CN109376429A - A kind of concrete dam template safe construction analysis method based on finite element simulation - Google Patents
A kind of concrete dam template safe construction analysis method based on finite element simulation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The concrete dam template safe construction analysis method based on finite element simulation that the invention discloses a kind of.The present invention simulates the stress and the deformation rule of development of high and big die plate different load-bearing operating condition lower templates before concreting roller compaction construction and in construction by finite element simulation, according to large formwork design drawing and technical parameter, three-dimensional finite element model is converted by former two-dimentional drawing in ADINA finite element software AUI Geometric Modeling, the lateral pressure surveyed in conjunction with existing live filling construction, deformation parameter and form boundary constraint condition parameter setting, analogue simulation large form is under different work operating condition, especially least favorable construction loads, such as the deformation and stress prediction analysis in the case of quickly filling, optimize and install transformation for large formwork design and construction technology adjustment provides decision parameters, ensure stencil design and the safety and economic benefit that construction is used.
Description
Technical field
The high and big die plate safe construction analysis method based on finite element simulation that the present invention relates to a kind of, more specifically one
The method that kind controls high and big die plate safe design and construction application using ADINA threedimensional FEM.
Background technique
Concrete high and big die plate of building a dam refers to that applying to Concrete Dam Construction upstream and downstream face Dan Cang pours more than 3m's or more
Single storehouse steel monolith large form.Usual large form structure type includes: continuous climbing formwork, semi-cantilever template, cantilever mould
Plate etc., the rising mould plate that turns over being most widely used in engineering at present use the steel of 3m × 3.1m to customize or process template substantially, this
Class template construction technology is more mature, but construction efficiency is low, artificial mechanism and high material consumption, is still not suitable with engineering rapid construction
Demand.Domestic and international concrete, which builds a dam to construct, is showed no the report of template safety analytical method in layer rapid construction of implementing to rise higher, former
Because being that loading characteristic of the high and big die plate in continuous dam construction construction is complicated, lacks reliable theory analysis techniques means always and have
Imitate practical proof.For rising higher, how intensity, stability and rigidity required by layer rapid construction template storehouse surface assembly system are counted
It calculates and controls, it is ensured that shape, size and relative position after concrete formation meet design requirement, and big template of assembling is avoided to run
Mould, deformation and stress unsafe problems have not yet to see suitable theory analysis and feasible construction control method；Tall and big mould
In board concrete construction loading process, lateral pressure suffered by template, plane inner edge bound constrained and storehouse inner template lacing wire arrangement etc.
The outer dynamic constrained technical problem of plane, lacks Rational simplified model and effective analysis method in calculating.
High and big die plate connection scheme employed in domestic and international project, all not to template in construction the stress of template, shape
Become situation and carries out effective quantitative analysis.In practice, form work engineering strutting means is improper, form stable is insufficient, causes in construction
Template cave-in accident occurs repeatedly, and causes economic loss, casualties.For this purpose, studying a kind of high and big die plate safe construction analysis
Method has practical directive significance to realization concrete blinding quick and safety construction technology, can provide for Construction Scheme
Reliable theory analysis quantitative basis ensures construction safety and achievees the purpose that economy.
Safety analytical method there is no to high and big die plate construction technology in view of the current country, the present invention is based on finite element softwares to build
Safe simulation analysis method under vertical high and big die plate Construction State, establish high and big die plate intensity, rigidity and stability and
The analysis methods such as economy provide Reliable Design application foundation for the economy of concrete high and big die plate, safe construction, solve
How effectively to meet construction and safety standard requirements problem under the conditions of quick construction technology.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is insufficient according to prior art to be disclosed a kind of concrete dam template based on finite element simulation and applies safely
Work analysis method.Object of the present invention is to: for the economy, safety and reliable construction for ensuring high and big die plate, provide a kind of based on limited
The high and big die plate working security analysis method of member emulation: high and big die plate is simulated by finite element simulation and is rolled in concreting
The stress and the deformation rule of development of different load-bearing operating condition lower templates before construction and in construction, according to large formwork design drawing and technology
Parameter converts three-dimensional finite element model for former two-dimentional drawing in ADINA finite element software AUI Geometric Modeling, in conjunction with existing
Lateral pressure, deformation parameter and the form boundary constraint condition parameter setting of live filling construction actual measurement, analogue simulation large form
Under different work operating condition, especially least favorable construction loads, such as quickly fill in the case of deformation and stress prediction analysis, be
Large formwork design optimizes and installation is transformed and construction technology adjustment provides decision parameters, it is ensured that stencil design and construction utilization
Safety and economic benefit.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
The first step establishes model.It is soft in ADINA finite element according to large formwork design drawing size geometry and technical parameter
Three-dimensional finite element physical model is converted by two-dimentional drawing in part.
