CN109376638A - A method for calculating land coverage based on remote sensing images and geographic information system - Google Patents
A method for calculating land coverage based on remote sensing images and geographic information system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于遥感图像和地理信息系统的文地率计算方法，具体步骤包括：在GIS矢量地图中导入文化用地POI数据；将GIS矢量地图与遥感地图配准，识别文化用地Pi周围主干道、次干道所形成的封闭区域；在封闭区域内导入非文化用地类型POI，将图像分割为若干个区域，选择包含Pi的纹理分割区域作为文化用地区域，记为Ci；对得到的每个文化用地区域Ci进行面积计算,记为Si；计算所有文化用地面积和S：求取所有文化用地面积和S与城市建设总用地面积A的比值R:R＝S/A；R为计算求得的文地率。本发明通过识别文化用地兴趣点(Point of Interest，POI)，基于遥感图像和GIS进行文地率计算，计算结果较精确，计算效率较高。
The invention discloses a method for calculating land ratio based on remote sensing images and a geographic information system. The specific steps include: importing cultural land POI data into a GIS vector map; registering the GIS vector map and the remote sensing map to identify the cultural land P i The enclosed area formed by the surrounding main roads and secondary roads; the non-cultural land type POI is imported into the enclosed area, the image is divided into several areas, and the texture segmentation area containing P i is selected as the cultural land area, denoted as C i ; Calculate the area of each cultural land area C i obtained, denoted as S i ; calculate the area and S of all cultural land: Calculate the ratio of all cultural land area and S to the total urban construction land area A: R: R=S/A; R is the cultural land ratio obtained by calculation. By identifying the cultural land interest point (POI), the invention calculates the cultural land rate based on remote sensing images and GIS, the calculation result is more accurate, and the calculation efficiency is high.
Description
Technical field
It is the invention belongs to urban and rural planning field, in particular to a kind of based on remote sensing images and GIS-Geographic Information System (GIS)
Literary ground rate calculation method.
Background technique
GIS-Geographic Information System (Geographic Information System, abbreviation GIS) be it is a kind of acquisition, storage, pipe
Reason is analyzed, the computer technology system of display and applied geography information, is the general skill of analysis and processing large quantity geography data
Art；It mainly includes that data input shows and exports with editor, data management, data manipulation and data；Its conduct acquisition,
Important tool, technology and the subject of processing, management and analysis geographical spatial data, get the attention.
Currently, urban culture gradually declines under Rapid-Urbanization background.City is carrying Urban Spirit and culture literaryly
It is multi-functional to have both Public Culture Service and cultural continuity innovation and development etc. for urban land.Text ground systems organization in city aims to solve the problem that
Cultural continuity and development problem in Modern Urban Planning construction.Literary ground rate is the core index of literary ground systems organization, is characterization
The important material space attribute of Urban Spirit and culture needs a kind of literary ground rate calculation method at present.
Summary of the invention
A kind of the purpose of the present invention is to provide text based on remote sensing images and GIS-Geographic Information System rate calculation method, with
Solve above-mentioned technical problem.The present invention is by identifying cultural land used point of interest (Point of Interest, POI), base
In remote sensing images and GIS, rate is calculated with carrying out text, and calculated result is more accurate, and computational efficiency is higher.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of text ground rate calculation method, specific steps based on remote sensing images and GIS-Geographic Information System include:
Step 1, it treats zoning and carries out the town site area recognition based on index image, obtain urban construction
Total land area A；
Step 2, cultural land used POI data is imported in the GIS map vector in region to be calculated, cultural land used is denoted as Pi, i
Indicate that the number of cultural land used, value are 1 to n；
Step 3, the distant of the GIS map vector in the region to be calculated of cultural land used POI data and region to be calculated will be imported
Feel map registration, identifies cultural land used PiMajor trunk roads and major trunk roads, subsidiary road and subsidiary road and master within the scope of surrounding 100m
Arterial highway and subsidiary road are formed by closed area；
Step 4, m non-culture land-use style POI are imported in the closed area that step 3 obtains is denoted as Qm, used with culture
Ground PiCentered on, point based on m non-cultural land-use style POI carries out image using the watershed algorithm based on texture gradient
Segmentation, divides the image into m+1 region, and selection includes PiTexture Segmentation region as cultural land used region, be denoted as Ci；
Step 5, i is successively traversed from 1 to n, to each of obtaining cultural land used region CiAreal calculation is carried out, S is denoted asi；
Step 6, the literate land area of institute and S are calculated:SiFor each cultural land used CiArea；
Step 7, seek literate land area and S and the total land area A of urban construction ratio R: R=S/A；R is
With calculating the text acquired rate.
