CN109399802B - A kind of construction method of wetland park artificial bird island structure - Google Patents
A kind of construction method of wetland park artificial bird island structure Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2203/00—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2203/006—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage details of construction, e.g. specially adapted seals, modules, connections
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of construction methods of wetland park artificial bird island structure, comprising: the outer profile of artificial bird island is transformed into zigzag, and meets artificial bird island perimeter area ratio PAR index more than or equal to 5% or more；Artificial bird island from-inner-to-outer is successively constructed into the area Zhu Dao, meadow area, phytal zone, middle profundal zone, profundal zone, and uses ecological revetment below flood level；Plantation magaphanerophytes, shrub plant, herbaceous plant, hygrophyte, water plant form the aquatic lateral plant intermediate zone of arbor-shrub-draft-humidogene-in the area Zhu Dao, meadow area, phytal zone, middle profundal zone, profundal zone；General Maintenance is carried out to the area Zhu Dao, meadow area, phytal zone, middle profundal zone, profundal zone implants.The present invention is the transformation to existing island, and integrated engineering amount is small, has the advantages that island shores range is wide, Habitat Types are more, effects of purification quality is good, ecoscape is good, improvement cost is low etc..
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ecological environment field, more particularly to a kind of construction method of wetland park artificial bird island structure,
It is especially suitable for the wetland park that the north has water and rain flood Regulation Function.
Background technique
Bird Island as a kind of habitat that birds are important, be birds look for food inhabit, the important place of activity and breeding.With
The mankind sharply reduce natural Devoting Major Efforts To Developing, natural environment quality decline, birds living space, threaten moving for wild birds
It moves, survive and multiplies, cause a variety of rare wild birds endangered.According to the United Nations's research project-" ecosystem in thousand
The result of study of assessment " shows in many threats that birds existence faces that the habitat of Studies on Avian Habitat is degenerated or destroyed to birds
Threat is the most serious, and global birds sum is made to reduce 25%.Therefore, restore Studies on Avian Habitat, provided for birds migrate it is logical
Road, existence and the ecological space of procreation are the important measure for protecting birds and current urgent problem to be solved.
In recent years, the research for being directed to Bird Island regulation is less, is concentrated mainly on artificial bird island construction, subregion etc..Example
Such as, the artificial bird island that one kind that notification number is CN107010178A can float up and down with the water surface, this method are logical by setting bottom plate
Excessive root steel-pipe pile is embedded in underwater mud layer, and bottom plate is equipped with multiple guide cylinders, it is ensured that island body is upper with water level fluctuation,
Lower floating, stability is preferable, to the adaptable of extreme weather；Notification number is a kind of urban wetland Bird Island of CN205249867U
Bird Island model is divided into sandy bare area area, plant species growing area and shale bare area area by model, this method, simulates birds ecosystem ring
Border；Notification number be CN106542639A the artificial ecology Bird Island suitable for Urban Parks lake, by construction shallow water mud bank area,
Emergent aquactic plant growing area, humidogene herbaceous plant growing area, arbor growing area, shoal area students from five types of universities border area are a variety of common water
Bird provides habitat.
But in actual design, above-mentioned Bird Island construction is relatively simple, and water level boundary, right needed for not fully considering all kinds of birds
Birds are unknown to food source plant, the analysis for inhabiting plant, and Bird Island edge and water surface contact area are limited.Therefore, how basis
The demand of different birds looks for food from island figure shape, water level, birds, builds a nest angularly to consider, using space as small as possible,
It is still a great problem that building, which meets the biological habitat of a variety of birds demands,.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is in view of the above problems, proposing a kind of construction method of wetland park artificial bird island structure, institute
State construction method by change island body edge shape increase Bird Island perimeter, increase with water surface contact range, construct be suitable for natatorial bird,
The wetland park Bird Island ecosystem that the various birds such as wader, terrestrial bird, song bird look for food, inhabit, breeding, from change Bird Island shape and
It is designed in terms of increase Bird Island Ecological heterogeneity two, and considers birds biological nature, landscape collocation, appreciation effect, using life
The design concept of state landscape attracts birds to come this and builds a nest, breeds.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of construction method of wetland park artificial bird island structure, the structures
Construction method includes:
A, the outer profile of artificial bird island is transformed into zigzag, and meets artificial bird island perimeter area ratio PAR index and is greater than
Or it is equal to 5% or more；
B, artificial bird island from-inner-to-outer is successively constructed into the area Zhu Dao, meadow area, phytal zone, middle profundal zone, profundal zone, and
Ecological revetment is used below flood level, the area Zhu Dao is the region higher than flood level, and the meadow area is ordinary water level and flood
Region between position, the phytal zone are the depth of water in the region of 0~0.3m, and the middle profundal zone is the depth of water 0.3~1.0m's
Region, the profundal zone are the region that the depth of water is greater than 1.0m, and the meadow area is by way of isolated planting, group planting or mass-planting on lawn
Centre building plant population's group forms plant pasture area；
C, in the area Zhu Dao, meadow area, phytal zone, middle profundal zone, profundal zone plant magaphanerophytes, shrub plant,
Herbaceous plant, hygrophyte, water plant form the aquatic lateral plant intermediate zone of arbor-shrub-draft-humidogene-；
D, General Maintenance is carried out to the area Zhu Dao, meadow area, phytal zone, middle profundal zone, profundal zone implants.
