CN109400195A - 一种耐磨抗腐蚀编织陶瓷复合材料及成型方法、编织陶瓷制品 - Google Patents

一种耐磨抗腐蚀编织陶瓷复合材料及成型方法、编织陶瓷制品 Download PDF

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CN109400195A
CN109400195A CN201811360471.8A CN201811360471A CN109400195A CN 109400195 A CN109400195 A CN 109400195A CN 201811360471 A CN201811360471 A CN 201811360471A CN 109400195 A CN109400195 A CN 109400195A
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ceramic composite
resistant
braiding
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particle
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林建华
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MYINGFA CERAMIC Co Ltd DEHUA FUJIAN
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Abstract

本发明属于陶瓷复合材料技术领域，具体涉及一种耐磨抗腐蚀编织陶瓷复合材料及成型方法、编织陶瓷制品。所述编织陶瓷复合材料包括纤维预制体骨架和通过粘结剂包覆在所述纤维预制体骨架上的陶瓷复合材料，其中纤维预制体骨架由碳纤维、玄武岩纤维、石英纤维、碳化硅纤维中两种或两种以上的复合而成，显著增强了编织陶瓷复合材料的强度、耐高温性、耐腐蚀性及耐磨性；纤维预制体上粘结的陶瓷复合材料包括氧化铝颗粒、二氧化硅颗粒、氧化锡颗粒、三氧化钼颗粒、碳化硅颗粒、氮化铪颗粒、硅酸锆颗粒和硅橡胶颗粒。本发明的编织陶瓷复合材料具有优异的耐磨、耐腐蚀性能，且制备成型过程较为简单、工期短，可大规模推广和产业化。

