CN109334709B - Device and method for measuring wheel rim parameters - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring wheel rim parameters Download PDFInfo
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- CN109334709B CN109334709B CN201811499721.6A CN201811499721A CN109334709B CN 109334709 B CN109334709 B CN 109334709B CN 201811499721 A CN201811499721 A CN 201811499721A CN 109334709 B CN109334709 B CN 109334709B
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- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring wheel rim parameters of a wheel, and belongs to the technical field of rim parameter detection. One of the present invention is for measuringThe device for the parameters of the wheel rim comprises a first laser displacement sensor and a second laser displacement sensor which are arranged on the inner side of a track, wherein the first laser displacement sensor is arranged right below the wheel rim, and the distance between a sensing head and a track top plane is H 1 The horizontal distance from the center of the top surface of the steel rail is L 1 And the included angle between the detection beam and the direction parallel to the track is A 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The distance between the sensing head of the second laser displacement sensor and the rail top plane is H 2 The horizontal distance from the center of the top surface of the steel rail is L 2 And the included angle between the detection beam and the direction perpendicular to the track is B 1 An included angle B with the direction parallel to the steel rail 2 . By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the wheel rim parameters of the wheel can be measured on line, and the measurement accuracy is relatively high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rim parameter detection, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring rim parameters of a wheel.
Background
With the rapid development of rail transit in China, the safety problem of on-line running of trains is increasingly remarkable. The wheel set is the part of the train in contact with the rail. The wheel pair ensures the running and steering of the locomotive on the steel rail, bears all static and dynamic loads from the train, transmits the static and dynamic loads to the steel rail, and transmits the loads generated by unsmooth lines to all parts of the train. In addition, the driving and braking of the train vehicle is also effected by wheel sets. Therefore, the condition of the wheel set is directly related to the running quality and safety of the train, and the real-time monitoring of the size parameters of the train is an important measure for ensuring the safe running of the train.
In the traditional technology, manual measurement and static measurement methods are generally adopted to measure the wheel rim parameters, the detection precision is poor, and the detection efficiency is low, so that the research and development of an online dynamic detection technology are promoted. For the on-line detection technology of the wheel set size, the early method adopts the CCD image measurement technology for measurement, but the system structure arrangement of the method is complex and is greatly influenced by vibration and environment. With the development of sensor technology, laser ranging is increasingly widely applied, and many researchers start to apply laser displacement sensors to online dynamic detection of wheel rim parameters.
For example, the application with application number 201610365458.6 discloses an online detection method and system for the size of a train wheel set, the method obtains the diameter of a rim vertex circle and the speed of a vehicle through a laser opposite-irradiation photoelectric switch, positions the lowest point of the rim and the height to the ground through an eddy current sensor, and obtains the tread contour line of the wheel according to the point on the wheel detected by an inner side and outer side 1D laser displacement sensor, thereby obtaining the height, thickness and diameter of the rim, but the detection precision of the application needs to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved by the invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing method for measuring the wheel rim parameters, and provides a device and a method for measuring the wheel rim parameters. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the wheel rim parameters of the wheel can be measured on line, and the measurement accuracy is relatively high.
2. Technical proposal
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a device for measuring parameters of a wheel rim of a wheel, which comprises a first laser displacement sensor and a second laser displacement sensor which are arranged on the inner side of a track, wherein the first laser displacement sensor is arranged right below the wheel rim, and is used for measuring profile curves from the top point of the rim to the throat part of the rim in an inclined upward manner, and the distance between a sensing head and a plane of the rail top is H 1 The horizontal distance from the center of the top surface of the steel rail is L 1 And the included angle between the detection beam and the direction parallel to the track is A 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The second laser displacement sensor is used for measuring the position of the inner rim surface of the wheel to the vertex of the rim, and the bagPart of the tread profile including the nominal rolling circle, the distance from the sensing head to the rail top plane is H 2 The horizontal distance from the center of the top surface of the steel rail is L 2 And the included angle between the detection beam and the direction perpendicular to the track is B 1 An included angle B with the direction parallel to the steel rail 2 。
Furthermore, the first laser displacement sensor and the second laser displacement sensor are two-dimensional laser displacement sensors, and the first laser displacement sensor and the second laser displacement sensor are arranged on the inner sides of the tracks on the two sides.
