CN109376638B - Text-to-ground rate calculation method based on remote sensing image and geographic information system - Google Patents

Text-to-ground rate calculation method based on remote sensing image and geographic information system Download PDF

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CN109376638B
CN109376638B CN201811197720.6A CN201811197720A CN109376638B CN 109376638 B CN109376638 B CN 109376638B CN 201811197720 A CN201811197720 A CN 201811197720A CN 109376638 B CN109376638 B CN 109376638B
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王树声
朱旭东
徐玉倩
拜晓蒙
张瑶
高元
李小龙
王凯
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Xian University of Architecture and Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a text-to-ground rate calculation method based on a remote sensing image and a geographic information system, which comprises the following specific steps of: importing cultural land POI data in a GIS vector map; registering the GIS vector map and the remote sensing map to identify the cultural land PiA closed area formed by the surrounding main road and the secondary road; importing a non-cultural land type POI in a closed area, dividing an image into a plurality of areas, and selecting a region containing PiThe texture division area of (1) is taken as a cultural land area and is marked as Ci(ii) a For each obtained cultural land area CiCalculate the area, denoted as Si(ii) a Calculate all cultural area and S:
Figure DDA0001829221280000011
obtaining the ratio R of the total cultural land area and S to the total land area A of the urban construction, wherein R is S/A; r is the calculated text-to-ground ratio. According to the invention, by identifying the Point of Interest (POI) of the cultural place and carrying out text-to-place rate calculation based on the remote sensing image and the GIS, the calculation result is more accurate and the calculation efficiency is higher.

Description

Text-to-ground rate calculation method based on remote sensing image and geographic information system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of urban and rural planning, and particularly relates to a text-to-ground rate calculation method based on a remote sensing image and a Geographic Information System (GIS).
Background
A Geographic Information System (GIS for short) is a computer technology System for collecting, storing, managing, analyzing, displaying and applying Geographic Information, and is a general technology for analyzing and processing massive Geographic data; the method mainly comprises data input and editing, data management, data operation, data display and output and the like; it has received much attention as an important tool, technique and discipline for acquiring, processing, managing and analyzing geospatial data.
At present, city culture gradually declines in the background of rapid urbanization. The urban land is an urban land bearing urban spirit and culture, and has multiple functions of public culture service, culture inheritance innovation development and the like. The urban land-culture system planning aims at solving the problem of cultural inheritance and development in modern urban planning construction. The literary property is a core index of literary system planning, is an important material space attribute representing urban spirit and culture, and a literary property calculation method is urgently needed at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a text-to-ground rate calculation method based on a remote sensing image and a geographic information system, so as to solve the existing technical problems. According to the invention, by identifying the Point of Interest (POI) of the cultural place and carrying out text-to-place rate calculation based on the remote sensing image and the GIS, the calculation result is more accurate and the calculation efficiency is higher.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a text-to-ground rate calculation method based on remote sensing images and a geographic information system comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, identifying urban construction land area of an area to be calculated based on an index image to obtain total urban construction land area A;
step 2, importing cultural land POI data and cultural land into a GIS vector map of the area to be calculatedIs denoted by PiI represents the number of cultural lands and takes the value of 1 to n;
step 3, registering the GIS vector map of the area to be calculated, which is imported with the cultural land POI data, with the remote sensing map of the area to be calculated, and identifying the cultural land PiEnclosed areas formed by the main road and the main road, the secondary road and the main road and the secondary road within the range of 100m around the enclosed areas;
step 4, importing m non-cultural land types POI into the closed area obtained in the step 3 and recording the POI as QmCultural land PiTaking m non-cultural land type POIs as basic points as a center, adopting a watershed algorithm based on texture gradient to segment the image into m +1 areas, and selecting a region containing PiThe texture division area of (1) is taken as a cultural land area and is marked as Ci；
Step 5, i traverses from 1 to n in sequence, and each obtained cultural land area CiCalculate the area, denoted as Si；
Step 6, calculating the area sum S for all cultural purposes:
Figure BDA0001829221260000021
Sifor each cultural land CiArea;
step 7, obtaining the ratio R of the total cultural floor area and the total floor area A of the city construction, wherein R is S/A; r is the calculated text-to-ground ratio.
