CN109403301B - Method for measuring water and soil conservation function loss - Google Patents

Method for measuring water and soil conservation function loss Download PDF

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CN109403301B
CN109403301B CN201811107065.0A CN201811107065A CN109403301B CN 109403301 B CN109403301 B CN 109403301B CN 201811107065 A CN201811107065 A CN 201811107065A CN 109403301 B CN109403301 B CN 109403301B
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land
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CN109403301A (en
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张翔宇
卓素娟
王强
杨晖
林冠玉
罗洪彬
白芝兵
陈宇
黄碧柔
张新和
孙长江
曾熠
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Guangdong communication Planning and Design Institute Group Co Ltd
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
    • E02D1/02—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work
    • E02D1/027—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work by investigating properties relating to fluids in the soil, e.g. pore-water pressure, permeability
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
    • E02D1/08—Investigation of foundation soil in situ after finishing the foundation structure

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for measuring water and soil conservation function loss, which measures construction land before and after construction of an engineering project and inquires technical specifications followed by construction of the engineering project to obtain the area S of the ith original underlying surface typeiAnd area S 'of the kth type of under-laid face'kAnd their respective corresponding rainfall runoff coefficients psiiAnd rain runoff coefficient psi'kAnd quantitatively measuring the water storage and retention function loss degree of the engineering project construction to the construction land by calculating a water storage and retention function loss rate P, an original water loss ratio B and a constructed water loss ratio B' which can be used as indexes of water and soil retention function loss, and judging: after the construction of the engineering project is built, whether the water storage and retention function of the construction land is recovered or not is judged, a water and soil conservation function control index is provided for the water and soil loss prevention and control of the production and construction project, and a quantitative basis is provided for the lawful payment of water and soil conservation compensation fees.