Still further, first laser displacement sensor and second laser displacement sensor all install on the installing support, and this installing support includes bottom plate, first mounting panel and second mounting panel, and wherein bottom plate fixed mounting is in the track bottom, and first mounting panel and the equal fixed mounting of second mounting panel are on the bottom plate, and the installation angle and the height of first mounting panel correspond with the installation angle and the height of first laser displacement sensor, and the installation angle and the height of second mounting panel correspond with the installation angle and the height of second laser displacement sensor.
Furthermore, a first supporting plate is fixedly arranged on the bottom plate, the first mounting plate is fixedly connected with the first supporting plate, the lower part of the first supporting plate is distributed along the vertical direction, an inclined included angle exists between the upper part of the first supporting plate and the lower part of the first supporting plate, and the inclined angle is equal to the inclined angle A of the detection light beam of the first laser displacement sensor 1 The same applies.
Further, the first mounting plate is rotatably connected with the first supporting plate through a bearing and is fastened and connected through a bolt, and fine-tuning threaded holes are formed in the first mounting plate.
Further, a second supporting plate is fixed on the bottom plate, an adjusting plate is arranged on the second supporting plate, the second mounting plate is arranged on the adjusting plate in a supporting manner, and the inclination angle of the second mounting plate is equal to the inclination angle A of the second laser displacement sensor 2 Matching.
The invention relates to a method for measuring wheel rim parameters, comprising the following steps:
step one, contour line acquisition
When a wheel passes through, two laser displacement sensors are controlled to simultaneously acquire the tread profile of the wheel, wherein a first laser displacement sensor acquires the profile line from the rim top of the wheel to the throat of the rim, and a second laser displacement sensor acquires the profile line from the rim surface of the wheel to the rim top and part of the tread profile line including a nominal rolling circle;
step two, extracting contour lines
Extracting contour curves passing through the wheel normals or closest to the wheel normals from the contour curves measured by the two laser displacement sensors;
step three, extracting effective data
Filtering invalid data in the two contour lines, thereby obtaining a contour line after extracting valid data;
step four, curve rotation
Rotating the profile line measured by the second laser displacement sensor, wherein the rotation formula is as follows:
X＝(x 1 -x 0 )cosα-(y 1 -y 0 )sinα+x 0
Y＝(x 1 -x 0 )sinα+(y 1 -y 0 )cosα+y 0
wherein: (X, Y) is the coordinates of the curve after rotation, (X) 1 ，y 1 ) Is the coordinates of the curve before rotation, (x 0 ，y 0 ) Is the coordinate of the rotation center, alpha is the rotation angle, and alpha is (b-90) degrees, wherein b is the inclination angle of the straight line section of the inner rim surface of the wheel relative to the horizontal direction in the profile curve measured by the second laser displacement sensor.
Step four, curve splicing and integration
The method comprises the steps of taking an endpoint of a profile curve measured by a first laser displacement sensor as a characteristic point, splicing the profile curve measured by the first laser displacement sensor with a rotated profile curve measured by a second laser displacement sensor, integrating coordinates of spliced profile curve data after splicing, taking an average value of an inner rim surface when integrating the coordinates, integrating the average value into 0, butting by an X coordinate and a Y coordinate of a splicing point, and splicing a continuous coordinate curve;
step five, calculating the rim parameters
After the profile curve is obtained, three parameters of the rim height, the rim thickness and the rim comprehensive value are calculated according to the measurement standard specified in the tread profile standard of the locomotive wheel rim.
Further, when the first laser displacement sensor detects that the rim peak of the wheel is at the minimum Z-axis measurement point, namely the measurement value of the rim peak is Z A1 In the second step, the contour line and the contour line measured by the second laser displacement sensor pass through the normal line of the wheel or are near the normal line of the wheel, no matter the diameter of the wheel and the height of the wheel rim, so the contour line extraction method comprises the following steps: reading the distance value of the rim top point in the profile line measured by the first laser displacement sensor, when the distance value of the rim top point is Z A1 Or is closest to Z A1 And then extracting the contour line measured by the second laser displacement sensor at the same time, namely the required second contour line.
Furthermore, the splicing method of the curves in the fourth step is as follows: obtaining the maximum value a in the profile curve measured by the first laser displacement sensor 1 And Y coordinate a at the contour curve end point 2 Then, the maximum value b of the profile curve measured by the second laser displacement sensor is obtained 1 Finding Y coordinate b from the inner side of the rim of the profile line measured by the second laser displacement sensor 2 ＝b 1 -(a 1 -a 2 ) Point X of (2) b2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the With (X) on the profile measured by the second laser displacement sensor b2 ，b 2 ) And the characteristic points are spliced with the end points of the profile line measured by the first laser displacement sensor, so that a partial tread profile curve from the inner rim surface to the rim throat and including a nominal flow circle is obtained.
