CN109389285B - Product chemical footprint accounting method based on regional toxicity pressure index - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a product chemical footprint accounting method based on regional toxicity pressure index, and a chemical footprint capable of reflecting the regional environmental influence degree of a product is obtained. The method comprises the following steps: defining product chemical footprints and constructing an accounting model thereof to obtain the emission amount of chemical pollutants of a product to be accounted and corresponding toxicity characterization factors thereof; the second part is to provide a regional toxicity pressure index and an evaluation model thereof and obtain a natural background chemical footprint of the region; and the third part is to construct a product chemical footprint accounting method based on the regional toxicity pressure index. The invention can reflect the influence of the same industrial production activity on human health and an ecological environment system in the unavailable area, and solves the problem that the footprint accounting results of chemicals are difficult to compare when the same product is produced and processed in different areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of pollutant detection of chemical products, and relates to a product chemical footprint accounting method based on a regional toxicity pressure index.
Background
Chemicals are important input in industrial production of products, but the use and discharge of the chemicals cause serious ecological environmental pollution, and the chemicals are listed as one of global important environmental problems influencing the survival and development of human beings by united nations. China is a large country for producing and consuming toxic and harmful dangerous chemicals, and regional, structural and layout environmental risks are increasingly prominent. Therefore, it is urgent to perform accounting and evaluation for environmental impact of chemical use and discharge.
The Chemical footprint (Chemical footprint, ChF) was derived from an ecological footprint, proposed by Panko and Hitchcock in 2011. The concept and connotation of chemical footprints mainly includes toxicity stress, environmental space occupation and quality class 3. The expression form of toxicity pressure represents the influence of discharged chemicals on an ecosystem and human health within a certain time and a certain space volume from the perspective of the bearing capacity of the ecosystem; the expression form of the environmental space occupation is to quantify and evaluate the resource occupied by diluting the chemical emission to the concentration harmless to the environment from the perspective of the environmental space capacity; the expression form of quality is to count the amount of harmful substance components of the product in the life cycle and the potential risks to human beings and the ecosystem from the viewpoint of the life cycle of the product. Specifically, the chemical footprint of the product mainly means that the influence of the use and discharge of chemicals on an ecosystem and the health of a human body, including a human toxicity footprint and an ecotoxicity footprint, of a unit mass of the product in a certain time and a certain space volume from the perspective of the bearing capacity of the ecosystem, and the environmental load of the chemicals for production and related activities in the life cycle of the product is revealed.
In the current chemical pollution research field, preliminary accounting is mainly performed on different layers of products, tissues, regions and the like based on a USEtox model, namely the product of the emission quality of related pollutants and the characteristic factors of the USEtox model corresponding to the emission quality of the related pollutants is expressed as a human toxicity footprint and an ecological toxicity footprint. The industrial production and processing of the same product can be carried out in different areas, and the background of the natural environment of the chemical pollutants in different areas often has difference, so that the chemical footprint accounting results of the products produced and processed in different areas are difficult to compare and evaluate, and the environmental influence of the use and discharge of chemicals in the production and processing process of the products cannot be reflected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a product chemical footprint accounting method based on regional toxicity pressure indexes, aiming at the defects of the existing accounting method, the product chemical footprint accounting method is combined with the regional toxicity pressure indexes for accounting, and the product chemical footprints which can reflect the production of a certain product in a specific region are obtained and compared.
In order to solve the technical problems, the following technical scheme is adopted:
the product chemical footprint accounting method based on the regional toxicity pressure index is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) defining product chemical footprints and constructing an accounting model thereof:
the product chemical footprint is characterized by the potential toxic effect of chemicals discharged by a production unit on human health and an ecosystem within a certain time and a certain space volume from the perspective of the bearing capacity of the ecosystem.
1.1, using a USEtox model as a database, searching human toxicity characteristic factors and ecological toxicity characteristic factors corresponding to the pollutants, and constructing a toxicity characteristic factor list;
1.2 accounting for the annual chemical footprint ChF of the enterprise;
(2) defining a Regional Toxicity Stress Index (RTSI) and constructing an evaluation model thereof:
RTSI is used to express the degree of environmental impact of a particular year in a particular industrial activity in different areas. Under the condition that the product chemical footprint is not changed, the larger the natural background chemical footprint value is, the smaller the influence degree of industrial production activities on human health and an ecological system in a specific area is; conversely, the greater the regional impact;
2.1, using the USEtox model as a database, searching corresponding chemical pollutant toxicity characteristic factors, and calculating natural background chemical footprints ChF of the s yearB；
2.2, calculating the regional toxicity pressure index RTSI of the product c produced in the s year according to the calculation result of the step 2.1S；
(3) Constructing a product chemical footprint accounting method under the regional toxicity pressure based on the regional toxicity pressure index: the calculation was performed using equation 4:
ChFq＝ChFc×RTSIs-formula 4
Wherein, ChFqChF, a product chemical under regional toxic pressurecIs the chemical footprint of product c.
