CN109383558B - Online dynamic measuring device and measuring method for wheel rim parameters of rail transit wheels - Google Patents
Online dynamic measuring device and measuring method for wheel rim parameters of rail transit wheels Download PDFInfo
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- CN109383558B CN109383558B CN201811499719.9A CN201811499719A CN109383558B CN 109383558 B CN109383558 B CN 109383558B CN 201811499719 A CN201811499719 A CN 201811499719A CN 109383558 B CN109383558 B CN 109383558B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an online dynamic measuring device and method for wheel rim parameters of rail transit wheels,belongs to the technical field of rail transit. The invention relates to an online dynamic measuring device for wheel rim parameters of rail transit wheels, which comprises an outer laser displacement sensor arranged on the outer side of a rail and an inner laser displacement sensor arranged on the inner side of the rail, wherein the height of a sensing head of the outer laser displacement sensor higher than the top surface of the rail is H 1 A horizontal distance L from the center of the rail top 1 The included angle between the detection beam and the direction vertical to the track is A 1 An included angle A with the direction parallel to the track 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The height of the sensing head of the inner laser displacement sensor lower than the top surface of the track is H 2 A horizontal distance L from the center of the rail top 2 An included angle B with the direction vertical to the track 1 . By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the detection precision of the wheel rim parameters of the wheel can be effectively improved, and the detection efficiency is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rail transit, and particularly relates to an online dynamic measuring device and method for wheel rim parameters of rail transit.
Background
With the rapid development of rail transit in China, the safety problem of on-line running of trains is increasingly remarkable. The wheel set is the part of the train in contact with the rail. The wheel pair ensures the running and steering of the locomotive on the steel rail, bears all static and dynamic loads from the train, transmits the static and dynamic loads to the steel rail, and transmits the loads generated by unsmooth lines to all parts of the train. In addition, the driving and braking of the train vehicle is also effected by wheel sets. Therefore, the condition of the wheel set is directly related to the running quality and safety of the train, and the real-time monitoring of the size parameters of the train is an important measure for ensuring the safe running of the train.
In the traditional technology, manual measurement and static measurement methods are generally adopted to measure the wheel rim parameters, the detection precision is poor, and the detection efficiency is low, so that the research and development of an online dynamic detection technology are promoted. For the on-line detection technology of the wheel set size, the early method adopts the CCD image measurement technology for measurement, but the system structure arrangement of the method is complex and is greatly influenced by vibration and environment. With the development of sensor technology, laser ranging is increasingly widely applied, and many researchers start to apply laser displacement sensors to online dynamic detection of wheel rim parameters.
For example, the application with application number 201610365458.6 discloses an online detection method and system for the size of a train wheel set, the method obtains the diameter of a rim vertex circle and the speed of a vehicle through a laser opposite-irradiation photoelectric switch, positions the lowest point of the rim and the height to the ground through an eddy current sensor, and obtains the tread contour line of the wheel according to the point on the wheel detected by an inner side and outer side 1D laser displacement sensor, thereby obtaining the height, thickness and diameter of the rim, but the detection precision of the application needs to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved by the invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing method for measuring the wheel rim parameters, and provides an online dynamic measuring device and an online dynamic measuring method for the wheel rim parameters of the rail transit. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the detection precision of the wheel rim parameters of the wheel can be effectively improved, and the detection efficiency is higher.
2. Technical proposal
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to an online dynamic measuring device for wheel rim parameters of a rail transit wheel, which comprises an outer laser displacement sensor arranged on the outer side of the rail and an inner laser displacement sensor arranged on the inner side of the rail, wherein the outer laser displacement sensor is used for collecting an outline from the top point of the wheel rim to a nominal rolling circle of the wheel, and the height of a sensing head of the outer laser displacement sensor higher than the top surface of the rail is H 1 A horizontal distance L from the center of the rail top 1 Its probe beam is perpendicular to the trackThe included angle of the track direction is A 1 An included angle A with the direction parallel to the track 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The inner side laser displacement sensor is used for collecting the contour line from the inner rim surface of the wheel to the outer side of the rim, and the height of the sensing head lower than the top surface of the track is H 2 A horizontal distance L from the center of the rail top 2 An included angle B with the direction vertical to the track 1 。
Furthermore, the outside laser displacement sensor and the inside laser displacement sensor are two-dimensional laser displacement sensors, and the distance between the sensing heads along the direction parallel to the track is L 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The two tracks are symmetrically provided with the outside laser displacement sensor and the inside laser displacement sensor.