Further, if the Y coordinate b is not present on the profile measured by the second laser displacement sensor 2 ＝b 1 -(a 1 -a 2 ) Then the X coordinate of the desired point is calculated using the following formula:
wherein X is b2 For the X coordinate of the point sought, (X) 1 ，Y 1 )，(X 2 ，Y 2 ) B is the coordinates of the left and right points of the required point 2 Is the Y coordinate of the point sought.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The device for measuring the wheel rim parameters of the wheels comprises the first laser displacement sensor and the second laser displacement sensor which are arranged on the inner side of the track, wherein the installation positions and the angles of the two laser displacement sensors are designed, and detection data of the two laser displacement sensors are processed, so that the wheel rim parameters of the wheels of the train can be dynamically measured on line, and the measurement accuracy is higher.
(2) According to the device for measuring the wheel rim parameters, the mounting bracket of the laser displacement sensor is subjected to structural optimization, so that the laser displacement sensor is convenient to mount, the mounting angle of the laser displacement sensor is convenient to adjust, and the accurate mounting of the laser displacement sensor is guaranteed.
(3) The invention relates to a method for measuring wheel rim parameters, which comprises the steps of firstly detecting the contour lines of wheels through two laser displacement sensors arranged on the inner sides of a track, extracting contour curves passing through the normal line of the wheels or closest to the normal line of the wheels in the contour curves detected by the two laser displacement sensors, then extracting effective data, rotating, splicing and integrating the curves, thereby obtaining the contour curves of the wheels to be measured, and directly calculating and obtaining three parameters of the rim height, the rim thickness and the rim comprehensive value according to the specification of the wheel tread profile standard of the wheels of rolling stock.
(4) According to the method for measuring the wheel rim parameters, the end points of the profile curve measured by the first laser displacement sensor are used as the characteristic points, and the profile curve measured by the first laser displacement sensor is spliced with the rotated profile curve measured by the second laser displacement sensor, so that the detection precision can be effectively improved, and the influence of external interference on a measurement result is prevented.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a measuring range of a 2D laser displacement sensor;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of laser scanning ranges of two laser displacement sensors according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of a first laser displacement sensor;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of a second laser displacement sensor;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of two laser displacement sensors;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the mounting bracket of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a contour plot after extraction of valid data;
FIG. 8 is a rotated profile curve;
fig. 9 is a contour plot after stitching.
Reference numerals in the schematic drawings illustrate:
1. a bottom plate; 101. reinforcing ribs; 2. a second support plate; 3. an adjusting plate; 4. a second mounting plate; 5. a second bearing seat; 6. a first support plate; 7. a first mounting plate; 701. a fixing hole; 702. fine tuning the threaded hole; 8. a first bearing seat; 9. a track; 10. a first laser displacement sensor; 11. and a second laser displacement sensor.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the present invention, the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 2-5, the device for measuring parameters of a wheel rim of a vehicle comprises a first laser displacement sensor 10 and a second laser displacement sensor 11 mounted on the inner side of a track 9, wherein the first laser displacement sensor 10 is mounted right under the wheel rim, and measures the peak of the rim obliquely upwards to the throat of the rim (the laser scanning range of the first laser displacement sensor 10 needs to comprise the thickness of the rim and the measuring base point of the integrated value of the rim)Contour curve, the distance between the sensing head and the rail top plane is H 1 The horizontal distance from the center of the top surface of the steel rail is L 1 And the included angle between the detection beam and the direction parallel to the track 9 is A 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The second laser displacement sensor 11 is used for measuring the rim surface to the rim top point in the wheel and the partial tread profile including the nominal rolling circle, and the distance between the sensing head and the rail top plane is H 2 The horizontal distance from the center of the top surface of the steel rail is L 2 And the included angle between the detection beam and the direction perpendicular to the track is B 1 An included angle B with the direction parallel to the steel rail 2 。
The first laser displacement sensor 10 and the second laser displacement sensor 11 are two-dimensional laser displacement sensors, and the distance between the detection heads along the direction parallel to the steel rail is L 3 And the first laser displacement sensor 10 and the second laser displacement sensor 11 are arranged on the inner sides of the two-side tracks, so that rim parameters of the two-side wheels can be measured.
