CN109402351A - A kind of metal works processing method - Google Patents

A kind of metal works processing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109402351A
CN109402351A CN201811195648.3A CN201811195648A CN109402351A CN 109402351 A CN109402351 A CN 109402351A CN 201811195648 A CN201811195648 A CN 201811195648A CN 109402351 A CN109402351 A CN 109402351A
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temperature
salt bath
furnace
connecting piece
salt
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荆建军
肖力
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Dongguan University of Technology
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Dongguan University of Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
    • C23C8/58—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions more than one element being applied in more than one step

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of metal works processing methods, by being forged, being annealed to metal works, be machined, be heat-treated, working region polishing, surface preparation, preheating, the processing of nitrocarburizing salt bath, oxidation salt bath handles and a series of processing such as cooling treatment, the deformation of metal works after heat treatment can be reduced, and increase substantially the wearability of metal works, corrosion stability, reaching outside has higher hardness, and inside has the applications well prospect of preferable metal toughness.

Description

A kind of metal works processing method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for metal working, in particular to a kind of metal works processing method.
Background technique
With the rapid development of China's manufacturing industry, processing industry development is swift and violent, and the production and processing demand of various workpiece is significantly Increase, and metal works require to carry out heat treatment procedure before use mostly.
Heat treatment of workpieces deformation is one of the major defect of workpiece treatment process, to some accurate complex parts, Chang Yinre Processing is deformed and is scrapped, therefore the deformation for controlling accurate complex part becomes always the critical issue being heat-treated in production；Many institutes It is known, workpiece heat treatment when, especially in quenching process, due to workpiece interface each section heating and cooling velocity it is different Temperature difference caused by cause, reasons such as non-isochronism of structural transformation in addition, so that workpiece interface each section volume dilational is uneven It is even, structural transformation it is uneven, so as to cause thermal stress caused by " structural stress " and workpiece internal-external temperature difference, when its internal stress More than workpiece yield limit when, the deformation of workpiece will be caused.
Some producers are in order to guarantee that workpiece reaches higher hardness, it is believed that need to improve quenching temperature；But production practices Show that this way is inappropriate, be equally to use to carry out heating quenching under normal heating temperature for complex part, Heat-treatment distortion after the ceiling temperature heating of permission is more much bigger than the heat-treatment distortion of the lower limit temperature heating in permission； It is well known that quenching temperature is higher, the crystal grain of steel more becomes to growing up, and due to that harden ability can be made to increase compared with big crystal grain, then makes to quench The stress that fire generates when cooling is bigger；In addition, since complex part is manufactured by middle high-alloy steel mostly, if hardening heat is high, Then because Ms point is low, the retained austenite scale of construction increases in tissue, deforms after increasing heat treatment of workpieces.
Therefore, heat treatment process being reasonably selected in the case where guaranteeing the technical conditions of workpiece can be reduced at complicated heat Reason deformation.
Summary of the invention
The principal element for influencing metal works performance is the material and heat treatment process of workpiece, to change certain of metal works Kind of performance can be realized by adjusting ingredient and heat treatment process.
For the substantially determining material of heat treatment process, steel material performance can be changed by addition alloying element； Alloying element refers to purposive addition in the material, its distinctive property is utilized in alloy melting, cooling, heat treatment process Can, generate new solid solution and metallic compound such as to change certain performance of material.
Metal works often bear the effect of extruding, high temperature, iterative cycles stress, the thermal effect generated in extrusion process The temperature rise of the generations such as answering, rub, makes the temperature of workpiece reach very high degree, therefore under prolonged high temperature action, metal Frotteurism between workpiece and other parts deteriorates, and the strength reduction of workpiece leads to the generation of plastic deformation, so as to cause work Part breakage and initial failure；Sometimes, workpiece bears quite high pressure at work, and adds high temperature and long duration of action, It tends to exceed the allowable stress of workpiece material and damages；Meanwhile workpiece iterative cycles, squeeze alternation stress under, Also fatigue rupture is easily generated.
