CN109412374B - Method for damping SPA bridge by using electromagnetic energy acquisition-damper - Google Patents

Method for damping SPA bridge by using electromagnetic energy acquisition-damper Download PDF

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CN109412374B
CN109412374B CN201811477736.2A CN201811477736A CN109412374B CN 109412374 B CN109412374 B CN 109412374B CN 201811477736 A CN201811477736 A CN 201811477736A CN 109412374 B CN109412374 B CN 109412374B
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bridge
vibration
shell
mass block
spa
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CN109412374A (en
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侯文崎
郑勇
林泓志
李言坤
国巍
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Central South University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K35/00—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K35/04—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit with moving coil systems and stationary magnets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for damping an SPA bridge by using an electromagnetic type energy acquisition-damper, which comprises a shell, wherein four mutually independent cavities are formed in the shell, vibration assemblies are arranged in the cavities, the natural frequencies of the vibration assemblies in each cavity are different, each vibration assembly comprises a mass block which can move up and down freely, a spring connected between the mass block and a bottom plate of the shell, at least one flat coil arranged on the outer side wall of the mass block and a bridge rectifier arranged on the top of the mass block and connected with the flat coil, and permanent magnets which correspond to the flat coils one by one are arranged on the inner side of each cavity. Compared with the existing single vibration mode, the vibration mode has the advantages of increased working frequency bandwidth, enhanced stability and more stable energy storage performance.

Description

Method for damping SPA bridge by using electromagnetic energy acquisition-damper
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the self-powered technical field of bridge health monitoring, and particularly relates to a method for damping an SPA bridge by using an electromagnetic energy acquisition-damper.
Background
The segment precast assembled bridge (SPA bridge) is used as a rapid construction bridge and is applied to urban rail transit overhead lines more and more widely. Compared with the bridge constructed by the traditional cast-in-place method, the SPA bridge has the advantages of green, energy conservation and high efficiency, but due to the existence of splicing seams, the section rigidity and the use durability of the segmental prefabricated assembled bridge are always the key points of attention. In order to ensure the normal operation of the bridge, long-term health monitoring of the bridge is very necessary. The bridge health monitoring needs to arrange or embed components on the bridge, and how to provide continuous and stable energy supply for the embedded components is an important research target.
Based on the background, a research trend at home and abroad is to convert mechanical energy generated by vibration into usable electric energy by collecting energy of bridge environment vibration or structure self vibration and supply energy to embedded components. This power supply is affected by the collection device and is variable in efficiency. Depending on the principle of collection of the device, the collectors mainly include two types: piezoelectric energy collectors and electromagnetic energy collectors. Among them, piezoelectric energy collectors have high requirements for materials, high output impedance and low current, and most of the current reports relate to electromagnetic energy collectors. The electromagnetic energy collector has the advantages of simple structure and high output current. Electromagnetic vibration energy harvesters (EM-VEHs) operate according to the faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. When the magnetic flux density through the loop region changes, electromagnetic inductive energy is induced in the closed loop coil. Generally, the EM-VEHs comprises a permanent magnet, a coil, a spring system and the like, and due to vibration, relative motion exists between a magnetic pole and the coil in the EM-VEHs, and electromotive force is induced in the coil.
Patent 2018101722215 discloses an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester for urban rail transit bridge health monitoring, which has the advantages of high electrical energy storage efficiency, high output power and high power output density, but the electromagnetic vibration energy harvester is a linear system with a single resonant frequency, when the external excitation frequency deviates from the natural frequency of the device structure, the response of the system is obviously reduced, and the performance of the device is extremely unstable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for damping an SPA bridge by using an electromagnetic energy acquisition-damper, which has the functions of energy collection and structural damping and has stable performance.
In order to solve the technical problem, the following technical scheme is adopted in the application:
a method for damping an SPA bridge by using an electromagnetic energy collecting-damper comprises a shell, wherein four independent cavities are formed in the shell, a vibration assembly is arranged in each cavity, the natural frequency of the vibration assembly in each cavity is different, each vibration assembly comprises a mass block capable of moving up and down freely, a spring connected between the mass block and a bottom plate of the shell, at least one flat coil arranged on the outer side wall of the mass block and a bridge rectifier arranged at the top of the mass block and connected with the flat coil, and permanent magnets corresponding to the flat coils one by one are arranged on the inner side of each cavity;
the SPA bridge comprises a box girder and track slabs which are arranged on the box girder and are symmetrically arranged by taking the longitudinal section of a central shaft of the box girder as a symmetrical plane, and the SPA bridge comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting vibration frequency of a vehicle passing through an SPA bridge through a vibration tester, carrying out spectrum analysis on collected data, and taking frequencies corresponding to four wave crests with the amplitude values of the wave crests being four high in the front in the spectrum analysis as contribution frequencies of an excitation source;
step two: adjusting the rigidity of springs in the vibration assemblies to enable the natural frequencies of the four vibration assemblies to be equal to the four contribution frequencies respectively;
step three: the electromagnetic energy collecting-shock absorber is fixedly installed in the middle of the bridge span and close to the outer side of the track slab and is electrically connected with the health monitoring element on the bridge through the bridge rectifier, and the mass of the electromagnetic energy collecting-shock absorber/the mass of the beam body and the track slab is more than or equal to 1%.