Second step, definition material attribute.It include: punching block material, yield strength, Poisson's ratio, elasticity modulus, density etc., steel
Material is using ideal linear elastic model.
Third step, determination unit type.Due to the panel of template, frame, end frame, transverse bar plate, vertical gusset and girder truss
Based on steel plate, angle steel and I-steel, length and width are bigger, deformation and stress when analyzing steel form safety mainly for template
Index is calculated using Shell unit simulation.Shell unit strains four node shell units using three-dimensional finite element, wherein each
Node has six-freedom degree, i.e., three around the rotational freedom in reference axis x, y, z direction and three along reference axis x, y, z direction
Translational degree of freedom.The outer lacing wire of panel frontal plane uses Truss unit Simplified analysis, only considers when using Truss unit simulation
Axle power ignores quality of materials.
4th step, division unit grid.Grid dividing mainly uses free mesh, and template is drawn in different parts grid
Divide and take different accuracy: panel, frame and end frame dividing precision requirement are lower, and grid spacing takes 80-100mm；Transverse bar plate, vertical muscle
Plate and girder truss dividing precision are more demanding, and grid spacing takes 30-50mm.
5th step, simulating boundary condition.Large form common two kinds of connection types-in processing are welded and are bolted, body
It is then that connection is substituted using constraint in present three-dimensional finite element model；Steel takes over generation welding and deflects and be displaced all fixed, hinge
It takes over and deflects and be not fixed for i.e. displacement fixation is bolted.It is by being welded in same welding plate between two truss of template
Connection, is presented as the point-to-point staff cultivation of apex angle on model；Upper and lower two pieces of templates are connected using adjustable bolt, in model
On be presented as point-to-point displacement constraint；It is bolted between the frame of template end and is presented as aspectant displacement constraint.
6th step, simulation load load.For abnormal concrete load least favorable situation in construction simulation, according to " building
Construction formwork technical specification of security " (JGJ162-2014) newly-laid concrete for providing acts on the lateral pressure formula of template
Obtain lateral pressure load.
F=γcH (2)
In formula: F is maximum lateral pressure of the newly-laid concrete to template；γcFor the force density of newly-laid concrete；t0It is mixed
Coagulate the presetting period of soil；Height when H is concrete lateral pressure calculating position to young concrete top surface；β1For additive shadow
Ring correction factor；β2Correction factor is influenced for concrete slump；V is the speed of perfusion of concrete.Resulting lateral pressure multiplied by
Safety coefficient 1.2 loads on finite element model to be layered equal portion's load mode.Meanwhile model integrally adds gravity laod.
7th step, FEM calculation.The finite element model for completing pre-treatment is run and is solved, while being added according to standard construction
Actual condition is carried, actual measurement template ess-strain rule adjusts constrained parameters, and verifying simulation analysis model is consistent with measured result
Property, and then improve the accurate reliability of modeling Analysis.
8th step, emulation post-processing, generates large form stress, strain, amount of deflection and the deformation cloud atlas under respective operating condition, calculates
Strength and stiffness under large form working condition, it is ensured that any operating condition lower template amount of deflection and rigidity meet " building construction formwork peace
Full technical specification " (JGJ162-2014) regulation.
