CN109405969A - A kind of airborne DOAS spectrometer imaging and control circuit - Google Patents
A kind of airborne DOAS spectrometer imaging and control circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN109405969A CN109405969A CN201811509234.3A CN201811509234A CN109405969A CN 109405969 A CN109405969 A CN 109405969A CN 201811509234 A CN201811509234 A CN 201811509234A CN 109405969 A CN109405969 A CN 109405969A
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- G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of airborne DOAS spectrometer imaging and control circuits, CCD driver' s timing can be transmitted in the imaging and control circuit, CCD is driven to generate analog video signal, and receive analog video signal, after caching, digital video signal is generated through AD correlated-double-sampling to read by row, serial data stream is formed according to information packages such as device number, field row synchronous code, imaging times, channel is passed via a number and is uploaded to airborne control platform, which meets airborne control platform downlink data interface standard.By airborne control platform number tube passage, control commands and the GPS informations, pulse per second (PPS) information such as image start and stop, time for exposure, gain can be sent to imaging and control circuit.The imaging time for every a line image information that airborne DOAS spectrometer and control circuit generate can be with the POS time accurate match of GPS device.Air pollution concentration can be distributed to accurately corresponding ground object target in image data refutation process, improve the accuracy that atmosphere pollution is distributed in observation area.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technologies of the driving of airborne DOAS spectrometer detectors and control, data acquisition and image real time transfer
Field, and in particular to a kind of airborne DOAS spectrometer imaging and control circuit.
Background technique
With the more sternness of atmosphere polluting problem, every country all increasingly payes attention to atmosphere polluting problem.China it is big
Gas pollution problem equally becomes more serious along with the high speed development of industry.During air contaminant treatment, atmosphere pollution
Object is how to generate, be distributed and transmit, and needs adequately to be analyzed and studied, this proposes the monitoring technology of atmosphere pollution
Higher requirement.It is therefore desirable to which a variety of advanced air monitoring equipment applications are in air monitoring field.
The fast development of DOAS technology since with the last century 70's, this technology are widely applied to air pollution
Monitoring field.DOAS equipment selects sunlight can be simultaneously to a variety of big as light source without sampling to atmosphere to be measured
Gas pollutant carries out on-line analysis, this enables DOAS equipment to be widely used in open regional air pollution monitoring.DOAS
Spectrometer can be by obtaining a variety of absorption lines in EO-1 hyperion, while monitoring a variety of different air pollutants.Due to a variety of
Atmosphere pollution, such as NO2, SO2, O3 and CO, absorption line principally falls into ultraviolet band, so that ultraviolet DOAS spectrometer is extensive
Be applied to air monitoring field.
DOAS spectrometer can be applied in a variety of different platforms.Wherein, Ground-based remote sensing platform is mainly used for monitoring ground area
Air pollutants within the scope of domain.Air remote sensing platform, such as space remote sensing platform can be used for carrying out Global Regional integrating, are macro
It sees, quick remote sensing.And space remote sensing platform, such as aerial remote sensing platform, it can not be limited by landform, to obtain prison
Survey the high-resolution spectroscopy remotely-sensed data in region overhead.
Airborne DOAS spectrometer is mainly used in air monitoring, using CCD47-20 detector, using airborne control
Platform interface is communicated, and plans to be on active service in 2017.Based on airborne imaging spectrum instrument development project, airborne DOAS spectrometer
Spectrum electronic system, most important component part is exactly airborne DOAS spectrometer imaging and control circuit in electronic system.
The circuit is mainly used for sending CCD driver' s timing, and acquires CCD analog picture signal, is sent to the big rule of airborne control platform
Mould storage array, the communication command sent by receiving airborne control platform interface can control time for exposure, the letter of spectrometer
Number gain and operating mode etc..Airborne DOAS spectrometer image data transmission uses LVDS interface, and communication command uses RS-
485 interfaces, total interface agreement are all made of standard aviation remote sensing equipment interface protocol.Airborne DOAS spectrometer imaging and control electricity
Road acquires image data as main control chip, and using dedicated A/D chip using FPGA, realizes the communication of RS-485 number pipe using MCU
Function.The airborne DOAS spectrometer imaging of design and control circuit solve previous ultraviolet imagery spectrum using finished product camera or
The problem of can not being directly connected to airborne control platform interface when industrial camera, and using standard aviation device interface protocol.
It is existing with the most like implementation of the present invention: current airborne DOAS spectrometer generally use finished product camera or
Industrial camera connection spectrometer works, and imaging and control circuit generally use USB or Cameralink interface, connecting pen
Remember that this computer carries out data transmission and controls.The location information that data are generated in flight course is obtained using external GPS system.