Furthermore, a plurality of support rods are vertically arranged in each cavity, the upper ends of the support rods are connected with the top of the shell, the lower ends of the support rods are welded on the bottom plate of the shell, the mass block is arranged on the support rods in a sliding mode, and the spring sleeves are arranged at the lower ends of the support rods.
Furthermore, the permanent magnet adopts samarium cobalt permanent magnet with the remanence of 1.0-1.2T.
Furthermore, the shell is divided into four mutually independent cavities by two partition plates arranged in a criss-cross manner.
Furthermore, the number of the layers of the flat coil is 190-210 layers, and the number of turns of each layer is 90-100 turns.
Furthermore, the distance between the flat coil and the corresponding permanent magnet is 2.5-3.5 mm.
Further, the natural frequency of the vibration component is 3Hz-9 Hz.
Further, the natural frequencies of the four vibration components are respectively 3Hz-4.5Hz, 4.5Hz-6.5Hz, 6.5Hz-8Hz and 8Hz-9 Hz.
1. Compared with the existing single vibration mode, the vibration mode has the advantages of increased working frequency bandwidth, enhanced stability and more stable energy storage performance.
2. The shock absorber can form a vibration damping system of a primary-secondary structure with the bridge, has 10% -20% of shock absorption effect on the bridge structure, can remarkably change the vibration characteristic of the bridge structure, improves the running stability of vehicles, achieves the aim of shock absorption and noise reduction, and has the dual functions of energy collection and structural shock absorption.
3. The coil and the permanent magnet are arranged in a surrounding mode, the coil is attached to the side wall of the mass block, the permanent magnet is arranged on the side wall of the cavity, the magnetic flux passing through the coil and the change rate of the magnetic flux are larger, and the diameter, the number of turns and the number of layers of a coil wire can be designed to be smaller; furthermore, the energy harvesting efficiency does not drop or increase with a reduction in mass, magnet and coil size of the individual vibrating assemblies as compared to patent 2018101722215.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the present invention installed on a bridge;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the output power at four operating frequencies of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the damping effect of the present invention on the position of the track plate;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the damping effect of the present invention on the position of the beam.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a SPA bridge multi-frequency electromagnetic energy collecting-damping device for supplying power to health monitoring elements on SPA bridges comprises a shell 1, wherein the shell 1 is divided into four independent cavities 3 by two partition plates 2 arranged in a criss-cross manner, each cavity 3 is internally provided with a vibration component, the natural frequency of the vibration component in each cavity is different, the vibration components comprise mass blocks 4 capable of freely moving up and down, springs 5 connected between the mass blocks 4 and a bottom plate of the shell 1, at least one flat coil 6 arranged on the outer side wall of the mass block 4 and a bridge rectifier 7 arranged on the top of the mass block 4 and connected with the flat coil 6, permanent magnets 8 corresponding to the flat coils 6 one by one are arranged on the inner side of each cavity 3, an external plug 9 is arranged on the shell 1, and the bridge rectifier 7 is electrically connected with the external plug 9 through a telescopic disc lead 10, when the health monitoring device is used, the health monitoring element is electrically connected with the external plug 9 and is powered by the electromagnetic energy collection-shock absorber.
The working process of the embodiment is as follows: when receiving external vibration excitation, the mass block 4 drives the flat coil 6 to move up and down, the coil and the permanent magnet 8 generate relative motion and cut magnetic lines, and electromotive force is induced in the coil and is output to the health monitoring element after being rectified by the bridge rectifier 7. The electromagnetic energy collecting-shock absorber in the implementation is a multi-frequency or broadband micro-electromagnetic vibration energy collector, energy can be effectively collected from different vibration peak values, the working stability of the device can be effectively solved, 4 vibration assemblies correspond to 4 different vibration modes, each mode has a specific working frequency, the 4 frequencies can cope with the situation that the vibration of the external environment can be changed, if the external excitation frequency deviates from the natural frequency of one mode, the natural frequency is possibly close to the natural frequency of the other mode, compared with the existing single vibration mode, the working frequency bandwidth is increased, the stability is enhanced, and the energy storage performance is more stable. In addition, the coil and the permanent magnet are arranged in a surrounding mode, the coil is attached to the side wall of the mass block 4, the permanent magnet 8 is arranged on the side wall of the cavity 3, the magnetic flux passing through the coil and the change rate of the magnetic flux are larger, and the diameter, the number of turns and the number of layers of the coil conducting wire can be designed to be smaller.