The 2D laser displacement sensor has two measuring ranges, namely an X axis and a Z axis, wherein the X axis can be regarded as the measuring width range, the Z axis can be regarded as the measuring length range, as shown in FIG. 1, which is a schematic diagram of the measuring range of the 2D laser displacement sensor, and the measuring range of the X axis is X 1 -X 2 The measuring range of the Z axis is Z 1 -Z 2 I.e., the trapezoid area in the illustration, the contour line can be measured only if the object to be measured falls within the trapezoid area. The measuring range of the first laser displacement sensor 10 is smaller than that of the second laser displacement sensor 11 in this embodiment.
The model, the installation position and the angle of the two laser displacement sensors meet the requirement of a measuring range, namely, the requirement that the first laser displacement sensor 10 obliquely upwards measures the profile curve from the rim top point to the rim throat is met, and the second laser displacement sensor 11 is used for measuring the profile of part of the tread surface from the rim surface to the rim top point in the wheel and the part of the tread surface including the nominal rolling circle. Meanwhile, in order to facilitate extraction of the contour curves, sin a in the present embodiment 1 ＝(R-H1)/(Z A1 +R+Sh)，tan B 2 ＝(R-H2)/((Z A1 +R+Sh)cos A 1 +L3)。
In the above formula, if the sensing head of the first laser displacement sensor 10 is higher than the rail top, H1 is positive, otherwise, negative; if the sensing head of the second laser displacement sensor 11 is higher than the rail top, H2 is positive, otherwise negative. Z is Z A1 For the minimum Z-axis value of the measurement range of the first laser displacement sensor 10, R is the intermediate value between the new wheel radius and the abrasion to the limited wheel radius in the wheel to be measured, namely: r= (R New wheel +R Limiting wheel ) And/2, sh is an intermediate value within the allowable rim height range of the wheel, that is, sh= (Sh) Upper limit value +Sh Lower limit value )/2，Sh Upper limit value Is the upper limit value of the rim height of a certain specification of wheel, sh Lower limit value The rim height lower limit value of the wheel with the specification is set.
Example 2
The device for measuring parameters of a wheel rim according to this embodiment is basically the same as that of embodiment 1, further, the first laser displacement sensor 10 and the second laser displacement sensor 11 are mounted on a mounting bracket, and as shown in fig. 6, the mounting bracket includes a bottom plate 1, a first mounting plate 7 and a second mounting plate 4, wherein the bottom plate 1 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the track 9, the first mounting plate 7 and the second mounting plate 4 are fixedly mounted on the bottom plate 1, the mounting angle and the height of the first mounting plate 7 correspond to those of the first laser displacement sensor 10, and the mounting angle and the height of the second mounting plate 4 correspond to those of the second laser displacement sensor 11.
Specifically, the base plate 1 is fixedly provided with a first support plate 6, the first mounting plate 7 is fixedly connected with the first support plate 6, the lower portion of the first support plate 6 is distributed along the vertical direction, an inclined included angle exists between the upper portion of the first support plate 6 and the lower portion of the first support plate 6, and the inclined angle is equal to the inclined angle A of the detection light beam of the first laser displacement sensor 10 1 The same applies.
In this embodiment, the first mounting plate 7 is rotatably connected to the first support plate 6 through a bearing and fastened and connected by a bolt, and the first mounting plate 7 is provided with a fine adjustment threaded hole 702. Specifically, the first support plate 6 is provided with a first bearing seat 8, the first mounting plate 7 is provided with a self-aligning bearing matched with the first bearing seat 8, and the end part of the first bearing seat 8 is inserted into the self-aligning bearing, so that the mounting angle of the first mounting plate 7 can be adjusted. When the first mounting plate 7 rotates to a proper position relative to the first support plate 6, the fine adjustment bolt is screwed into the fine adjustment threaded hole 702, and the fine adjustment bolt is continuously screwed when the end part of the fine adjustment bolt is propped against the first support plate 6, so that the first mounting plate 7 can be driven to continuously rotate to finely adjust the relative position and angle of the first mounting plate 7 and the first support plate 6, and after the adjustment, the first mounting plate 7 is fastened and connected with the first support plate 6 through four fastening bolts (the fixing holes 701 are screwed in, and the size of the fixing holes 701 is larger than that of the fastening bolts). The first mount has three threaded holes for mounting the first laser displacement sensor 10.