Further, in step 1, when identifying the urban construction land area, selecting the normalized bare index as an indicator factor of the urban construction land, and removing noise information of the non-construction land area through threshold segmentation and mask processing to obtain the town construction land information.
Further, in step 1, the specific steps of identifying the urban construction land area include:
(1) calculating a normalized bare index: the wave bands of which the spectrum gray average values are all related in the range of 20-120 are recorded as wave bands 1, and the wave bands of which the spectrum gray average values are all related in the range of 20-180 are recorded as wave bands 2;
the calculation formula of the normalized bare index is as follows: normalized bare index ═ (band 2-band 1)/(band 1+ band 2);
(2) setting a threshold value; assigning a value of 1 to a pixel higher than a threshold value and assigning a value of 0 to a pixel lower than the threshold value in the remote sensing image; the value is 1, and the urban construction land area is obtained.
Further, the threshold value in step (2) is set to 140.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: step (3); (3) and (3) carrying out interference removal processing on the image subjected to the value assignment in the step (2).
Further, the cultural land is divided into cultural mental identification land, commemorative land, religious land, cultural heritage land and cultural facility land; the POI data includes: category, name, and coordinates.
Further, step 3, automatically registering a GIS vector map of the area to be calculated, which is imported with cultural land POI data, with a remote sensing map of the area to be calculated, and automatically identifying cultural land P through the remote sensing imageiEnclosed areas formed by the main road and the main road, the secondary road and the main road and the secondary road within the range of 100m around the enclosed areas; the width of the main road is 45-55m, and the width of the secondary road is 40-50 m.
Further, the specific steps of automatically registering the vector map and the remote sensing map comprise:
(1) selecting select group Control Points in a register of a main menu in the ENVI, and then selecting Image to map to perform registration correction on the vector diagram and the remote sensing diagram;
(2) based on the corrected image in ENVI, a Vector image is superimposed on the corrected image in the main image window using Function/Overlays/Vector Layers to obtain a registered image.
Further, cultural land P is automatically identified through remote sensing imagesiThe specific steps of the enclosed areas formed by the main road and the main road, the secondary road and the main road and the secondary road within the range of 100m around the enclosed area comprise:
(1) reading pixel blocks at preset positions on a Raster through a Read method of an IRaster interface in a GIS, and acquiring images at the preset positions through a GetVal method of the pixel blocksDetermining cultural land P on remote sensing imageiPixel points belonging to the road within 100 meters around;
(2) calculating direction information of pixel points belonging to a road;
(3) carrying out expansion operation on pixel points belonging to the road;
(4) and identifying a road in the remote sensing image through the road area and the direction information to obtain a closed area formed by the main road and the secondary road.
Further, when the step 4 performs image segmentation based on the watershed algorithm of texture gradient, the specific algorithm steps include:
(1) in the presence of PiInitializing and marking images of all POI points in the closed area to generate an image M;
(2) traversing M, and performing edge enhancement;
(3) calculating continuous gradient, and storing the obtained points into a corresponding altitude queue;
(4) traversing pixel points in the altitude queue, and searching m watershed lines according to the simulated soaking process, wherein the m watershed lines divide the closed area into m +1 areas; and completing the segmentation of the closed region.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method for calculating the text-to-ground rate is effective, accurate and convenient in calculation steps and high in innovation. According to the invention, after the culture land area is automatically calculated in the GIS by the optimized area calculation method, the basic calculation is the summation of the culture land areas, the realization is simple, no complex equation is needed, the calculation speed is high, and the method is very convenient; the method is convenient to realize by remote sensing and GIS, road identification and image segmentation are basic contents of remote sensing image identification, and region area calculation is a basic function of the GIS and can be obtained by only optimizing a region area algorithm. The invention carries out text-to-ground rate calculation based on the remote sensing image and the GIS by identifying the Point of Interest (POI) of the cultural place, and has more accurate calculation result and higher calculation efficiency
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FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a flow chart of a text-to-ground rate calculation method based on remote sensing images and a geographic information system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a POI distribution of the Western Ann city cultural land in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a road near a Bell building in Xian City according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of calculation of area of a bell floor in the city of west ampere in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the text-to-ground rate calculation method based on remote sensing images and GIS of the present invention includes the following steps:
step 1, identifying urban construction land area of an area to be calculated based on an index image to obtain total urban construction land area A; when the urban construction land area is identified, the normalized bare index is selected as an indicator factor of the urban construction land, and noise information of non-construction land areas is removed through threshold segmentation and mask processing, so that more accurate urban construction land information is obtained.