The many because being known as of metal works service life are influenced, other than correctly designing with reasonably use, workpiece adds Each process also has a great impact to the service life of workpiece during work；For the service life for improving metal works, this hair It is bright to be improved to each process of metal works manufacturing process and using technique.
A kind of metal works processing method proposed the purpose of the present invention is to solve background technique, can reduce gold The deformation of metal work-pieces after heat treatment, and the wearability of metal works, corrosion stability are increased substantially, reach outside with higher hard Degree, inside have the applications well prospect of preferable metal toughness.
For the service life for improving metal works, the present invention is to each process of metal works manufacturing process and uses technique It is improved:
Before steel forging, need to steel surface or internal nondestructive inspection, to ensure material quality.Alloying element content in steel Higher, resistance of deformation is larger when forging.Therefore, forging temperature control guarantees homogeneous heating, blank between 1100~1160 DEG C 90 ° are overturn in burner hearth, overturning number cannot be less than 2 times；In forging process, it is necessary to be pulled out by multiple jumping-up, total forging ratio >=3, each process upset ratio >=2.When opening hammer, first light hammer is beaten fastly, is then gradually aggravated, then tip-tap again, be should be avoided and continuously beat again, Forbid cold-hammer.
By the forging to steel, it can reach following purposes:
(1) steel consistency is improved, even tissue is made；
(2) change the grain direction of steel, to improve its mechanical property and service performance；
(3) blocky, netted and Cold Roll is eliminated, keeps its even tissue tiny, to improve heat treatment performance.
It to prevent forge crack, slow cooling after forging, and is annealed in time to eliminate forging stress, reduces hardness, improve machine Process cutting ability.
Specific method for annealing are as follows: steel are placed in furnace and are heated, control temperature between 850~885 DEG C, heat preservation Time is 2-4h, then control in-furnace temperature between 715~735 DEG C, soaking time be Yi≤40 DEG C 3-4h ,/h rate into Row cooling, comes out of the stove when Wen Du≤50 DEG C；Tissue after annealing is made of globular pearlite and a small amount of granular carbide, is moved back Fiery hardness HB190~230.
The quality and technique of machining have a direct impact the metal works service life；It, should be according to thick to common metal workpiece Processing → heat treatment → finishing process carries out, and the roughing later period should reduce the depth of cut to the greatest extent；For the fillet of working portion R is processed after should being placed on heat treatment, and surface roughness is generally Ra5；Milling quality will control Milling Process diffluence pass, divide Flow the dimensional accuracy and finished surface precision of bridge, soldering chamber plane；Coarse granule strong using cutting force when grinding, caking property is poor Middle Soft grinding wheel, and the strict control amount of feeding cool down workpiece in processing, to prevent workpiece surface because of rapid stock-removal mistake It is caused cracking and easily develop into pattern cracking in hot extrusion；An anti-oxidation tempering of low temperature is carried out after grinding.
Reasonable heat treatment process is the key that improve the workpiece service life；Workpiece will not only bear very big extruding at work Power, and the environment of chilling and shock heating is still suffered from, this requires workpiece not only enough red hardness at high temperature, also to there is foot Enough thermal fatigue resistances；With the raising of hardening heat, hardness is increased after steel quenching；This is because in the annealed structure of steel There are a large amount of carbide, these carbide with the raising of heating temperature, are gradually dissolved in austenite, make Ovshinsky in Quench heating The amount of carbon and alloying element in body increases, therefore the hardness of steel increases after quenching；And hardening heat reach 1050 DEG C when Hardness reaches maximum, it is thus determined that hardening heat is 1050 ± 10 DEG C.
Therefore, in the quenching treatment heating process of steel, hardening heat is then risen to again first using two sections of preheatings； The purposes of two sections of preheatings are that stress caused by the temperature gradient that can be formed in workpiece in order to avoid too fast heating leads to work The distortion of part can also be effectively facilitated austenite homogenization.