Description

Method for measuring water and soil conservation function loss
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for measuring water and soil conservation function loss.
Background
The water and soil conservation method definitely proposes production construction projects or production construction activities, disturbs the earth surface, damages water and soil conservation facilities and landform vegetation, cannot recover the original water and soil conservation function, and needs to pay water and soil conservation compensation fees according to law. At present, how to determine the original geomorphic water and soil conservation function of engineering construction and how to identify whether the original geomorphic water and soil conservation function is restored after the engineering construction? At present, the loss index of the function of the temporary anhydrous soil conservation and a calculation method thereof are provided.
Wherein, the concept and the connotation about the functions of water loss, soil conservation, water loss and soil conservation are as follows:
the legal definition of soil and water conservation refers to the prevention and treatment measures taken against soil and water loss caused by natural factors and artificial activities. The water and soil loss refers to the damage and loss of water and soil resources and the production capacity of the land under the action of natural forces such as water power, wind power, gravity, freeze thawing and the like and human activities, and comprises the erosion of the surface layer of the land and the loss of water. Soil erosion and water loss includes destruction and loss of land resources, destruction and loss of water resources, destruction and loss of land productivity. Regarding the damage and loss of land resources and land productivity, in terms of production and construction projects, the property of the planned construction land is the land resource utilization determined by the social attributes of land, and the construction activities do not cause the damage and loss of the land resources and the land productivity in the range of the planned construction land. The water resource damage and loss refers to the phenomenon that rainwater or snow-melting water with the strength larger than the infiltration strength of soil runs off along the slope surface due to the action of gravity, and as for production and construction projects, the surface runoff is hardened in the range of a planned and constructed land, so that the surface runoff is increased, the infiltration is reduced, and the water retention and storage capacity of an original land block is reduced. Especially for cities, the regional surface is largely hardened, the rainfall runoff coefficient is increased, rainfall infiltration is less, runoff is more, and the phenomena of water circulation damage, groundwater recharge failure and waterlogging caused by rain in the original cities are caused. At present, the water and soil conservation work of production and construction projects is developed around preventing and controlling soil loss, and water loss is not involved.
The water and soil conservation function refers to the functions exerted or accumulated by water and soil conservation facilities and landform vegetation, which are beneficial to protecting water and soil resources, preventing and reducing disasters, improving ecology, promoting social progress and the like. The national water and soil conservation division determines ten basic functions of water and soil conservation, wind prevention and sand fixation, soil conservation, water storage and retention, farmland protection, water quality maintenance, ecological maintenance, disaster prevention and reduction, sand blocking and reduction and human living environment maintenance. In terms of production and construction projects, the water and soil conservation functions of in-situ landscape vegetation in a construction area and the water and soil conservation function which can be recovered after construction mainly comprise water storage and water conservation, soil protection, ecological maintenance, sand blocking and reduction and the like, and are classified into two aspects of 'soil' and 'water'. At present, no index of water conservation in water and soil conservation function exists; the soil conservation index in the water and soil conservation function has a soil loss control ratio, and the national standard has the soil loss control ratio index values in the construction process and after completion.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: provided is a method for measuring loss of water and soil conservation function, which solves the problem that the loss of water and soil conservation function caused by construction of engineering projects is difficult to measure.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for measuring loss of soil and water conservation function is characterized in that: the determination method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, measuring construction land before construction of engineering projects to obtain the number n of original underlying surface types contained in the construction land and the area of each original underlying surface type, wherein n is a positive integer, and the area of the ith original underlying surface type is recorded as Si，1≤i≤n；
Step two, measuring the construction land after the construction of the engineering project to obtain the number m of the types of the constructed underlying surfaces contained in the construction land and the number m of the constructed underlying surfaces per unitAnd the area of the post-construction underlayment type is S ', wherein m is a positive integer'k，1≤k≤m；
Thirdly, according to the technical specifications followed by the construction of the engineering project, inquiring and determining each kind of the original underlying surface type and the rainfall runoff coefficient corresponding to each kind of the constructed underlying surface type, and recording the rainfall runoff coefficient corresponding to the ith kind of the original underlying surface type as psiiRecording the rainfall runoff coefficient corresponding to the k-th type of constructed underlying surface as psi'k；
Step four, calculating the comprehensive value of the original rainfall runoff coefficient according to the following formula I
Figure GDA0001940880070000021
And calculating the comprehensive value of the constructed rainfall runoff coefficient according to the following formula II
Figure GDA0001940880070000022
Figure GDA0001940880070000023
Figure GDA0001940880070000024
Step five, calculating the water storage and retention function loss rate P of the construction land caused by the construction of the engineering project according to the following formula three, formula four and formula five:
Figure GDA0001940880070000025
Figure GDA0001940880070000026
Figure GDA0001940880070000031
in the formula, A represents the original water storage and retention function, and A' represents the built water storage and retention function.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the determination method further comprises:
sixthly, calculating an original water loss ratio B of the construction land before the construction of the engineering project according to the following formula VI, and calculating a post-construction water loss ratio B' of the construction land after the construction of the engineering project according to the following formula VII:
Figure GDA0001940880070000032
Figure GDA0001940880070000033
as a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the determination method further comprises:
step seven, judging whether P is less than or equal to 0 and B' is less than or equal to B, if so, judging: after the construction of the engineering project is built, the water storage and retention functions of the construction land are recovered; if the judgment result is no, judging that: and after the engineering project is constructed, the water storage and retention function of the construction land is not recovered.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
firstly, the invention obtains the area S of the ith original underlying surface type by measuring the construction land before and after the construction of the engineering project and inquiring the technical specification followed by the construction of the engineering projectiAnd area S 'of the kth type of under-laid face'kAnd their respective corresponding rainfall runoff coefficients psiiAnd rain runoff coefficient psi'kThe loss rate P of the water storage and retention function is calculated, so that the loss rate P of the water storage and retention function can be used as the loss of the soil and water retention functionQuantitatively determining the loss degree of the water storage and retention function of the construction land caused by the construction of the engineering project, namely: the smaller the loss rate P of the water storage and retention function is, the smaller the loss of the water storage and retention function caused by the construction of the engineering project is, and otherwise, the larger the loss is.
Secondly, the present invention calculates the original water loss ratio B and the post-construction water loss ratio B ', and quantitatively measures the water loss before and after construction of the construction site, using the original water loss ratio B and the post-construction water loss ratio B' as indexes of the degree of water loss of the construction site, that is: the smaller the original water loss ratio B and the water loss ratio B' after construction, the smaller the runoff of the land mass, the larger the infiltration, and the better the water storage and retention functions, and the larger the runoff of the land mass, the smaller the infiltration, and the poor water storage and retention functions.