The specific urban construction land area identification method comprises the following steps:
1. and calculating the normalized exposure index, and recording the wave bands related to the spectral gray average value within the range of 20-120 as wave band 1 and recording the wave bands related to the spectral gray average value within the range of 20-180 as wave band 2. The normalized bare index is then: band 2-band 1/band 1+ band 2.
2. The threshold value is set to 140.
3. And assigning 1 to the pixels higher than the threshold value and assigning 0 to the pixels lower than the threshold value in the remote sensing image.
4. And carrying out interference removal processing on the exponential image.
Step 2, importing cultural land POI data into a GIS vector map of the area to be calculated, and recording the cultural land as PiWherein the value of i is 1 to n; the GIS vector map of the area to be calculated can be downloaded from the network, for example, the POI data of cultural land is imported into the city vector of SiganOn a volume map; the cultural land includes: the cultural mental identification land is used, namely, the land has great cultural significance and mental identification value in the development process of countries, regions and cities, and has high social and psychological recognition land occupied by natural mountain water and humanistic identification; the memorial land is used for developing cultural memorial ceremony and educational activity places; third, religious places, i.e. places required for developing religious activities, such as temple, miso, church, etc.; fourthly, cultural heritage land, namely land with historical, artistic and scientific values and no other use functions; fifth, the land used for cultural facilities, namely the land occupied by various cultural facilities meeting the daily needs of residents in public cultural life. The POI data includes: category, name, and coordinates.
Step 3, automatically registering the GIS vector map of the area to be calculated, which is imported with cultural land POI data, with the remote sensing map of the area to be calculated, and automatically identifying cultural land P by the remote sensing imageiAnd a closed area formed by the main road and the secondary road within 100m nearby.
Referring to fig. 2, in step 3, the road can be divided into four levels according to the relevant regulations of "tentative regulations for urban planning quota index". Wherein the width of the main road is 45-55m, and the width of the secondary road is 40-50 m. The main road is a first-level road, and the secondary road is a second-level road. And automatically registering the vector map and the remote sensing map, opening the remote sensing image and the vector map in the ENVI, and registering the remote sensing image of the test area by using the same name points on the original image space and the standard space. The method comprises the following specific steps: 1. and selecting select group Control Points in a register of a main menu in the ENVI, and then selecting Image to map to perform registration correction on the vector diagram and the remote sensing diagram. 2. Based on the corrected image in ENVI, the Vector image is superimposed on the corrected image in the main image window using Function/Overlays/Vector Layers. Taking the city of sienna as an example, the registered image is shown in fig. 2.
In step 3, the remote sensing image is automatically identified through a remote sensing image road identification method, and the specific steps comprise: (1) reading a pixel block at a specified position on a Raster through a Read method of an IRaster interface in a GIS, and then passing GetVa of the pixel blockl method obtains pixel value of designated position, thereby determining cultural land P on remote sensing imageiAnd the pixels belonging to the road within 100 meters nearby. (2) And directly calculating the direction information of the pixel points belonging to the road. (3) And carrying out expansion operation on the pixel points belonging to the road. (4) And identifying the road in the remote sensing image according to the road area and the direction information.
Referring to fig. 3, taking a clockbuilding as an example, 1, determining pixel points belonging to a road near the clockbuilding on a remote sensing image. 2. And determining the direction information of the pixel points belonging to the road. 3. And carrying out expansion operation on the pixel points belonging to the road. 4. And determining the road according to the expansion operation result. The final road recognition result is shown in fig. 3.