General high-quality steel mostly uses 540~650 DEG C × 3h high tempering, to improve the toughness of workpiece and reduce remaining Austenite occurs to change and cause brittleness in workpiece；After being quenched at a temperature of normal quenching, with the raising of tempering temperature, hardness It begins to decline, but declines rear hardness to a certain extent and begin to ramp up again, about in 520 DEG C or so tempering, hardness reaches peak, it Afterwards again with the raising of tempering temperature, hardness is begun to decline again；Because with the raising of tempering temperature, carbide precipitate in martensite, Phosphorus content declines in martensite, and when tempering temperature is increased to certain temperature, spy has been precipitated in the hardness decline of steel from martensite Different carbide causes " post-curing ", increases the hardness of steel again.
But steel will appear temper brittleness while post-curing, significantly reduce impact flexibility；This be because Austenite is changed into the edge of martensite when biggish carbide and tempered fast cooling is precipitated when to be tempered between martensite lath Therefore in order to avoid being tempered in brittleness development zone, and consider that hardness is again lower at 610 DEG C or more, it is thus determined that tempering Temperature is between 550~610 DEG C.
In addition, in order to eliminate or mitigate temper brittleness, it is also necessary to use double tempering, second of tempering temperature is lower than first About 20 DEG C of secondary tempering temperature, soaking time shortens 20~25%.Final heat treatment tissue after 45 steel temperings is: tempered martensite + a small amount of granular carbide.
According to the above analysis, the heat treatment process that workpiece manufactures after improving is determined are as follows:
(1) quench: 670 DEG C of preheatings after keeping the temperature 1h, are warming up to 810 DEG C, keep the temperature 1~2h, then be warming up to 1050 ± 10 DEG C, keep the temperature 2.5h, oil quenching are air-cooled after cooling to 150 DEG C；
(2) 550~610 DEG C of tempering are carried out after quenching in 2h, 2h is kept the temperature, double tempering is carried out after being cooled to room temperature after coming out of the stove, temperature 540~580 DEG C of degree keeps the temperature 1.5~2h, comes out and cools down.
Entire heat treatment process uses heating in vacuum, has several advantages that (1) is heated workpiece and is heated evenly, heat Processing deformation is small；(2) workpiece surface oxidation and decarbonization is inhibited；(3) workpiece surface is purified, to raising wearability, fatigue resistance There is positive effect；After thermally treated process, workpiece surface hardness reaches HRC49~53.
When workpiece cutting on line, electrical spark working working hour, surface can generate again solidification layer (being commonly called as nitride layer, white layer), the hardness of this layer Height, brittleness is big, micro-crack is more, declines the fracture resistance of workpiece, early fracture easily occurs.
Therefore carried out after cutting on line and electrical discharge machining process one time 490~530 DEG C, the supplement of 2~3h of soaking time Tempering makes to solidify layer-stabilizing, prevents micro-crack extension.
The roughness of workpiece work band part determines the surface quality of aluminum profile, and work belt finish is poor, aluminium and work belt Contact slide frictional force increases, and the wear of work is accelerated, and stifled mould easy to form causes extruding force to increase, causes workpiece to burst apart and scrap； Work belt polishing must assure that its flatness and the requirement with the direction of extrusion depth of parallelism, prevent cutting edge passivation, corner angle are rounded.
When metal works since job requirement local deformation is larger, port requirements hardness is high, can shrink and there is not allowed that office It bursts apart in portion；At this point, there are contradictions for the demand between the thickness and connector overall flexibility of the surface hardness of demand, permeable formation, and The Surface hardening treatment technique of common stainless steel material is also immature, and the outside of workpiece has a higher hardness, inside have compared with The property requirements of good metal toughness cannot guarantee well, for this purpose, the present invention by using nitrocarburizing in the subsequent process Processing is to solve the above problems.