Thirdly, the invention can judge whether P is less than or equal to 0 and B' is less than or equal to B by judging whether: after the construction of the engineering project is built, whether the water storage and retention function of the construction land is recovered or not is judged, a water and soil conservation function control index is provided for the water and soil loss prevention and control of the production and construction project, and a quantitative basis is provided for the lawful payment of water and soil conservation compensation fees.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example one
The invention discloses a method for measuring water and soil conservation function loss, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, measuring construction land before construction of engineering projects to obtain the number n of original underlying surface types contained in the construction land and the area of each original underlying surface type, wherein n is a positive integer, and the area of the ith original underlying surface type is recorded as SiI is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n, and the sum of the areas of all n original underlying surface types
Figure GDA0001940880070000041
I.e. the total area of the construction site;
step two, measuring the construction land after the construction of the engineering project is built,m is a positive integer, and the area of the kth type of post-construction underlayment face is expressed as S'kK is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to m, and the sum of the areas of all m types of constructed underlying surface
Figure GDA0001940880070000042
I.e. the total area of the construction site;
wherein, the invention can be implemented before the construction of the engineering project, the determination of the construction land for two pairs of steps is implemented based on the engineering design data of the construction of the engineering project; the method can also be implemented after the construction of the engineering project, and the actual measurement is carried out on the constructed construction land in two steps.
Thirdly, according to the technical specifications followed by the construction of the engineering project, inquiring and determining each kind of the original underlying surface type and the rainfall runoff coefficient corresponding to each kind of the constructed underlying surface type, and recording the rainfall runoff coefficient corresponding to the ith kind of the original underlying surface type as psiiRecording the rainfall runoff coefficient corresponding to the k-th type of constructed underlying surface as psi'k；
The technical specification followed by the construction of the engineering project can be the existing technical specifications such as building and community rainwater utilization engineering specification (GB50400-2006) or building water supply and drainage design specification (GB 50015-2009).
The original underlying surface types and the constructed underlying surface types comprise hard roofs, flat roofs without stone laying, asphalt roofs, flat roofs with stone laying, greening roofs, paved pavements such as concrete and asphalt pavements, block stones and the like, dry bricks, stone and gravel pavements, non-paved pavements, greenbelts, water surfaces, underground building earth-covered greenbelts and the like. Moreover, for the types of the underlying surfaces with the rainfall runoff coefficient value range specified in the technical specification, the invention can arbitrarily take values in the specified range without influencing the measurement result of the invention on the loss of the water and soil retention function, such as: for green roofs, the specifications set forth in the specificationsThe value range of the rainfall runoff coefficient is between 0.3 and 0.4, then: in the k-th condition that the type of the constructed under-floor is a green roof, the corresponding rainfall runoff coefficient psi'kCan be arbitrarily selected from 0.3 to 0.4.
Step four, calculating the comprehensive value of the original rainfall runoff coefficient according to the following formula I
Figure GDA0001940880070000051
And calculating the comprehensive value of the constructed rainfall runoff coefficient according to the following formula II
Figure GDA0001940880070000052
Figure GDA0001940880070000053
Figure GDA0001940880070000054
Step five, calculating the water storage and retention function loss rate P of the construction land caused by the construction of the engineering project according to the following formula three, formula four and formula five:
Figure GDA0001940880070000055
Figure GDA0001940880070000056
Figure GDA0001940880070000057
in the formula, A represents the original water storage and retention function, and A' represents the built water storage and retention function.
Thereby, through the size of the water loss of function rate P of retaining, can learn the water loss of function degree of retaining that engineering project construction caused the construction land, promptly: the smaller the loss rate P of the water storage and retention function is, the smaller the loss of the water storage and retention function caused by the construction of the engineering project is, and otherwise, the larger the loss is.
Wherein, the meaning represented by the formula five, which is the water retention loss rate P, is specifically described as follows:
the water storage and retention function refers to the function of water storage and retention exerted or stored by soil and water conservation facilities and landform vegetation in a certain area. The loss of the water storage and retention function in engineering project construction means that the water storage and retention function exerted or stored by water and soil conservation facilities and in-situ landscape vegetation is destroyed by construction activities. The water storage and retention function can be simplified into a rainfall infiltration function, and the rainfall runoff coefficient is calculated to obtain the rainfall infiltration function. The rainfall runoff coefficient is the ratio of the total runoff quantity generated by rainfall in a set time to the total rainfall quantity. For a specific project construction area, the loss of the original-place landscape water storage and retention function of the construction area is the increase of the comprehensive rainfall runoff coefficient of the field caused by surface hardening, and the loss of the original-place landscape water storage and retention function can be quantified through the change of the rainfall runoff coefficient.
Therefore, the water storage and retention function loss rate P is used for representing the degree of water storage and retention function loss of the original appearance caused by construction disturbance, and calculation is carried out according to the fifth formula. The water storage and retention function loss rate refers to the percentage of the disturbed water storage and retention function loss in the original landscape water storage and retention function, and the smaller the value is, the smaller the loss of the water storage and retention function caused by the engineering construction is, otherwise, the larger the loss is.
Example two
On the basis of the first embodiment, the second embodiment also adopts the following preferred embodiments:
the determination method further comprises:
sixthly, calculating an original water loss ratio B of the construction land before the construction of the engineering project according to the following formula VI, and calculating a post-construction water loss ratio B' of the construction land after the construction of the engineering project according to the following formula VII:
Figure GDA0001940880070000061
Figure GDA0001940880070000062
therefore, the water loss conditions of the construction land before and after the construction of the engineering project can be respectively obtained through the original water loss ratio B and the water loss ratio B' after construction, namely: the smaller the original water loss ratio B and the water loss ratio B' after construction, the smaller the runoff of the land mass, the larger the infiltration, and the better the water storage and retention functions, and the larger the runoff of the land mass, the smaller the infiltration, and the poor water storage and retention functions.
The meaning represented by the original water loss ratio B, i.e., the formula six, and the water loss ratio B' after construction, i.e., the formula seven, is specifically described as follows:
according to the definition of water loss, the numerical value of water loss is simplified into the ratio of the rainwater lost along the ground to the total rainfall, and can be directly expressed as the numerical value of water loss by using the rainfall runoff coefficient numerical value. The water loss ratio is the ratio of water loss and infiltration in the land, the smaller the ratio is, the smaller the land runoff is, the larger the infiltration is, and the better the water storage and retention functions are, otherwise, the larger the land runoff is, the smaller the infiltration is, and the worse the water storage and retention functions are.
EXAMPLE III
On the basis of the second embodiment, the third embodiment also adopts the following preferred embodiments:
the determination method further comprises:
step seven, judging whether P is less than or equal to 0 and B' is less than or equal to B, if so, judging: after the construction of the engineering project is built, the water storage and retention functions of the construction land are recovered; if the judgment result is no, judging that: and after the engineering project is constructed, the water storage and retention function of the construction land is not recovered. Therefore, for the construction land with the water storage and retention functions not recovered, the water and soil conservation compensation fee is required to be paid according to law, and a suggestion for building a water storage facility is provided.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various other equivalent modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the basic technical concept of the invention as described above, according to the common technical knowledge and conventional means in the field.