Step 4, P obtained in step 3iImporting m non-cultural land types POI into the closed area and recording the POI as QmWith PiTaking m non-cultural land types POI as a basis as a center, adopting a watershed algorithm based on texture gradient to segment the image into m +1 areas, and selecting a region containing PiThe texture division area of (1) is taken as a cultural land area and is marked as Ci。
Step 4, when the image segmentation is carried out by the watershed algorithm based on the texture gradient, the core algorithm is as follows: 1. in a container containing PiAll POI points are initialized and marked with images in the closed area to generate an image M. 2. And traversing M, and performing edge enhancement. 3. And calculating continuous gradient, and storing the obtained points into a corresponding altitude queue. 4. And traversing pixel points in the altitude queue, searching watershed lines according to the simulated soaking process, and dividing the closed area into m +1 areas by using m watershed lines. 5. And dividing the closed region. Using this method, P can be obtained as accurately as possible in a closed areaiArea of (d).
Referring to FIG. 4, in step 5, i traverses from 1 to n sequentially, and the cultural land area C is searchediAutomatic area calculation, denoted Si. The step is mainly carried out on cultural land PiThe automatic calculation of the area, taking a clock tower as an example, mainly comprises the following steps: 1. and calling a Draw function in the GIS to Draw a polygonal area. 2. The area function this _ calarea (polygon) of the polygon is calculated by rewriting. Tong (Chinese character of 'tong')The area of the bell-shaped building is about 1300 square meters through calculation, and as shown in fig. 4, the calculation error is small. In addition, the wide goose tower area is about 2000 square meters, and the drum tower area is about 1350 square meters.
Step 6, calculating the area sum S for all cultural purposes:
Figure BDA0001829221260000071
Sifor each cultural land CiArea. As shown in fig. 2, the sum of the areas of 109 cultural lands is obtained.
Step 7, obtaining the ratio R of the total cultural floor area and the total floor area A of the city construction, wherein R is S/A; r is the calculated text-to-ground rate.
The land area ratio is the ratio of the total area of the cultural land to the area of the planned construction land within the range of the planned construction land. The invention relates to a text-to-ground rate calculation method which is developed by taking a remote sensing image and a GIS as main means, and provides method support for urban cultural land assessment, planning and monitoring. The technical scheme has the key points that: 1. and identifying the urban construction land area based on the index image. 2. Importing cultural place points of interest (POI) in a Geographic Information System (GIS); 3. after the vector map and the remote sensing image are automatically registered, the remote sensing image automatically identifies a closed area formed by a primary main road and a secondary main road near the cultural land POI; 4. introducing other types of POI into the closed area, taking the cultural land POI as a center and taking the other types of POI as a basis, and carrying out image segmentation by adopting a watershed algorithm based on texture gradient to obtain a cultural land area; 5. automatically calculating the area of the cultural land area; 6. accumulating the areas of all cultural land areas; 7. and (4) performing division operation on the total area of the cultural land area and the total area of the urban construction land to obtain the cultural land rate. The invention is novel and highly innovative, and develops a text-to-ground rate calculation method. The calculation steps are accurate and convenient. The method has high calculation speed, and as can be seen from the step 1 to the step 7, after the cultural land area is automatically calculated in the GIS by the optimized area calculation method, the basic calculation is the summation of all cultural land areas, and the method is simple to realize and does not need to use a complex equation. The method is convenient to realize by remote sensing and GIS, road identification and image segmentation are basic contents of remote sensing image identification, and region area calculation is a basic function of the GIS and only needs to optimize a region area algorithm. The method can objectively and quantitatively evaluate the condition of the urban cultural land and simultaneously play a certain reference role in urban cultural land planning.