Based on the above issues with actual use demand, it successively includes such as that the present invention, which proposes a kind of metal works processing method, Lower step:
1) it forges: conducting forging processing is carried out to the steel after preheating, forging temperature controls between 1100~1160 DEG C, guarantees heating Uniformly, blank overturns 90 ° in burner hearth, and overturning number cannot be less than 2 times, in forging process, be pulled out by multiple jumping-up, controls Total forging Bi≤3, each process jumping-up Bi≤2；
2) it anneals: steel being placed in annealing furnace and are made annealing treatment；
3) it is machined: machining processes being carried out to steel according to the process of roughing, heat treatment, finishing, and are being ground An anti-oxidation tempering of low temperature is carried out afterwards；
4) it being heat-treated: workpiece being delivered in glowing furnace and is quenched, 670 DEG C of preheatings are warming up to 810 DEG C after keeping the temperature 1h, 1~2h is kept the temperature, then is warming up to 1050 ± 10 DEG C, carries out oil quenching after keeping the temperature 2.5h, it is air-cooled after cooling to 150 DEG C；2h after quenching It is tempered between 550~610 DEG C inherent, keeps the temperature 2h, double tempering is carried out after being cooled to room temperature after coming out of the stove, temperature control exists Between 540~580 DEG C, 1.5~2h is kept the temperature, is come out and cooled down；
5) carried out after cutting on line and electrical discharge machining process one time 490~530 DEG C, the supplement tempering of 2~3h of soaking time；
6) working region polish: be processed by shot blasting using working region of the polishing machine to workpiece, guarantee its flatness and with The direction of extrusion depth of parallelism；
7) surface preparation: metal connecting piece is before entering salt bath furnace, to the dirt, iron rust and oil on metal connecting piece surface Rouge is cleaned, and after cleaning, metal connecting piece is dried；
8) it preheats: the metal connecting piece after drying being placed in air furnace and is preheated, control preheating temperature 350~400 DEG C, 20~40min of preheating time；
9) nitrocarburizing salt bath is handled: the metal connecting piece after preheating being placed in nitrocarburizing salt bath furnace and is carried out at nitrocarburizing Reason periodically adds into nitrocarburizing salt bath furnace in process of production when the cyanate radical decline of salt bath in nitrocarburizing salt bath furnace Salt is adjusted, so that the cyanate concentration in salt bath is maintained between 36~40%, nitrocarburizing salt temperature is controlled 540~580 DEG C, 30~180min of time；
10) oxidation salt bath processing: the metal connecting piece after preheating is placed in oxidation salt bath furnace and carries out oxidation processes, aoxidizes salt bath Temperature control is at 350~400 DEG C, 15~30min of salt bath time；
11) cooling treatment: by aoxidize salt bath after metal connecting piece be placed in work rest carry out at room temperature it is air-cooled.
It is further limited as of the invention, after step 11) cooling treatment, also carries out following process:
12) surface polishing treatment: the metal connecting piece after oxidation salt bath is processed by shot blasting by polishing machine；
12) metal connecting piece after polishing: being placed in oxidation salt bath furnace again and carries out oxidation processes by surface oxidation treatment again, Salt temperature control is aoxidized between 380~420 DEG C of temperature, 10~30min of time；
14) oiling: metal connecting piece being placed in hot engine oil and impregnates 20min, to seal oxide layer hole.
As further restriction of the invention, step 2 annealing specifically: steel are placed in furnace and are added Heat controls temperature between 850~885 DEG C, soaking time 2-4h, then controls in-furnace temperature between 715~735 DEG C, Soaking time is 3-4h, is cooled down with the rate of≤40 DEG C/h, is come out of the stove when Wen Du≤50 DEG C.
As further restriction of the invention, after step 2 makes annealing treatment, annealing hardness is HB190~230.
It is further limited as of the invention, in step 7), surface preparation mode is specially to use 80~90 DEG C Hot water or aqueous solution containing 1.5~3% sodium carbonate clean the dirt, iron rust and grease on metal connecting piece surface, clean Afterwards, metal connecting piece is dried by the way of spontaneously drying, compressed air dries up or 100~150 DEG C of drying.
As further restriction of the invention, the processing of nitrocarburizing salt bath uses base salt in step 9), is adjusted by being added Whole salt adjusts CNO-Concentration is to 36~40%；Nitrocarburizing salt bath furnace uses external-heat crucible smelting furnace, power 6KW, temperature control Precision ± 5 DEG C, using Continuous aeration, ventilatory capacity is 7~9L/min, to reduce CN-Concentration improves CNO-Concentration reinforces the steady of salt Qualitative and mobility, the temperature of saline solution in uniform furnace.