Description

一种耐磨抗腐蚀编织陶瓷复合材料及成型方法、编织陶瓷 制品
技术领域
本发明属于陶瓷复合材料技术领域，具体涉及一种耐磨抗腐蚀编织陶瓷复合材料及成型方法、编织陶瓷制品。
背景技术
纤维增强陶瓷复合材料是指以纤维为增强体、陶瓷为基体复合而成的材料。高性能纤维的引入可增韧和强化陶瓷、阻止裂纹，提高陶瓷的力学性能，使得所形成的陶瓷复合材料具有耐高温、高强度、高模量等优异性能。然而，现有的纤维陶瓷复合材料选用纤维单一，导致复合材料的耐磨性及耐腐蚀性能一般。
发明内容
基于以上现有技术，本发明的目的在于提供耐磨抗腐蚀编织陶瓷复合材料及成型方法、编织陶瓷制品，纤维预制体骨架通过粘结剂包覆陶瓷复合材料，使编织陶瓷复合材料具有优异的耐磨耐腐蚀性能。
为了实现以上目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：一种耐磨抗腐蚀编织陶瓷复合材料，包括纤维预制体骨架与通过粘结剂包覆在其上的陶瓷复合材料；所述陶瓷复合材料包括氧化铝颗粒、二氧化硅颗粒、氧化锡颗粒、三氧化钼颗粒、碳化硅颗粒、氮化铪颗粒、硅酸锆颗粒和硅橡胶颗粒。
进一步地，所述纤维预制体骨架为碳纤维、玄武岩纤维、石英纤维、碳化硅纤维中两种或两种以上的复合。
进一步地，所述粘结剂的组分包括交联剂、稳定剂和分散剂熔剂，交联剂、稳定剂和分散剂的质量比为（5~10）:（5~10）:（1~2）。
进一步地，所述交联剂为有机硼交联剂；所述稳定剂为硅溶胶或铝溶胶；所述分散剂为聚丙烯酸。
进一步地，所述陶瓷复合材料中氧化铝颗粒、二氧化硅颗粒、氧化锡颗粒、三氧化钼颗粒、碳化硅颗粒、氮化铪颗粒、硅酸锆颗粒和硅橡胶颗粒的质量比为（1~2）:（3~5）:（1~2）:（1~2）：（1~2）：（1~2）：（1~2）：（3~5）。
本发明还提供了上述耐磨抗腐蚀编织陶瓷复合材料的成型方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1）：按照质量配比将氧化铝颗粒、二氧化硅颗粒、氧化锡颗粒、三氧化钼颗粒、碳化硅颗粒、氮化铪颗粒、硅酸锆颗粒、硅橡胶颗粒和粘结剂熔剂混合，使得混合物中固相含量为40～50vol％；然后将混合物置于球磨机中进行球磨处理，得到陶瓷浆料；
步骤2）：使碳纤维、玄武岩纤维、石英纤维、碳化硅纤维中两种或两种以上分别置于陶瓷浆料中进行浸渍，得到纤维初料；
步骤3）：将各纤维初料进行编织，编织过程中向纤维之间的空隙中注入陶瓷浆料，编织结束得到纤维预制体；
步骤4）：将纤维预制体置于干燥环境中排除多余的粘结剂；
步骤5）：再将纤维预制体置于高温环境中进行烧结，得到耐磨抗腐蚀编织陶瓷复合材料。
进一步地，所述步骤2）中浸渍时在真空环境下进行超声分散使得浆料浸入纤维内部。
进一步地，所述纤维预制体的结构为三维正交、二维半、三维四向、三维五向或针刺结构中的一种。
本发明还提供了一种编织陶瓷制品，其由上述任一技术方案所述的耐磨抗腐蚀编织陶瓷复合材料制得。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有的有益效果是：
本发明的编织陶瓷复合材料包括纤维预制体骨架和通过粘结剂包覆在所述纤维预制体骨架上的陶瓷复合材料，其中纤维预制体骨架由碳纤维、玄武岩纤维、石英纤维、碳化硅纤维中两种或两种以上的复合而成，显著增强了编织陶瓷复合材料的强度、耐高温性、耐腐蚀性及耐磨性；此外，纤维预制体上粘结的陶瓷复合材料包括氧化铝颗粒、二氧化硅颗粒、氧化锡颗粒、三氧化钼颗粒、碳化硅颗粒、氮化铪颗粒、硅酸锆颗粒和硅橡胶颗粒，其中二氧化硅颗粒能够进一步增强编织陶瓷复合材料的耐磨性能，氧化锡颗粒能够增强编织陶瓷复合材料的抗静电性能，硅橡胶颗粒能够增强编织陶瓷复合材料的耐腐蚀性，并改善编织陶瓷复合材料的硬度，使编织陶瓷复合材料便于加工。因此本发明的编织陶瓷复合材料具有优异的耐磨、耐腐蚀性能，且制备成型过程较为简单、工期短，可大规模推广和产业化。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的耐磨抗腐蚀编织陶瓷复合材料及成型方法作进一步详细说明。
实施例1
一种耐磨抗腐蚀编织陶瓷复合材料的成型方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1）：将1份氧化铝颗粒、5份二氧化硅颗粒、1份氧化锡颗粒、2份三氧化钼颗粒、1份碳化硅颗粒、2份氮化铪颗粒、1份硅酸锆颗粒、5份硅橡胶颗粒和10份有机硼交联剂CY-2、5份硅溶胶和2份聚丙烯酸混合，使得混合物中固相含量为40vol％；然后将混合物置于球磨机中进行球磨处理，得到陶瓷浆料；
步骤2）：使碳纤维和玄武岩纤维中分别置于陶瓷浆料中真空环境下在超声分散条件下进行浸渍，超声频率为40Hz，得到纤维初料；
步骤3）：将各纤维初料进行三维正交编织，编织过程中向纤维之间的空隙中注入陶瓷浆料，编织结束得到纤维预制体；
步骤4）：将纤维预制体在150℃下干燥3h排除多余的粘结剂；
步骤5）：再将纤维预制体在900℃下烧结2h，得到耐磨抗腐蚀编织陶瓷复合材料。
实施例2
一种耐磨抗腐蚀编织陶瓷复合材料的成型方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1）：将2份氧化铝颗粒、3份二氧化硅颗粒、2份氧化锡颗粒、1份三氧化钼颗粒、2份碳化硅颗粒、1份氮化铪颗粒、2份硅酸锆颗粒、3份硅橡胶颗粒和20份有机硼交联剂CY-2、8份硅溶胶和2份聚丙烯酸混合，使得混合物中固相含量为44vol％；然后将混合物置于球磨机中进行球磨处理，得到陶瓷浆料；