Further, the mounting positions of the two laser displacement sensors satisfy the following formula:
tanA 2 ＝(R-H 1 )/L 3
r is the radius of the wheel to be measured, when the sensing head is higher than the rail top, H1 is positive, and otherwise, the radius is negative.
Still further, outside laser displacement sensor and inboard laser displacement sensor all install through sensor installation mechanism, and this sensor installation mechanism includes bottom plate, inboard mounting panel and outside mounting panel, and wherein bottom plate fixed mounting is in the track bottom, and inboard mounting panel and outside mounting panel all link to each other with the bottom plate is fixed, and the installation angle of inboard mounting panel and outside mounting panel respectively with inboard laser displacement sensor, outside laser displacement sensor's installation angle is corresponding.
Further, a supporting plate is arranged on the bottom plate and fixedly connected with the adjusting plate, the outer side installing plate is arranged and supported on the adjusting plate, and the supporting surface of the supporting plate is processed into a two-dimensional inclined surface corresponding to the installing angle of the outer side laser displacement sensor.
Furthermore, the outer mounting plate is rotatably connected with the adjusting plate through a bearing and is fixed through a bolt.
Furthermore, the adjusting plate is provided with a self-aligning bearing seat, and the outer mounting plate is correspondingly provided with a self-aligning bearing which is in running fit with the self-aligning bearing seat; and the outer mounting plate is provided with a fixing hole and a fine adjustment threaded hole, wherein the inner diameter of the fixing hole is larger than the diameter of the fixing bolt in the fixing hole.
The invention discloses an online dynamic measurement method for wheel rim parameters of rail transit wheels, which comprises the following steps:
step one, acquisition of wheel contour lines
When a wheel passes through, two 2D laser displacement sensors are controlled to simultaneously acquire the tread profile of the wheel, wherein an inner laser displacement sensor acquires the profile line from the inner rim surface of the wheel to the outer side of the wheel rim, and an outer laser displacement sensor acquires the profile line from the top point of the wheel rim to the nominal rolling circle;
step two, extracting contour lines
Selecting a contour line passing through the normal line of the rim measured by the inner side laser displacement sensor, namely a contour curve when the rim is at the lowest point in all contour lines, and correspondingly measuring the contour curve by the outer side laser displacement sensor at the same moment;
step three, extracting effective data
Filtering invalid curve data in the selected profile curve, thereby extracting valid data;
step four, rotating the contour curve
And (3) rotating the two processed profile curves in the clockwise direction according to the following formula:
X＝(x 1 -x 0 )cosα-(y 1 -y 0 )Sinα+x 0
Y＝(x 1 -x 0 )sinα+(y 1 -y 0 )cosα+y 0
wherein: (X, Y) is the coordinates of the curve after rotation, (X) 1 ，y 1 ) Is the coordinates of the curve before rotation, (x 0 ，y 0 ) Is the coordinate of the rotation center, the (0, 0) point is taken, and alpha is the rotation angle; wherein the rotation angle alpha of the outside laser displacement sensor is (A 1 -90) degrees, the rotation angle α of the inside laser displacement sensor taking (b-90) degrees, wherein b is the wheel measured by the inside laser displacement sensorAn inclination angle of the straight line segment of the inner rim surface of the wheel with respect to the horizontal direction (a rotation angle when the straight line segment of the inner rim surface is rotated to the horizontal direction) in the profile curve;
step five, curve splicing and integration
The end points of the profile curves measured by the inner side laser displacement sensors are used as characteristic points, the curves measured by the two sensors after rotation are spliced, the X coordinates and the Y coordinates of the two curves are integrated again after splicing, the average value of the X coordinates of the inner rim surface is taken during integration, and then the average value is integrated into 0;
step six, calculating rim parameters
And calculating the wheel rim parameters according to the obtained spliced and integrated profile curve.
Further, the inclination angle b of the straight line segment of the inner rim surface of the wheel in the profile curve measured by the inner laser displacement sensor with respect to the horizontal direction is calculated as follows: the inner rim surface of the wheel in the profile curve measured by the inner laser displacement sensor is an inclined straight line, and the inclination angle can be calculated by taking any two points on the inclined straight line:
calculating the points for multiple times to obtain a series of angle tangent values tanb1, tanb2, tanb3, … … and tanbk, and averaging the tangent values to obtain the following components:
tan b＝(tan b1+tan b2+tan b3+......+tan bk)/k
then in the rotation equation:
further, the curve splicing method in the fifth step specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, acquiring inner laserMaximum value a of curve after rotation of profile line measured by displacement sensor 1 Endpoint value a 2 Acquiring the maximum value b of the curve after the profile line measured by the outside laser displacement sensor rotates 1 B is found in the curve after the profile line measured by the outside laser displacement sensor rotates 2 ＝b 1 -(a 1 -a 2 ) If there is no point in the curve that corresponds exactly, find b 2 Coordinates of the left and right points (X 1 ，Y 1 ) And (X) 2 ，Y 2 ) B is calculated by the following formula 2 X coordinates at:
by (X) b2 ，b 2 ) And (5) splicing the points to obtain the spliced contour line.