The method of prior art: finished product camera or its imaging of industrial camera and control circuit usually drive mould by detector
Block, data acquisition module, power supply module, USB communication module composition.
Driver' s timing required for detector is produced as detector drive module first, and by power supply module to detector and
Circuit provides relevant voltage.Detector can generate analog picture signal after receiving driver' s timing driving, then by data acquisition module
Data image signal is generated after analog picture signal is acquired, and laptop is sent to by USB, laptop simultaneously can
To send control command to its imaging and control circuit by USB interface, to control the operating mode of detector, time for exposure
Deng.The digital image data that detector generates will be stored in laptop.It will be combined when post-digital image data inverting
The temporal information of GPS and inertial navigation system record, the corresponding geographical position of the temporal information that the result of inverting is corresponded into GPS record
It sets.
The major defect of currently existing scheme is cannot to dock using air standard and with airborne control platform interface that (physics connects
Mouth, data-interface).So leading to problem:
1. most industrial cameras or finished product camera physical interface generally use USB or Cameralink interface, this is connect
Mouth does not meet air standard, is unstable, and can not connect airborne control platform.
2. the overwhelming majority is usual using the industrial camera or finished product camera physical interface of USB or Cameralink physical interface
Data interface protocol generallys use civilian such as USB interface agreement, is the data-interface association that can not match airborne control platform
View causes airborne control platform that can not be used uniformly identical data interface protocol and receives and stores all different spectrometer equipments
Simultaneously or timesharing send spectroscopic data, can not also unify to different spectrometer equipments simultaneously or timesharing send control command.
3. since airborne DOAS spectrometer is carried out using the process of aircraft flight forward to ground by aircraft platform
It pushes away and sweeps, the ccd detector of airborne DOAS spectrometer is space dimension along rail direction, and vertical track direction is spectrum dimension, pushes away the side of sweeping
Formula is as shown in Figure 1.The data analysis tieed up by multiple spectrum to each space dimension, to obtain the atmosphere of relatively object location
Concentration distribution of pollutants.So it needs to be determined that accurately object location when the every data line of ccd detector produces.Existing scheme is usual
By matching the GPS information flown together with equipment.Since GPS information can not be exactly matched with finished product camera or industrial camera,
And matching precision is not high, cause data analysis result can not accurate accordingly object location, to influence to observation area atmosphere
The analysis of concentration distribution of pollutants.
4. data protocol can not be modified due to the scheme of finished product camera or industrial camera, lead to not each
The some specific information needed when increasing later data inverting in row ccd detector data, such as: when field number, line number, exposure
Between, device number, gain, biasing, local zone time etc. relevant information, bring biggish difficulty to data inversion.
The concrete concept for being directed to technology is as follows:
1)DOAS
Difference absorption spectrum technology (DOAS:Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) is
A kind of spectrum monitoring technology, basic principle be exactly identified using the narrow-band absorption characteristic of the gas molecule in air gas at
Divide, and deduces out the concentration of minimum gas according to narrow-band absorption intensity.
2)LVDS
LVDS, (Low Voltage Differential Signaling) low-voltage differential signal, using extremely low electricity
Press amplitude of oscillation high speed differential transmit data, point-to-point or point to multi--point connection may be implemented, have low-power consumption, low error rate,
The features such as low crosstalk and Low emissivity.
3)USB
USB, (Universal Serial Bus) universal serial bus, is an external bus standard, for specification electricity
Brain and external equipment are connected and communicate with.
4)Cameralink
Camera link is technically developed from Channel link, in Channel link technical foundation
Some transmission of control signals are increased, and define some associated transport standards.Any production with " Camera link " mark
Product connect in which can be convenient.Camera link standard is customized by U.S. automatic industrial association AIA, modification, is issued, Camera
Link interface solves the problems, such as high-speed transfer.
5)RS-485
RS485 is the standard of the electrical characteristic of the driver and receiver in a definition balance digital multi-drop system, should
Standard is defined by Telecommunications Industries Association and electronic industries alliance.It can be under the conditions of remote using the digital communications network of the standard
And effectively transmitted signal under the big environment of electronic noise.RS-485 makes cheap local network and multiple branch circuit communication link
It is configured as possibility.