Further, it in step 1, when carrying out town site area recognition, selects and normalizes exposed index conduct
The indicator of town site is removed the noise information in non-constructive land region by Threshold segmentation, mask process, obtained
Urban Construction Land_use information.
Further, in step 1, the specific steps of town site area recognition include:
(1) calculate and normalize exposed index: the wave band that spectrum gray average is directed between 20-120 range is remembered
For wave band 1, the wave band that spectrum gray average is directed between 20-180 range is denoted as wave band 2；
Normalize the calculation formula of exposed index are as follows: normalize exposed index=(wave band 2- wave band 1)/(wave band 1+ wave band
2)；
(2) given threshold；It is 1 to the pixel assignment for being higher than threshold value in remote sensing image, the pixel assignment lower than threshold value is
0；Being assigned a value of 1 is town site area.
Further, the threshold value in step (2) is set as 140.
Further, further includes: step (3)；(3) interference is carried out to the image after step (2) assignment to handle.
Further, cultural land used be divided into cultural spirit mark land used, commemorate land used, religion land used, cultural heritage land used,
Cultural facility land used；POI data includes: classification, title and coordinate.
Further, step 3, will import the GIS map vector in the region to be calculated of cultural land used POI data with it is to be calculated
The remote sensing map autoregistration in region passes through remote sensing images automatic identification culture land used PiMajor trunk roads within the scope of surrounding 100m with
Major trunk roads, subsidiary road and subsidiary road and major trunk roads and subsidiary road are formed by closed area；Major trunk roads are had a lot of social connections for 45m-55m,
Subsidiary road is had a lot of social connections for 40m-50m.
Further, the specific steps of map vector and remote sensing map progress autoregistration include:
(1) select Ground Control Points, reselection are selected in the register of main menu in ENVI
Image to map carries out geometric precision correction to polar plot and remote sensing figure；
(2) in ENVI by correct after image based on, use Function/Overlays/ in master image window
Polar plot is added on the image after correcting by Vector Layers, obtains registration image.
Further, pass through remote sensing images automatic identification culture land used PiMajor trunk roads and trunk within the scope of surrounding 100m
The specific steps that road, subsidiary road and subsidiary road and major trunk roads are formed by closed area with subsidiary road include:
(1) block of pixels for reading predetermined position on Raster by the Read method of IRaster interface in GIS, passes through
The GetVal method of block of pixels obtains the pixel value in predetermined position, determines cultural land used P on remote sensing imagesiBelong in 100 meters of surrounding
In the pixel of road；
(2) directional information for belonging to the pixel of road is calculated；
(3) expansive working is carried out to the pixel for belonging to road；
(4) road in remote sensing images is identified by road area and directional information, obtains major trunk roads and subsidiary road institute
The closed area of formation.
Further, step 4 is when the watershed algorithm based on texture gradient carries out image segmentation, specific algorithm step packet
It includes:
(1) including PiClosed area in all POI points carry out initialization tag image, generate image M；
(2) M is traversed, edge enhancing is carried out；
(3) continuous gradient is calculated, obtained point is stored in corresponding height above sea level queue；
(4) pixel in height above sea level queue is traversed, m watershed line is found according to simulative immersion process, m item divides water
Closed area is divided into m+1 region by ridge line；Complete the segmentation to closed area.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
The calculation method of to text rate proposed by the present invention is effective, and calculating step is accurate and convenient, has relatively strong
Novelty.After the present invention realizes that cultural land used region area automation calculates by optimization area computation method in GIS, base
Originally it is calculated as each cultural land area summation, realizes simply, is not required to by complicated equation, calculating speed is very fast, very convenient；This
Convenient for realizing using remote sensing and GIS, road Identification and image segmentation are the basic content of remote sensing images identification, area surface for invention
Product calculating is the basic function of GIS, and only need to optimize region area algorithm can be obtained.The present invention is by identifying cultural land used interest
Point (Point of Interest, POI) carries out text ground rate based on remote sensing images and GIS and calculates, and calculated result is more accurate, calculates
Efficiency is higher
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of process signal of literary ground rate calculation method based on remote sensing images and GIS-Geographic Information System of the invention
Block diagram；
Fig. 2 is Xi'an culture land used POI distribution schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is clock tower neighbouring road extraction schematic diagram in Xi'an in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is clock tower areal calculation schematic diagram in Xi'an in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Invention is further described in detail in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of literary ground rate calculation method based on remote sensing images and GIS of the invention, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, it treats zoning and carries out the town site area recognition based on index image, obtain urban construction
Total land area A；When carrying out town site area recognition, selects and normalize exposed index as town site
Indicator is removed the noise information in non-constructive land region by Threshold segmentation, mask process, obtains more accurately cities and towns
Construction land information.