Preferably, in step 1.1, before the database is established, a production process and a pollution discharge node of the chemical to be calculated are collected, and a list of pollutant emission amount of the chemical is made according to the production process and the pollution discharge node.
Preferably, the specific accounting step in step 1.2 is: the annual chemical footprint of the enterprise is accounted for ChF using equation 1:
wherein ChF is chemical footprint of product, and has unit of cases (human toxicity footprint) or PAF.m3Day (ecotoxic footprint); f is a conversion correction coefficient of the characteristic factor of the USEtox model and the chemical footprint characteristic factor, the value is 290, and the USEtox model is dimensionless; CF (compact flash)iA toxicity characterization factor for contaminant i of the product chemical into the environmental medium; eiThe mass of the pollutant i discharged into the environment medium is kg; n is the type of the environmental medium.
Preferably, before the database is established in the step 2.1, a production area is selected, and the discharge amount of the chemical pollutants in the production area specified in s years is obtained by taking "Chinese environmental statistics annual newspaper" in s years as a basic data source.
Preferably, the specific calculation steps in step 2.1 are: calculate the natural background chemical footprint for year s ChF using equation 2B：
Wherein i is the ith pollutant and the total number is l; n is the nth year before the current year, and the total number of years is j; x is the x-th environment medium, and the total number is k; p is pollutant of the p category, 1 represents industrial pollution discharge, and 2 represents domestic pollution discharge;
the i-th pollutant degradation rate of the product emission is expressed by y-1；mpniRepresenting the amount of pollutant i emitted by p classes of pollutants in the nth year; f represents a conversion correction factor of the characteristic factor of the USEtox model and the chemical footprint characteristic factor, the value is 290, and the conversion correction factor is dimensionless; CF (compact flash)iA toxicity characterization factor indicative of the i < th > contaminant;
preferably, the specific calculation steps in step 2.2 are: calculating the regional toxicity pressure index RTSI of the designated production region by means of equation 3 based on the calculation result of step 2.1S：
Wherein, ChFcIs the chemical footprint of product c; ChFBIs the natural background chemical footprint of year s.
Preferably, said annual degradation rate in said step 2.1
Expressed as formula 5:
wherein, kdegwIs the rate of degradation of substance i per second at a temperature of 25 ℃ at standard atmospheric pressure.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the method has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides and defines a basic concept of regional toxicity pressure index RWT (regional toxicity pressure index) aiming at the problem that chemical footprints are difficult to account and compare when the industrial production of products is influenced by the background of natural environments in different regions, and the basic concept is used as a quantitative index for influencing the product chemical footprints due to the difference of production regions, a product chemical footprint accounting and evaluating model based on the regional toxicity pressure index is constructed, and the invention aims to obtain relatively objective and scientific product chemical footprints through accounting so as to realize comparison of chemical environmental loads and further reduce the problem of chemical pollution caused by production.
The method provided by the invention brings the influence of the difference of the production areas on the product chemical footprints into the accounting of the chemical footprints, can reflect the different influences generated by carrying out the same industrial production activity in different areas, and solves the problem that the product chemical footprints in different production areas are difficult to compare.
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The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a production process and a contamination node;
Detailed Description
The product chemical footprint accounting method based on the regional toxicity pressure index comprises the following steps:
(1) defining product chemical footprints and constructing an accounting model thereof:
the product chemical footprint is characterized by the potential toxic effect of chemicals discharged by a production unit on human health and an ecosystem within a certain time and a certain space volume from the perspective of the bearing capacity of the ecosystem.