A plurality of support rods 11 are vertically arranged in each cavity 3, the upper ends of the support rods 11 are connected with the top of the shell 1, the lower ends of the support rods 11 are welded on a bottom plate of the shell 1, the mass block 4 is arranged on the support rods 11 in a sliding mode, the springs 5 are sleeved at the lower ends of the support rods 11, and the mass block 4 is guided through the support rods 11.
Preferably, the permanent magnet 8 is a samarium cobalt permanent magnet with a remanence of 1.0-1.2T, which has stronger magnetism and coercive force and is not easy to demagnetize compared with an alnico magnet, and can bear 10g of vibration and 100g of impact without demagnetization.
A plurality of bolts 12 for fixing the electromagnetic energy collecting-shock absorber to the bridge structure are inserted through the bottom plate of the housing 1.
Specifically, a PC plastic plate is adopted as a shell 1 and a partition plate 2, the thickness of the shell 1 is 1cm, the thickness of the partition plate is 0.5cm, 2 samarium-cobalt permanent magnets are fixed on each inner side wall of the shell 1, each permanent magnet 8 is × long and × wide and 0.16m × 0.08.08 m × 0.05.05 m, the interior of the shell is divided into four regions by the partition plate 2, each region is provided with a mass block with the density of 11343.7kg/m3 lead, a spring 5 is arranged below the mass block, 4 metal support rods penetrating through the spring 5 and the mass block 4 and having the radius of 3cm are arranged, a single-phase bridge rectifier and a coiled conducting wire are arranged on the top side of the lead block so as to output stored electric energy, copper coils are fixed on the two outermost sides of the lead block, the radius r of the coils is 0.1mm, 200 layers are provided, each layer is 100 turns, the size of the innermost layer of the coils is 0.12m × 0.25.25 m, and the gap width d between the surfaces of the coils and the permanent.
Referring to fig. 3 to 6, a method for damping an SPA bridge, which includes a box girder 13 and track slabs 14 disposed on the box girder 13 and symmetrically arranged with a longitudinal section of a central axis of the box girder as a symmetry plane, using the above-mentioned electromagnetic energy harvesting-damping device, includes the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting vibration frequency of a vehicle passing through an SPA bridge through a vibration tester, carrying out spectrum analysis on collected data, and taking frequencies corresponding to four wave crests with the amplitude values of the wave crests being four high in the front in the spectrum analysis as contribution frequencies of an excitation source;
the determination of the frequency of the external excitation source needs to perform spectrum analysis on a vibration source, most urban rail transit bridges are viaducts which are tall and slender, most of the bridge bodies are equal-height concrete box girders, and the span is about 40m or so, for the bridges, the main factor causing the vibration of the bridges is the vibration of the bridge bodies caused by the passing of trains, and the vibration is low-frequency (1-40Hz) and low-acceleration (0.01-3.8g), so that the working characteristics of the electromagnetic vibration energy collector are well matched. When a train of type B metro vehicles pass through the bridge at a constant speed of 120km/h in a straight line running speed, the vibration of the bridge is caused, and the frequency spectrum analysis of the vibration source is shown in FIG. 3. When the bridge type is not changed greatly and the running speed of the train is constant, the frequency spectrum analysis basically has no change.
Analysis shows that the main contribution frequencies of the vibration of the excitation source are 3.76 Hz, 5.57 Hz, 6.45Hz and 8.69Hz, the range is between 3Hz and 9Hz, the energy storage efficiency is optimal when the main working frequency of the shock absorber is equal to the above frequency, and the stiffness of the spring, namely the stiffness of the spring is adjusted according to the relationship among the mass of the vibration in the device, the total stiffness of the spring assembly and the natural frequency of the energy collector
ki＝ωni 2·mi＝(2πfi)2mi(i＝1，2，3，4)
Where k is the spring rate, m is the mass of the vibration module, and f is the operating frequency of the module.
Step two: adjusting the rigidity of springs in the vibration assemblies to enable the natural frequencies of the four vibration assemblies to be equal to the four contribution frequencies respectively;
step three: the electromagnetic energy collecting-shock absorber is fixedly arranged in the middle of the bridge span and close to the outer side of the track plate 14 and is electrically connected with a health monitoring element (not shown in the figure) on the bridge through a bridge rectifier, and the mass of the electromagnetic energy collecting-shock absorber/the mass of the beam body and the track plate is more than or equal to 1 percent.
The comparative data of the electromagnetic energy harvesting-vibration absorber and the prior electromagnetic vibration energy harvester in the embodiment, which is used for collecting the frequency, the output power, the power density and the volume, are shown in the table 1. From table 1, it can be seen that this embodiment can guarantee that there is a vibration subassembly high efficiency work always, and the vibration subassembly accumulate ability of high efficiency work is more than the ability of most existing devices and is strong, when guaranteeing energy storage stability, has guaranteed energy storage efficiency again.