In the sixth step, three parameters of the rim height, the rim thickness and the rim comprehensive value are calculated according to the measurement standard specified in the rim tread profile standard of the locomotive wheel, and if no measurement value exists at the measurement point of a certain rim parameter, the following formula is adopted for approximate calculation:
wherein, when knowing the Y coordinate of a certain measurement point, the X coordinate of the point is calculated by using the formula (1), and when knowing the X coordinate of a certain measurement point, the Y coordinate of the point is calculated by using the formula (2);
the calculation method of the wheel set inner side distance is as follows:
rotating the profile curve measured by the inner laser displacement sensor according to an angle b, wherein the rotation center is a (0, 0) point, so as to obtain a horizontal profile curve of the inner rim, and further obtain the distance L1 from the inner laser displacement sensor to the inner rim surface of the wheel; similarly, the distance L2 from the inner side laser displacement sensor of the steel rail at the other side to the inner rim surface of the wheel can be obtained; if the mounting distance between the two laser displacement sensors is L, the wheel set inner distance is d=l+l1+l2.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the on-line dynamic measuring device for the wheel rim parameters of the rail transit wheels, the laser displacement sensors are respectively arranged on the inner side and the outer side of the rail, and the installation angles of the laser displacement sensors are optimized, so that the wheel rim height, the wheel rim thickness, the wheel rim comprehensive value and the wheel pair inner side distance of the wheels can be detected on line, the detection accuracy is high, and the detection efficiency is high.
(2) According to the method for dynamically measuring the wheel rim parameters of the rail transit wheels on line, the profile curve of the wheels to be measured can be obtained through the installation of the two laser displacement sensors and the extraction, rotation, splicing and integration treatment of the collected data, so that the wheel rim height, the wheel rim thickness, the wheel rim comprehensive value and the wheel pair inner side distance of the wheels can be detected on line, and the detection accuracy of the method is effectively improved compared with that of the existing detection method.
(3) According to the online dynamic measuring method for the wheel rim parameters of the rail transit wheels, due to the fact that certain deviation exists in the laying angles of the steel rails on two sides and the fact that the axles inevitably bend and deform under the bearing action, certain inclination angles exist on the inner rim surfaces of the wheels, the influence of the problems on the detection results can be effectively avoided, and the detection accuracy of the wheel parameters is further guaranteed.
(4) According to the online dynamic measuring method for the wheel rim parameters of the rail transit wheels, when the end points of the profile curves measured by the inner side laser displacement sensors are used as characteristic points, the profile curves measured by the two laser displacement sensors are spliced, so that the detection precision can be further improved, and the influence of external interference on the detection result is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an on-line dynamic measuring device for wheel rim parameters of rail transit wheels;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a distribution structure of a laser displacement sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the distribution of the laser displacement sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a measurement point of a wheel rim parameter of a train wheel;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the outboard mounting plate of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of two laser displacement sensors;
FIG. 7 is a graph after rotation;
fig. 8 is a contour plot after stitching integration.