Preferably, the ecological revetment is formed using ecology bag multiple-level stack, is connected between ecology bag with nail-plate, and layering is rammed
Real, compacting degree is 0.85, the adverse slope of the basal layer setting 5% of the bottom of the ecological revetment, and the top layer of the ecological revetment is raw
It is pressed on state bag using clay rammer and 5% suitable slope is set.
Preferably, gravel or graded broken stone, the grain of the gravel or graded broken stone are packed into the ecology bag of the basal layer
Diameter is 2~5cm, is banketed in remaining ecology bag using permeable filling substrate.
Preferably, it is reliably connected when the basal layer applies with basis or cuttage dowel, the ecology bag epidermis vegetation is adopted
With mixed seeding, intercuts, sows grass seeds by duster or turfing mode.
Preferably, the magaphanerophytes of the area the Zhu Dao implants Imitation of natural plant associations, shrub plant, herbal cladding
Structure, the canopy density of the magaphanerophytes are divided into 5~10m, the shrub and dungarunga between 25~35%, the plantation of megaphanerophyte
Canopy density 50~80%, shrub plantation interval is 1~2m, is divided into 3~6m between the dungarunga plantation；The arbor
Plant include Chinese pine, Luan Shu, hall crabapple flower, Chinese scholar tree, Chinese tamarisk, silk tree, flowering peach, plane tree, Chinese catalpa, wintersweet, acer truncatum, paper mulberry,
Mulberry tree, wintersweet and/or dry land willow, the dungarunga plant include white flower mountain flowering peach, Fructus Corni, Amur honeysuckle and/or crape myrtle, the filling
Wood plant includes strongly fragrant Lonicera periclymenum, water Xun, three fork meadow sweets, nandina, North China false spiraea, multiflora rose, Ligustrum quihoui, barberry
And/or elder, the herbaceous plant include iris, white flower clover, eryuelan, by chrysanthemum, potentilla chinensis and/or radix polygonati officinalis.
Preferably, the gradient≤1:4 of the meadow area kind is implanted with poad, and rate of vegetation in the meadow area
Greater than 90%, the poad is Korea lawn grass and/or Festuca Arundinacea.
Preferably, the phytal zone gradient≤1:15, kind be implanted in the phytal zone reed, Lythrum salicaria, cattail and reed, calamus,
Scirpus tabernaemontani is wandered without a fixed dwelling and/or wild rice stem, and the rate of vegetation of the phytal zone is 40~60%, and the bottom of the phytal zone is equipped with thickness
Degree is the sandstone that 3~5cm and partial size are 2mm or so.
Preferably, the middle profundal zone gradient≤1:4 kind is implanted with leaf roomy very water, swims in the middle profundal zone
Plant, submerged plant, including lotus, water lily, floating heart, spatterdock, watermifoil and/or bog pondweed.
Preferably, the rate of vegetation in the middle profundal zone is subject to advantage birds in region；If Geese and Ducks are advantage
Birds, then rate of vegetation is set as 50~75%, ifWhen section is advantage birds, then rate of vegetation accounts for water surface ratio
Less than 30%.
Preferably, the profundal zone gradient≤1:4, the profundal zone kind are implanted with watermifoil, bog pondweed and/or black algae, institute
It states vegetation coverage in profundal zone and is set as 40~60%.