TABLE 1 comparison of energy storage Effect
Figure GDA0002510661120000051
Figure GDA0002510661120000061
[1]A hybrid energy harvesting topology for human-powered mobileelectronics[C],34th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics,Orlando,448–453.
[2]An energy harvesting system using the wind-induced vibration of astay cable for powering a wireless sensor node[J],Smart Material andStructures,20:1-9,2011.
[3]Self-powered sensors for monitoring of highway bridges[J],SensorsJournal,IEEE,9:1422-1429,2009.
[4]Harvesting traffic induced vibrations for structural healthmonitoring of bridges[J],Micromechanics and Microengineering,21:1-13,2011.
[5]Micro power generator for harvesting low-frequency and nonperiodicvibrations[J],Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems,vol.20,no.4,pp.852–866,2011.
[6]Energy harvesting from wind-induced vibration of suspensionbridges[M.S.thesis],Department of Civil and Environmental,MassachusettsInstitute of Technology,2013.
[7]Analysis of piezoelectric energy harvesting for bridge healthmonitoring systems[M.S.thesis],Computational Engineering Centre,School ofEngineering,University of Swansea,Wales,UK,2010.
[8]Energy harvesting on highway bridges,Final ReportFHWA-OK-11-01,2011.
[9]A dual-function electromagnetic damper for bridge stay cablevibration mitigation and energy harvesting,in Proceedings of the 13th EastAsia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction(EASEC’13),Sapporo,Japan,September 2013.
Table 2 shows the damping data of the bridge using the present embodiment, and it can be seen from table 2 that the shock absorber of this embodiment can form a vibration damping system of a sub-main structure with the bridge, and has about 10% -20% damping effect for the bridge structure, and the vibration characteristic of the bridge structure can be significantly changed, so that the vehicle running stability is improved, the purpose of damping and noise reduction is achieved, and the dual functions of energy collection and structural damping are provided.
TABLE 2 damping Effect analysis
Figure GDA0002510661120000071
The above examples are merely illustrative for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. Nor is it intended to be exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. The method for damping the SPA bridge by using the electromagnetic energy acquisition-damper is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the electromagnetic type energy collecting-shock absorber comprises a shell, wherein four mutually independent cavities are formed in the shell, a vibration assembly is arranged in each cavity, the natural frequency of the vibration assembly in each cavity is different, the vibration assembly comprises a mass block capable of moving up and down freely, a spring connected between the mass block and a bottom plate of the shell, at least one flat coil arranged on the outer side wall of the mass block and a bridge rectifier arranged at the top of the mass block and connected with the flat coil, and permanent magnets corresponding to the flat coils one to one are arranged on the inner side of each cavity;
the SPA bridge comprises a box girder and track slabs which are arranged on the box girder and are symmetrically arranged by taking the longitudinal section of a central shaft of the box girder as a symmetrical plane, and the SPA bridge comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting vibration frequency of a vehicle passing through an SPA bridge through a vibration tester, carrying out spectrum analysis on collected data, and taking frequencies corresponding to four wave crests with the amplitude values of the wave crests being four high in the front in the spectrum analysis as contribution frequencies of an excitation source;
step two: adjusting the rigidity of springs in the vibration assemblies to enable the natural frequencies of the four vibration assemblies to be equal to the four contribution frequencies respectively;
step three: the electromagnetic energy acquisition-shock absorber is fixedly arranged in the middle of the bridge span and close to the outer side of the track slab and is electrically connected with the health monitoring element on the bridge through the bridge rectifier, and the mass of the electromagnetic energy acquisition-shock absorber/the mass of the beam body and the track slab is more than or equal to 1 percent;
the natural frequencies of the four vibration components are respectively 3Hz-4.5Hz, 4.5Hz-6.5Hz, 6.5Hz-8Hz and 8Hz-9 Hz;
the number of layers of the flat coil is 190-210 layers, and the number of turns of each layer is 90-100 turns;
the distance between the flat coil and the corresponding permanent magnet is 2.5-3.5 mm;
a plurality of support rods are vertically arranged in each cavity, the upper ends of the support rods are connected with the top of the shell, the lower ends of the support rods are welded on a bottom plate of the shell, the mass block is arranged on the support rods in a sliding mode, and the spring sleeves the lower ends of the support rods.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the permanent magnet adopts samarium cobalt permanent magnet with the remanence of 1.0-1.2T.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the shell is divided into four mutually independent cavities by two clapboards which are arranged in a criss-cross mode.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: and a plurality of bolts for fixing the electromagnetic energy acquisition-shock absorber on a bridge structure are arranged on a bottom plate of the shell in a penetrating manner.
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