Summary of the invention
The present invention can not be directly connected to machine when solving previous airborne DOAS spectrum using finished product camera or industrial camera
The problem of carrying control platform interface, and using standard aviation device interface protocol, and accurate imaging moment can not be obtained
Problem.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows: a kind of airborne DOAS spectrometer imaging and control circuit, the imaging and control
CCD driver' s timing can be transmitted in circuit processed, and driving CCD generates analog video signal, receives analog signal, and it is related to carry out AD after caching
Double sampled generation digital video signal is read by row, forms serial data stream, warp according to device number, field row synchronous code information package
Channel is passed by a number and is uploaded to airborne control platform, which meets airborne control platform downlink data interface standard, leads to
Airborne control platform number tube passage is crossed, image start and stop, time for exposure, gain control command can be sent to imaging and control circuit,
And GPS information, pulse per second (PPS) information.
Wherein, when imaging moment is used to record the imaging of imaging moment and every data line when each frame figure exports
It carves, the generation of imaging moment is that the GPS device of airborne control platform is received by the imaging of airborne DOAS spectrometer and control circuit
The POS time of transmission and pulse per second (PPS) generate, wherein POS temporal information is by the number pipe communication system of airborne control platform to machine
The CPU for carrying the imaging of DOAS spectrometer and control circuit is transmitted to the local clock encoder inside FPGA, and pulse per second (PPS) is then direct
The local clock encoder being sent to inside FPGA is wrapped when GPS device sends the time containing POS temporal information, and is received
After pulse per second (PPS) failing edge, when the second information update of POS temporal information is caching by the imaging of airborne DOAS spectrometer and control circuit
Between+1, and reset hundred microsecond information, the imaging data in 1 second later is all made of the POS temporal information, then believes the POS time
Airborne DOAS spectrometer imaging and control circuit local clock information, local clock are converted into after the second in GPS weeks in breath and week
Information is made of second information and hundred microsecond information two parts, and second information requirements are accurate to 1s, and hundred microsecond information requirements are accurate to 100
μ s, second information forward the POS temporal information of GPS device is synchronous with pulse per second (PPS) synchronization signal to generate by airborne control platform.It is local
Clock information be used for recording image data imaging moment, i.e., current year, month, day, hour, min, second, airborne DOAS spectrometer at
As and control circuit inside local clock encoder hundred microseconds are generated by the second in week, when GPS device is to airborne DOAS spectrum
Instrument imaging and control circuit were sent GPS weeks and in week while the second, and it is airborne for calibrating also to send pulse per second (PPS) synchronization signal
DOAS spectrometer imaging and control circuit generate imaging moment, pulse per second (PPS) synchronization signal by airborne control platform POS module
It generates, failing edge is the second to convert moment, pulse width 1ms, it is also necessary to disappear to second pulse signal and tremble processing, to prevent
Bursty interference that may be present in bus.
Wherein, pass through the geography information of the local clock information and corresponding GPS positioning synchronous with GPS time, Ke Yiding
The each frame in position, the corresponding geographical location of every a line image data, finally by inverted image data spectral information and the time
The environmental situation in the overhead in the available corresponding geographical location of information.
The advantages of the present invention over the prior art are that:
1. using air standard interface to solve most industrial cameras or finished product camera physical interface is usually adopted
The problem of airborne control platform can not be connected with the civilian interface such as USB or Cameralink interface, improve the stability of interface.
2. using using aviation interface standard agreement such as LVDS and RS-485 agreement solve civilian interface protocol can not
Data interface protocol with airborne control platform allows airborne control platform to be used uniformly identical data interface protocol and connects
It receives and stores all different spectrometer equipments simultaneously or the spectroscopic data that sends of timesharing, can also unify to set to different spectrometers
Standby while or timesharing transmission control command.
3. the correct time for every a line image information that airborne DOAS spectrometer and control circuit generate can be with GPS device
POS time accurate match.Air pollution concentration can be distributed to accurately corresponding atural object mesh in image data refutation process
Mark, to improve the accuracy that atmosphere pollution is distributed in observation area.It is inaccurate between when the image is made, lead to data inversion process
The middle additional adjustment of needs, reduces data inversion difficulty, reduces the data inversion time.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the imaging mode schematic diagram of airborne imaging spectrum instrument；
Fig. 2 is the imaging of airborne DOAS spectrometer and control circuit block diagram；
Fig. 3 is the imaging of airborne DOAS spectrometer and control circuit CCD driving circuit communication module basic structure；
Fig. 4 is the imaging of airborne DOAS spectrometer and control circuit and GPS device connection schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is CCD driving circuit entire block diagram；
Fig. 6 is airborne ultraviolet imagery spectrometer scheme of installation；
Fig. 7 is PAV80 steady rest material object schematic diagram, wherein 1 is PAV80 bottom plate, and 2 be to install fixed hole position area cover board, 3
For handle, 4 be yaw zero-bit mark, and 5 be yaw scale, and 6 be sensor universal machine mounting hole, and 7 be housing attachment screws, 8
Heading Warning Mark when installing for standard, 9 be protection shell, and 10 be model label, and 11 be interface panel, and 12 be to install
Fixation hole；
Fig. 8 is flight range schematic diagram；
Fig. 9 is the itinerant map of the December in 2016 of air-borne test on the 30th；
Figure 10 is spectrum simulation effect and Error Graph；
Figure 11 is NO2 column concentration along rail sequence chart；
Figure 12 is NO2 column concentration space distribution map.