The reference numerals in the figures illustrate:
1. a bottom plate; 101. briquetting; 102. a fastening bolt; 2. a bottom plate reinforcing rib; 3. an inner mounting plate; 4. a support plate; 5. supporting plate reinforcing ribs; 6. aligning the bearing seat; 7. an adjusting plate; 8. an outer mounting plate; 801. aligning the bearing holes; 802. a fixing hole; 803. fine tuning the threaded hole; 9. an outside laser displacement sensor; 10. an inner laser displacement sensor; 11. a track.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the present invention, the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the on-line dynamic measuring device for wheel rim parameters of rail transit in this embodiment includes an outer laser displacement sensor 9 installed on the outer side of a rail 11 and an inner laser displacement sensor 10 installed on the inner side of the rail 11, where the outer laser displacement sensor 9 is used to collect an outline from the wheel rim vertex to the nominal rolling circle of the wheel, and the height of its sensing head higher than the top surface of the rail 11 is H 1 A horizontal distance L from the center of the rail top 1 The included angle between the detection beam and the direction perpendicular to the track isA 1 An included angle A with the direction parallel to the track 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The inside laser displacement sensor 10 is used for collecting the contour line from the inner rim surface of the wheel to the outer side of the rim, and the height of the sensing head below the top surface of the rail 11 is H 2 A horizontal distance L from the center of the rail top 2 An included angle B with the direction vertical to the track 1 . The distance between the outer laser displacement sensor 9 and the sensing head of the inner laser displacement sensor 10 along the direction parallel to the track 11 is L 3 。
When the laser displacement sensor is specifically installed, the installation positions of the two laser displacement sensors meet the following requirements: tan A 2 ＝(R-H 1 )/L 3 R is the radius of the wheel to be measured, when the sensing head is higher than the rail top, H1 is positive, and otherwise, the radius is negative. While other parameters are e.g. A1, L 1 、L 2 、B 1 And H 2 The measurement range requirements of the two laser displacement sensors can be met (the outer laser displacement sensor 9 is used for collecting the contour lines from the top point of the rim of the wheel to the nominal rolling circle of the wheel, and the inner laser displacement sensor 10 is used for collecting the contour lines from the inner rim surface of the wheel to the outer side of the rim).
Example 2
The on-line dynamic measuring device for the wheel rim parameters of the rail transit wheels in the embodiment has the same structure as that in embodiment 1, and further, the outer laser displacement sensor 9 and the inner laser displacement sensor 10 are symmetrically arranged on the two rails 11, so that the wheel rim parameters of the wheels on two sides can be measured respectively.
Example 3
The on-line dynamic measuring device for the wheel rim parameters of the rail transit wheels in the embodiment is basically the same as the embodiment 2 in structure, and mainly differs from the embodiment in that: in this embodiment, the outside laser displacement sensor 9 and the inside laser displacement sensor 10 are all installed through a sensor installation mechanism, as shown in fig. 1, the sensor installation mechanism includes a bottom plate 1, an inside installation plate 3 and an outside installation plate 8, where the bottom plate 1 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the track 11, the inside installation plate 3 and the outside installation plate 8 are all fixedly connected with the bottom plate 1, and the installation angles of the inside installation plate 3 and the outside installation plate 8 are respectively corresponding to the installation angles of the inside laser displacement sensor 10 and the outside laser displacement sensor 9. The pressing block 101 is installed on the bottom plate 1 of the embodiment through the fastening bolts 102, the pressing block 101 is pressed on the bottom plates on two sides of the rail, and the head of the pressing block 101 is processed into an inclined plane matched with the inclination angle of the rail bottom, so that the firmness of the installation of the bottom plate is ensured.
Example 4
The on-line dynamic measuring device for the wheel rim parameters of the rail transit wheels in the embodiment is basically the same as the structure in the embodiment 3, and the difference is mainly that: the bottom plate 1 is provided with a supporting plate 4, the supporting plate 4 is fixedly connected with an adjusting plate 7, an outer side mounting plate 8 is mounted and supported on the adjusting plate 7, and a supporting surface of the supporting plate 4 is processed into a two-dimensional inclined surface corresponding to the mounting angle of an outer side laser displacement sensor 9. The installation angle of the outside laser displacement sensor 9 is conveniently adjusted to a required position through the arrangement of the adjusting plate, so that the requirement of wheel parameter detection is met.
Example 5
The on-line dynamic measuring device for the wheel rim parameters of the rail transit wheels in the embodiment is basically the same as the device in the embodiment 4 in structure, and mainly differs from the device in the embodiment in that: the outer mounting plate 8 is rotatably connected with the adjusting plate 7 through a bearing and is fixed through bolts. Specifically, in this embodiment, the adjusting plate 7 is provided with a self-aligning bearing seat 6, and the outer mounting plate 8 is correspondingly provided with a self-aligning bearing (which is installed in a self-aligning bearing hole on the outer mounting plate 8) in a rotation fit with the self-aligning bearing seat 6, and the self-aligning bearing is inserted into an inner ring of the self-aligning bearing seat 6, so that the position and the angle between the outer mounting plate 8 and the adjusting plate 7 can be optionally adjusted. As shown in fig. 5, the outer mounting plate 8 is formed with a fixing hole 802 and a fine adjustment screw hole 803, wherein the inner diameter of the fixing hole is larger than the diameter of the fixing bolt in the fixing hole, so as to perform fine adjustment of the mounting angle of the sensor. After the aligning bearing of the outer mounting plate 8 is inserted into the aligning bearing seat 6, the fine adjusting bolt is screwed into the fine adjusting threaded hole 803, when the end head of the fine adjusting bolt penetrates through the fine adjusting threaded hole 803 to tightly prop against the adjusting plate 7, the fine adjusting bolt is continuously screwed, and the outer mounting plate 8 can relatively rotate relative to the adjusting plate 7, so that the inclination angle of the outer mounting plate 8 is finely adjusted, the fixing bolt is screwed into the fixing hole 802 after the adjustment is completed, the outer mounting plate 8 is fixedly connected with the adjusting plate 7, and the accuracy of the inclination angle of the outer laser displacement sensor 9 is guaranteed. In order to ensure the stability of the structure, in this embodiment, a bottom plate reinforcing rib 2 is arranged between the bottom plate and the supporting plate 4, and a supporting plate reinforcing rib 5 is arranged between the supporting plate 4 and the adjusting plate 7.