步骤2）：使碳纤维和玄武岩纤维中分别置于陶瓷浆料中真空环境下在超声分散条件下进行浸渍，超声频率为40Hz，得到纤维初料；
步骤3）：将各纤维初料进行三维正交编织，编织过程中向纤维之间的空隙中注入陶瓷浆料，编织结束得到纤维预制体；
步骤4）：将纤维预制体在150℃下干燥3h排除多余的粘结剂；
步骤5）：再将纤维预制体在850℃下烧结2.2h，得到耐磨抗腐蚀编织陶瓷复合材料。
实施例3
一种耐磨抗腐蚀编织陶瓷复合材料的成型方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1）：将1.5份氧化铝颗粒、4份二氧化硅颗粒、1.8份氧化锡颗粒、1.5份三氧化钼颗粒、1.6份碳化硅颗粒、1.2份氮化铪颗粒、1.5份硅酸锆颗粒、4份硅橡胶颗粒和16份有机硼交联剂CY-2、10份铝溶胶和3份聚丙烯酸混合，使得混合物中固相含量为50vol％；然后将混合物置于球磨机中进行球磨处理，得到陶瓷浆料；
步骤2）：使碳纤维和玄武岩纤维中分别置于陶瓷浆料中真空环境下在超声分散条件下进行浸渍，超声频率为40Hz，得到纤维初料；
步骤3）：将各纤维初料进行三维正交编织，编织过程中向纤维之间的空隙中注入陶瓷浆料，编织结束得到纤维预制体；
步骤4）：将纤维预制体在150℃下干燥3h排除多余的粘结剂；
步骤5）：再将纤维预制体在800℃下烧结2.5h，得到耐磨抗腐蚀编织陶瓷复合材料。
以现有技术中的编织陶瓷复合材料作为对比例，对上述实施例制备的耐磨抗腐蚀编织陶瓷复合材料和对比例的编织陶瓷复合材料的强度、硬度、耐磨性能和耐腐蚀测试，测试结果如下表1所示。
现有技术中的编织陶瓷复合材料的断裂韧性一般为14-16MPa.m1/2，拉伸强度一般为60-150MPa，磨损量一般大于0.10cm3/(N·m)，20℃布氏硬度大于65，耐酸碱性一般，如对比例的编织陶瓷复合材料的测试数据所示；而通过上述测试结果可知，通过本发明的制备方法制得的编织陶瓷复合材料相对于对比例的普通编织陶瓷复合材料具有更优异的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性，且硬度得以改善，更适于加工。
最后应说明的是：以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种耐磨抗腐蚀编织陶瓷复合材料，其特征在于，包括纤维预制体骨架与通过粘结剂包覆在其上的陶瓷复合材料；所述陶瓷复合材料包括氧化铝颗粒、二氧化硅颗粒、氧化锡颗粒、三氧化钼颗粒、碳化硅颗粒、氮化铪颗粒、硅酸锆颗粒和硅橡胶颗粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐磨抗腐蚀编织陶瓷复合材料，其特征在于，所述纤维预制体骨架为碳纤维、玄武岩纤维、石英纤维、碳化硅纤维中两种或两种以上的复合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的耐磨抗腐蚀编织陶瓷复合材料，其特征在于，所述粘结剂的组分包括交联剂、稳定剂和分散剂，交联剂、稳定剂和分散剂的质量比为（5~10）:（5~10）:（1~2）。
4.根据权利要求3所述的耐磨抗腐蚀编织陶瓷复合材料，其特征在于，所述交联剂为有机硼交联剂；所述稳定剂为硅溶胶或铝溶胶；所述分散剂为聚丙烯酸。
5.根据权利要求1所述的耐磨抗腐蚀编织陶瓷复合材料，其特征在于，所述陶瓷复合材料中氧化铝颗粒、二氧化硅颗粒、氧化锡颗粒、三氧化钼颗粒、碳化硅颗粒、氮化铪颗粒、硅酸锆颗粒和硅橡胶颗粒的质量比为（1~2）：（3~5）：（1~2）：（1~2）：（1~2）：（1~2）：（1~2）：（3~5）。
6.一种权利要求1至5所述的耐磨抗腐蚀编织陶瓷复合材料的成型方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤1）：按照质量配比将氧化铝颗粒、二氧化硅颗粒、氧化锡颗粒、三氧化钼颗粒、碳化硅颗粒、氮化铪颗粒、硅酸锆颗粒、硅橡胶颗粒和粘结剂混合，使得混合物中固相含量为40～50vol％；然后将混合物置于球磨机中进行球磨处理，得到陶瓷浆料；
步骤2）：将纤维预制体骨架材料分别置于陶瓷浆料中进行浸渍，得到纤维初料；
步骤3）：将各纤维初料进行编织，编织过程中向纤维之间的空隙中注入陶瓷浆料，编织结束得到纤维预制体；
步骤4）：将纤维预制体置于干燥环境中排除多余的粘结剂；
步骤5）：再将纤维预制体置于高温环境中进行烧结，得到耐磨抗腐蚀编织陶瓷复合材料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的耐磨抗腐蚀编织陶瓷复合材料的成型方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2）中浸渍时在真空环境下进行超声分散使得浆料浸入纤维内部。
8.根据权利要求6所述的耐磨抗腐蚀编织陶瓷复合材料的成型方法，其特征在于，所述纤维预制体的结构为三维正交、二维半、三维四向、三维五向或针刺结构中的一种。
9.一种编织陶瓷制品，其特征在于，其由权利要求1至8所述的耐磨抗腐蚀编织陶瓷复合材料制得。
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Application publication date: 20190301