CN109385452A - A kind of mechanical vapor recompression and film evaporating-osmosis method for recycling ethyl alcohol - Google Patents

A kind of mechanical vapor recompression and film evaporating-osmosis method for recycling ethyl alcohol Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109385452A
CN109385452A CN201710689780.9A CN201710689780A CN109385452A CN 109385452 A CN109385452 A CN 109385452A CN 201710689780 A CN201710689780 A CN 201710689780A CN 109385452 A CN109385452 A CN 109385452A
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China
Prior art keywords
ethyl alcohol
fermentor
water
compressor
steam
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CN201710689780.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
曹惠忠
杨鲁伟
张振涛
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Environmental Polytron Technologies Inc
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Environmental Polytron Technologies Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
    • C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
    • C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/74—Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
    • C07C29/76—Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/12—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing fuels or solvents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
    • C12M41/18—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes
    • C12M41/24—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes inside the vessel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M43/00—Combinations of bioreactors or fermenters with other apparatus
    • C12M43/02—Bioreactors or fermenters combined with devices for liquid fuel extraction; Biorefineries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to it is a kind of recycle ethyl alcohol mechanical vapor recompression and film evaporating-osmosis method, comprising: provide can water-filled fermentor, the source of fermentation intensifier and the ethyl alcohol for generating absorbing reaction;In water -- the vapour pressure of ethyl alcohol vapour mixture be enough to make membrane separator concentration ethyl alcohol at a temperature of operate fermentor;Gas is flowed into fermentor to enhance the separation of ethanol in ethyl alcohol phase;By water -- ethyl alcohol vapour mixture is passed through membrane separator by compressor;Ethyl alcohol is recycled from UF membrane as penetrant;The water flow of reduction in ethanol is postbacked into fermentation tank.And a kind of ethyl alcohol process units, comprising: one can be maintained at the raw material for being used to ferment in the fermentor of ethyl alcohol；The fermentation catalyst formed for accelerating alcohol and suspension media, the fermentor includes the entrance for fermented material to be packed into fermentor, it can receive the steam (vapor) outlet containing alcohol vapor, and the byproduct discharge of solid and waste from tunning can be received；The conduit for thering is steam to be discharged at one end；The compressor of conduit on one end corresponding thereto, the compressor, which has, to be connected to the low-pressure inlet side of conduit and is connected to the elevated pressures outlet side of film separation unit;The film separation unit has the entrance for receiving the pressurized stream from compressor, and can generate and logistics be concentrated for the ethyl alcohol of recycling and the ethanol stream for being recycled to fermentor.

Description

A kind of mechanical vapor recompression and film evaporating-osmosis method for recycling ethyl alcohol
Technical field:
The method that the present invention relates to a kind of to recycle ethyl alcohol from fermentation process.More specifically, the present invention and conventional Conventional espresso skill The art method ethanol production more energy efficient compared to offer.
Background technique:
The ethanol stream for carrying out spontaneous fermentation tank in the fermentation process for producing bio-fuel (ethyl alcohol) contains a large amount of water and some Unfermentable solid.Since water usually accounts for 85% or more of fermentation liquid weight, in order to recycle wherein fuel-grade ethanol, need to be related to taking off Water step.The conventional method of dehydration is that the rectifying fraction from distilation steps distillate is then sent into molecular sieve by distillation Further dehydration is to approach straight alcohol.Distillation for alcohol recycle needs a large amount of concentration energy, because of the heat supplied It is also used for evaporation water, to reduce the thermal efficiency.In addition, the limitation of purity of alcohol may be implemented by conventional distil-lation.For example, once Ethyl alcohol-aqueous mixtures reach Azeotrope compositions (ethyl alcohol weight percent up to 96.4%), and distillation is the bad selection of separation.Its His distillating method, such as azeotropic distillation and extractive distillation, they are all to need a large amount of methods for concentrating energy, and most of In the case of be related to introducing additional separating step to secondary solvent recovery method, increase the cost of this method.
One usual procedure of any fermentation technique requires recycling ethyl alcohol, is commonly carried out at present using the way of distillation. It is analyzed based on ethyl alcohol production energy, ethyl alcohol recycling step accounts for 45% or more of factory's overall energy requirement.Therefore, it is necessary to find The substitute technology or method of energy less than distillation process.