Specific embodiment
Currently, domestic existing airborne DOAS imaging spectrometer equipment mostly uses greatly the finished product CCD camera or industry of import
Camera, and can not smoothly be docked with aircraft platform using external finished product CCD camera or industrial camera, because the camera uses more
USB interface or CameraLink interface, and aircraft platform needs RS485 interface and LVDS interface.The spectrometer monitors in region
Trace gas (the O that weather and ecological environment are had a major impact3、NO2, HCHO, BrO, OCLO and SO2) distribution and variation, it is fixed
Amount obtain region overhead air quality variation and polluted gas and aerosol distribution transport process, monitoring industrial discharge and
Influence of the biology burning to Atmospheric composition ingredient, and finally serve and establish regional atmospheric component monitoring and early warning technology system.
The imaging mode of airborne imaging spectrum instrument is as shown in Figure 1, the slit of spectrometer projects into one by telescope over the ground
A strip target, projecting direction corresponds to the space dimension of detector, and when aircraft flight, slit push away sweeping to ground,
The spectral information of projection target is obtained, the spectrum picture comprising spectral information and geography information is formed.Wherein, spectrum dimension is CCD
Along line direction, space dimension is CCD along column direction.
When the flight of aircraft, due to the difference of cruising altitude, need to adjust the different time for exposure.Time for exposure is corresponding
Landing ground resolution ratio, so needing to be obtained by sacrificing ground resolution bigger according to different illumination and different accuracy requirement
Light exposure.Therefore 4 grades of time for exposure, respectively 0.5s, 1S, 2S, 4S are provided.
Airborne control platform is imaged by RS-485 bus to airborne DOAS spectrometer and the front end of control circuit sends and refers to
It enables, such as time for exposure and gain parameter, and provides GPS time information for positioning ground target.Number is imaged in ultraviolet spectrometer
According to being imaged by airborne DOAS and the LVDS interface of control circuit connects airborne control platform, airborne control is transferred to by LVDS
The memory of platform.Table 1 lists the technical requirements of airborne DOAS spectrometer imaging and control circuit design.
The imaging of the airborne DOAS spectrometer of table 1 and control circuit main technical requirements
According to technical requirements shown in table 1, the present invention completes driver' s timing function, communication function using FPGA, and modulus turns
It is as shown in Figure 2 functions, the structure such as to change.
Airborne DOAS spectrometer imaging and control circuit module are mainly by FPGA controller, AD circuit, number pipe/number in Fig. 2
Pass communicating circuit and other peripheral circuits.
Operating voltage needed for airborne DOAS spectrometer imaging and control circuit power supply unit are used to provide CCD-47-20,
CCD Driving schedule generator generator generates driver' s timing and is sent to CCD by clock driver chip.It, will after CCD drives work
Analog picture signal returns to airborne DOAS spectrometer imaging and control circuit.Pass through by pretreated analog picture signal
The A/D acquisition circuit module for being integrated with correlated-double-sampling (CDS) and digital-to-analogue conversion generates data image signal.Data image signal
Again by FPGA dual port RAM ping-pong buffer after, into data encoder.Time for exposure, frame are integrated after generating a line ccd data
Number, difference sent according to LVDS agreement for parallel data by communications adapter module after the information such as line number, imaging moment connect
Chip is received, interface is passed finally by LVDS number and is sent in airborne control platform memory.Wherein when imaging in row data packet
Carving information is to send GPS time information and pulse per second (PPS) by the GPS system in airborne control platform to pass through airborne DOAS spectrometer
The CPU of imaging and control circuit is sent in local clock encoder and generates by coding.Airborne control platform can be to airborne
The number pipe communication interface of the imaging of DOAS spectrometer and control circuit sends control command, such as gain, time for exposure, image start and stop
Control the driver' s timing of airborne DOAS spectrometer imaging and control circuit.Control command is sent after carrying out serioparallel exchange by CPU
Airborne DOAS spectrometer is imaged to command reception and cache unit and control circuit CCD Driving schedule generator generator carries out
Control.
