CN109387799A - Pulsating electronic paramagnetic resonance spectrometer - Google Patents
Pulsating electronic paramagnetic resonance spectrometer Download PDFInfo
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- 230000005298 paramagnetic effect Effects 0.000 title description 12
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000004435 EPR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002887 superconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910003336 CuNi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 36
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/60—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using electron paramagnetic resonance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N24/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects
- G01N24/10—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects by using electron paramagnetic resonance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
- G01R33/30—Sample handling arrangements, e.g. sample cells, spinning mechanisms
- G01R33/31—Temperature control thereof
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Abstract
一种脉冲式电子顺磁共振谱仪，包括：产生至少一种微波脉冲的微波激励产生单元；微波传导单元，包括谐振腔和传输微波的微波传输线，所述微波传输线连接于微波激励产生单元和谐振腔之间，所述谐振腔配置为置放样品；制冷机及磁体单元，包括对微波谐振腔实现超低温冷却的制冷机，所微波传输线设置为穿过所述制冷机并连接所述谐振腔；制冷机及磁体单元还包括提供达到所述样品磁共振测试磁场的磁体，所述谐振腔设置于磁体的室温间隙中。本公开的装置具有超低样品温度(0.1开尔文量级)的特点，并且仪器功能齐全，易于操作。
A pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer, comprising: a microwave excitation generating unit for generating at least one microwave pulse; a microwave conduction unit, including a resonant cavity and a microwave transmission line for transmitting microwaves, the microwave transmission line being connected to the microwave excitation generating unit in harmony Between the resonator cavities, the resonator cavity is configured to place the sample; the refrigerator and the magnet unit include a refrigerator that realizes ultra-low temperature cooling for the microwave resonant cavity, and the microwave transmission line is set to pass through the refrigerator and connect the resonant cavity. ; The refrigerator and the magnet unit also include a magnet for providing the magnetic resonance test magnetic field to the sample, and the resonant cavity is arranged in the room temperature gap of the magnet. The device of the present disclosure has the characteristics of ultra-low sample temperature (on the order of 0.1 Kelvin), and the instrument is fully functional and easy to operate.
Description
Technical field
This disclosure relates to nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer field, more particularly to a kind of pulsating electronic that can be worked under ultra low temperature
Paramagnetic resonance spectrometer.
Background technique
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer (electron paramagnetic resonance, EPR) is in a kind of research substance
The device of unpaired electron.Its basic principle is the Zeemen effect for sharing electron spin: Single Electron has s=1/2
Spin quantum number, therefore may be at ms=+1/2 or ms=-1/2 spin quantum state, when there are external magnetic field, both spins
The energy of state will generate splitting.Further apply the resonance signal that microwave field detects the engery level cracking, substance system can be obtained
The internal information of system, including nuclear species class, magnetic field environment, the electron spin spacing etc. around electronics.
EPR is a kind of highly sensitive, non-intrusion type detection method, a variety of in physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, engineering etc.
Field has a wide range of applications.Some typical purposes include impurity or the defect inspection of engineering and security fields for material
For being used for dose of radiation for imaging of tissue, medical domain in element-specific quantitative analysis, biological field in surveying, chemically reacting
Quantitative analysis, in Condensed Matter Physics in the association of more bodies, the research of Phase-change Problems and quantum information field for realizing
The functions such as quantum calculation and quantum storage.
Standard EPR system mainly comprises the following modules: microwave source, microwave pulse modulation and demodulation module, microwave amplifier,
Microwave bridge, specimen holder, three-dimensional microwave resonant cavity, super uniform magnet.When the impinging microwave of EPR system is continuous wave, this company
Continuous wave EPR system is only used for the detection of transition resonance signal.The impinging microwave of EPR system may be set to be complicated microwave pulse
Sequence, this pulsed EPR system function can more horn of plenty, can be used for Spin population number service life and relevant service life etc. it is other from
Spin dynamics analysis.By taking the application in quantum information field as an example, the prior art often generally requires pulsed EPR system, thus
Realize spin quantum state manipulation, the storage of controlled Quantum logic gates, microwave quantum state etc. function.
