecutive failed data frame resolutions are detected.
6. The method for detecting the time slot bonding mode of the E1/T1 link of claim 1, wherein M is equal to 2, 3 or 4.
7. An apparatus for detecting the slot bonding mode of an E1/T1 link, comprising:
the time slot binding mode preliminary judgment device is used for preliminarily judging the time slot which is converted from an idle state to a working state in continuous M frames in the time slot to be detected as a binding time slot, wherein the time slot is at least two parts of time slots of which the states are converted according to the time sequence of the frame number, M is more than or equal to 2, and M is an integer;
the Payload data recombination device is used for serializing the data of the time slot which is preliminarily determined to be bound according to the binding time slot and recombining the data into Payload data;
the data frame extraction device is used for removing idle filling in Payload data and extracting a data frame;
and the data frame analysis device is used for analyzing the data frame by using the supported link layer protocol.
8. The apparatus for detecting the slot bonding mode of the E1/T1 link as claimed in claim 7, wherein the specific method for the preliminary determination by the preliminary determination device of the slot bonding mode includes: carrying out XOR operation on the data of the same time slot to be detected of adjacent frames; a time slot in which the operation value is transitioned from zero to non-zero is determined as a time slot in which the operation value is transitioned from the "idle" state to the "on" state.
9. The apparatus for detecting E1/T1 link slot bonding mode as claimed in claim 7, further comprising: and the bound time slot removing device is used for removing the bound time slot which is successfully analyzed from the time slot to be detected.
10. The apparatus for detecting E1/T1 link slot bonding mode as claimed in claim 7, further comprising: and the time slot binding and unbinding device is used for unbinding the time slot which is originally successfully bound when the analysis fails to continuously occur, and taking the time slot as the time slot to be detected again.
11. A method for determining the time slot binding mode of an E1/T1 link is characterized by comprising the following steps:
and preliminarily judging the time slot which is converted from the idle state to the working state in continuous M frames in the time slot to be detected as a binding time slot, wherein the time slot is at least two parts of time slots with state conversion according to the time sequence of the frame number, M is more than or equal to 2, and M is an integer.
12. The method for determining the slot bonding manner of the E1/T1 link as claimed in claim 11, wherein the specific method for determining comprises: carrying out XOR operation on the data of the same time slot to be detected of adjacent frames; the time slot in which the operation value is transitioned from zero to non-zero is determined as the time slot in which the adjacent frame data is transitioned from the "idle" state to the "on" state.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein M is equal to 2, 3 or 4.
14. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
15. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method of any one of claims 11 to 13.
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| CN101188529A (en) * | 2007-12-11 | 2008-05-28 | 上海华为技术有限公司 | E1 loop detection method and device |
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