Wherein FPGA controller assumes responsibility for the time series stereodata function of entire airborne DOAS spectrometer imaging and control circuit
Energy and communication function.As shown in Figure 5, comprising: CCD Driving schedule generator, data capture logic, the communication of number pipe, LVDS number pass
Communication etc..Wherein:
One, CCD Driving schedule generator
CCD-47-20 is frame transfer area array CCD, is mainly made of exposure area, storage region and horizontal reading circuit.Root
According to CCD-47-20 structure & working mechanism, the course of work are as follows: first under the driving of frame transfer clock I Φ, exposure region is each
Photogenerated charge in the photosensitive pixel of row will be vertically transferred in adjacent next line pixel.So circulation, one frame image of exposure region
Just it is transferred to memory block line by line.At the same time, the photogenerated charge of the every a line in memory block is expert under the driving of transfering clock S Φ line by line
Vertically it is transferred to horizontal read-out area.Finally, being transferred to drive of every row photogenerated charge in horizontal readout clock R Φ of horizontal read-out area
Under dynamic, horizontal transfer to floating diffusion amplifier is converted to electric signal i.e. analog picture signal.
The functions such as driver' s timing, data sampling time sequence and the communication of CCD are completed by FPGA, and FPGA uses Xilinx company
The XC3S400 chip of the Spartan3 series of production.36MHz clock is provided using external crystal-controlled oscillation, frequency dividing is inside 36MHz clock
36MHz, 18MHz, 9MHz and 4.5MHz respectively correspond the time for exposure of 0.5S, 1S, 2S, 4S to meet different exposure demands.
36MHZ clock is supplied to time sequence driving circuit after according to different time for exposure frequency dividings, and time sequence driving circuit is according to CCD's
Driver' s timing produces 10 tunnel driving signals, and each pixel, which is read, occupies 16 timeticks.Driving signal mainly by frame transfer when
Clock I Φ 1, I Φ 2, I Φ 3；Row transfering clock S Φ 1, S Φ 2, S Φ 3；Horizontal readout clock R Φ 1, R Φ 2, R Φ 3；And it resets
Clock Φ RR composition.
According to the driver' s timing relationship of CCD-47-20, driver' s timing is broadly divided into two stages.
(1) the frame transfer stage
The frame transfer stage at frame transfer clock I Φ and row transfering clock S Φ collective effect, by the electric charge transfer of exposure region
To memory block.It is shifted line by line by 1024 times, the charge of entire exposure region is moved to memory block, and exposure region is emptied.
(2) stage is read
The pixel of memory block is transferred to output amplifier by the reading stage point by point.By row transfering clock S Φ, by memory block
Charge is to (1024 yuan) carrying a line charges (1024 yuan of every row) of horizontal readout register.Then pass through horizontal transfer clock R Φ
The charge of 1024 pixels in horizontal readout register is transported to output register point by point.Point-by-point read carries one again later
Row pixel so repeats 1024 times to horizontal readout register, and 1,000,000 pixels of memory block are all read (1024 yuan of X1024
Row).
Memory block read while, exposure region generates new photogenerated charge, then time for exposure, that is, frame transfer stage and
The temporal summation in reading stage.Since the frame transfer time is usually very short, it is believed that when reading time in stage and determining exposure
Between.
Two, data capture logic
Ccd signal Acquisition Circuit is played a crucial role in the signal-to-noise ratio for improving imaging system.CCD is through letter of overdriving
Number driving, generate analog picture signal, after amplification, blocking, filtering enter correlated-double-sampling (CDS) and A/D analog-to-digital conversion
CCD analog to digital conversion circuit generate data image signal.The pixel position of analog picture signal without photogenerated charge when export
Voltage, i.e. reference level；The output voltage of its photogenerated charge signal location, i.e. output level, the level indicate pixel position
Photogenerated charge amount.The difference of level is the exposure intensity of the pixel at two.It follows that correlated-double-sampling is exactly to turn in A/D
The reference level and output level of each pixel are successively acquired when changing, and A/D conversion then is carried out to its difference, is so just somebody's turn to do
The exposure intensity of pixel.