The beneficial effect of technical solution of the present invention is:
The construction safety of traditional high and big die plate is analyzed, due to lacking reliable Load value method, it is often more important that cannot
The fine formwork structure stress characteristic fining stress mould established under the conditions of variation is filled under construction loads and perimeter constraint scheme
Type can not carry out the calculating of formwork safety index, as under unfavorable operating condition the large formwork construction phase its overall stiffness, intensity and unit
Stress, strain changing rule and quantization parameter.Therefore, the technique and construction of conventional tall and big punching block, institute are added using stencil design
Work and construction and installation and reinforcement is remedied in time after relying more heavily on engineering experience using monitoring and find the problem.
The present invention uses Finite Element Simulation Analysis high and big die plate stress, strain, amount of deflection and deformation, and big mould is obtained before construction
Strength and stiffness under plate working condition provide verifying basis and condition for template safety and optimization design, are practice of construction side
Case analysis provides reliable theoretical foundation.Compared to the safety point of traditional formula calculation template stress, strain, load and tolerances
Analysis method, the present invention can more Accurate Model, can rapid qualitative analysis verifying build a dam high template design and construction application safety, energy
The security risk in construction is effectively reduced, achievees the purpose that economy.
Finite Element Simulation Analysis of the present invention, can be in design phase simulated templates construction stress process, template items safety
Numerical results precision is high, can effectively calculation template structure it is whole insufficient with detailed design, convenient for optimization stencil design.
Finite Element Simulation Analysis of the present invention can build a dam the construction stage in concrete, by actual measurement template internal stress strain, instead
It drills finite element model parameter and meets different realtime construction operating condition needs, it can be ensured that safety and stabilization of the template under different operating conditions
Property analysis and control.
Analysis method of the present invention is easy, analyzes visual result, fineness is high, and index is clear, and highly reliable, generalization is good；
All there is effect adaptability to different templates, construction operating condition, implement economy and practicability is higher.
Detailed description of the invention
Process flow chart Fig. 1 of the invention.
The built three-dimensional finite element model figure of Fig. 2 embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 (1) is lateral pressure maximum duty template stress distribution of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 (2) is lateral pressure maximum duty template Strain Distribution of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 (3) is lateral pressure maximum duty template strain analysis result of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 verification experimental verification measuring point distribution of the present invention.
Maximum stress value under each measuring point difference operating condition of Fig. 5 present invention, in figure, ordinate indicates stress, unit 108N/m2, horizontal
Each measuring point of coordinate representation is 1 to 6 measuring point in figure.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described With reference to embodiment, specific embodiment be to the principle of the invention into
One step explanation, does not limit the invention in any way, and same or like technology is protected without departing from the present invention with the present invention
Range.
In conjunction with attached drawing.
This example is chosen storehouse No. 1888.0 of the 4th monolith upstream 1882.0~elevation of dam facing elevation of Lancang River left bank and is ground
6.2m big template of assembling (being composed of two pieces of 3m*3.1m large forms) in concrete construction is pressed, and imitative according to finite element
True analysis, obtains Security analysis result, has carried out and has effectively practiced and with the template strain examination during site operation
Measured value is tested, simulation analysis reliability is demonstrated.
(1) design drawing geometry and technical parameter are had according to the large form for providing this engineering, in ADINA finite element software
It is middle to convert three-dimensional finite element simulation model for two-dimentional drawing.
(2) material of template and support backrest is Q235 standard steel, and tensile strength is 4.6 × 108N·m-2, steel adopt
With ideal linearity elastic model, elasticity modulus 2.1 × 1011N·m-2, Poisson's ratio 0.3, density 7800kgm-3, by the above material
Parameter assignment is to model built.
(3) production steel form and the material of support backrest are Q235 standard steel, panel, frame, the end frame, transverse bar of template
Based on steel plate, angle steel and I-steel, length and width are bigger for plate, vertical gusset and girder truss, analyze main when steel form safety
Deformation and stress index for template, are simulated using Shell unit, and the lacing wire before panel is carried out using Truss unit
Simulation, only considers axle power when using Truss unit simulation, ignores quality of materials.