Based on the above-mentioned technical proposal, the invention has the advantages that
The construction method of wetland park artificial bird island structure of the invention is applicable to transformation or island to existing island
Newly-built, island habitat type is abundant after transformation, can attract a variety of birds, restores wetland park bio-diversity, constructs nature
Harmonious River Landscape, with island shores range is wide, Habitat Types are more, effects of purification quality is good, ecoscape is good, is transformed into
This low advantage, specific as follows:
1. the present invention considers that edge effect increases island by transforming status island shape as irregular zigzag
Small island perimeter increases island and water surface contact area, expands the foraging territories of birds, increases bio-diversity.
2. the present invention is constructed by the communities layer structures of the basic factors and habitat plant such as landform, plant, water source
The different habitat such as thick forest, sparse woods, shrub, grassy marshland, shoal, waters is suitble to a variety of birds such as natatorial bird, wader, scansorial birds, song bird raw
It deposits.
3. the present invention constructs arbor-aquatic composite construction phytobiocoenose of shrub-draft-humidogene-, plant is chosen
On consider the building a nest, look for food, protecting of birds, inhabit demand, it can be the habitat need for meeting a variety of birds that species richness is high
It asks.
4. the present invention uses ecology bag slope protection, the wetland park of 4m/s can be less than with suitable flow rate, while can effectively prevent
Only rain drop erosion can give full play to the pondage capacity of rainy season wetland park.Natural material can build mushy environment and keep
Land and water mass exchange.Porous environment is conducive to bank border soil and accommodates moisture, air, bacterium, microorganism, and such soil can be fish
The animals such as class, birds, amphibian animal provide the place looking for food, inhabit, taking refuge.
5. plant of the present invention is chosen based on Native species, have both purify water, the functions such as beautification of landscape, pass through different layers
It is secondary to configure naturally, focus on the timing variations of Aspection character, builds multicoloured ecoscape solid space.And it is selected in waters
Well developed root system plant is taken, has the effect of denitrogenating solid phosphorus, it can purifying river water water quality.
Detailed description of the invention
The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, constitutes part of this application, this hair
Bright illustrative embodiments and their description are used to explain the present invention, and are not constituted improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is artificial bird island structure outline schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is artificial bird island structural plan figure；
Fig. 3 is artificial bird island diagrammatic cross-section.
Specific embodiment
Below by drawings and examples, technical scheme of the present invention will be described in further detail.
The present invention provides a kind of construction methods of wetland park artificial bird island structure, as shown in FIG. 1 to 3, wherein showing
A kind of preferred embodiment of the invention is gone out.The present invention is bigger than common Bird Island water surface contact area, birds habitat is more
Sample has the advantages that Habitat Types enrich, suitable multiclass group birds existence is multiplied, the ecological value is high.
Bird Island flat shape is designed as irregular zigzag by the present invention, Different types of habitats is built on island, i.e.,
The area Zhu Dao, meadow area, phytal zone, the area Zhong Shen, profundal zone.Specifically, the construction method includes:
A, the outer profile of artificial bird island is transformed into zigzag, and meets artificial bird island perimeter area ratio PAR index and is greater than
Or it is equal to 5% or more；
B, artificial bird island from-inner-to-outer is successively constructed into the area Zhu Dao 1, meadow area 2, phytal zone 3, middle profundal zone 4, profundal zone
5, and ecological revetment 7 is used below flood level, the area Zhu Dao is the region higher than flood level, and the meadow area is ordinary water level
Region between flood level, the phytal zone are the depth of water in the region of 0~0.3m, the middle profundal zone is the depth of water 0.3~
The region of 1.0m, the profundal zone are the region that the depth of water is greater than 1.0m, and the meadow area is by way of isolated planting, group planting or mass-planting
Plant population's group is constructed among lawn forms plant pasture area；
C, magaphanerophytes, shrub are planted in the area Zhu Dao 1, meadow area 2, phytal zone 3, middle profundal zone 4, profundal zone 5
Plant, herbaceous plant, hygrophyte, water plant form the aquatic lateral plant intermediate zone of arbor-shrub-draft-humidogene-；
D, General Maintenance is carried out to the area Zhu Dao 1, meadow area 2, phytal zone 3, middle profundal zone 4,5 implants of profundal zone.
