CN109382708B

CN109382708B - Fine machining equipment for small holes

Info

Publication number: CN109382708B
Application number: CN201710679856.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 于大国; 沈兴全; 辛志杰
Original assignee: North University of China
Current assignee: North University of China
Priority date: 2017-08-10
Filing date: 2017-08-10
Publication date: 2021-06-15
Anticipated expiration: 2037-08-10
Also published as: CN109382708A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of small hole machining, and particularly relates to small hole finish machining equipment. Comprises a machine tool part, a clamp part and a grinding rod part. The grinding rod electroplated with diamond rotates in the deep hole of the workpiece and can reciprocate, and the diamond is divided into two sections, three sections or multiple sections, the diameter of the diamond is gradually increased from small to large, and the diamond enters the hole of the workpiece successively. The machine tool spindle box can reciprocate, the machine tool spindle, the chuck and the grinding rod do rotary motion, the lower arched frame is fixed on the machine tool workbench, the workpiece is installed on the lower arched frame, and the upper arched frame is fixed on the machine tool spindle box and can move. Go up the bow-shaped frame and be fixed with antifriction bearing, the bush is fixed in the antifriction bearing inner circle, and the tight swivel nut outside of top is with threaded connection with the bush, and the middle part is the hole, and one end is the taper hole. The conical chuck can clamp and tighten the grinding rod. The grinding rod of the invention has two fixed and tensioned ends and high rigidity. The coarse grinding and the fine grinding are completed in one process, and the processing efficiency is high. Ultrasonic vibration will improve the hole finish.

Description

Fine machining equipment for small holes

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of small hole machining, and particularly relates to small hole finish machining equipment.

Background

The technical problems existing in the processing of the small-diameter deep hole are as follows: the cutter is a slender rod, so that the rigidity is poor, the deformation is large, the deviation is easy to occur, and the small deep hole processed by the cutter is easy to deviate or have other quality defects. In the process of machining small deep holes, machined parts and cutters are difficult to observe, machining quality cannot be controlled, and workpieces can be scrapped, so that machining of the small deep holes is a difficult point of machining. In order to ensure the processing quality of the small deep hole, the small deep hole is often required to be precisely processed after the small deep hole is roughly processed.

The modern deep hole processing technology of Wangchuang and the deep hole processing technology of Wangshiki mainly introduce the basic principle and equipment of deep hole processing, including partial processing technology of small deep holes. However, the knowledge introduced in the above works has difficulty in completely solving the problems encountered in the actual production.

Grinding refers to a processing method of cutting off redundant materials on a workpiece by using an abrasive material and a grinding tool. Grinding is one of the cutting methods that is widely used.

The diamond abrasive has the following characteristics: the grinding tool has the advantages of high hardness, high compressive strength and good wear resistance, is an ideal tool for grinding hard and brittle materials and hard alloys in grinding processing, has high efficiency and precision, good roughness, less consumption of the grinding tool and long service life, and can improve the labor conditions. Therefore, the material is widely used for metal and nonmetal hard and brittle materials with low iron content, which are difficult to process by common grinding tools, such as hard alloy, high-alumina porcelain, optical glass, agate jewel, semiconductor materials, stone and the like.

The cubic boron nitride grinding tool has excellent grinding performance, can be used for processing difficult-to-grind materials, improves the productivity, is favorable for strictly controlling the shape and the size precision of a workpiece, can effectively improve the grinding quality of the workpiece, obviously improves the surface integrity of the ground workpiece, improves the fatigue strength of parts, prolongs the service life, and increases the reliability.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems of shape, position error and surface quality in the process of processing small deep holes, a small hole fine processing device is designed, a processing method of the small hole fine processing device is introduced, and the finished product rate and the processing precision of the small deep hole are improved.

As shown in fig. 1, the grinding pin 6 plated with diamond 8 rotates at high speed and reciprocates in a deep hole of a workpiece 7 to grind the deep hole. The diamond is divided into two sections or three sections, the diameters of the two sections or three sections are gradually increased, the diamond enters the hole, machining allowance is cut off in a layering mode, and the surface quality is further improved through final reciprocating motion.