Mainly there is the BRUKER company of Germany in the producer for being able to produce pulsed EPR system in the world at present.Consider solid
The EPR of material is analyzed, and for cooling material internal electron-phonon interaction, is typically necessary low temperature environment.It is commercial at present
The minimum sample temperature that EPR system can reach is about 3K.But this temperature is unable to satisfy quantum information field to solid appearance
The demand in dry service life.For a typical example, rare earth ion doped crystal is realized to single photon quantum state in recent years
High fidelity storage is the quantum storage system with practical potentiality.Its storage life finally limit be ion electronics
The relevant service life of spin and nuclear spin.A kind of pulsed EPR system of the prior art, analyzes it as the result is shown with temperature
Decline, sample Electron Spin and nuclear spin are concerned with the service life as temperature declines, significantly rise.When reaching, the system is minimum
When temperature 5K, the sample Electron Spin core nuclear spin relevant service life respectively reaches 0.1ms and 1ms magnitude
[Phys.Rev.Lett.114.170503(2015)].However practical quantum memory generally requires the storage longevity of second-time
Life.The longer relevant service life can be obtained by continuing to reduce the sample temperature in the experiment obviously, however the study group has no idea
Further data are done, reason is exactly that current all commercialization EPR systems can not reach 3K or less warm area.International academic community is even deposited
In a kind of universal view, it is believed that the EPR system of three-dimensional resonance device can not reach 3K or less sample temperature.Such as document
[Appl.Phys.Lett.106.193505 (2015)] have explicitly pointed out this point in first page second segment.If using passing
The then cooling easy to accomplish of the resonant cavity of defeated line style, but the alternating current magnetic field that this resonant cavity generates only is distributed in tens near transmission line
To the range scale of several hundred micron dimensions, which acutely decays with distance change, the disadvantage is that sample scale it is limited and
Uniformity of magnetic field is very poor.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the disclosure is to be to provide a kind of electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer, sample temperature reaches 0.1K
Magnitude and the various test functions for having conventional electrical paramagnetic resonance spectrometer.
The disclosure provides a kind of pulsating electronic paramagnetic resonance spectrometer, comprising:
The microwave excitation for generating at least one microwave pulse generates unit；
Microwave transmission unit, the microwave transmission line including resonant cavity and transmission microwave, the microwave transmission line is connected to micro-
Wave excitation generates between unit resonant cavity, and the cavity configurations are to put sample；
Refrigeration machine and magnet unit, including realizing the cooling refrigeration machine of 0.1 Kelvin's magnitude ultralow temperature to microwave cavity,
The resonant cavity is set in the refrigeration machine, and institute's microwave transmission line is set as penetrating the refrigeration machine and is connected to the resonance
Chamber；Refrigeration machine and magnet unit further include the magnet for providing up magnetic resonance test magnetic field, the resonant cavity setting
In the room temperature gap of magnet.
In a further embodiment, the microwave transmission unit includes sample inserted link, sample inserted link one end peace
Equipped with the resonant cavity, the other end is fixed with the refrigeration machine.
In a further embodiment, the refrigeration machine includes cold across the multilayer of direction setting along microwave transmission line
Disk, with cooled microwave transmission line step by step.
In a further embodiment, the microwave cavity be include L, more kinds of service bands of S, X and electronics with
The microwave cavity of core double resonance.
In a further embodiment, the conducting medium of the microwave transmission line be silver-plated stainless steel, silver-plated CuNi with
And NbTi superconductor.
In a further embodiment, the refrigeration machine and magnet unit further include:
Motorized rails, the guide rail is for carrying and positioning the magnet.
In a further embodiment, the refrigeration machine tail end is cylinder, and the compatible magnet gap of outer diameter is described
The compatible resonant cavity of the machine tail end internal diameter that freezes.
In a further embodiment, the microwave transmission line installs heat sink and adapter at cold dishes at different levels with abundant
The shell and inner core of cooled microwave transmission line cable.
In a further embodiment, the sample inserted link includes thermal conductive metallic material.
In a further embodiment, heat radiation screening housing is installed outside the cold dishes at different levels.
EPR system is cooperated into refrigeration machine and microwave transmission line it can be seen from above-mentioned technical solution provided by the present disclosure
Set-up mode, can obtain the sample temperature of 0.1K magnitude, to realize the EPR detection of ultra-low temperature region.It can using motorized rails
Operation is docked and assembled with conveniently realize EPR system and refrigeration system；Equipment used by the above process is easily operated
And stability is high, the temperature of sample is low and the institute of compatible conventional EPR system is functional.