1.1, firstly, collecting the production process and the pollution discharge node of the chemical to be checked, and making a list of pollutant discharge amount of the chemical according to the production process and the pollution discharge node; using the USEtox model as a database, searching human toxicity characteristic factors and ecological toxicity characteristic factors corresponding to the pollutants, and constructing a toxicity characteristic factor list;
1.2 accounting the annual chemical footprint ChF of the enterprise, using formula 1 to account the annual chemical footprint ChF of the enterprise:
wherein ChF is chemical footprint of product, and has unit of cases (human toxicity footprint) or PAF.m3Day (ecotoxic footprint); f is a conversion correction coefficient of the characteristic factor of the USEtox model and the chemical footprint characteristic factor, the value is 290, and the USEtox model is dimensionless; CF (compact flash)iA toxicity characterization factor for contaminant i of the product chemical into the environmental medium; eiThe mass of the pollutant i discharged into the environment medium is kg; n is the type of the environmental medium.
(2) Defining a Regional Toxicity Stress Index (RTSI) and constructing an evaluation model thereof:
RTSI is used to express the degree of environmental impact of a particular year in a particular industrial activity in different areas. Under the condition that the product chemical footprint is not changed, the larger the natural background chemical footprint value is, the smaller the influence degree of industrial production activities on human health and an ecological system in a specific area is; conversely, the greater the regional impact;
2.1, firstly, selecting a production area, and obtaining the discharge amount of chemical pollutants in the specified production area in s years by taking 'Chinese environmental statistics annual newspaper' as a basic data source; using the USEtox model as a database, searching corresponding chemical pollutant toxicity characteristic factors, and calculating natural background chemical footprints ChF of the s yearBCalculate the natural background chemical footprint for year s using equation 2 ChFB：
Wherein i is the ith pollutant and the total number is l; n is the nth year before the current year, and the total number of years is j; x is the x-th environment medium, and the total number is k; p is pollutant of the p category, 1 represents industrial pollution discharge, and 2 represents domestic pollution discharge;
the i-th pollutant degradation rate of the product emission is expressed by y-1；mpniRepresenting the amount of pollutant i emitted by p classes of pollutants in the nth year; f represents a conversion correction factor of the characteristic factor of the USEtox model and the chemical footprint characteristic factor, the value is 290, and the conversion correction factor is dimensionless; CF (compact flash)iA toxicity characterization factor indicative of the i < th > contaminant;
wherein the annual degradation rate
Expressed as formula 5:
wherein, kdegwIs the rate of degradation of substance i per second at a temperature of 25 ℃ at standard atmospheric pressure.
2.2, calculating the regional toxicity pressure index RTSI of the product c produced in the s year according to the calculation result of the step 2.1SCalculating the regional toxicity pressure index RTSI of a given production region by means of equation 3S：
Wherein, ChFcIs the chemical footprint of product c; ChFBIs the natural background chemical footprint of year s.
(3) Constructing a product chemical footprint accounting method under the regional toxicity pressure based on the regional toxicity pressure index: the calculation was performed using equation 4:
ChFq＝ChFc×RTSIs-formula 4
Wherein, ChFqChF, a product chemical under regional toxic pressurecIs the chemical footprint of product c.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples:
a certain printing and dyeing enterprise is a product chemical footprint research object, and A, B, C Mitsu provinces are selected as three production areas to display the influence of regional differences on product chemical footprints.
The major production cases of this company: the product mainly takes high-grade cotton and linen dyed and printed garment fabric as main raw material, cotton and linen grey cloth as main raw material, reactive dye coating dye liquid caustic soda and auxiliary material as auxiliary material, and the yield is 7000 kilometers per year. The production process mainly comprises three working procedures of pretreatment, dyeing or printing, after finishing and the like. The pretreatment comprises blank sorting, singeing, desizing and mercerizing; and after finishing, dividing into product shaping, finished product preshrinking, finished product inspection and packaging. In detail, see figure 1 for production process and pollution discharge node.
Step (1)
1.1 fig. 1 shows the production process and the pollution discharge node of the enterprise, from which a list of the discharge of chemical pollutants in kg is made. Using a USEtox model as a database to search human toxicity characteristic factors corresponding to pollutants, wherein the unit is cases/kg and the unit is ecological toxicity characteristic factor, and the unit is PAF.m3Day/kg, constructing a toxicity characterization factor list;
1.2 the annual chemical footprint of the business is accounted for by equation 1.
The results were: human toxicity footprint 3.21 x 101cases/7000 kilometers; ecotoxicity footprint 1.82 x 1011PAF·m3Day/7000 kilometers.