People are exploring various methods to find and solve to reduce ethyl alcohol recycling step energy in ethyl alcohol process units at present The method of consumption problem.One of method is the film method that exploitation is used for ethanol dehydration, for example, pervaporation (PV) and steam It permeates (VP).Pervaporation is a kind of separation process, and wherein liquid mixture is contacted with the semi-permeable membrane of feed side, and film selects Remove to property a kind of ingredient of per-meate side (mainly due to stronger affinity).Steam soak is similar to pervaporation, still Charging is steam phase.Membrane process consumes less energy than distillation, and can productivity and separative efficiency based on membrane material The energy for providing about 50% is saved.Compared with distillation technique, membrane process occupied area is small, and operates simpler.Do not distill The problem of film method is to need to remove solid and pre-treated solid before ethanol dehydration, because pollutant may influence film list The performance of member.
Function of mechanical steam recompression (MVR) is used for sea water desalination in the form of single effect evaporation, black in paper industry for being concentrated Liquid and wastewater treatment.It is reported that MVR energy density compared with distillation is lower, therefore including the operation of MVR unit and membrane separating process Combined process should be able to significant reduction ethyl alcohol production cost.In MVR technique, by the steam to distiller or evaporator discharge It re-compresses, to increase pressure and temperature, then carries out heat exchange with heat exchanger or evaporator.Use is generated in MVR unit The steam of solid and non-volatile pollutant is free of in alcohol-water separation.Finally need in the steam to MVR concentration of alcohol into one Step processing is to meet expected hope.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention includes the integration side of function of mechanical steam recompression (MVR) unit and membrane separating method such as Steam soak or pervaporation The device and purposes of method.Energy consumption needed for ethyl alcohol recycling is reduced by 25% or more by method disclosed by the invention, optimal cases Under at least can be improved 50% or more ethyl alcohol production overall economy quality.
Exemplary fermentation liquid in Batch fermentation (reactor) contains the water greater than 85% weight, and surplus is ethyl alcohol, CO2With Unfermentable solid.The schematic diagram of comprehensive MVR and membrane process is shown in fig. 1 and 2.The direct steam and CO being passed through in water2 Steam stream can be generated when passing through fermentor.CO2Steam combination is used as the gas lift system (steam raising of ethanol component in fermentor Ethyl alcohol).Steam (mainly steam, ethyl alcohol and the CO of generation2) be transported in MVR unit, wherein by recompression generate compared with The steam stream of heat.The steam of recompression is sent into membrane separating process and carries out steam infiltration, wherein being removed using ethanol selectivity Ethyl alcohol, and it is partially recycled in the infiltration of film, it then will mainly include steam and CO2Gas recirculation into fermentor with restore Generate steam.
Integrated MVR membrane separating method can generate at least 50% down to the ethyl alcohol of 5% weight from charging (fermentation liquid) The ethyl alcohol of weight.The selectivity of film is depended in the concentration of alcohol that the per-meate side of film recycles.Suitable film includes most hydrophobic Film, such as hydrophobic polymer film as made of dimethyl silicone polymer (PDMS), mixed substrate membrane containing nano-grade molecular sieve (from hydrophobic polymer and Zeolite, such as PDMS+ZSM5 film) and monolithic zeolite membrane from ZSM5 or silicone zeolite.Using this film steam infiltration and UF membrane based on pervaporation is well-known, and researcher is developing the highly selective film for this application Material.Suitable example is as already identified above.In some embodiments, highly selective hydrophobic membrane is used in steam jet mode It is preferred scheme.Generated steam should be of high quality (low-down or without pollutant), and such as protein, yeast is molten The solid of solution will not damage membrane component.Pollution concentration is substantially below 500ppm, eliminating or reducing in film list lower than 50ppm Pretreated needs are carried out before member.It can be convenient in ground fermentor by the concentration of alcohol in monitoring steam and handle solid.? Ethyl alcohol is exhausted into after expected level in fermentation liquid, and the solids stream of residual in the fermenter is sent into solid recycling or drying section Point.
The present invention will further illustrate method disclosed by the invention by referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.Those are in fig. 1 and 2 Identical unit is indicated with identical digital number.The add ons of alternate embodiment are correspondingly numbered in Fig. 2.More It says to body, generally 100 L or bigger fermentor, such as 10000 L, up to 100000 L, fermentation source such as sugar, biomass is come Source is fermentation starch, and cereal, biomass source is fermentation synthesis gas etc..After enhancing bacterium such as thermoduric bacteria in fermentation, The amount for being enough to convert biomass etc. to ethyl alcohol production is added in fermentor.One aspect of the present invention be can choose than The bacterium operated at the higher temperature of temperature used in most of fermentors.About 80 DEG C of temperature is heated the mixture to add Fast fermentation process.The volatility of ethyl alcohol produced by the higher temperature of fermentation enhances, so that method of the invention is promoted.