To expand artificial bird island and water surface contact area, enhances edge effect, increase birds foraging territories, by artificial bird island
Shape changes into zigzag by conventional oval in wetland park, and artificial bird island perimeter area ratio PAR index is preferably 5% or more,
Downstream, which should be avoided, there is slough simultaneously, is specifically shown in Fig. 1.Artificial bird island can be transformed by existing island or by artificial heap
Soil is formed, and to reduce human interference, if artificial bird island is less than 50m apart from bank, setting is enclosed on the bank at 50m other than artificial bird island
Column.
The artificial bird island has comprehensively considered requirement of the different birds to habitat, be divided into the area Ji Zhudao 1, meadow area 2,
Phytal zone 3, middle profundal zone 4, profundal zone 5.The area Zhu Dao 1 is the region higher than flood level, and meadow area 2 is ordinary water level and flood
Region between position, actual plane arrangement are shown in Fig. 2, and thick line is normal water line in figure.
From the point of view of section, as shown in figure 3, the depth of water of phytal zone 3 is 0~0.3m, the middle profundal zone depth of water is 0.3~1.0m,
Profundal zone is the region that the depth of water is greater than 1.0m.Vegetation focuses on lateral level on island, forms " arbor-shrub-draft-humidogene-water
The cross transition band of life ", and then effectively improve the landscape heterogeneity and ecological effect of wetland unit.
Artificial bird island gentle slope of the present invention enters water, uses ecology bag slope protection below flood level, can be suitable for flow velocity and be not more than
The wetland park for having Regulation Function of 4m/s.Ecological bagging should have the function of soil conservation, water penetration, anti-blocking, and have certain
Durability.
Preferably, the ecological revetment 7 is formed using ecology bag multiple-level stack, is connected between ecology bag with nail-plate, is layered
Compacting, compacting degree are 0.85, the adverse slope of the basal layer setting 5% of the bottom of the ecological revetment 7, the top of the ecological revetment 7
It is pressed on layer ecology bag using clay rammer and 5% suitable slope is set.Gravel or graded broken stone are packed into the ecology bag of the basal layer,
The partial size of the gravel or graded broken stone is 2~5cm, is banketed in remaining ecology bag using permeable filling substrate, is conducive to plant
Growth and there is good water penetration.
If banketing when need to mix chemical fertilizer, strict control fertilizer amount is answered, river water quality must not be influenced, filling soil should meet as far as possible
Optimum moisture content requirement.Basal layer should do 5% adverse slope antiskid, rammed and pressed using clay on top layer ecology bag, make 5% suitable slope
In favor of draining.When basal layer applies and basis is reliably connected or cuttage dowel, to avoid sliding.Preferably, the basal layer
Be reliably connected or cuttage dowel when applying with basis, the ecology bag epidermis vegetation using mixed seeding, intercut, sow grass seeds by duster or turfing side
Formula is realized.
The area Zhu Dao 1 is above the area of flood level, if artificial mound, the area Zhu Dao compactness is not less than 0.8, this region topography
Simulating natural environment is answered, it is as flat as possible, based on plant is planted with piece, Qiao, filling, the multilayer structure of grass and the shape of Imitation of natural plant associations
State forms multi-level space type, provides food source for birds such as terrestrial bird, song bird, scansorial birds, protects and space of nesting, is to inhabit
The most Habitat Types of birds.
Preferably, magaphanerophytes of the 1 implants Imitation of natural plant associations of the area Zhu Dao, shrub plant, herbal multiple
Layer structure, the canopy density of the magaphanerophytes are divided into 5~10m between 25~35%, the plantation of megaphanerophyte, mainly choose water-fast
Flood, ornamental value is high and birds can inhabit, build a nest, the tree species of feeding, may be selected Chinese pine, Luan Shu, hall crabapple flower, Chinese scholar tree, Chinese tamarisk,
Silk tree, flowering peach, plane tree, Chinese catalpa, wintersweet, acer truncatum, paper mulberry, mulberry tree, wintersweet, dry land willow etc..Select a variety of high megaphanerophytes mutual
It is mixed to hand over, the forest skeleton and spatial relationship in the area Zhu Dao 1 are formed, between the region that light is more sufficient, appropriate increasing planting tree
Away from.