The AD9826 that correlated-double-sampling (CDS) and A/D conversion integrated chip are produced using ADI company.The chip is
The processor of a special disposal CCD analog picture signal by an input clamper, correlated-double-sampling retainer CDS, may be programmed
The part such as gain amplifier (PGA) and 16 A/D converters forms.FPGA gives according to CCD Driving schedule generator
AD9826 provides the preceding sampled signal and post-sampling signal of AD clock, correlated-double-sampling.Wherein the difference of forward and backward sampled signal is
For picture signal.In order to export 16 data, 8 output pins of AD9826 need time-sharing multiplex, i.e., an AD clock week
The first half cycle of phase and later half period export most-significant byte and least-significant byte data respectively.Output data is spliced into again after being transferred to FPGA
The image data of 16 data.
Three, number pipe communication
Airborne control platform can be imaged ccd signal to airborne DOAS spectrometer when acquiring and control circuit is sent including exposure
The control commands such as time, gain and biasing.The order is to send control life to the single-chip microcontroller of CCD imaging plate by RS-485 bus
It enables, then single-chip microcontroller Parallel transmutation is to FPGA.After order is sent to FPGA between upon exposure, FPGA can change CCD according to order
Driving schedule generator.And gain and biasing are then sent to the SPI interface of AD9826 by the SPI controller inside FPGA.Wherein
Gain be in order to enable ccd signal in small signal can and the dynamic model of AD match, generally according to actual light luminance come
Adjustment.Biasing is that the analog picture signal for generating CCD raises a level, to prevent minimum signal in D/A switch
It is distorted in the process.
Four, LVDS number passes communication
Imaging circuit constitutes ping-pong buffer using the ram buffer that 2 sizes are 2KB, and 16 image datas can sequence
Ping-pong buffer is inserted, will continue to insert another buffer area after a buffer area is filled, and airborne control platform finds one
A buffer area illustrates that a frame image data is read after being filled, lead to after being at this time packaged together image data and image information
LVDS universal serial bus is crossed to send and be stored into airborne mass storage.One frame image data packet includes image data and image
Information, wherein image information includes frame head, synchronous head, packet length, Packet type, device identification, frame number, line number, imaging moment, week
The information such as interior second, the hundred delicate, times of integration and gain.
The present invention solves the problems, such as that finished product camera can not connect airborne platform, and previous airborne DOAS spectrometer is usually adopted
With finished product CCD ultraviolet-cameras, the data-interface of this CCD camera generallys use Cameralink or USB interface, when as certain
When project equipment research and development, ultraviolet imagery spectrometer must use aviation interface as airborne equipment.For this purpose, autonomous Design is airborne
The imaging of DOAS spectrometer and control circuit, number pass interface and use LVDS interface, and Dataman interface uses RS-485 interface, and uses phase
Standard LVDS and RS-485 the air communications agreement answered is imaged for realizing airborne DOAS spectrometer and control circuit number passes communication
Sum number pipe communication function solves the problems, such as that finished product CCD ultraviolet-cameras can not be directly connected to airborne platform.Airborne DOAS spectrometer
Imaging and control circuit CCD driving circuit communication module basic structure are as shown in Figure 3.
Every data line that the present invention solves the problems, such as that CCD is generated can not accurately correspond to ground object target, due to airborne
DOAS spectrometer is the Pollution Gas distribution situation in order to obtain scanning area, due to finished product camera can not connect GPS and
Inertial navigation system can not directly acquire GPS information, and the information for causing airborne DOAS spectrometer to obtain can not accurately correspond to atural object mesh
Mark, so by receiving GPS time information and pulse per second (PPS), the imaging moment of the CCD every data line generated is recorded by the design
In the packet header of every data line, it is used for later data inverting, inversion result can accurately be corresponded into ground object target.Specifically such as
Under:
Imaging moment is used to record the imaging moment of imaging moment and every data line when each frame figure exports.Imaging
The generation at moment is that the GPS device for receiving airborne control platform by the imaging of airborne DOAS spectrometer and control circuit is sent
POS time and pulse per second (PPS) generate.Wherein, POS temporal information thinks airborne DOAS by the number pipe communication system of airborne control platform
The CPU of spectrometer imaging and control circuit is transmitted to the local clock encoder inside FPGA, and pulse per second (PPS) is then transmitted directly to
Local clock encoder inside FPGA.As shown in Figure 4.It wraps, and connects when GPS device sends the time containing POS temporal information
After receiving pulse per second (PPS) failing edge, the second information update of POS temporal information is slow by the imaging of airborne DOAS spectrometer and control circuit
Deposit the time+1, and reset hundred microsecond information, the imaging data in 1 second later is all made of the POS temporal information, then by POS when
Between be converted into airborne DOAS spectrometer imaging and control circuit local clock information after the second in GPS weeks in information and week.It is local
Clock information is made of second information and hundred microsecond information two parts.Second information requirements are accurate to 1s, and hundred microsecond information requirements are accurate
To 100 μ s.Second information forwards the POS temporal information of GPS device is synchronous with pulse per second (PPS) synchronization signal to generate by airborne control platform.