The bottom plate 1 is also fixed with a second supporting plate 2, the second supporting plate 2 is provided with an adjusting plate 3, the second mounting plate 4 is supported and arranged on the adjusting plate 3, and the inclination angle of the second mounting plate 4 and the inclination angle A of the second laser displacement sensor 11 are equal to each other 2 Matching. The second mounting plate 4 is rotatably connected with the adjusting plate 3 through a second bearing 5, and the mounting structure and the mounting angle adjusting method between the second mounting plate 4 and the adjusting plate 3 are the same as those between the first mounting seat 7 and the first supporting plate 6.
Example 3
A device for measuring parameters of a rim of a wheel according to this embodiment is basically the same as that of embodiment 2, and differs mainly in that: in this embodiment, the reinforcing ribs 101 are disposed between the first support plate 6 and the bottom plate and between the second support plate 2 and the adjusting plate, so that the structural stability of the whole mounting bracket is improved.
Example 4
The device for measuring the wheel rim parameters of the wheels of the train has the same structure as that of the embodiment 3, and the device for measuring the wheel rim parameters of the wheels of the train specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, contour line acquisition
When the wheel passes, two laser displacement sensors are controlled to simultaneously acquire the tread profile of the wheel, wherein the first laser positionThe motion sensor 10 captures the contour line from the rim apex to the throat of the rim of the wheel, and the second laser displacement sensor 11 captures the contour line from the rim surface to the rim apex of the wheel, as well as the partial tread surface including the nominal rolling circle. When the profile curves are collected, the two laser displacement sensors continuously collect all the profile curves of the wheel when the wheel passes by at a certain frequency (the frequency can be the same or different), and the original profile curve data of the wheel is obtained. In this embodiment, the diameter of the wheel to be measured is d=770-84mm, sh=29 mm, and the minimum value Z of the Z-axis measurement range of the first laser displacement sensor 10 is used A1 ＝57mm，H 1 ＝-45mm，H 2 ＝-1mm，L 1 ＝52.5mm，L 2 ＝200mm，L 3 ＝142.69mm，B 1 ＝30°，B2＝50°，A1＝67°。
Step two, extracting contour lines
And extracting contour curves passing through the wheel normal or closest to the wheel normal from the contour curves measured by the two laser displacement sensors.
To accurately measure the rim parameters, those two profile curves that pass through the normal to the wheel must be selected from a plurality of raw profile curves. It is verified by a manager that when the measured profile is not much deviated from the normal (as shown in fig. 5, the deviation is that the distance Δr of the detection beam from the center of the wheel is less than 5% of the radius of the wheel), the influence on the wheel rim parameter is small and negligible. Therefore, in this embodiment, by optimally designing the mounting positions and angles of the two laser displacement sensors, it is ensured that when the first laser displacement sensor 10 detects that the rim vertex of the wheel is at the minimum Z-axis measurement point, i.e., the measured value of the rim vertex is Z A1 The contour line and thus the contour line measured by the second laser displacement sensor 11 passes through or near the wheel normal, regardless of the diameter of the measured wheel and the rim height. Therefore, the contour extraction method here is: reading the distance value of the rim peak in the profile measured by the first laser displacement sensor 10, when the distance value of the rim peak is Z A1 Or is closest to Z A1 The contour line is the contour line of the first laser displacement sensor 10, and then the same is extractedThe profile measured by the second laser displacement sensor 11 at the moment is the required second profile.
Step three, extracting effective data
And filtering invalid data in the two contour lines, thereby obtaining the contour line after extracting valid data.
In the data of the contour lines measured by the 2D laser displacement sensor, valid data can be measured only if the contour lines exist in the measuring range, and invalid data can be measured if the contour lines exist in the measuring range. In addition, when interference is caused by other factors, mutation data appears in the measured profile data, and the mutation data is invalid data. Therefore, it is necessary to extract valid data in the selected two contour lines. Two criteria for extracting valid data are: first, data in a measurement range is extracted, for example, the Z-axis measurement range of the first 2D laser displacement sensor is Z A1 -Z A2 Data not within the range are all invalid data; and secondly, eliminating abrupt change data according to the characteristics of the curve, for example, when the curve is in a descending trend, suddenly increasing data, wherein the data is the abrupt change data and is required to be eliminated. The profile curve after extracting the effective data is shown in fig. 7, where curve (a) is the profile measured by the first laser displacement sensor 10, and curve (b) is the profile measured by the second laser displacement sensor 11.