The machine tool spindle box 2 can reciprocate up and down along the machine tool upright post 1, the machine tool spindle 3 drives the chuck 5 and the grinding rod 6 to do rotary motion, the lower arc-shaped frame 15 is fixed on the machine tool workbench 16, and the workpiece is arranged on the lower arc-shaped frame 15. The upper bow-shaped frame 4 is fixed on the machine tool spindle box 2 and can move up and down along with the machine tool spindle box 2, the machine tool spindle 3, the chuck 5 and the grinding rod 6.

The upper bracket 4 is fixed with a rolling bearing 9. The bush 10 is fixed to the inner ring of the rolling bearing 9 and rotates therewith. The outer part of the jacking threaded sleeve 11 is in threaded connection with the bushing 10, the middle part of the jacking threaded sleeve is provided with a hole, and one end of the jacking threaded sleeve is provided with a taper hole. The clamping handle 13 is operated to cause the tapered clamping head 14 to clamp the lower end of the grinding rod 6.

Before machining, grip handle 13 and tapered cartridge 14 are clamped off the machine tool. The method comprises the following steps. First, the workpiece 7 is fixed to the lower bow 15. Second, the grinding rod 6 plated with diamond 8 is passed through the puller nut 11 and the bush 10. Thirdly, the upper end of the grinding rod is clamped by a clamping head 5. Fourth, the lower end of the grinding rod is clamped with a clamping handle 13 and a tapered chuck 14. Fifthly, the puller thread insert 11 is screwed out, and the conical surface of the conical chuck 14 is matched with the conical hole of the puller thread insert 11 and tensions the grinding rod 6.

When the grinding machine works, the grinding rod drives the conical chuck 14 to rotate, and the conical chuck drives the jacking threaded sleeve 11 and the bushing 10 to rotate along with the inner ring of the bearing by friction force.

The diamond grinding material is adopted in the scheme, and is suitable for processing nonferrous metals such as aluminum, copper and the like and non-metallic materials such as plastics and the like. When the workpiece material is ferrous metal, the abrasive on the grinding rod is changed from diamond to cubic boron nitride.

One end of the ultrasonic vibration generator is connected with a workpiece, the other end of the ultrasonic vibration generator is provided with a smooth guide post, the smooth guide post can reciprocate along a guide hole of the clamp, and a spring positioned at the bottom of the guide hole of the clamp is connected with the smooth guide post and the clamp. The workpiece has ultrasonic vibration in the axial direction of the processed hole, and the surface quality of the processed hole can be improved. The vibration generated by the ultrasonic vibration generator can be prevented from being transmitted to the clamp and the machine tool by the arrangement, so that the ultrasonic vibration is transmitted to the workpiece to the maximum extent, and the vibration energy is efficiently utilized. In the drawings, the ultrasonic vibration generator, the smooth guide post, the spring, etc. are omitted and not shown, and can be understood by those skilled in the art.

In summary, the invention has the following innovations:

1. a kind of small hole finish machining apparatus includes the lathe part, clamp part, grinding rod part, characterized by, the grinding rod 6 plated with diamond 8 rotates and can reciprocate in the deep hole of the work piece 7, the diamond is divided into two sections, three sections or multistage, the diameter is from small to large, enter the work piece hole sequentially;

the machine tool spindle box 2 can reciprocate along the machine tool upright post 1, the machine tool spindle 3 drives the chuck 5 and the grinding rod 6 to do rotary motion, the lower arc-shaped frame 15 is fixed on the machine tool workbench 16, the workpiece is arranged on the lower arc-shaped frame 15, the upper arc-shaped frame 4 is fixed on the machine tool spindle box 2, and the machine tool spindle box 2, the machine tool spindle 3, the chuck 5 and the grinding rod 6 can move randomly;

the upper bow-shaped frame 4 is fixed with a rolling bearing 9, a lining 10 is fixed on the inner ring of the rolling bearing 9 and rotates along with the rolling bearing, the outer part of a jacking threaded sleeve 11 is in threaded connection with the lining 10, the middle part is a hole, one end is a conical hole, a clamping handle 13 is inserted into a conical chuck 14, the lower end of a grinding rod 6 is clamped by the conical chuck 14, and the conical surface of the conical chuck 14 contacts with the conical hole of the jacking threaded sleeve 11;

one end of the ultrasonic vibration generator is connected with a workpiece, the other end of the ultrasonic vibration generator is provided with a smooth guide post, the smooth guide post can reciprocate along a guide hole of the clamp, the spring positioned at the bottom of the guide hole of the clamp is connected with the smooth guide post and the clamp, and the clamp is fixed on the lower bow-shaped frame 15.