Local clock information is used for the imaging moment of recording image data, i.e., current year, month, day, hour, min, second, airborne DOAS spectrum
Local clock encoder inside instrument imaging and control circuit generates hundred microseconds by the second in week.In addition, when GPS device is to airborne
The imaging of DOAS spectrometer and control circuit were sent GPS weeks and in week while the second, can also send pulse per second (PPS) synchronization signal for school
The imaging moment that quasi- airborne DOAS spectrometer imaging and control circuit generate.Pulse per second (PPS) synchronization signal is by airborne control platform
POS module generates, and failing edge is the second to convert moment, pulse width 1ms.It additionally needs that second pulse signal disappear trembling
Processing, to prevent bursty interference that may be present in bus.
By the geography information of the local clock information and corresponding GPS positioning synchronous with GPS time, can position each
Frame, the corresponding geographical location of every a line image data.Finally by inverted image data spectral information and temporal information can
To obtain the environmental situation in the overhead in corresponding geographical location.
For the reliability of validation instrument system, airborne ultraviolet imagery spectrometer is carried out in Jiangsu Province, Zhenjiang areas, Changzhou
Flight test.Unlike ground imaging test, airborne imaging uses push-broom pattern, i.e., by the way that spectrometer to be fixedly mounted
On fuselage, the quick scanning to ground extensive area is realized by the flight forward of aircraft, realizes two-dimensional imaging.Wherein fly
The heading (along rail direction) of machine is x-axis, and the space dimension (wearing rail direction) of spectrometer is y-axis.
When using push-scanning image in air-borne test, it is also necessary to consider the registration problems of ground pixel, this is analysis contamination gas
The precondition of body Two dimensional Distribution.The longitude and latitude of aircraft when the test obtained by the POS system on aircraft, speed, flies at height
The information such as row posture can solve the registration accuracy problem of ground pixel in conjunction with the observation field angle of spectrometer.Ground pixel edge
The size in rail direction is determined by the flying speed and the time of integration of aircraft, wears the size in rail direction by the flight of aircraft
Height and pixel merge number and determine.
For Changzhou flight test using 12 type aircrafts of fortune as aircraft platform, pilot fight height is about 3000m and 1500m,
Flying speed is about 220km/h.
Airborne imaging test in Changzhou is mainly put down by aircraft platform, airborne ultraviolet imagery spectrometer, POS system, airborne master control
Platform composition.Installation situation is as shown in fig. 6, optical machine main body is mounted on steady rest by 8 soket head cap screws.Airborne ultraviolet imagery
Spectrometer, which is loaded in, to be come on card gyrocontrol frame PAV80, is mounted in the middle part of cabin by steady rest.PAV80 steady rest can be
Three directions provide angle compensation, can remain vertical for airborne ultraviolet imagery spectrometer and obtain image, can fly
Fully automatic operation during machine, as shown in Figure 7.
PAV80 steady rest is mounted on the floor in the middle part of cabin, as can be seen from Figure 6 airborne ultraviolet imagery spectrometer installation
In PAV80 steady rest lower part, steady rest is mounted on aircraft bottom plate.
The time of the air-borne test of Changzhou Zhenjiang areas is on December 30th, 2016, and airborne spectrometer is mounted on 12 aircrafts of fortune
On.It surveys area and is located at industry east, fly along the Yangtze river basin, survey the wide 15km of area's East and West direction, north-south is about 10km,
Area is about 150km2Flight range is as shown in Figure 8.
Aircraft and local time 11:45 start after the fleeing cattle in stampede field takeoff of Changzhou, and with 13:35 to Zhenjiang new area and its attached
Close Yangtze River waterway is pushed away repeatedly sweeps, and the course angle for pushing away aircraft when sweeping repeatedly is divided into 90 ° and 270 °, i.e. east-west direction.Aircraft
It pushing away adjacent swath when sweeping and is spaced about 1470m, the width of every swath is about 2170m, so will appear biggish overlapping region,
The ratio that overlapping region accounts for entire swath is 65%.Height when aircraft flight is about 2980m, flying speed be about 60m/s and
80m/s when merging using space dimension 20, can calculate the spatial resolution of corresponding ground pixel when the time of integration is 1s
About 80m*43m.The complete course line of air-borne test is illustrated in fig. 9 shown below.The weather on the test same day is fine day, but is had than more serious
Haze.