Step four, curve rotation
After extracting the effective data, the coordinates (x, y) of each point forming the contour line can be obtained, the contour line measured by the first laser displacement sensor 10 does not need to rotate, the contour line measured by the second laser displacement sensor 11 rotates anticlockwise, and the rotation formula is as follows:
X＝(x 1 -x 0 )cosα-(y 1 -y 0 )sinα+x 0
Y＝(x 1 -x 0 )sinα+(y 1 -y 0 )cosα+y 0
wherein: (X, Y) is the coordinates of the curve after rotation, (X) 1 ，y 1 ) Is the coordinates of the curve before rotation, (x 0 ，y 0 ) Is the coordinate of the center of rotation and α is the rotation angle. RotatingThe profile of the two lasers is then shown in fig. 8. Wherein curve (a) is the profile measured by the first laser displacement sensor 10 and curve (b) is the profile measured by the second laser displacement sensor 11.
As can be seen from fig. 7, in theory, the profile measured by the second laser displacement sensor 11 should be rotated counterclockwise by an angle B1, but due to the serpentine shape existing during the running of the wheel, the serpentine shape can cause a certain serpentine deflection angle between the inner rim surface of the wheel and the track direction, thereby affecting the detection result. Therefore, the rotation is not performed according to the angle B1 in the present embodiment, and the actual rotation angle may be different for different wheels. However, the inner rim surface segment in the profile curve measured by the second laser displacement sensor 11 is still straight (straight segment in curve (b) in fig. 7), so the rotation angle α is calculated according to the straight line equation in this embodiment.
The inclination angle b of the straight line segment of the inner rim surface of the wheel in the profile curve measured by the second laser displacement sensor 11 with respect to the horizontal direction (the rotation angle for rotating the straight line segment of the inner rim surface to be horizontal) can be calculated by the following method: taking any two points on the inclined straight line corresponding to the inner rim surface section on the curve (b) (such as two endpoints (x 1, y 1) and (xn, yn) on the inclined straight line), the inclination angle can be calculated:
calculating the points for multiple times to obtain a series of angle tangent values tanb1, tanb2, tanb3, … … and tanbk, and averaging the tangent values to obtain the following components:
tan b＝(tan b1+tan b2+tan b3+......+tan bk)/k
therefore, when the inner rim surface segment is linearly rotated to be perpendicular, the rotation angle α is (90-b) degrees, and the rotation formula is as follows:
And the end point of the profile curve measured by the first laser displacement sensor 10 is used as a characteristic point, the profile curve measured by the first laser displacement sensor 10 and the rotated profile curve measured by the second laser displacement sensor 11 are spliced, coordinate integration is carried out on spliced profile curve data after the completion of the splicing, an average value of the inner rim surface is taken during the coordinate integration, the average value is integrated into 0, then the X coordinate and the Y coordinate of a splicing point are used for butt joint, a continuous coordinate curve is spliced, and the spliced profile curve is shown in fig. 9.
As can be seen from the rotated profile curve, the Y value at the rim vertex has small change, namely the slope of the curve is small, so if the rim vertex is taken as a characteristic point for stitching, the X coordinate of the rim vertex is difficult to find, and finally the measured profile thickness (Sd) is greatly different from the actual value. The Y coordinates near the rim vertex have small differences, so that the present embodiment uses the endpoint of the profile curve measured by the first laser displacement sensor 10 as the feature point for stitching, and the slope at the endpoint is relatively large, so that the measurement effect on the rim parameter is small.
The method for splicing the curves in the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps: obtaining the maximum value (Y coordinate of the rim vertex) a in the profile curve measured by the first laser displacement sensor 10 1 And Y coordinate a at the contour curve end point 2 Then, the maximum value b of the profile curve measured by the second laser displacement sensor 11 is obtained 1 Finding Y coordinate b from the inner side of the rim of the profile measured by the second laser displacement sensor 11 2 ＝b 1 -(a 1 -a 2 ) Point X of (2) b2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the With (X) on the profile measured by the second laser displacement sensor 11 b2 ，b 2 ) Is a characteristic point, and is spliced with the end point of the profile measured by the first laser displacement sensor 10, so as to obtain a partial tread profile curve from the inner rim surface to the rim throat and including a nominal flow circle.