It is limited as of the invention further, the control of nitrocarburizing salt temperature is at 560 DEG C in step 9), the time 120min。
It is limited as of the invention further, the control of oxidation salt temperature is at 360 DEG C in step 10), time 20min.
As further restriction of the invention, the oxidation salt temperature of surface oxidation treatment is controlled again in step 12) Between 400 ± 5 DEG C of temperature, time 20min.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, by the forging to steel, steel consistency can be improved, even tissue is made, change the grain direction of steel, to change It is apt to its mechanical property and service performance, blocky, netted and Cold Roll can also be eliminated, keep its even tissue tiny, to change Kind heat treatment performance.
2, then rise to hardening heat again using two sections of preheatings in heat treatment process, the purposes of two sections of preheatings be in order to Stress caused by the temperature gradient for avoiding too fast heating that from being formed in workpiece leads to the distortion of workpiece, can also effectively promote It is homogenized into austenite.
3, preheating is carried out after pre-processing can dry the moisture of surface of workpiece, reenter after so that cold metal works is heated up Salt bath furnace enters after salt bath furnace causes salt bath to sputter and prevents cold metal works from entering furnace under salt temperature to prevent metal works with water Drop is excessive；Preheating also has certain effect to the deformation for reducing metal works and the appearance for obtaining uniform color simultaneously.
4, the heat treatment process can make metal works deformation quantity minimum, while can increase substantially metal works table again Wearability, the corrosion stability in face, existing gas soft nitriding and glow discharge nitriding be substantially all can with the Quench-Polish-Quench technology technology come Instead of, and the wearability and corrosion stability of metal works can be greatly improved, corrosion stability can reach the level of plating, wear-resisting Property than blackening process be higher by hundred times, seawater corrosion prevention test life than blackening process part improve tens times.
5, after metal works immerse salt bath, cyanate radical decomposes N, C atom generated can be in the dot matrix gap in Fe atom It is diffused, with the raising of surface atom concentration, finally from workpiece surface to the concentration gradient for being centrally formed N, C, formationization The diffusion layer organization of nitride layer and diffusion layer composition is closed, so that the diffusion layer organization of treated metal works consists of three layers: appearance is Oxide layer, centre are chemical combination layer, are inwardly diffusion layer；Wherein, mostly important with compound layer in diffusion layer organization, it is that raising is resistance to The most important part of mill property, while its corrosion stability is also fine；The main function of oxide layer be constituted together with chemical combination layer it is fabulous Resist layer, simultaneous oxidation layer is in porous state, can store lubricating fluid, reduces friction, and to improving, wearability is advantageous, simultaneously There are also the effects of aesthetic appeal；Diffusion layer main function is the fatigue strength for improving workpiece, the metal works thin, thin to increase Integral strength and elasticity also play the role of very big.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the metallographic structure figure under the different temperatures of metal works processing method proposed by the present invention.
Specific embodiment
It is next combined with specific embodiments below that the present invention is further described.