By fermentation phase appropriate, usually 1 250 hours or more, more preferably 5 50 hours, by such as scheming institute The step 140 stated is by CO2Or the gases such as nitrogen introduce fermentor 100.More specifically, once fermentation process proves concentration of alcohol Rise, so that it may introduce a gas into fermentor, this can be monitored by methods known in the art.It therefore, can be small 24 When, 48 hours or at the beginning pay attention to concentration of alcohol since initial reactor concentration rise when introduce steam, CO2, N2.Introduce gas Water-ethanol steam is discharged by fermentor from pipeline 110 in body, to be introduced into film after being transferred to compressor 120.The steam of compression Into UF membrane until 130 pass through pipeline 122.Selective membrane is so that ethyl alcohol passes through and retains CO2And H 2 O.Suitable film is zeolite With PDMS and combinations thereof.Methods known in the art can be passed through by the concentration ethyl alcohol that pipeline 200 leaves film separation unit 130 Further concentration.Selectivity is higher, and it is better to separate.Known in the art 30 to 1000 selectivity can be used.Remaining CO2 And H2 O leaves UF membrane, additional supplement steam and/or CO along path 1302It is added in burner 100 and continues the mistake Journey.During the fermentation, solid will be filled into the bottom of burner, and be removed together with purified water by pipeline 170.
In alternate embodiment shown in Fig. 2, unit 360 is for separating CO2And H 2 O, via the processing of pipeline 370 or again It is recycled in fermentor 100a.The benefit of this method is that quantity of steam needed for ethyl alcohol recycling is reduced (into the major part of this method Steam is recycled), to reduce energy.Because of volatilization sex ratio of the separative efficiency of membrane process independent of component in charging, Therefore steam is mainly used in this method generating alcohol vapor stream in the charging of MVR.
Fig. 3 describes other fermentor.Fermentor/stripper 200 includes container part 215, the ruler of container part 215 It is very little can from 100 to 100,000 L variation, and entrance 205 can pass through biomass, fermenting mixture and bacterium.Fermentor/vapour Stripper 200 further includes steam precision pipeline 210a, by steam alcohol vapor mixture by compressor downstream and from Separator returns to the CO of concentration2Aqueous mixtures are back to pipeline 240a.In addition, fermentor/degasser 200 includes for clear The outlet line 270a of solid and water and purge system is removed during clean operation.Fermentor 200 further includes maintaining proper temperature Device, such as heating bed (steam pipe coil etc.) 225.Screen 35 or other suitable filters are located at the top of heating bed 225, with Fermentation media is maintained to the bottom of fermentor, while the water-alcohol mixture of enrichment being passed through to the top of fermentor, at the top of this Additional heating coil 245, increases the temperature of mixture to 120 DEG C to 140 DEG C or more up to 180 DEG C.It is introduced by pipeline 255 all Such as CO2And/or the gas of nitrogen, to reinforce H2The degassing of O and alcohol vapor.
The thermal gradient generated by element 225 and 245 needs to reduce, because alcohol biological can be transported at relatively high temperatures Row, and concentration of alcohol is maintained reactor so that alcohol vapour is deaerated by pipeline 210a by circulation in fermentor Bottom makes bacterium preserve from.The alcohol concentration of fermenter base preferably remains in 5% or less.In operation, it fermented Cheng Fasheng can produce gradient circulation, wherein ethyl alcohol-H in the bottom of reactor in this way 2 O steam rises to top, and gas helps In removing ethanol/water steam and then bottom that is cooling and sinking to reactor, ethyl alcohol is exhausted.Stirring can also help to recycle.
Detailed description of the invention:
Fig. 1 is with CO2The schematic diagram of the integrated MVR and membrane separation process process that are directly injected into steam.
Fig. 2 is with CO2Remove the integrated MVR of step and the schematic diagram of membrane separating method.
Fig. 3 is shown as the schematic diagram of reactor embodiment, and wherein fuel meat is maintained at lower than water/alcohol vapor mixture Leave the temperature in the region of reactor.
Specific embodiment:
Following example illustrate the operations of methods and apparatus of the present invention.