Detailed description of the invention
It, below will be to required use in embodiment description in order to illustrate more clearly of the technical solution of the embodiment of the present disclosure
Attached drawing be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only some embodiments of the present disclosure, for this
For the those of ordinary skill in field, without creative efforts, it can also be obtained according to these attached drawings other
Attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is the pulsating electronic paramagnetic resonance spectrometer frame diagram that the embodiment of the present disclosure provides；
Fig. 2 is the pulsating electronic paramagnetic resonance spectrometer part assembling schematic diagram that the embodiment of the present disclosure provides；
Fig. 3 is the Nd in YSO crystal at a temperature of 6.5K of resonance spectrometer shown in the application drawing 2 that provides of the embodiment of the present disclosure3+From
Field sweep electron spin echo (ESE) schematic diagram of son；
Resonance spectrometer YSO crystal under ultra-low temperature region shown in the application drawing 2 that Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B provide for the embodiment of the present disclosure
Middle Nd3+The electron spin echo (ESE) and temperature dependence figure of ion.Wherein, Fig. 4 A is provided surveys under different sample temperatures
The time-domain signal of electron spin echo；Fig. 4 B provides the relative size of electron spin echo and the relationship of sample temperature.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present disclosure is carried out clear, complete
Ground description, it is clear that described embodiment is only disclosure a part of the embodiment, instead of all the embodiments.Based on this
Disclosed embodiment, every other implementation obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts
Example, belongs to the protection scope of the disclosure.
" ultralow temperature " described in the disclosure refers to the temperature of 0.1K (Kelvin) magnitude.
As described above, the EPR spectrometer of ultra-low temperature region is the great basic instrument of quantum information, quantum field of storage urgent need.
Such as consider under the ultralow temperature of 0.1K, 95% or more initialization may be implemented in the i on population of electron spin in X-band EPR spectrometer
Level, this directly makes the signal-to-noise ratio (the namely signal-to-noise ratio of instrument) of electron spin echo compared to the test condition of 3K temperature,
Enhance one to two magnitudes.The promotion of signal-to-noise ratio is the basic index of all measuring instruments, therefore ultralow temperature EPR system is also expected to
Other field obtains more applications.
According to the basic conception of the disclosure, a kind of pulsating electronic paramagnetic resonance spectrometer is provided, comprising: generate at least one
The microwave excitation of microwave pulse generates unit；Microwave transmission unit, the microwave transmission line including resonant cavity and transmission microwave are described
Microwave transmission line is connected to microwave excitation and generates between unit resonant cavity, and the cavity configurations are to put sample；Refrigeration machine
And magnet unit, including realizing that the cooling refrigeration machine of ultralow temperature, institute's microwave transmission line are arranged through described to microwave cavity
Refrigeration machine simultaneously connects the microwave cavity；Refrigeration machine and magnet unit further include providing up the magnetic resonance test magnetic
The magnet of field, the resonant cavity are set in the room temperature gap of magnet.It can also include acquiring and analyzing microwave transmission unit
Emit the microwave sounding unit of microwave.By above-mentioned setting, EPR system is cooperated into refrigeration machine, the super of 0.1K magnitude can be obtained
Low sample temperature.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram for the system framework that the embodiment of the present disclosure one provides.As shown in Figure 1, the device mainly includes:
Microwave excitation generates unit 11, microwave transmission unit 12, microwave sounding unit 13 and refrigeration machine and magnet unit
14。
Wherein, the microwave excitation generates unit 11, for generating various High-Power Microwave pulses；
The microwave transmission unit 12, for the directional transmissions of microwave pulse, install sample and realize microwave transmitting and
It collects；
The microwave sounding unit 13, acquisition and analysis for microwave signal；
The microwave excitation generates unit 11, and microwave transmission unit 12 and microwave sounding unit 13 have field sweep paramagnetic resonance
The complete test function such as detection, electron spin echo, electronics and core double resonance.
The refrigeration machine and magnet unit 14, for realizing that ultralow temperature is cooling and provides high evenness to microwave cavity
Magnetic field reaches magnetic resonance test condition.