Embodiment one
A kind of metal works processing method, in turn includes the following steps:
1) it forges: conducting forging processing is carried out to the steel after preheating, forging temperature controls between 1100~1160 DEG C, guarantees heating Uniformly, blank overturns 90 ° in burner hearth, and overturning number cannot be less than 2 times, in forging process, be pulled out by multiple jumping-up, controls Total forging Bi≤3, each process jumping-up Bi≤2；
2) it anneals: steel being placed in annealing furnace and are made annealing treatment；
3) it is machined: machining processes being carried out to steel according to the process of roughing, heat treatment, finishing, and are being ground An anti-oxidation tempering of low temperature is carried out afterwards；
4) it being heat-treated: workpiece being delivered in glowing furnace and is quenched, 670 DEG C of preheatings are warming up to 810 DEG C after keeping the temperature 1h, 1~2h is kept the temperature, then is warming up to 1050 ± 10 DEG C, carries out oil quenching after keeping the temperature 2.5h, it is air-cooled after cooling to 150 DEG C；2h after quenching It is tempered between 550~610 DEG C inherent, keeps the temperature 2h, double tempering is carried out after being cooled to room temperature after coming out of the stove, temperature control exists Between 540~580 DEG C, 1.5 ~ 2h is kept the temperature, is come out and cooled down；
5) carried out after cutting on line and electrical discharge machining process one time 490~530 DEG C, the supplement tempering of 2~3h of soaking time；
6) working region polish: be processed by shot blasting using working region of the polishing machine to workpiece, guarantee its flatness and with The direction of extrusion depth of parallelism；
7) surface preparation: metal connecting piece is before entering salt bath furnace, to the dirt, iron rust and oil on metal connecting piece surface Rouge is cleaned, and after cleaning, metal connecting piece is dried；
8) it preheats: the metal connecting piece after drying being placed in air furnace and is preheated, control preheating temperature 350~400 DEG C, 20~40min of preheating time；
9) nitrocarburizing salt bath is handled: the metal connecting piece after preheating being placed in nitrocarburizing salt bath furnace and is carried out at nitrocarburizing Reason periodically adds into nitrocarburizing salt bath furnace in process of production when the cyanate radical decline of salt bath in nitrocarburizing salt bath furnace Salt is adjusted, so that the cyanate concentration in salt bath is maintained between 36~40%, nitrocarburizing salt temperature is controlled at 540 DEG C, when Between 30~180min；
10) oxidation salt bath processing: the metal connecting piece after preheating is placed in oxidation salt bath furnace and carries out oxidation processes, aoxidizes salt bath Temperature control is at 350~400 DEG C, 15~30min of salt bath time；
11) cooling treatment: by aoxidize salt bath after metal connecting piece be placed in work rest carry out at room temperature it is air-cooled.
Embodiment two
As another embodiment of the invention, after step 11) cooling treatment, following process is also carried out:
12) surface polishing treatment: the metal connecting piece after oxidation salt bath is processed by shot blasting by polishing machine；
12) metal connecting piece after polishing: being placed in oxidation salt bath furnace again and carries out oxidation processes by surface oxidation treatment again, Salt temperature control is aoxidized between 380~420 DEG C of temperature, 10~30min of time；
14) oiling: metal connecting piece being placed in hot engine oil and impregnates 20min, to seal oxide layer hole.
Wherein, step 2 makes annealing treatment specifically: steel are placed in furnace and are heated, control temperature 850~885 Between DEG C, then soaking time 2-4h controls in-furnace temperature between 715~735 DEG C, soaking time is Yi≤40 3-4h , DEG C/rate of h cools down, it comes out of the stove when Wen Du≤50 DEG C.
Wherein, after step 2 annealing, annealing hardness is HB190~230.
In order to realize that preferable cleaning pre-processes, in step 7), surface preparation mode is specially to use 80~90 DEG C Hot water or aqueous solution containing 1.5~3% sodium carbonate clean the dirt, iron rust and grease on metal connecting piece surface, clean Afterwards, metal connecting piece is dried by the way of spontaneously drying, compressed air dries up or 100~150 DEG C of drying.
Embodiment three
As another embodiment of the invention, the processing of nitrocarburizing salt bath uses base salt in step 9), adjusts salt by being added, Adjust CNO-Concentration is to 36~40%；Nitrocarburizing salt bath furnace use external-heat crucible smelting furnace, power 6KW, temperature control precision ± 5 DEG C, using Continuous aeration, ventilatory capacity is 7~9L/min, to reduce CN-Concentration improves CNO-Concentration, reinforce salt stability and Mobility, the temperature of saline solution in uniform furnace.
Example IV
As another embodiment of the invention, the processing of step 9) nitrocarburizing salt bath is selected: by the metal connecting piece after preheating It is placed in nitrocarburizing salt bath furnace and carries out nitrocarburizing processing, in process of production when the cyanic acid of salt bath in nitrocarburizing salt bath furnace Root decline when, periodically into nitrocarburizing salt bath furnace plus adjustment salt so that the cyanate concentration in salt bath be maintained at 36~40% it Between, the control of nitrocarburizing salt temperature is at 560 DEG C, 30~180min of time.