If the Y coordinate b does not exist on the profile measured by the second laser displacement sensor 11 2 ＝b 1 -(a 1 -a 2 ) Then the X coordinate of the desired point is calculated using the following formula:
wherein X is b2 For the X coordinate of the point sought, (X) 1 ，Y 1 )，(X 2 ，Y 2 ) B is the coordinates of the left and right points of the required point 2 Is the Y coordinate of the point sought.
Step five, calculating the rim parameters
After the profile curve is obtained, three parameters of the rim height, the rim thickness and the rim comprehensive value are calculated according to the measurement standard specified in TB/T449-2003 locomotive wheel rim tread shape. If there is no measured value at the measuring point of a certain rim parameter, the following formula is adopted for approximate calculation:
if the Y coordinate of a certain measurement point is known, when the X coordinate of the point is obtained, the approximate calculation is performed by using formula (1), wherein Y1 and Y2 are respectively greater than and less than the Y coordinate, and the Y coordinate values of the two points closest to the Y coordinate are the coordinates of the two corresponding points. If the X coordinate of a certain measurement point is known, when the Y coordinate of the point is obtained, the approximate calculation is performed by using the formula (2), wherein X1 and X2 are respectively greater than and less than the X coordinate, and the X coordinate values of the two points closest to the X coordinate are the coordinates of the two corresponding points.
Claims (9)
1. A method for measuring a wheel rim parameter, comprising the steps of:
step one, contour line acquisition
When a wheel passes through, two laser displacement sensors are controlled to simultaneously acquire the tread profile of the wheel, wherein a first laser displacement sensor (10) acquires the profile line from the rim top of the wheel to the throat of the rim, and a second laser displacement sensor (11) acquires the profile line from the rim surface to the rim top of the wheel and part of tread profile lines including a nominal rolling circle;
step two, extracting contour lines
Extracting contour curves passing through the wheel normals or closest to the wheel normals from the contour curves measured by the two laser displacement sensors; when the first laser displacement sensor (10) measures the rim peak of the wheel at the minimum Z-axis measuring point, namely the measured value of the rim peak is Z A1 In the second step, the contour line and the contour line measured by the second laser displacement sensor (11) pass through the normal line of the wheel or are near the normal line of the wheel, no matter the diameter of the wheel and the height of the wheel rim, so the contour line is extracted by the following steps: reading the distance value of the rim top point in the profile measured by the first laser displacement sensor (10), when the distance value of the rim top point is Z A1 Or is closest to Z A1 The contour line is the contour line of the first extracted laser displacement sensor (10), and then the contour line measured by the second laser displacement sensor (11) at the same time is extracted, namely the required second contour line;
step three, extracting effective data
Filtering invalid data in the two contour lines, thereby obtaining a contour line after extracting valid data;
step four, curve rotation
The contour line measured by the second laser displacement sensor (11) is rotated anticlockwise, and the rotation formula is as follows:
X＝(x 1 -x 0 )cosα-(y 1 -y 0 )sinα+x 0
Y＝(x 1 -x 0 )sinα+(y 1 -y 0 )cosα+y 0
wherein: (X, Y) is the coordinates of the curve after rotation, (X) 1 ，y 1 ) Is the coordinates of the curve before rotation, (x 0 ，y 0 ) Is the coordinate of the center of rotation, taking (0,0) The coordinate, alpha is a rotation angle, alpha is (b-90) degrees, wherein b is an inclination angle of a straight line segment of the inner rim surface of the wheel relative to the horizontal direction in a profile curve measured by a second laser displacement sensor (11);
step five, curve splicing and integration
The method comprises the steps of taking an end point of a profile curve measured by a first laser displacement sensor (10) as a characteristic point, splicing the profile curve measured by the first laser displacement sensor (10) with a rotated profile curve measured by a second laser displacement sensor (11), carrying out coordinate integration on spliced profile curve data after splicing, taking an average value of an inner rim surface when the coordinates are integrated, integrating the average value into 0, and then butting by an X coordinate and a Y coordinate of a splicing point to splice a continuous coordinate curve;
step six, calculating the rim parameters
After the profile curve is obtained, three parameters of the rim height, the rim thickness and the rim comprehensive value are calculated according to the measurement standard specified in the tread profile standard of the locomotive wheel rim.