Further, it includes: microwave source 111, microwave modulation module 112 that the microwave excitation, which generates unit 11, and microwave becomes
Frequency module 113, microwave amplifier 114；
Wherein, the microwave source 111, for generating the single-frequency microwave signal of specific frequency；
The microwave modulation module 112, for generating the microwave arteries and veins of all size, phase, frequency from single-frequency continuous microwave
Punching；
The microwave frequency-variable module 113, for extending the test frequency range of microwave；
The microwave amplifier 114 reaches high-energy arteries and veins required for pulse EPR for executing amplification to microwave pulse
Punching.
Further, the microwave transmission unit 12 includes: that microwave circulators 121, microwave transmission line 122 and microwave are humorous
Shake chamber 123；
Wherein, the microwave circulators 121, for the directional transmissions of microwave, guide the microwave of microwave excitation unit 11 into
Enter sample, and transmits sample signal and enter microwave sounding unit 13；
The microwave transmission line 122, for the microwave transmission between microwave circulators 121 and microwave cavity 123；
It is different from conventional microwave transmission cable, it is contemplated that the ultralow temperature cooling requirement of the present apparatus, the material selection of the microwave transmission line
Conductive and heat-insulated demand should be taken into account, typical conducting medium can be silver-plated stainless steel, silver-plated CuNi and NbTi superconductor.
The microwave cavity 123, for installing sample and realizing the transmitting and collection of microwave；The microwave resonance of the disclosure
Chamber 123 is three-D resonant cavity, and the alternating current magnetic field which generates is evenly distributed and can test large scale sample, has
Richer test function.
Further, the track microwave sounding unit 13 includes: protective door 131, and frequency mixer 132, low pass filtered, which involve, puts
Big device 133 and oscillograph 134；
Wherein, the protective door 131, for closing detection system in High-Power Microwave pulse incidence；When signal detection,
Open detection system；
The frequency mixer 132, microwave signal and local oscillator microwave mixer for arriving to microwave transmission module collection, which are extracted, to be believed
Number；Its local oscillator microwave generates unit 11 from microwave excitation
The low pass filtered involves amplifier 133, and the mixed frequency signal execution low pass filtered for exporting frequency mixer 132, which involves, puts
Greatly, pulse demodulation is realized；For the amplification to demodulation afterpulse signal；
The oscillograph 134, for the storage and display to signal.
Further, the refrigerator unit 14 includes: refrigeration machine 141, refrigeration machine cavity 142 and super uniform magnet
143, motorized rails 144；
Wherein, the refrigeration machine 141, for providing refrigerating capacity, cooling goal systems；Pass through instrument described in the refrigeration machine
Sample temperature can reach 0.1K magnitude；
The refrigeration machine cavity 142, for the installation of microwave transmission line 122 and microwave cavity 123, and is isolated the external world
Heat radiation；
The super uniform magnet 143, for generating the magnetic field of high evenness high stable；It can be room temperature electromagnet either
Superconducting magnet.
The motorized rails 144, when executing sample replacement, for the carrying and positioning to magnet；The motorized rails
Has the jack run up and down for carrying and positioning placement magnet, and horizontal direction stroke is more than magnet outer dimension.
The embodiment of the present disclosure combines refrigeration machine and routine EPR system, realizes the EPR test of ultralow temperature, and has
Help significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio of test；Equipment used by the above process is easily operated, system stability with higher
And perfect test function.
In order to be further described the disclosure, the embodiment of the present disclosure will enumerate specific numerical value, join to the element in the device
Number is introduced；It should be noted that cited numerical value of the elements only to facilitate the understanding of the present disclosure, is not construed as limiting；
In practical applications, user can according to demand or experience use different parameters element.
Each section module in Fig. 1 both individually can be purchased and be assembled, and can also provide multimode group from the prior art
Subsystem after dress is easier to build pulsating electronic paramagnetic resonance spectrometer based on such subsystem.Such as commercialization EPR spectrum
Instrument can provide microwave excitation unit, the circulator in microwave transmission unit and microwave cavity, microwave sounding unit and refrigeration machine
And the super uniform magnet in magnet unit.As shown in Fig. 2, a kind of system assembles of the EPR spectrometer provided for the embodiment of the present disclosure
Schematic diagram.The mating compressor set etc. of the Multilayer radiation-proof housing in low temperature cavity and low temperature cavity is omitted in figure, only presents and is
The material particular of system docking.