Embodiment five
As another embodiment of the invention, 9) nitrocarburizing salt bath is handled for selection: the metal connecting piece after preheating is placed Nitrocarburizing processing is carried out in nitrocarburizing salt bath furnace, in process of production when under the cyanate radical of salt bath in nitrocarburizing salt bath furnace When drop, adjustment salt is periodically added into nitrocarburizing salt bath furnace, so that the cyanate concentration in salt bath is maintained between 36~40%, The control of nitrocarburizing salt temperature is at 580 DEG C, 30~180min of time.
The comparing result of embodiment one, four, five
Referring to Fig. 1, by the metallographic structure figure of comparative example one, four, five, as permeation 120min, metal connecting piece is found Under the different temperatures of surface treatment method (540 DEG C, 560 DEG C, 580 DEG C) with the raising of permeation temperature, chemical combination layer depth in infiltration layer Variation tendency it is as follows: when temperature is increased to 560 DEG C from 540 DEG C of degree, the depth of chemical combination layer is gradually increased, but when temperature continue After being increased to 580 DEG C, the depth of chemical combination layer is declined instead, and weaker zone thickness increases obviously；So permeation temperature exists 560 DEG C are that effect is best.
Therefore, as optimal embodiment of the invention, rate-determining steps 9) in nitrocarburizing salt temperature at 560 DEG C, Time 120min；Salt temperature control is aoxidized in step 10) at 360 DEG C, time 20min；In step 12) again at surface oxidation The oxidation salt temperature control of reason is at 400 DEG C ± 5 DEG C of temperature, time 20min.
The present invention is by forging metal works, annealing, be machined, be heat-treated, working region polishes, surface is pre- A series of processing such as processing, preheating, the processing of nitrocarburizing salt bath, the processing of oxidation salt bath and cooling treatment, can reduce metal work The deformation of part after heat treatment, and the wearability of metal works, corrosion stability are increased substantially, reaching outside has higher hardness, Inside has preferable metal toughness.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, Anyone skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of metal works processing method, which is characterized in that in turn include the following steps:
1) it forges: conducting forging processing is carried out to the steel after preheating, forging temperature controls between 1100~1160 DEG C, guarantees heating Uniformly, blank overturns 90 ° in burner hearth, and overturning number cannot be less than 2 times, in forging process, be pulled out by multiple jumping-up, controls Total forging Bi≤3, each process jumping-up Bi≤2；
2) it anneals: steel being placed in annealing furnace and are made annealing treatment；
3) it is machined: machining processes being carried out to steel according to the process of roughing, heat treatment, finishing, and are being ground An anti-oxidation tempering of low temperature is carried out afterwards；
4) it being heat-treated: workpiece being delivered in glowing furnace and is quenched, 670 DEG C of preheatings are warming up to 810 DEG C after keeping the temperature 1h, 1~2h is kept the temperature, then is warming up to 1050 ± 10 DEG C, carries out oil quenching after keeping the temperature 2.5h, it is air-cooled after cooling to 150 DEG C；2h after quenching It is tempered between 550~610 DEG C inherent, keeps the temperature 2h, double tempering is carried out after being cooled to room temperature after coming out of the stove, temperature control exists Between 540~580 DEG C, 1.5~2h is kept the temperature, is come out and cooled down；
5) carried out after cutting on line and electrical discharge machining process one time 490~530 DEG C, the supplement tempering of 2~3h of soaking time；
6) working region polish: be processed by shot blasting using working region of the polishing machine to workpiece, guarantee its flatness and with The direction of extrusion depth of parallelism；
7) surface preparation: metal connecting piece is before entering salt bath furnace, to the dirt, iron rust and oil on metal connecting piece surface Rouge is cleaned, and after cleaning, metal connecting piece is dried；
8) it preheats: the metal connecting piece after drying being placed in air furnace and is preheated, control preheating temperature 350~400 DEG C, 20~40min of preheating time；
9) nitrocarburizing salt bath is handled: the metal connecting piece after preheating being placed in nitrocarburizing salt bath furnace and is carried out at nitrocarburizing Reason periodically adds into nitrocarburizing salt bath furnace in process of production when the cyanate radical decline of salt bath in nitrocarburizing salt bath furnace Salt is adjusted, so that the cyanate concentration in salt bath is maintained between 36~40%, nitrocarburizing salt temperature is controlled 540~580 DEG C, 30~180min of time；
10) oxidation salt bath processing: the metal connecting piece after preheating is placed in oxidation salt bath furnace and carries out oxidation processes, aoxidizes salt bath Temperature control is at 350~400 DEG C, 15~30min of salt bath time；
11) cooling treatment: by aoxidize salt bath after metal connecting piece be placed in work rest carry out at room temperature it is air-cooled.