For the canopy density of the shrub and dungarunga 50~80%, shrub plantation interval is 1~2m, the dungarunga
3~6m is divided between plantation；The dungarunga plant includes white flower mountain flowering peach, Fructus Corni, Amur honeysuckle and/or crape myrtle, the shrub
Plant include strongly fragrant Lonicera periclymenum, water Xun, three fork meadow sweets, nandina, North China false spiraea, multiflora rose, Ligustrum quihoui, barberry and/
Or elder, it selects the shrub of the different levels such as dungarunga, big shrub, middle undershrub reasonably combined, forms mutually nested filling
Wood is formed a team, and middle underwood space is enriched.
Herbal planting density is according to general plantation meter, such as 64 plants/m of iris2, 49 plants/m of eryuelan2, with resistance to water logging,
Based on ornamental value, may be selected iris, white flower clover, eryuelan, by chrysanthemum, potentilla chinensis and/or radix polygonati officinalis etc., mainly in hayashishita sky
Ground plantation.
Meadow area 2 is the area between flood level and ordinary water level, to guarantee to look for food range, the meadow area gradient not suddenly in
1:4.Preferably, the gradient≤1:4 of the meadow area kind is implanted with poad in the meadow area, and rate of vegetation is greater than
90%, the poad is Korea lawn grass and/or Festuca Arundinacea.By modes such as isolated planting, group planting, mass-plantings in lawn medium design one
The plant population's group for determining area forms different types of plant pasture area, can look for food for birds, hidden more have with stopping to provide
The condition of benefit.This area's water front is tortuous, and Ke Yi provides spawning place Wei Plovers snipe class, and meadow insect, mollusk, shellfish are more, have
It looks for food conducive to waders such as ardeidae, Ibis sections.
Phytal zone 3 is to be located at the region , Yi Plovers Scolopacidae of 0.3m or more under ordinary water level, the wader based on ardeidae, Ibis section, wild goose duck
Class natatorial bird looks for food in phytal zone, inhabites.The 3 phytal zone gradient of the phytal zone≤1:15, to stand convenient for wader, in no plant
The bottom of the phytal zone 3 in region is equipped with the sandstone that with a thickness of 3~5cm and partial size is 2mm or so.
It selects not only to have can be used as the emergent aquactic plant that blocks but also can be used as food in this region, rate of vegetation 40~
60%, planted with piece based on, and several small-sized internal security waters can be enclosed.Plant reed, Lythrum salicaria, cattail and reed, calamus, water
Green onion is wandered without a fixed dwelling and/or wild rice stem.
Middle profundal zone 4 be waters of the depth of water between 0.3~1.0m, stork, crane class large size wader, Anatidae,Section, Ti
Natatorial bird based on pelican section, looks for food in this area.Middle 4 gradients of the profundal zone≤1:4.Floating plant is imitated with preferable landscape
While fruit, certain coverage rate is formed in the water surface and is also beneficial to improve water quality.Rate of vegetation is with advantage birds in region
Standard, if Geese and Ducks are advantage birds, then rate of vegetation is 50~75%,When section is advantage birds, then rate of vegetation
Water surface ratio is accounted for less than 30%.Plantation in this region is based on leaf roomy very water, floating plant, submerged plant, selection
Lotus, water lily, floating heart, spatterdock, watermifoil and/or bog pondweed etc..
Profundal zone 5 is the region that the depth of water is greater than 1.0m, the gradient≤1:4.Anatidae,Natatorial bird based on section, Pelecanidae,
It is mainly movable in this area.In this region be Submerged plant communities mode, vegetation coverage be 40~60%, as watermifoil,
Bog pondweed, black algae etc..On the one hand submerged plant purifies water, on the other hand also provide food source for fish.
The present invention obtains the principle of above-mentioned technical effect are as follows:
Different birds be for the demand of habitat it is polynary, various Studies on Avian Habitat have differences, and existing island fail
Fully consider that the habitat of different birds requires.Artificial bird island structure of the invention carries out targetedly the environment of Studies on Avian Habitat
Adjustment and construction repair Ecosystem Food chain, improve water quality, building phytobiocoenose, remodeling island edge of a body of water water front, promote birds
Habitat suitable degree increases Avian diversity.In Studies on Avian Habitat construction, food, water, concealment are inhabited as birds
Key element plays conclusive effect.The present invention constructs the different habitats such as thick forest, sparse woods, shrubbery, waters, shoal, grassy marshland
The environment looking for food, build a nest, inhabiting is provided for birds such as natatorial bird, wader, song bird, scansorial birds, greatly increases the type and quantity of birds,
With extremely strong ecological functions.