Example 6
The online dynamic measurement method for the wheel rim parameters of the rail transit wheels (the schematic diagram of the measurement base points of the parameters is shown in fig. 4, wherein Qr is the comprehensive value of the wheel rim, sh is the height of the wheel rim, and Sd is the thickness of the wheel rim), adopts the measurement device of the embodiment 5, and comprises the following steps:
step one, acquisition of wheel contour lines
When the wheel passes, two 2D laser displacement sensors are controlled to simultaneously acquire the tread profile of the wheel, wherein an inner laser displacement sensor 10 acquires the profile line from the inner rim surface of the wheel to the outer side of the wheel rim, and an outer laser displacement sensor 9 acquires the profile line from the top point of the wheel rim to the nominal rolling circle; when the profile curves are collected, the two laser displacement sensors continuously collect all the profile curves of the wheel when the wheel passes by at a certain frequency (the frequency can be the same or different), and the original profile curve data of the wheel is obtained. The wheel to be measured in this embodiment has a diameter d=770-84mm, h 1 ＝54mm，L 1 ＝L 2 ＝167.5mm，B 1 ＝53°，H 2 ＝151mm，A2＝45.694°，L 3 ＝340.161mm，A1＝14.979°。
Step two, extracting contour lines
To accurately measure the rim parameters, those two profile curves that pass through the normal to the wheel must be selected from a plurality of raw profile curves. When the inboard laser displacement sensor 10 detects that the rim vertex is at the lowest point, the contour line can be considered to pass through the normal line of the wheel. However, it is difficult to find the contour line passing the normal line from among the contour lines measured by the outside laser displacement sensor 9, however, through theoretical verification, when the contour line measured by the outside laser displacement sensor 9 is not greatly deviated from the normal line, the influence on the measurement accuracy of the rim parameter is small, soThe profile measured by the selected outside laser displacement sensor 9 is allowed to deviate from the normal of the wheel by a certain amount (as shown in fig. 3, the deviation is that the distance deltar of the detection beam from the center of the wheel is less than 5% of the diameter of the wheel). On the basis, the embodiment designs the installation parameters of the two laser displacement sensors, and each installation parameter meets the tan A on the basis of meeting the measurement range of the laser displacement sensor 2 ＝(R-H 1 )/L 3 It is ensured that the profile curve measured by the outside laser displacement sensor 9 is within the allowable deviation range around the wheel normal, regardless of the wheel diameter and rim height, when the inside laser displacement sensor 10 measures the wheel normal.
Therefore, the extraction method of the contour lines obtained by the two sensors is as follows: and selecting the contour line passing through the normal line of the rim measured by the inner laser displacement sensor 10, namely the contour line when the rim is at the lowest point in all the contour lines, and correspondingly measuring the contour line by the outer laser displacement sensor 9 at the same moment.
Step three, extracting effective data
And filtering invalid curve data in the selected contour curve, thereby extracting valid data.
As shown in fig. 6, curve (b) is a profile curve measured by the outer laser displacement sensor 9, curve (a) is a profile curve measured by the inner laser displacement sensor 10, but some invalid data exists in the test process, for example, the profile curve measured by the inner laser displacement sensor 10 includes a part of the profile of the steel rail, and it can be seen that curve (c) belongs to obviously invalid data, and the invalid data is filtered and removed.