2. A method for measuring parameters of a wheel rim according to claim 1, wherein the method of stitching the curves in step five is: obtaining the maximum value a in the profile curve measured by the first laser displacement sensor (10) 1 And Y coordinate a at the contour curve end point 2 Then the maximum value b of the profile curve measured by the second laser displacement sensor (11) is obtained 1 Finding Y coordinate b from the inner side of the rim of the profile measured by the second laser displacement sensor (11) 2 ＝b 1 -(a 1 -a 2 ) Point X of (2) b2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the With (X) on the profile measured by a second laser displacement sensor (11) b2 ，b 2 ) Is a characteristic point, and is spliced with the end point of the profile measured by the first laser displacement sensor (10), so as to obtain a partial tread profile curve from the inner rim surface to the rim throat and including a nominal flow circle.
3. A method for measuring a wheel rim parameter according to claim 2, characterized in that: if the second laser is displacedThe absence of Y-coordinates b on the profile measured by the sensor (11) 2 ＝b 1 -(a 1 -a 2 ) Then the X coordinate of the desired point is calculated using the following formula:
wherein X is b2 For the X coordinate of the point sought, (X) 1 ，Y 1 )，(X 2 ，Y 2 ) B is the coordinates of the left and right points of the required point 2 Is the Y coordinate of the point sought.
4. A method for measuring wheel rim parameters according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the first laser displacement sensor (10) and the second laser displacement sensor (11) are both arranged on the inner side of the track (9), wherein the first laser displacement sensor (10) is arranged right below the wheel rim, the profile curve from the top point of the wheel rim to the throat part of the wheel rim is measured obliquely upwards, and the distance between the sensing head and the plane of the rail top is H 1 The horizontal distance from the center of the top surface of the steel rail is L 1 And the included angle between the detection beam and the direction parallel to the track (9) is A 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The distance between the sensing head of the second laser displacement sensor (11) and the rail top plane is H 2 The horizontal distance from the center of the top surface of the steel rail is L 2 And the included angle between the detection beam and the direction perpendicular to the track is B 1 An included angle B with the direction parallel to the steel rail 2 。
5. A method for measuring a wheel rim parameter as in claim 4, wherein: the first laser displacement sensor (10) and the second laser displacement sensor (11) are two-dimensional laser displacement sensors, and the first laser displacement sensor (10) and the second laser displacement sensor (11) are arranged on the inner sides of the tracks on the two sides.
6. A method for measuring a wheel rim parameter as in claim 4, wherein: the first laser displacement sensor (10) and the second laser displacement sensor (11) are all installed on the installing support, the installing support comprises a bottom plate (1), a first installing plate (7) and a second installing plate (4), wherein the bottom plate (1) is fixedly installed at the bottom of a track (9), the first installing plate (7) and the second installing plate (4) are fixedly installed on the bottom plate (1), the installing angle and the height of the first installing plate (7) are corresponding to those of the first laser displacement sensor (10), and the installing angle and the height of the second installing plate (4) are corresponding to those of the second laser displacement sensor (11).
7. A method for measuring wheel rim parameters according to claim 6, characterized in that: the bottom plate (1) is fixedly provided with a first supporting plate (6), the first mounting plate (7) is fixedly connected with the first supporting plate (6), the lower part of the first supporting plate (6) is distributed along the vertical direction, an inclined included angle exists between the upper part of the first supporting plate and the lower part of the first supporting plate (6), and the inclined angle A of the light beam is detected by a first laser displacement sensor (10) 1 The same applies.
8. A method for measuring a wheel rim parameter as in claim 7, wherein: the first mounting plate (7) is rotatably connected with the first supporting plate (6) through a bearing and is fastened and connected through a bolt, and fine-tuning threaded holes (702) are formed in the first mounting plate (7).
9. A method for measuring wheel rim parameters according to claim 6, characterized in that: the bottom plate (1) is fixedly provided with a second supporting plate (2), the second supporting plate (2) is provided with an adjusting plate (3), the second mounting plate (4) is supported and mounted on the adjusting plate (3), and the inclination angle of the second mounting plate (4) and the inclination angle A of the second laser displacement sensor (11) are equal to each other 2 Matching.
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| CN110239588B (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2020-08-18 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | Wheel set tread wear determination method and device |
| CN112429033B (en) * | 2019-08-25 | 2023-09-29 | 北京镭格之光测量技术有限公司 | Online measuring device and method for wheel cake parameters of railway vehicle |
| CN111023998A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-04-17 | 神华铁路货车运输有限责任公司 | Tread damage measuring device, method, apparatus and storage medium |
| CN111595263B (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2024-04-26 | 马鞍山市雷狮轨道交通装备有限公司 | Portable wheel geometric parameter measurement system and method |
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