Claims (6)

1. A text-to-ground rate calculation method based on remote sensing images and a geographic information system is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1, identifying urban construction land area of an area to be calculated based on an index image to obtain total urban construction land area A;
step 2, importing cultural land POI data into a GIS vector map of the area to be calculated, and recording the cultural land as PiI represents the number of cultural lands and takes the value of 1 to n;
step 3, registering the GIS vector map of the area to be calculated, which is imported with the cultural land POI data, with the remote sensing map of the area to be calculated, and identifying the cultural land PiEnclosed areas formed by the main road and the main road, the secondary road and the main road and the secondary road within the range of 100m around the enclosed areas;
step 4, importing m non-cultural land types POI into the closed area obtained in the step 3 and recording the POI as QmCultural land PiTaking m non-cultural land type POIs as basic points as a center, adopting a watershed algorithm based on texture gradient to segment the image into m +1 areas, and selecting a region containing PiThe texture division area of (1) is taken as a cultural land area and is marked as Ci；
Step 5, i traverses from 1 to n in sequence, and each obtained cultural land area CiCalculate the area, denoted as Si；
Step 6, calculating the area sum S for all cultural purposes:
Figure FDA0003299519670000011
Sifor each cultural land CiArea;
step 7, obtaining the ratio R of the total cultural floor area and the total floor area A of the city construction, wherein R is S/A; r is the calculated text-to-ground ratio;
in step 1, the specific steps of identifying the urban construction land area comprise:
(1) calculating a normalized bare index: the wave bands of which the spectrum gray average values are all related in the range of 20-120 are recorded as wave bands 1, and the wave bands of which the spectrum gray average values are all related in the range of 20-180 are recorded as wave bands 2;
the calculation formula of the normalized bare index is as follows: normalized bare index ═ (band 2-band 1)/(band 1+ band 2);
(2) setting a threshold value; assigning a value of 1 to a pixel higher than a threshold value and assigning a value of 0 to a pixel lower than the threshold value in the remote sensing image; the value is 1, namely the area of the urban construction land;
in the step 2, the cultural land is divided into cultural mental identification land, commemorative land, religious land, cultural heritage land and cultural facility land; the POI data includes: category, name and coordinates;
step 4, when the watershed algorithm based on the texture gradient is used for image segmentation, the specific algorithm steps comprise:
(1) in the presence of PiInitializing and marking images of all POI points in the closed area to generate an image M;
(2) traversing M, and performing edge enhancement;
(3) calculating continuous gradient, and storing the obtained points into a corresponding altitude queue;
(4) traversing pixel points in the altitude queue, and searching m watershed lines according to the simulated soaking process, wherein the m watershed lines divide the closed area into m +1 areas; and completing the segmentation of the closed region.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the threshold value in step (2) is set to 140.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: step (3);
(3) and (3) carrying out interference removal processing on the image subjected to the value assignment in the step (2).
4. The method for calculating the literary and regional rate based on the remote sensing image and the geographic information system according to claim 1, wherein step 3 comprises automatically registering the GIS vector map of the region to be calculated, into which the cultural land POI data is imported, with the remote sensing map of the region to be calculated, and automatically identifying the cultural land P by the remote sensing imageiEnclosed areas formed by the main road and the main road, the secondary road and the main road and the secondary road within the range of 100m around the enclosed areas; the width of the main road is 45-55m, and the width of the secondary road is 40-50 m.
5. The method for calculating the text-to-ground ratio based on the remote sensing image and the geographic information system according to claim 4, wherein the specific steps of automatically registering the vector map and the remote sensing map comprise:
(1) selecting select group Control Points in a register of a main menu in the ENVI, and then selecting Image to map to perform registration correction on the vector diagram and the remote sensing diagram;
(2) based on the corrected image in ENVI, a Vector image is superimposed on the corrected image in the main image window using Function/Overlays/Vector Layers to obtain a registered image.
6. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the cultural land P is automatically identified by the remote sensing imageiThe specific steps of the enclosed areas formed by the main road and the main road, the secondary road and the main road and the secondary road within the range of 100m around the enclosed area comprise:
(1) reading a pixel block of a preset position on a Raster through a Read method of an IRaster interface in a GIS, obtaining a pixel value of the preset position through a GetVal method of the pixel block, and determining cultural land P on a remote sensing imageiPixel points belonging to the road within 100 meters around;
(2) calculating direction information of pixel points belonging to a road;
(3) carrying out expansion operation on pixel points belonging to the road;
(4) and identifying a road in the remote sensing image through the road area and the direction information to obtain a closed area formed by the main road and the secondary road.
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