Step four, rotating the contour curve
And (3) rotating the two processed profile curves in the clockwise direction according to the following formula:
X＝(x 1 -x 0 )cosα-(y 1 -y 0 )sinα+x 0
Y＝(x 1 -x 0 )sinα+(y 1 -y 0 )cosα+y 0
wherein: (X, Y) is the coordinates of the curve after rotation, (X) 1 ，y 1 ) Is the coordinates of the curve before rotation, (x 0 ，y 0 ) Is the coordinate of the rotation center, the (0, 0) point is taken, and alpha is the rotation angle, and the rotation angle is determined according to the arrangement of the 2D laser displacement sensor and the actual situation.
As can be seen from fig. 6, the profile curve measured by the outside laser displacement sensor 9 needs to be rotated clockwise by a certain angle, and the rotation angle α is (a 1 -90) degrees. The inner laser displacement sensor 10 is also required to rotate clockwise by a certain angle, which should be (B1-90) in theory, however, since the rails on both sides are not completely horizontal when laid, the two wheels of the same wheel set are not on the same horizontal plane, and the wheels and the axle bear all the weight of the train, resulting in bending deformation of the axle. The above factors may cause the inner rim surface of the wheel to be inclined at an angle other than perpendicular to the horizontal plane, so that the rotation angle of the profile curve measured by the inboard laser displacement sensor 10 is no longer (B1-90), and the actual rotation angle may be different for different wheels. However, the inner rim surface segment in the profile curve measured by the inner laser displacement sensor 10 is still straight (straight segment in curve (a) in fig. 6), so the rotation angle α is calculated according to the straight line equation in this embodiment.
The inclination angle b of the straight line segment of the inner rim surface of the wheel with respect to the horizontal direction (the rotation angle for rotating the straight line segment of the inner rim surface to be horizontal) in the profile curve measured by the inner laser displacement sensor 10 can be calculated by the following method: taking any two points on the inclined straight line corresponding to the inner rim surface section on the curve (a) (such as two endpoints (x 1, y 1) and (xn, yn) on the inclined straight line), the inclination angle can be calculated:
calculating the points for multiple times to obtain a series of angle tangent values tanb1, tanb2, tanb3, … … and tanbk, and averaging the tangent values to obtain the following components:
tan b＝(tan b1+tan b2+tan b3+......+tan bk)/k
therefore, when the inner rim surface segment is linearly rotated to be vertical, the rotation angle α is (b-90 °), and the rotation formula is as follows:
as shown in fig. 7, the two curves obtained by rotating the filtered invalid data in fig. 6 according to the above rotation angles are the curves obtained by rotating the inner laser displacement sensor 10, and the curve (a) is the curve obtained by rotating the outer laser displacement sensor 9.
Step five, curve splicing and integration
The end points of the profile curve measured by the inner laser displacement sensor 10 are used as characteristic points, the curves measured by the two sensors after rotation are spliced, the slope at the end points is relatively larger, and the measuring influence on the rim parameters is smaller. And after splicing, the X coordinates and the Y coordinates of the two curves are integrated again, and during integration, the X coordinates of each point on the inner rim surface which is actually measured are inconsistent, so that the average value of the X coordinates of the inner rim surface is taken, the average value is integrated into 0, and the contour curve obtained after integration is shown in figure 8.
The curve splicing method specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, the maximum value a of the curve after the rotation of the contour line measured by the inner laser displacement sensor 10 is obtained 1 Endpoint value a 2 Acquiring the maximum value b of the curve after the profile measured by the outside laser displacement sensor 9 rotates 1 And find b in the curve after the profile measured by the outside laser displacement sensor 9 rotates 2 ＝b 1 -(a 1 -a 2 ) Since the measured curve is a discontinuous point, if there is no point in the curve exactly corresponding to b 2 Finding b 2 Coordinates of the left and right points (X 1 ，Y 1 ) And (X) 2 ，Y 2 )(Y coordinates are just greater than b 2 And just less than b 2 Coordinates of two points) and b) is calculated using the following formula 2 X coordinates at:
by (X) b2 ，b 2 ) And (5) splicing the points to obtain the spliced contour line.
Step six, calculating rim parameters
After the profile curve is obtained, three parameters of the rim height, the rim thickness and the rim comprehensive value are calculated according to the measurement standard specified in TB/T449-2003 locomotive wheel rim tread shape. If there is no measured value at the measuring point of a certain rim parameter, the following formula is adopted for approximate calculation:
if the Y coordinate of a certain measurement point is known, when the X coordinate of the point is obtained, the approximate calculation is performed by using formula (1), wherein Y1 and Y2 are respectively greater than and less than the Y coordinate, and the Y coordinate values of the two points closest to the Y coordinate are the coordinates of the two corresponding points. If the X coordinate of a certain measurement point is known, when the Y coordinate of the point is obtained, the approximate calculation is performed by using the formula (2), wherein X1 and X2 are respectively greater than and less than the X coordinate, and the X coordinate values of the two points closest to the X coordinate are the coordinates of the two corresponding points.