Specific town site area recognition method are as follows:
1, it calculates and normalizes exposed index, the wave band that spectrum gray average is directed between 20-120 range is denoted as
Wave band 1, the wave band that spectrum gray average is directed between 20-180 range are denoted as wave band 2.Then normalize exposed index are as follows: wave
1/ wave band 1+ wave band 2 of section 2- wave band.
2, given threshold 140.
It 3, is 1 to the pixel assignment for being higher than threshold value in remote sensing image, the pixel assignment lower than threshold value is 0.
4, interference is carried out to index image to handle.
Step 2, cultural land used POI data is imported in the GIS map vector in region to be calculated, cultural land used is denoted as Pi,
Wherein, the value of i is 1 to n；The GIS map vector in region to be calculated can be downloaded from network, such as by cultural land used POI data
It imports on the map vector of Xi'an；Cultural land used include: 1. cultural spirit mark land used, i.e., country, area, urban development
Cheng Zhong has great cultural significance and spirit mark value, and the natural landscape with the approval of height social mentality and humane mark
Know shared land used；2. commemorating land used, that is, carry out cultural memorial and educational activities place land used；3. religion land used, that is, open
The lands used such as land used, such as temple, mausoleum, sight, Buddhist nunnery, church needed for opening up religious activities；4. cultural heritage land used has history, skill
Art, scientific value and without other lands used using function；5. cultural facility land used meets the daily Public Culture life of resident
Land used shared by all kinds of cultural facilities of demand.POI data includes: classification, title and coordinate.
Step 3, the distant of the GIS map vector in the region to be calculated of cultural land used POI data and region to be calculated will be imported
Feel map autoregistration, remote sensing images automatic identification culture land used PiMajor trunk roads, subsidiary road are formed by within the scope of neighbouring 100m
Closed area.
Referring to Fig. 2, according to the pertinent regulations of national " urban planning quota index temporary provisions ", road can in step 3
It is divided into level Four.Wherein, major trunk roads are had a lot of social connections for 45-55m, and subsidiary road is had a lot of social connections for 40-50m.Major trunk roads are level-one road, secondary dry
Road is secondary road.Map vector and remote sensing map carry out autoregistration, need remote sensing images and vector are opened in ENVI
Figure, is registrated using original image space with the remote sensing images of the corresponding dot pair trial zone on normed space.Specific steps are as follows:
1. selecting select Ground Control Points in the register of main menu in ENVI, then select Image to map
Geometric precision correction is carried out to polar plot and remote sensing figure.2. in ENVI by correct after image based on, used in master image window
Polar plot is added to the image after correcting up by Function/Overlays/Vector Layers.By taking Xi'an as an example, match
Image after standard is as shown in Fig. 2.
In step 3, automatic identification is carried out to remote sensing images by remote sensing images roads recognition method, specific steps include:
(1) block of pixels for reading designated position on Raster by the Read method of IRaster interface in GIS, then passes through pixel
The GetVal method of block obtains the pixel value of designated position, so that it is determined that cultural land used P on remote sensing imagesiBelong in neighbouring 100 meters
In the pixel of road.(2) directional information for belonging to the pixel of road is directly calculated.(3) pixel for belonging to road is clicked through
Row expansive working.(4) road in remote sensing images is identified by road area and directional information.
Referring to Fig. 3,1. determine the pixel for belonging to road on remote sensing images near clock tower by taking clock tower as an example.2. determining
Belong to the directional information of the pixel of road.3. the pixel for pair belonging to road carries out expansive working.4. according to expansive working knot
Fruit determines road.Final road Identification result is as shown in Fig. 3.
Step 4, the P obtained in step 3iM non-culture land-use style POI are imported in closed area is denoted as Qm, with PiFor in
The heart based on the non-cultural land-use style POI of m, carries out image segmentation using the watershed algorithm based on texture gradient, by image
It is divided into m+1 region, selection includes PiTexture Segmentation region as cultural land used region, be denoted as Ci。
Step 4 is when the watershed algorithm based on texture gradient carries out image segmentation, core algorithm are as follows: 1. include at one
PiClosed area in all POI points carry out initialization tag image, generate image M.2. traversing M, edge enhancing is carried out.3.