What this test reference spectrum selected is the averaged spectrum in the farmland area in Zhenjiang new area south as reference spectrum.NO2
Wavelength ranges selection is 425-460nm, and NO2, O3, O4 gas and Ring puppet absorbing structure participate in inverting.Using 5 rank multinomials
Fitting, biasing are set as constant.In view of CCD space dimension is not gone together, to slightly have difference and observation angle different for spectral characteristic, will
The spectrum that space dimension is not gone together carries out inverting respectively.In the case where spectrum 20 merges, the average error of DOAS inverting is
2.95E15molec/cm2.Figure 10 is the error of spectrum simulation effect and fitting wherein, and fitting wave band is 420-
465nm。
The whole result along rail sequence sum of inverting distinguishes following Figure 11.Figure 12 show the space projection knot by pixel
Fruit, spatial resolution are 60 meters of (along heading) × 67 meter (vertical flight direction).
In Figure 11, in time and discontinuous along rail sequence, concentration overall variation is from low to high.In corresponding diagram 12, from
Upward concentration is whole by the low variation tendency got higher down.By NO2The two-dimensional space resolution ratio of column concentration can observe apparent
Area differentiation.Lower right field is essentially the farmland region of Zhenjiang new area, and domain polluted gas concentration is minimum.Packet above observation area
Chemical industrial park containing part, Yangtze River waterway, urban district show apparent NO2Polluted gas high level.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of airborne DOAS spectrometer imaging and control circuit, drive it is characterized in that: CCD can be transmitted in the imaging and control circuit
Dynamic timing, driving CCD generate analog video signal, receive analog signal, and AD correlated-double-sampling is carried out after caching and generates number view
Frequency signal is read by row, is formed serial data stream according to device number, field row synchronous code information package, is passed on channel via a number
It is transmitted to airborne control platform, which meets airborne control platform downlink data interface standard, passes through airborne control platform number
Tube passage can send image start and stop, time for exposure, gain control command and GPS information, second arteries and veins to imaging and control circuit
Rush information.
2. a kind of airborne DOAS spectrometer imaging according to claim 1 and control circuit, it is characterized in that: imaging moment is used
The imaging moment of imaging moment and every data line when recording the output of each frame figure, the generation of imaging moment is to pass through machine
It carries the imaging of DOAS spectrometer and control circuit receives the POS time and pulse per second (PPS) generation that the GPS device of airborne control platform is sent,
Wherein, POS temporal information is imaged by the number pipe communication system of airborne control platform to airborne DOAS spectrometer and control circuit
CPU be transmitted to the local clock encoder inside FPGA, and pulse per second (PPS) is then transmitted directly to the volume of the local clock inside FPGA
Code device, when GPS device sends the time packet containing POS temporal information, and after receiving pulse per second (PPS) failing edge, airborne DOAS spectrum
The second information update of POS temporal information is cache-time+1 by instrument imaging and control circuit, and resets hundred microsecond information, later 1
Imaging data in second is all made of the POS temporal information, is then converted by GPS weeks in POS temporal information and in week after the second
Airborne DOAS spectrometer imaging and control circuit local clock information, local clock information is by second information and hundred microsecond information two
It is grouped as, second information requirements are accurate to 1s, and hundred microsecond information requirements are accurate to 100 μ s, and second information is forwarded by airborne control platform
The POS temporal information of GPS device is synchronous with pulse per second (PPS) synchronization signal to be generated；Local clock information for recording image data at
As the moment, i.e., current year, month, day, hour, min, second, the local clock inside airborne DOAS spectrometer imaging and control circuit are compiled
Code device generates hundred microseconds by the second in week, when GPS device be imaged and control circuit is sent GPS weeks and all to airborne DOAS spectrometer
While the interior second, can also send pulse per second (PPS) synchronization signal for calibrate the imaging of airborne DOAS spectrometer and control circuit generates at
As the moment, pulse per second (PPS) synchronization signal is generated by the POS module of airborne control platform, and failing edge is the second to convert the moment, and pulse is wide
Degree is 1ms, it is also necessary to disappear to second pulse signal and tremble processing, to prevent bursty interference that may be present in bus.
3. a kind of airborne DOAS spectrometer imaging according to claim 2 and control circuit, it is characterized in that: by with GPS
The geography information of the local clock information of time synchronization and corresponding GPS positioning can position each frame, every a line image data
Corresponding geographical location, finally by inverted image data spectral information and the available corresponding geographical location of temporal information
Overhead environmental situation.
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