In addition, the profile curve measured by the inner laser displacement sensor 10 is rotated according to an angle b, the rotation center is a (0, 0) point, a horizontal profile curve of the inner rim is obtained, and the distance L1 from the inner laser displacement sensor 10 to the inner rim surface of the wheel is further obtained; similarly, the distance L2 from the inner side laser displacement sensor 10 of the steel rail on the other side to the inner rim surface of the wheel can be obtained; if the mounting distance between the two laser displacement sensors is L, the wheel set inner distance is d=l+l1+l2.
The invention and its embodiments have been described above by way of illustration and not limitation, and the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described in the drawings in which the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if one of ordinary skill in the art is informed by this disclosure, the structural mode and the embodiments similar to the technical scheme are not creatively designed without departing from the gist of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The on-line dynamic measuring method for the wheel rim parameters of the rail transit wheels is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, acquisition of wheel contour lines
When a wheel passes through, two 2D laser displacement sensors are controlled to simultaneously acquire the tread profile of the wheel, wherein an inner laser displacement sensor (10) acquires the profile line from the inner rim surface of the wheel to the outer side of the wheel rim, and an outer laser displacement sensor (9) acquires the profile line from the top point of the wheel rim of the wheel to the nominal rolling circle;
wherein the outside laser displacement sensor (9) is arranged outside the track (11), the inside laser displacement sensor (10) is arranged inside the track (11), and the height of the sensing head of the outside laser displacement sensor (9) higher than the top surface of the track (11) is H 1 A horizontal distance L from the center of the rail top 1 The included angle between the detection beam and the direction vertical to the track is A 1 An included angle A with the direction parallel to the track 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The height of the sensing head of the inner laser displacement sensor (10) lower than the top surface of the track (11) is H 2 A horizontal distance L from the center of the rail top 2 An included angle B with the direction vertical to the track 1 ；
Step two, extracting contour lines
Selecting a contour line passing through the normal line of the rim and detected by the inner side laser displacement sensor (10), namely a contour line when the rim is at the lowest point in all contour lines, and a contour line correspondingly detected by the outer side laser displacement sensor (9) at the same moment;
step three, extracting effective data
Filtering invalid curve data in the selected profile curve, thereby extracting valid data;
step four, rotating the contour curve
And (3) rotating the two processed profile curves in the clockwise direction according to the following formula:
X＝(x 1 -x 0 )cosα-(y 1 -y 0 )sinα+x 0
Y＝(x 1 -x 0 )sinα+(y 1 -y 0 )cosα+y 0
wherein: (X, Y) is the coordinates of the curve after rotation, (X) 1 ，y 1 ) Is the coordinates of the curve before rotation, (x 0 ，y 0 ) Is the coordinate of the rotation center, the (0, 0) point is taken, and alpha is the rotation angle; wherein the rotation angle alpha of the outer laser displacement sensor (9) is (A) 1 -90) degrees, the rotation angle α of the inboard laser displacement sensor (10) being taken as (b-90) degrees, wherein b is the inclination angle of the straight line segment of the wheel inner rim surface in the profile curve measured by the inboard laser displacement sensor (10) relative to the horizontal direction;
the inclination angle b of the straight line segment of the inner rim surface of the wheel in the profile curve measured by the inner laser displacement sensor (10) relative to the horizontal direction is calculated as follows: the inner rim surface of the wheel in the profile curve measured by the inner laser displacement sensor (10) is an inclined straight line, and the inclination angle can be calculated by taking any two points on the inclined straight line:
calculating the points for multiple times to obtain a series of angle tangent values tanb1, tanb2, tanb3, … … and tanbk, and averaging the tangent values to obtain the following components:
tanb＝(tanb1+tanb2+tanb3+......+tanbk)/k
then in the rotation equation:
step five, curve splicing and integration
The end points of the profile curves measured by the inner side laser displacement sensors (10) are used as characteristic points, the curves measured by the two sensors after rotation are spliced, the X coordinates and the Y coordinates of the two curves are integrated again after splicing, the average value of the X coordinates of the inner rim surface is taken during integration, and then the average value is integrated into 0;
step six, calculating rim parameters
And calculating the wheel rim parameters according to the obtained spliced and integrated profile curve.