Continuous gradient is calculated, obtained point is stored in corresponding height above sea level queue.4. the pixel in height above sea level queue is traversed,
Watershed line is found according to simulative immersion process, closed area is divided into m+1 region by m watershed line.5. pair enclosed area
Domain is split.P can be obtained as precisely as possible in closed area using the methodiSurface area.
Referring to Fig. 4, step 5, i is successively traversed from 1 to n, to cultural land used region CiAutomation areal calculation is carried out, is remembered
For Si.This step is substantially carried out to cultural land used PiThe automation of area calculates, and by taking clock tower as an example, key step is as follows: 1. call
Draw function in GIS, draws polygonal region.Polygon facet Product function this._calArea (polygon) is calculated 2. rewriteeing.
It is about 1300 square metres by the way that clock tower area is calculated, as shown in figure 4, it is smaller to calculate error.In addition, wild goose column area is about
2000 square metres, about 1350 square metres of drum tower area.
Step 6, the literate land area of institute and S are calculated:SiFor each cultural land used CiArea.Such as attached drawing 2
It is shown, seek the sum of 109 cultural land areas.
Step 7, seek literate land area and S and the total land area A of urban construction ratio R: R=S/A；R is
For with calculating the text acquired rate.
Literary ground rate is the ratio between the cultural land used gross area and planning construction land area within the scope of planning construction land used.This
Invention is a kind of method calculated using remote sensing images and GIS as the literary ground rate that main means are unfolded, to solve urban culture land used
Assessment, planning and monitoring providing method are supported.The drip irrigation device are as follows: 1, carry out the town site based on index image
Area recognition.2, cultural land used point of interest (POI) is imported in GIS-Geographic Information System (GIS)；3, map vector and remote sensing images
After autoregistration, nearby level-one, subsidiary road are formed by closed area to remote sensing images automatic identification culture land used POI；4, it is sealing
Other type POI are imported in closed region, centered on cultural land used POI, based on other types POI, using based on texture ladder
The watershed algorithm of degree carries out image segmentation, obtains cultural land used region；5, automation calculates cultural land used region area；6, tire out
Add the literate land used region area of institute；7, the cultural land used region gross area and the town site gross area carry out division operation,
With obtaining text rate.The present invention is very novel, innovative very strong, with having hewed out text rate calculation method.Calculate step accurately and just
It is prompt.Calculating speed of the present invention is fast, can be seen that from step 1 to step 7, realizes culture by optimization area computation method in GIS
After the automation calculating of land used region area, basic calculating is each cultural land area summation, realizes simply, is not required to by complexity side
Journey.Convenient for realizing using remote sensing and GIS, road Identification and image segmentation are the basic content of remote sensing images identification, area for invention
Domain areal calculation is the basic function of GIS, need to only optimize region area algorithm.The assessment of energy objective quantitative of the present invention one
The case where urban culture land used, while certain reference role is played to urban culture plan for land.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of text ground rate calculation method based on remote sensing images and GIS-Geographic Information System, which is characterized in that specific steps include:
Step 1, it treats zoning and carries out the town site area recognition based on index image, obtain urban construction and always use
Ground area A；
Step 2, cultural land used POI data is imported in the GIS map vector in region to be calculated, cultural land used is denoted as Pi, i expression
The number of cultural land used, value are 1 to n；
Step 3, the GIS map vector in the region to be calculated of cultural land used POI data and the remote sensing in region to be calculated will be imported
Figure registration identifies cultural land used PiMajor trunk roads and major trunk roads, subsidiary road and subsidiary road and major trunk roads within the scope of surrounding 100m
Closed area is formed by with subsidiary road；
Step 4, m non-culture land-use style POI are imported in the closed area that step 3 obtains is denoted as Qm, with cultural land used PiFor
Center, point based on the non-cultural land-use style POI of m, carries out image segmentation using the watershed algorithm based on texture gradient, will
Image segmentation is m+1 region, and selection includes PiTexture Segmentation region as cultural land used region, be denoted as Ci；
Step 5, i is successively traversed from 1 to n, to each of obtaining cultural land used region CiAreal calculation is carried out, S is denoted asi；
Step 6, the literate land area of institute and S are calculated:SiFor each cultural land used CiArea；
Step 7, seek literate land area and S and the total land area A of urban construction ratio R: R=S/A；R is to calculate
The literary ground rate acquired.