Step (2)
2.1 selecting A, B, C three provinces as three production areas, and taking 'annual report of Chinese environmental statistics' as a basic data source to obtain the discharge amount of chemical pollutants of the three provinces of 20 x years; and (4) taking the USEtox model as a database, and searching for corresponding chemical pollutant toxicity characteristic factors. The natural background chemical footprint was calculated from equation 2 and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Natural background chemical footprints of three provinces
2.2 combining the results of Table 1 and the first part, the regional toxicity stress index of A, B, C Mic was calculated from formula 3, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 2
TABLE 2 regional toxicity stress index
Step (3)
The product chemical footprints based on regional toxicity stress are calculated from formula 4 in conjunction with the data in table 2 and the results are shown in table 3.
ChFq＝ChFc×RTSIs-formula 4
TABLE 3 chemical footprint under regional toxic stress
By way of example calculations, it can be seen that product chemical footprint calculations based on regional toxicity stress indices can reflect different effects on human health and ecological environment of performing the same production activities in different regions.
The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any simple changes, equivalent substitutions or modifications made on the basis of the present invention to solve the same technical problems and achieve the same technical effects are all covered in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The product chemical footprint accounting method based on the regional toxicity pressure index is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) defining product chemical footprints and constructing an accounting model thereof:
1.1, using a USEtox model as a database basis, searching human toxicity characteristic factors and ecological toxicity characteristic factors corresponding to pollutants, and constructing a toxicity characteristic factor list;
1.2 accounting for the annual chemical footprint ChF of the enterprise; the specific accounting steps are as follows: the annual chemical footprint of the enterprise is accounted for ChF using equation 1:
wherein ChF is chemical footprint of product, and the unit is human toxicity footprint of cases or PAF.m3Day ecotoxicity footprint; f is the conversion correction coefficient of the characteristic factor of the USEtox model and the chemical footprint characteristic factorThe value is 290, dimensionless; CF (compact flash)iA toxicity characterization factor for contaminant i of the product chemical into the environmental medium; eiThe mass of the pollutant i discharged into the environment medium is kg; n is the type of the environmental medium;
(2) defining a regional toxicity pressure index and constructing an evaluation model thereof, which comprises the following specific steps:
2.1, using the USEtox model as a database basis, searching corresponding chemical pollutant toxicity characteristic factors, and calculating natural background chemical footprints ChF of the s yearB(ii) a The specific calculation steps are as follows: calculate the natural background chemical footprint for year s ChF using equation 2B：
Wherein i is the ith pollutant and the total number is l; n is the nth year before the current year, and the total number of years is j; x is the x-th environment medium, and the total number is k; p is pollutant of the p category, 1 represents industrial pollution discharge, and 2 represents domestic pollution discharge;
the i-th pollutant degradation rate of the product emission is expressed by y-1；mpxiRepresenting the amount of pollutant i emitted by p classes of pollutants at the x year; f represents a conversion correction factor of the characteristic factor of the USEtox model and the chemical footprint characteristic factor, the value is 290, and the conversion correction factor is dimensionless; CF (compact flash)iA toxicity characterization factor indicative of the i < th > contaminant;
2.2, calculating the regional toxicity pressure index RTSI of the product c produced in the s year according to the calculation result of the step 2.1S(ii) a The specific calculation steps are as follows: calculating the regional toxicity pressure index RTSI of the designated production region by means of equation 3 based on the calculation result of step 2.1S：
Wherein, ChFcIs the chemical footprint of product c; ChFBIs the natural background chemical footprint of the year s;
(3) constructing a product chemical footprint accounting method under the regional toxicity pressure based on the regional toxicity pressure index: the calculation was performed using equation 4:
ChFq＝ChFc×RTSIs-formula 4
Wherein, ChFqChF, a product chemical under regional toxic pressurecIs the chemical footprint of product c.
2. The regional toxicity pressure index-based product chemical footprint accounting method of claim 1, wherein: before the step 1.1, firstly, collecting the production process and the pollution discharge node of the chemical to be calculated, and making a list of the pollutant discharge amount of the chemical according to the production process and the pollution discharge node.
3. The regional toxicity pressure index-based product chemical footprint accounting method of claim 1, wherein: before the step 2.1, firstly, a production area is selected, and the discharge amount of chemical pollutants in the specified production area in s years is obtained by taking 'Chinese environmental statistics annual newspaper' in s years as a basic data source.
4. The regional toxicity pressure index-based product chemical footprint accounting method of claim 1, wherein: degradation rate of the i-th pollutant in the step 2.1
Expressed as formula 5:
wherein, kdegwIs the rate of degradation of substance i per second at a temperature of 25 ℃ at standard atmospheric pressure.
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