Wetland park artificial bird island structure of the present invention is suitable for the transformation on existing island or island create, island after transformation
Habitat Types are abundant, can attract a variety of birds, restore river bio-diversity, construct the River Landscape of natural harmony, have
The advantages such as island shores range is wide, Habitat Types are more, effects of purification quality is good, ecoscape is good, improvement cost is low, specifically such as
Under:
1. the present invention considers that edge effect increases island by transforming status island shape as irregular zigzag
Small island perimeter increases island and water surface contact area, expands the foraging territories of birds, increases bio-diversity.
2. the present invention is constructed by the communities layer structures of the basic factors and habitat plant such as landform, plant, water source
The different habitat such as thick forest, sparse woods, shrub, shoal, grassy marshland, waters is suitble to a variety of birds such as natatorial bird, wader, scansorial birds, song bird raw
It deposits.
3. the present invention constructs arbor-aquatic composite construction phytobiocoenose of shrub-draft-humidogene-, plant is chosen
On consider the building a nest, look for food, protecting of birds, inhabit demand, it can be the habitat need for meeting a variety of birds that species richness is high
It asks.
4. the present invention uses ecology bag slope protection, the wetland park of 4m/s can be less than with suitable flow rate, while can effectively prevent
Only rain drop erosion can give full play to the pondage capacity of rainy season wetland park.Natural material can build mushy environment and keep
Land and water mass exchange.Porous environment is conducive to bank border soil and accommodates moisture, air, bacterium, microorganism, and such soil can be fish
The animals such as class, birds, amphibian animal provide the place looking for food, inhabit, taking refuge, are particularly suitable for the place of fish oviposition breeding.
5. plant of the present invention is chosen based on Native species, have both purify water, the functions such as beautification of landscape, pass through different layers
It is secondary to configure naturally, focus on the timing variations of Aspection character, builds multicoloured ecoscape solid space.And it is selected in waters
Well developed root system plant is taken, has the effect of denitrogenating solid phosphorus, it can purifying river water water quality.
Finally it should be noted that: the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical scheme of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof；To the greatest extent
The present invention is described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments for pipe, it should be understood by those ordinary skilled in the art that: still
It can modify to a specific embodiment of the invention or some technical features can be equivalently replaced；Without departing from this hair
The spirit of bright technical solution should all cover within the scope of the technical scheme claimed by the invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of construction method of wetland park artificial bird island structure, it is characterised in that: the construction method includes:
A, the outer profile of artificial bird island is transformed into zigzag, and meets artificial bird island perimeter area ratio PAR index and is greater than or waits
In 5% or more；
B, artificial bird island from-inner-to-outer is successively constructed into the area Zhu Dao (1), meadow area (2), phytal zone (3), middle profundal zone (4), depth
Pool (5), and ecological revetment (7) are used below flood level, the area Zhu Dao is the region higher than flood level, the meadow area
Region between ordinary water level and flood level, the phytal zone are the depth of water in the region of 0~0.3m, and the middle profundal zone is the depth of water
In the region of 0.3~1.0m, the profundal zone is the region that the depth of water is greater than 1.0m, and the meadow area passes through isolated planting, group planting or group
The mode of plant constructs plant population's group among lawn and forms plant pasture area, and the ecological revetment (7) uses ecology bag single layer heap
It is folded to be formed, it is connected between ecology bag with nail-plate, compacting degree is 0.85, the basal layer setting 5% of the bottom of the ecological revetment (7)
Adverse slope, rammed using clay on the top layer ecology bag of the ecological revetment (7) press and be arranged 5% suitable slope, the basal layer
The partial size of loading gravel or graded broken stone in ecology bag, the gravel or graded broken stone is 2~5cm, is banketed in remaining ecology bag
Using permeable filling substrate, when the basal layer applies and basis is reliably connected or cuttage dowel, the ecology bag epidermis vegetation
Using mixed seeding, intercuts, sows grass seeds by duster or turfing mode；
C, plantation arbor is planted in the area Zhu Dao (1), meadow area (2), phytal zone (3), middle profundal zone (4), profundal zone (5)
Object, shrub plant, herbaceous plant, hygrophyte, water plant form arbor-aquatic lateral plant of shrub-draft-humidogene-
Intermediate zone；
D, the area Zhu Dao (1), meadow area (2), phytal zone (3), middle profundal zone (4), profundal zone (5) implants are carried out conventional
Maintenance.