(4) grid dividing mainly uses free mesh, and template is different in the precision of different parts grid dividing, face
Plate, frame and end frame dividing precision requirement are lower, and grid spacing takes 80-100mm；Transverse bar plate, vertical gusset and girder truss divide
Required precision is higher, and grid spacing takes 30-50mm, and monolithic 3m × 3.1m template has divided 14389 nodes altogether.
(5) longitudinal holding power suffered by template pours the mould that do not dismantle after the completion from upper storehouse grinding coagulation soil in construction
Plate, and the template in a upper storehouse relies primarily on bolt and is connected and fixed with the concrete for pouring completion, in large form finite element modeling mistake
Cheng Zhong is longitudinal restraint suffered by 6.2m template in construction simulation, constraint should be arranged at lower template bolt hole；Cross force according to
Lacing wire is fixed in grinding coagulation soil storehouse, and obligatory point is arranged in lacing wire Gu Jiedianchu.
(6) when load loads, it is abnormal concrete in construction simulation as far as possible to the lateral pressure least favorable situation of template, adopts
Uniform load is taken to be applied to template, by calculating resulting lateral pressure multiplied by safety coefficient 1.2, final lateral pressure is 14.28kN/m2
Design value index with ensure template installation safety and casting concrete rear pattern plate stability and pour the flat of face
It is whole, lateral pressure is applied to template every 0.5m with construction speed.Meanwhile model integrally adds gravity laod.
(7) operation solution is carried out to the finite element model for completing pre-treatment, while is constructed according to standard and loads actual condition,
Template ess-strain rule is surveyed, constrained parameters are adjusted, verifying obtains model analysis and measured result consistency, and then guarantees have
Limit the accurate reliability of Meta Model analysis.
(8) it post-processes, generates stress, strain, amount of deflection and deformation cloud atlas and analyzed, be template deformation among die head
The most easy deviation post of template in maximum and practice of construction, largest deformation are that 8.096mm is not out feasible value.Work as load
When in least favorable state, location of maximum stress appears in template upper bolt hole position, especially with the lowest part spiral shell of upper former
Stress is maximum at keyhole, simulation analysis template maximum stress σ=2.69 × 108N/m2。
(9) after the completion of large form is assembled, foil gauge is installed in previously selected measuring point, while grinding coagulation soil pours into
Row on-the-spot test, adds up 7 rounds of acquisition, and data before not poured using concrete often pour 1.5m in casting process as benchmark
Carry out one acquisition, and acquisition 6.0m concreting after the completion of for 24 hours with the data of 48h.After acquisition data need to turn to template
The number conducting wire for connecting foil gauge is connect by station with Acquisition Instrument, and setting sample frequency is 5.12Hz, each measuring point acquisition 2
Minute, validation template ess-strain is calculated according to the collected data.
(10) it deflection design: is provided according to " building construction formwork technical specification of security " (JGJ162-2014), exposed template
Deformation must not exceed the 1/400 i.e. 15.5mm that feasible value is effective span.It is template deformation maximum among die head, and
The most easy deviation post of template in practice of construction, largest deformation are that 8.096mm is not out feasible value.Meanwhile template deformation with
The rising of form height becomes larger, this is also the reason of 6m or more grinding coagulation clay model plate is rarely employed, and template is higher, and deformation is bigger,
Construction safety, quality are difficult to control.
In formula: F is abnormal concrete lateral pressure standard value；B0For panel rigidity；E is steel elasticity modulus；h2For panel thickness
Degree；ν is steel Poisson's ratio；KfFor flexibility factor；VmaxFor panel maximum defluxion.
(11) strength checking: form surfacing is that need to be carried out bending strength and rigidity checking by kinking structure.Since large form is long
Wide ratio is greater than 2, can calculate by three-span continuous beam.
In formula: MmaxFor panel max calculation moment-curvature relationship；γX1 is taken for plastic ratio of member section；WXFor moment of flexure plane
Interior net section resistance moment；σmaxFor plate face maximum (normal) stress.