It is also referred to as that biomass is added in the fermentation stripper of fermentor in the present invention and generates the suitable culture medium of bacterium, And 120 DEG C or more are heated under the pressure of 2 atmospheric pressure.Temperature, steam speed are maintained with steam pipe coil in fermentation stripper Rate is about 87 kg/h.Water and alcohol vapor leave fermentation stripping with the rate of about 112 kg/h at about 1 atmospheric pressure and 99 DEG C Device, constituting weight percent is 8.8% ethyl alcohol and H 2O mixture.The steam is by compressor, when it passes through separation water and second When the separation of ethanol film of alcohol mixture, the ethanol water mixture of compressor is compressed to about 2 atmospheric pressure and rises to temperature about 191℃.Ethyl alcohol leaves seperation film and by condenser, and the ethyl alcohol of 99.9 weight % is recycled with the rate of about 10 kg/h.Water-second The mixture exhausted is left membrane recycling to stripping with the rate of 102kg/h with about 2 atmospheric pressure and 121 DEG C of temperature by alcohol Tower.The concentration of alcohol of the mixture is reduced to about 0.05%.During leaving compressor, return stream with the pressure of 2atm and 53 DEG C of temperature is fed to the free stripper with 1% w ethanol concentration with the rate of about 1,000 kg/h.
The foregoing is merely some embodiments of the invention, are not intended to limit the invention, all in the present invention Spirit and principle within, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done, should be included in protection scope of the present invention it It is interior.

Claims (9)

1. it is a kind of recycle ethyl alcohol method, comprising: a. provide can water-filled fermentor, fermentation intensifier and for generate suction Receive the source of the ethyl alcohol of reaction;B. in water -- the vapour pressure of ethyl alcohol vapour mixture is enough to make the temperature of membrane separator concentration ethyl alcohol Lower operation fermentor;C. gas is flowed into fermentor to enhance the separation of ethanol in ethyl alcohol phase;D. by water -- ethyl alcohol vapour phase Mixture is passed through membrane separator by compressor;E. ethyl alcohol is recycled from UF membrane as penetrant;F will be reduced in ethanol Water flow postbacks fermentation tank.
2. the method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the operation temperature of the fermentor is 75 DEG C to 100 DEG C or so.
3. the method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the product of step c passes through compressor and enters what specified film passed through The process.
4. method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that zymogenous bacteria vulcanizes clostridium, cereal from hot bacterium clostridium, hot hydrogen It is selected in sickle-like bacteria, thermophilic yeast bacillus, hot anaerobic bacillus(cillus anaerobicus), hot saccharomycete sugar yeast bacillus and hot anaerobic bacillus(cillus anaerobicus).
It further include using film by CO 5. the method according to claim 12It is recycled into fermentor, the water flow of concentration is discharged Or it is recycled in fermentor.
6. a kind of ethyl alcohol process units, comprising: one can be maintained at the raw material for being used to ferment in the fermentor of ethyl alcohol；For The fermentation catalyst that accelerating alcohol and suspension media are formed, the fermentor include for fermented material to be packed into entering for fermentor Mouthful, the steam (vapor) outlet containing alcohol vapor can be received, and the by-product of solid and waste from tunning can be received Outlet；The conduit for thering is steam to be discharged at one end；The compressor of conduit on one end corresponding thereto, the compressor, which has, to be connected It is connected to the low-pressure inlet side of conduit and is connected to the elevated pressures outlet side of film separation unit;The film separation unit, which has, to be used for The entrance of the pressurized stream from compressor is received, and can generate and logistics be concentrated for the ethyl alcohol of recycling and for being recycled to The ethanol stream of fermentor.
7. device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the fermentor is 100 to 100000 L；The compressor Water-ethanol steam can be compressed to about 10 atmospheric pressure from the pressure of about 1 atmospheric pressure；Wherein the film be selected from zeolite, PDMS and combinations thereof.
8. device according to claim 6 further includes by fresh fermentation medium, catalyst and water are added to the ethyl alcohol Device in recirculation flow.
9. device according to claim 6 further comprises the list for being connected to fermentor by the conduit of the unit Member, can separate solid fermentation liquid is carbon dioxide and water process and/or recovery section.
CN201710689780.9A 2017-08-14 2017-08-14 A kind of mechanical vapor recompression and film evaporating-osmosis method for recycling ethyl alcohol Pending CN109385452A (en)

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Application publication date: 20190226