It is specifically included that
1) (EPR system herein contains microwave excitation and generates unit, microwave transmission list pulsed multiband EPR system
The magnet in microwave circulators and microwave cavity, microwave sounding unit and refrigeration machine and magnet unit in member)
It specifically includes that L/S/X band microwave bridge, L/S/X band microwave amplifier, based on the micro- of arbitrary waveform generator
Wave modulator, L/S/X band microwave resonant cavity, X-band microwave detection system, electronics and core double resonance (ENDOR) module and
Super uniform magnet.
In the present embodiment, the parameter of X-band microwave bridge can be with are as follows: 9.0~10.0GHz of frequency range.The microwave of L/S wave band
Bridge mainly realizes the function of frequency transformation, its frequency mixer based on fixed local frequency realizes X-band and two kinds of band signals of L/S
Frequency transformation.The mode of this frequency conversion realizes band spreading, is a kind of most economical mode, and a variety of wave bands can share X-band
Microwave sounding module.The all built-in microwave circulators of the microwave bridge of three kinds of wave bands, realize the directional transmissions of microwave.
In the present embodiment, X-band microwave amplifier is the solid amplifier of 300W, the output power of L/S band amplifier
About 100W.
In the present embodiment, the parameter of the microwave modulator based on arbitrary waveform generator can be with are as follows: sample rate 5GS/s is adjusted
Bandwidth 500MHz processed realizes random waveform modulation to frequency, phase, amplitude.
In the present embodiment, L/S/X band microwave resonator parameter can be with are as follows: each intracavitary portion effective aperture 5mm of band resonant,
Outer diameter 20mm realizes that easily wave band is replaced using SMB or MMCX type fast joint.The Q value of each band resonant chamber can be 50 and arrive
500 or so, Q value required for determining according to specific experiments.
In the present embodiment, the parameter of the super uniform superconducting magnet of coil form can be with are as follows: uniformity of magnetic field 10ppm 40mm DSV,
Maximum field strength 1.8T, the air gap 100mm.
2) dilution refrigeration machine system (the main improvement due to the part as the embodiment of the present disclosure, individually enumerate
It is illustrated, the refrigeration machine in corresponding diagram 1)
In the present embodiment, the parameter of refrigeration machine can be with are as follows: the dilution refrigeration machine of no liquid helium consumption, minimum temperature 10mK,
Refrigeration work consumption 1W under refrigeration work consumption 400uW under 100mK, 4K.
In the present embodiment, preferred 201 parameter of refrigeration machine cavity can be with are as follows: and it include 50K cold dish 2055,3K cold dish 2054,
1K cold dish 2053,100mK cold dish 2052 and 10mK cold dish 2051.Wherein 50K cold dish 2055,3K cold dish 2054,1K cold dish
2053 are both needed to mating installation heat radiation screening housing (not shown).Freeze drive end unit outer diameter 95mm, and tail portion sample space has
Imitate internal diameter 40mm.
In magnet the air gap of the refrigeration system by top insertion electron paramagnetic resonance system.
3) special system convergence part
It mainly includes sample inserted link 207, microwave transmission line 208.
In the present embodiment, resonant cavity 203 is mounted on the sample inserted link 207 of a heat-conducting metal material, sample inserted link 207
The other end be fixed on the lowest temperature cold dish 2051 of 10mK, between other cold dishes (2052,2053,2054 and 2055) without even
It connects.In the present embodiment, the parameter of microwave transmission line can be with are as follows: semirigid coaxial transmission line, line outer diameter can be 3.5mm；Line
Shell and inner core can be the material that silver-plated stainless steel, superconductor etc. are not easy thermally conductive yet highly conduction.
To further increase cooling effect, multiple heat sink 206 are arranged on the route of microwave transmission line 208.
4) motorized rails 204
In the present embodiment, the parameters of motorized rails 204 can be with are as follows: and weight bearing ability is greater than 3 tons, and 1.5 meters of impulse stroke, positioning
Precision 0.1mm.The size of working face of guide rail plate is 550mm*550mm.