(12) according to deflection design formula calculate maximum defluxion is 14.85mm, finite element modelling value meets checking computation results.
Obtaining large form to can bear maximum (normal) stress according to strength checking formula is 4.6 × 108N/m2, such as Fig. 5, it is higher than finite element simulation
Analyze result 2.69 × 108N/m2, show that this high and big die plate arrangement and method for construction safety is reliable.
(13) tall and big grinding coagulation soil template construction is modeled using the present invention, in simulation analysis template construction
Deformation and stress, and passed through actual verification.The result shows that high and big die plate construction is able to achieve steady under the conditions of normally rolling and pouring
Dingan County is complete.Field test measurement obtains template strain data, demonstrates the accuracy of finite element simulation simulation, obtains template stress
With the change curve for the progress that pours, show steady still in safety at construction formwork in concreting lateral pressure least favorable
Determine state.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of concrete dam template safe construction analysis method based on finite element simulation, it is characterised in that including following step
It is rapid:
The first step establishes model: according to large formwork design drawing size geometry and technical parameter, in ADINA finite element software
Three-dimensional finite element physical model is converted by two-dimentional drawing；
Second step, definition material attribute: including: punching block material, yield strength, Poisson's ratio, elasticity modulus, density etc., steel are adopted
With ideal linear elastic model；
Third step, determination unit type: panel, frame, end frame, transverse bar plate, vertical gusset and the girder truss of template use Shell
Unit simulation calculates deformation and stress index；The outer lacing wire of panel frontal plane uses Truss unit Simplified analysis, mono- using Truss
Axle power is only considered when member simulation, ignores quality of materials；
4th step, division unit grid: grid dividing mainly uses free mesh, and template is adopted in different parts grid dividing
Take different accuracy: panel, frame and end frame grid division spacing take 80-100mm；Transverse bar plate, vertical gusset and girder truss divide
Grid spacing takes 30-50mm；
5th step, simulating boundary condition: large form processing is welded and is bolted using two kinds of connection type-, and three-dimensional is embodied in
In finite element model, connection is substituted using constraint；Steel is taken over generation welding i.e. deflection and is displaced and all fixes, hinged to substitute bolt company
I.e. displacement is connect to fix and deflect and be not fixed；It is to be connected by being welded in same welding plate between two truss of template, in model
On be presented as the point-to-point staff cultivation of apex angle；Upper and lower two pieces of templates are connected using adjustable bolt, are presented as a little on model
Displacement constraint to point；It is bolted between the frame of template end and is presented as aspectant displacement constraint；
6th step, simulation load load: for abnormal concrete load least favorable situation in construction simulation, according to " construction
Template technical specification of security " (JGJ162-2014) newly-laid concrete for providing acts on the lateral pressure formula (1) of template
(2) lateral pressure load is obtained；
F=γcH (2)
In formula: F is maximum lateral pressure of the newly-laid concrete to template；γcFor the force density of newly-laid concrete；t0For concrete
Presetting period；Height when H is concrete lateral pressure calculating position to young concrete top surface；β1It is repaired for additive influence
Positive coefficient；β2Correction factor is influenced for concrete slump；V is the speed of perfusion of concrete；Resulting lateral pressure is multiplied by safety
Coefficient 1.2 loads on finite element model to be layered equal portion's load mode；Meanwhile model integrally adds gravity laod；
7th step, FEM calculation: running the finite element model for completing pre-treatment and solve, while real according to standard construction load
Border operating condition, actual measurement template ess-strain rule, adjusts constrained parameters, verifying simulation analysis model and measured result consistency, into
And improve the accurate reliability of modeling Analysis:
Emulation post-processing: 8th step generates large form stress, strain, amount of deflection and the deformation cloud atlas under respective operating condition, calculates big mould
Strength and stiffness under plate working condition, it is ensured that any operating condition lower template amount of deflection and rigidity meet " the safe skill of building construction formwork
Art specification " (JGJ162-2014) regulation.
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