2. construction method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the area Zhu Dao (1) the implants Imitation of natural plant associations
Magaphanerophytes, shrub plant, herbal multilayer structure, the canopy density of the magaphanerophytes are 25~35%, megaphanerophyte
Plantation between be divided into 5~10m, the canopy density of the shrub and dungarunga 50~80%, shrub plantation interval for 1~
2m is divided into 3~6m between the dungarunga plantation；The magaphanerophytes include Chinese pine, Luan Shu, hall crabapple flower, Chinese scholar tree, Chinese tamarisk, conjunction
Vigorously, flowering peach, plane tree, Chinese catalpa, wintersweet, acer truncatum, paper mulberry, mulberry tree, wintersweet and/or dry land willow, the dungarunga plant includes white
Flower mountain flowering peach, Fructus Corni, Amur honeysuckle and/or crape myrtle, the shrub plant include strongly fragrant Lonicera periclymenum, water Xun, three fork meadow sweets, south
Nandina, North China false spiraea, multiflora rose, Ligustrum quihoui, barberry and/or elder, the herbaceous plant include iris, three leaf of white flower
Grass, eryuelan, by chrysanthemum, potentilla chinensis and/or radix polygonati officinalis.
3. construction method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the gradient≤1:4 of the meadow area, the meadow area
Interior kind is implanted with poad, and rate of vegetation is greater than 90%, and the poad is Korea lawn grass and/or Festuca Arundinacea.
4. construction method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: phytal zone (3) phytal zone gradient≤2:1, institute
It states plantation reed in phytal zone (3), Lythrum salicaria, cattail and reed, calamus, Scirpus tabernaemontani, wander without a fixed dwelling and/or wild rice stem, the plant of the phytal zone (3)
Coverage rate is 40~60%, and the bottom of the phytal zone (3) is equipped with the sandstone that with a thickness of 3~5cm and partial size is 2mm or so.
5. construction method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: middle profundal zone (4) gradient≤2:1, it is described in
Kind be implanted with leaf roomy very water, floating plant, submerged plant in profundal zone (4), including lotus, water lily, floating heart, spatterdock,
Watermifoil and/or bog pondweed.
6. construction method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: rate of vegetation in the middle profundal zone (4) with
In region subject to advantage birds；If Geese and Ducks are advantage birds, rate of vegetation is set as 50~75%, ifSection is
When advantage birds, then rate of vegetation accounts for water surface ratio less than 30%.
7. construction method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: profundal zone (5) gradient≤2:1, the deep water
Interior kind of area (5) is implanted with watermifoil, bog pondweed and/or black algae, and vegetation coverage is set as 40~60% in the profundal zone (5).
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| CN109874630A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-06-14 | 重庆大学 | Ecological draft plants landscape configures and in ground implantation methods |
| CN110963579A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-04-07 | 上海市园林工程有限公司 | Constructed wetland construction method based on water level gradient and plant fusion |
| CN111134043B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2022-07-26 | 南大（常熟）研究院有限公司 | Ou-type breeding island construction method |
| CN111869360A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2020-11-03 | 上海应用技术大学 | Terrace type garden terrain for rainwater utilization and building method thereof |
| CN114853175B (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2023-08-01 | 东莞市生态环保研究院有限公司 | Comprehensive ecological restoration method for water, soil and air environmental pollution |
| CN113931152A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-01-14 | 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 | Method for constructing artificial ecological bird island in urban park |
| CN114982613B (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2023-12-22 | 江西省空间生态建设有限公司 | Ecological construction system of rural water bank landscape |
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| CN105908987A (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2016-08-31 | 内蒙古启原文物古建筑修缮工程有限责任公司 | Ecological reinforcement composite material used for historical site protection project and construction method thereof |
| CN106245576B (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2020-12-01 | 上海市苏沃生态农业科技有限公司 | Large-scale river, lake and sea near-shore wetland transformation method |
| CN106542639A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-03-29 | 上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 | Suitable for the artificial ecology Bird Island in Urban Parks lake |
| CN208039211U (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-11-02 | 亿利首建生态科技有限公司 | The artificial Bird Island system in salt-soda soil |
| CN108739116B (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2020-11-13 | 北京东方利禾景观设计有限公司 | Ecological buffering of shore area structure with compound efficiency |
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