2. a kind of metal works processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step 11) cooling treatment Afterwards, following process is also carried out:
12) surface polishing treatment: the metal connecting piece after oxidation salt bath is processed by shot blasting by polishing machine；
12) metal connecting piece after polishing: being placed in oxidation salt bath furnace again and carries out oxidation processes by surface oxidation treatment again, Salt temperature control is aoxidized between 380~420 DEG C of temperature, 10~30min of time；
14) oiling: metal connecting piece being placed in hot engine oil and impregnates 20min, to seal oxide layer hole.
3. a kind of metal works processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step 2 annealing tool Body are as follows: steel are placed in furnace and are heated, control temperature between 850~885 DEG C, then soaking time 2-4h is controlled Between 715~735 DEG C, soaking time 3-4h's in-furnace temperature processed is cooled down, when Wen Du≤50 with the rate of≤40 DEG C/h DEG C when come out of the stove.
4. a kind of metal works processing method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the step 2 annealing Afterwards, annealing hardness is HB190~230.
5. a kind of metal works processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step 7), surface is pre- Processing mode is specially the hot water for using 80~90 DEG C or dirt of the aqueous solution to metal connecting piece surface containing 1.5~3% sodium carbonate Dirt, iron rust and grease are cleaned, and after cleaning, are dried using natural drying, compressed air drying or 100~150 DEG C Metal connecting piece is dried in mode.
6. a kind of metal works processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: nitrocarburizing in the step 9) Salt bath processing uses base salt, adjusts salt by being added, adjusts CNO-Concentration is between 36~40%；Nitrocarburizing salt bath furnace uses External-heat crucible smelting furnace, power 6KW, temperature control precision ± 5 DEG C, using Continuous aeration, ventilatory capacity is 7~9L/min, to subtract Few CN-Concentration improves CNO-Concentration reinforces the stability and mobility of salt, the temperature of saline solution in uniform furnace.
7. a kind of metal works processing method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: nitrocarburizing in the step 9) Salt temperature control is at 560 DEG C, time 120min.
8. a kind of metal works processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: saline oxide in the step 10) Bath temperature control is at 360 DEG C, time 20min.
9. a kind of metal works processing method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: table again in the step 12) The oxidation salt temperature of face oxidation processes controls the time 20min between 400 ± 5 DEG C of temperature.
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CN110026740A (en) * 2019-04-25 2019-07-19 沈阳透平机械股份有限公司 A kind of processing method with end cover suitable for centrifugal compressor
CN111250938A (en) * 2020-03-19 2020-06-09 台州市烁达机械有限公司 QPQ (quench-Polish-quench) machining process for rotor of backing pump
CN112430712A (en) * 2020-11-24 2021-03-02 南京科亚化工成套装备有限公司 Heat treatment process for high-speed steel threaded element
CN113187719A (en) * 2021-04-28 2021-07-30 上海朋泰机械科技有限公司 Gear ring, pump shaft, machining method of pump shaft and internal gear pump
CN115572937A (en) * 2022-10-28 2023-01-06 西安理工大学 High-hardness antifriction steel wire ring and preparation method thereof
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CN113187719A (en) * 2021-04-28 2021-07-30 上海朋泰机械科技有限公司 Gear ring, pump shaft, machining method of pump shaft and internal gear pump
CN115572937A (en) * 2022-10-28 2023-01-06 西安理工大学 High-hardness antifriction steel wire ring and preparation method thereof
CN115612811A (en) * 2022-10-31 2023-01-17 江苏鸿康电器有限公司 Metal workpiece treatment process and machining device

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