2. The method for dynamically measuring the wheel rim parameters of the rail transit wheels on line according to claim 1, wherein the method for splicing curves in the fifth step is specifically as follows: firstly, the maximum value a of a curve after the rotation of a profile measured by an inner laser displacement sensor (10) is obtained 1 Endpoint value a 2 Acquiring the maximum value b of the curve after the profile line measured by the outside laser displacement sensor (9) rotates 1 B is found in the curve after the rotation of the profile line measured by the outside laser displacement sensor (9) 2 ＝b 1 -(a 1 -a 2 ) If there is no point in the curve that corresponds exactly, find b 2 Coordinates of the left and right points (X 1 ，Y 1 ) And (X) 2 ，Y 2 ) B is calculated by the following formula 2 X coordinates at:
by (X) b2 ，b 2 ) And (5) splicing the points to obtain the spliced contour line.
3. The method for dynamically measuring the wheel rim parameters of the rail transit wheels on line according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step six, three parameters of the rim height, the rim thickness and the rim comprehensive value are calculated according to the measurement standard specified in the rim tread appearance standard of the locomotive wheel, and if no measurement value exists at the measurement point of a certain rim parameter, the following formula is adopted for approximate calculation:
wherein, when knowing the Y coordinate of a certain measurement point, the X coordinate of the point is calculated by using the formula (1), and when knowing the X coordinate of a certain measurement point, the Y coordinate of the point is calculated by using the formula (2);
the calculation method of the wheel set inner side distance is as follows:
rotating the profile curve measured by the inner laser displacement sensor (10) according to an angle b, wherein the rotation center is a (0, 0) point, so as to obtain a horizontal profile curve of the inner rim, and further obtain the distance L1 from the inner laser displacement sensor (10) to the inner rim surface of the wheel; similarly, the distance L2 from the inner side laser displacement sensor (10) of the steel rail at the other side to the inner rim surface of the wheel can be obtained; if the mounting distance between the two laser displacement sensors is L, the wheel set inner distance is d=l+l1+l2.
4. A method for on-line dynamic measurement of rail transit wheel rim parameters according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized by: the outside laser displacement sensor (9) and the inside laser displacement sensor (10) are two-dimensional laser displacement sensors, and the distance between the sensing heads along the direction parallel to the track (11) is L 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Two ofThe mounting position of the laser displacement sensor satisfies the following formula:
tanA 2 ＝(R-H 1 )/L 3
r is the radius of the wheel to be measured, when the sensing head is higher than the rail top, H1 is positive, and otherwise, the radius is negative.
5. The method for dynamically measuring the rim parameters of the rail transit wheels on line according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: two tracks (11) all symmetry install outside laser displacement sensor (9) and inboard laser displacement sensor (10), and outside laser displacement sensor (9) and inboard laser displacement sensor (10) all install through sensor installation mechanism, this sensor installation mechanism includes bottom plate (1), inboard mounting panel (3) and outside mounting panel (8), wherein bottom plate (1) fixed mounting is in track (11) bottom, inboard mounting panel (3) and outside mounting panel (8) all link to each other with bottom plate (1) is fixed, and the installation angle of inboard mounting panel (3) and outside mounting panel (8) respectively with inboard laser displacement sensor (10), outside laser displacement sensor (9) installation angle is corresponding.
6. The method for dynamically measuring the rim parameters of the rail transit wheels on line according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: install backup pad (4) on bottom plate (1), backup pad (4) are fixed continuous with regulating plate (7), and outside mounting panel (8) erection bracing is on regulating plate (7), and the holding surface processing of backup pad (4) is the corresponding two-dimensional inclined plane of installation angle with outside laser displacement sensor (9).
7. The method for dynamically measuring the rim parameters of the rail transit wheels on line according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the outer mounting plate (8) is rotatably connected with the adjusting plate (7) through a bearing and is fixed through a bolt.
8. The method for dynamically measuring the rim parameters of the rail transit wheels on line according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the adjusting plate (7) is provided with a self-aligning bearing seat (6), and the outer mounting plate (8) is correspondingly provided with a self-aligning bearing which is in running fit with the self-aligning bearing seat (6); and the outer mounting plate (8) is provided with a fixing hole (802) and a fine-tuning threaded hole (803), wherein the inner diameter of the fixing hole is larger than the diameter of a fixing bolt in the fixing hole.
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| CN213619768U (en) * | 2018-12-09 | 2021-07-06 | 马鞍山市雷狮轨道交通装备有限公司 | Online dynamic measurement device for wheel rim parameters of rail transit vehicle |
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