2. a kind of literary ground rate calculation method based on remote sensing images and GIS-Geographic Information System according to claim 1, special
Sign is, in step 1, when carrying out town site area recognition, selects and normalizes exposed index as urban construction use
The indicator on ground removes the noise information in non-constructive land region by Threshold segmentation, mask process, obtains city-building use
Ground information.
3. a kind of literary ground rate calculation method based on remote sensing images and GIS-Geographic Information System according to claim 1, special
Sign is, in step 1, the specific steps of town site area recognition include:
(1) it calculates and normalizes exposed index: the wave band that spectrum gray average is directed between 20-120 range is denoted as wave
Section 1, the wave band that spectrum gray average is directed between 20-180 range is denoted as wave band 2；
Normalize the calculation formula of exposed index are as follows: normalize exposed index=(wave band 2- wave band 1)/(wave band 1+ wave band 2)；
(2) given threshold；It is 1 to the pixel assignment for being higher than threshold value in remote sensing image, the pixel assignment lower than threshold value is 0；It assigns
Value is town site area for 1.
4. a kind of literary ground rate calculation method based on remote sensing images and GIS-Geographic Information System according to claim 3, special
Sign is that the threshold value in step (2) is set as 140.
5. a kind of literary ground rate calculation method based on remote sensing images and GIS-Geographic Information System according to claim 3, special
Sign is, further includes: step (3)；
(3) interference is carried out to the image after step (2) assignment to handle.
6. a kind of literary ground rate calculation method based on remote sensing images and GIS-Geographic Information System according to claim 1, special
Sign is that cultural land used is divided into cultural spirit mark land used, commemorates land used, religion land used, cultural heritage land used and cultural facility
Land used；
POI data includes: classification, title and coordinate.
7. a kind of literary ground rate calculation method based on remote sensing images and GIS-Geographic Information System according to claim 1, special
Sign is, step 3, will import the GIS map vector in the region to be calculated of cultural land used POI data and the remote sensing in region to be calculated
Map autoregistration passes through remote sensing images automatic identification culture land used PiIt is major trunk roads within the scope of surrounding 100m and major trunk roads, secondary
Arterial highway and subsidiary road and major trunk roads and subsidiary road are formed by closed area；Major trunk roads are had a lot of social connections for 45m-55m, and subsidiary road is had a lot of social connections
For 40m-50m.
8. a kind of literary ground rate calculation method based on remote sensing images and GIS-Geographic Information System according to claim 7, special
Sign is that the specific steps that map vector carries out autoregistration with remote sensing map include:
(1) select Ground Control Points, reselection Image are selected in the register of main menu in ENVI
To map carries out geometric precision correction to polar plot and remote sensing figure；
(2) in ENVI by correct after image based on, use Function/Overlays/Vector in master image window
Polar plot is added on the image after correcting by Layers, obtains registration image.
9. a kind of literary ground rate calculation method based on remote sensing images and GIS-Geographic Information System according to claim 7, special
Sign is, passes through remote sensing images automatic identification culture land used PiMajor trunk roads within the scope of surrounding 100m and major trunk roads, subsidiary road with
The specific steps that subsidiary road and major trunk roads are formed by closed area with subsidiary road include:
(1) block of pixels for reading predetermined position on Raster by the Read method of IRaster interface in GIS, passes through pixel
The GetVal method of block obtains the pixel value in predetermined position, determines cultural land used P on remote sensing imagesiBelong in 100 meters of surrounding
The pixel on road；
(2) directional information for belonging to the pixel of road is calculated；
(3) expansive working is carried out to the pixel for belonging to road；
(4) road in remote sensing images is identified by road area and directional information, obtains major trunk roads and is formed with subsidiary road
Closed area.
10. a kind of literary ground rate calculation method based on remote sensing images and GIS-Geographic Information System according to claim 1, special
Sign is that when the watershed algorithm based on texture gradient carries out image segmentation, specific algorithm step includes: step 4
(1) including PiClosed area in all POI points carry out initialization tag image, generate image M；
(2) M is traversed, edge enhancing is carried out；
(3) continuous gradient is calculated, obtained point is stored in corresponding height above sea level queue；
(4) pixel in height above sea level queue is traversed, m watershed line, m watershed line are found according to simulative immersion process
Closed area is divided into m+1 region；Complete the segmentation to closed area.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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