Claims (1)

1. A method for measuring loss of soil and water conservation function is characterized in that: the determination method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, measuring construction land before construction of engineering projects to obtain the number n of original underlying surface types contained in the construction land and the area of each original underlying surface type, wherein n is a positive integer, and the area of the ith original underlying surface type is recorded as Si，1≤i≤n；
Step two, measuring construction sites of the engineering projects after construction to obtain the number m of the types of the underlayment after construction included in the construction sites and the area of each type of the underlayment after construction, wherein m is a positive integer, and the area of the underlayment after construction of the kth type is recorded as S'k，1≤k≤m；
Thirdly, according to the technical specifications followed by the construction of the engineering project, inquiring and determining each kind of the original underlying surface type and the rainfall runoff coefficient corresponding to each kind of the constructed underlying surface type, and recording the rainfall runoff coefficient corresponding to the ith kind of the original underlying surface type as psiiRecording the rainfall runoff coefficient corresponding to the k-th type of constructed underlying surface as psi'k；
Step four, calculating the comprehensive value of the original rainfall runoff coefficient according to the following formula I
Figure FDA0002622572600000011
And calculating the comprehensive value of the constructed rainfall runoff coefficient according to the following formula II
Figure FDA0002622572600000012
Figure FDA0002622572600000013
Figure FDA0002622572600000014
Step five, calculating the water storage and retention function loss rate P of the construction land caused by the construction of the engineering project according to the following formula three, formula four and formula five:
Figure FDA0002622572600000015
Figure FDA0002622572600000016
Figure FDA0002622572600000017
in the formula, A represents the original water storage and retention function, and A' represents the built water storage and retention function;
sixthly, calculating an original water loss ratio B of the construction land before the construction of the engineering project according to the following formula VI, and calculating a post-construction water loss ratio B' of the construction land after the construction of the engineering project according to the following formula VII:
Figure FDA0002622572600000018
Figure FDA0002622572600000021
step seven, judging whether P is less than or equal to 0 and B' is less than or equal to B, if so, judging: after the construction of the engineering project is built, the water storage and retention functions of the construction land are recovered; if the judgment result is no, judging that: and after the engineering project is constructed, the water storage and retention function of the construction land is not recovered.
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CN103364532A (en) * 2012-03-28 2013-10-23 中国环境科学研究院 Practical method for quantitatively evaluating conservation quantity of regional water source

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