Magnet 202 in the present embodiment, two sides feet height can be 230mm, and feet distance in two sides is 600mm.It leads
Rail is equipped with the jack of 20mm height stroke, has been used to support or has put down magnet after positioning.After guide rail jack rises, working face
Plate is apart from ground total height 240mm, and working face of guide rail plate has directly supported magnet 202 and carried positioning at this time.Guide rail jack
After falling, magnet 202 is detached from guide pass, directly supports on the ground.
In figure, refrigeration machine tail end is cylindrical, the compatible magnet gap of outer diameter, and refrigeration machine tail end internal diameter compatibility is described humorous
Shake chamber.
In the present embodiment, for the temperature performance of optimization system temperature-fall period, measurement real system, thermometer can be used
Measure the means measurement system and sample actual work temperature of assisted spin polarization calibration.
When system installs S-band microwave cavity, a calibrated RuO is mounted in resonant cavity2Resistance thermometer,
As temperature reduces, resistance value is stepped up.The results show that minimum temperature reaches under conditions of resonant cavity is without actual test sample
10mK or less.
Further, the horizontal Accurate Determining sample real work temperature of rare earth ion spin polarization can be used in the present embodiment
Degree.System is mounted with X-band ENDOR resonant cavity, intracavitary to be loaded with 20ppm concentration143The YSO crystal of Nd isotope doping, crystal
In also the even number mass number containing 1ppm or so isotope (including142Nd,164Nd,148Nd).External testing magnetic field and crystal
D1 axis is parallel.At a temperature of Fig. 3 gives 6.5K, the test result of field sweep electron spin echo, it includes 16143The spectral line of Nd
With the spectral line of 2 even number mass number Nd isotopes.
Fig. 4 A gives under the magnetic field 4581G, when changing different cold dish temperature, the spin echo signal of acquisition.The survey
Nd isotope of the magnetic resonance signal obtained under examination magnetic field from even number mass number.A length of 2us when spin evolution is chosen in experiment,
It is concerned with service life (20us~200us) far below the electron spin under all test temperatures.
The electron spin of the Nd isotope of even number mass number is 1/2, and nuclear spin zero is simple two energy level under magnetic field
System.Its spin echo relative size is proportional to the Population difference of target transition, can strictly be calculated according to ANALOGY OF BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTION
Two ionic fractional abundances under different temperatures are poor:
Wherein h is Planck's constant, and v=9.56GHz is microwave frequency, and h*v is the energy of resonant microwave photon, and k is glass
The graceful constant of Wurz, T are sample temperature.When T approaches absolute zero 0K, spin echo size reaches relative maximum 1.
Fig. 4 B can see as cold dish temperature declines, and sample echo-signal is stepped up, and equipment is in 0.1K operating temperature
The commercialization instrument of 4.5K operating temperature is compared down, and signal-to-noise ratio can be lifted beyond 20 times.Experimental result complies fully with Boltzmann
It is distributed predicted spin polarization horizontal, therefore Strict Proof sample operating temperature reaches 0.1K.
The pulsating electronic paramagnetic resonance spectrometer of original creation is had developed in the embodiment of the present disclosure, thermometer shows sample cavity without negative
It carries temperature and reaches 10mK or less.Nd in YSO crystal is completed based on the device3+The ultralow temperature spin echo of ion is tested, according to
The size of spin echo signal, which calibrates sample actual work temperature, can reach 0.1K.This is to report minimum temperature in the world
Three-D resonant cavity pulsating electronic paramagnetic resonance spectrometer.Its each section component is all universal electricity device, and device is steady
It is fixed and multiple functional, there is wide application prospect.
It is apparent to those skilled in the art that for convenience and simplicity of description, only with above-mentioned each function
The division progress of module can according to need and for example, in practical application by above-mentioned function distribution by different function moulds
Block is completed, i.e., the internal structure of device is divided into different functional modules, to complete all or part of function described above
Energy.
Particular embodiments described above has carried out further in detail the purpose of the disclosure, technical scheme and beneficial effects
Describe in detail bright, it should be understood that the foregoing is merely the specific embodiment of the disclosure, be not limited to the disclosure, it is all
Within the spirit and principle of the disclosure, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in the protection of the disclosure
Within the scope of.
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