2. The small hole finish machining equipment is characterized in that the clamping handle 13 is not arranged on the equipment in the small deep hole machining process.

3. When the small-hole finish machining equipment is used for machining ferrous metal, the diamond 8 is changed into cubic boron nitride.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: firstly, two ends of the grinding rod are fixed, the rigidity is high, and deep hole deflection caused by bending of the grinding rod can be avoided; secondly, the grinding rod is in a tensioned state when working, and the deflection of the deep hole during rough machining can be corrected; thirdly, the grinding rod has no radial feed motion, the diameter of the hole is increased by a step structure, and when a plurality of steps are arranged, the average grinding allowance of each step is smaller, so that the processing precision is improved; fourthly, the rough grinding and the accurate grinding are finished in one process, the grinding tool does not need to be replaced, the processing efficiency is high, and the smooth finish of the surface of the hole is improved by introducing ultrasonic vibration.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a small hole finishing apparatus.

In the figure: 1-machine tool column; 2-a main spindle box of the machine tool; 3-a machine tool spindle; 4-upper bow-shaped frame; 5-clamping head; 6-grinding the rod; 7-a workpiece; 8-diamond; 9-rolling bearings; 10-a bushing; 11-a puller thread sleeve 12-a compression spring; 13-a clamping handle; 14-a tapered collet; 15-lower bow-shaped frame; 16-machine tool table.

Detailed Description

The following further illustrates embodiments of the present invention, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way.

The first implementation mode comprises the following steps: when processing nonferrous metal and nonmetal materials, the grinding material electroplated on the grinding rod is diamond.

The second embodiment: when processing ferrous metal, the grinding material electroplated on the grinding rod is cubic boron nitride.

Claims

1. A kind of small hole finish machining apparatus, including lathe part, clamp part, grinding rod part, characterized by, the grinding rod (6) plated with diamond (8) rotates and can reciprocate in the deep hole of the work piece (7), the diamond is divided into the multistage, the diameter is from small to large, enter the deep hole of the work piece (7) successively;

the machine tool spindle box (2) can reciprocate along the machine tool upright post (1), the machine tool spindle (3) drives the chuck (5) and the grinding rod (6) to do rotary motion, the lower arched frame (15) is fixed on the machine tool workbench (16), a workpiece is installed on the lower arched frame (15), the upper arched frame (4) is fixed on the machine tool spindle box (2) and can move along with the machine tool spindle box (2), the machine tool spindle (3), the chuck (5) and the grinding rod (6);

the upper arc frame (4) is fixed with a rolling bearing (9), a bushing (10) is fixed on the inner ring of the rolling bearing (9) and rotates along with the rolling bearing, the outer part of a jacking threaded sleeve (11) is in threaded connection with the bushing (10), the middle part of the jacking threaded sleeve is a hole, one end of the jacking threaded sleeve is a taper hole, a clamping handle (13) is inserted into a tapered chuck (14), the tapered chuck (14) clamps the lower end of a grinding rod (6), and the conical surface of the tapered chuck (14) contacts with the taper hole of the jacking threaded sleeve (11);

ultrasonic vibration generator one end links to each other with the work piece, and the smooth guide post of other end installation, smooth guide post can be followed anchor clamps guiding hole reciprocating motion, and the smooth guide post of spring coupling and anchor clamps that are located anchor clamps guiding hole bottom, anchor clamps are fixed in on bow-shaped frame 15 down.

2. A small hole finishing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the clamping lever (13) is not present on the apparatus during deep hole machining of the workpiece (7).

3. A small hole finishing apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that diamond (8) is exchanged for cubic boron nitride in the machining of ferrous metals.