CN109375656B - Elastic damping type counterweight mechanism of photovoltaic tracking support and design method thereof - Google Patents
Elastic damping type counterweight mechanism of photovoltaic tracking support and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109375656B CN109375656B CN201811535522.6A CN201811535522A CN109375656B CN 109375656 B CN109375656 B CN 109375656B CN 201811535522 A CN201811535522 A CN 201811535522A CN 109375656 B CN109375656 B CN 109375656B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an elastic damping type counterweight mechanism of a photovoltaic tracking support, wherein a plurality of counterweight swing arms perpendicular to a photovoltaic cell panel are installed on a rotating main shaft on the back of the photovoltaic cell panel of a single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support in a distributed mode, a one-way elastic damper is arranged between each counterweight swing arm and a support upright post, and meanwhile, a counterweight block is installed at the lower end of each counterweight swing arm to form an elastic damping type counterweight system. According to the magnitude of the eccentric torque of the rotating main shaft acted by the photovoltaic cell panel, the counterweight torque mutually offset with the eccentric torque of the photovoltaic cell panel can be formed by setting the mass of the balancing weight, and the purposes of reducing the torque demand and power consumption of the driving mechanism are achieved. The invention also discloses a design method of the elastic damping type counterweight mechanism of the photovoltaic tracking support, when the rotating main shaft on the photovoltaic cell panel rotates away from the horizontal position, the one-way elastic damper provides speed-limiting damping to prevent the rotating main shaft from generating excessive elastic torsion under the action of wind load.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sun tracking devices, particularly relates to an elastic damping type counterweight mechanism of a photovoltaic tracking support, and further relates to a design method of the counterweight mechanism.
Background
The tracking type photovoltaic support is an important component of the solar photovoltaic power generation device, and the photovoltaic cell panel arranged on the support can face the incident direction of the solar rays as far as possible by automatically adjusting the working angle of the tracking support, so that the aim of receiving solar radiation energy to the maximum extent by the photovoltaic cell panel is fulfilled.
Since the photovoltaic panel is very sensitive to the shadow formed by the shelter, it is usually necessary to mount the photovoltaic panel at the uppermost part of the entire mechanical structure of the tracking bracket in order to avoid the generation of shadow and the reduction of the power generation. The general structural mode is that purlins are installed on the upper portion of a main shaft in an overlying mode, and then photovoltaic cell panels are installed on the upper portions of the purlins, so that the surfaces of the cell panels can be guaranteed to be higher than all mechanical structures, and the generation of shading shadows is avoided.
The double-shaft photovoltaic tracking system for completely tracking the movement of the sun is high in manufacturing cost, can be simplified in order to improve the investment-to-profit ratio, and only performs single tracking on one rotating shaft with a large change speed and a large range, so that the single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support system is formed.
In order to reduce the acting force of strong wind on the tracking support and protect the tracking support, when the wind speed reaches a certain set value, the tracking type photovoltaic system can automatically adjust the support to the position where the photovoltaic cell panel is horizontal to the ground, the windward area of the support is the minimum at the position, and the wind load effect is the weakest. This position of the tracking carriage is often referred to as the "wind-resistant protection position".
The non-shielding requirement of the solar panel of the tracking type photovoltaic bracket results in that the solar panel is required to be arranged on the upper part of the bracket and forms a certain eccentricity with the center of a rotating shaft. The photovoltaic cell panel is installed on the rotation axis, and because there is distance S between the panel focus and the centre of rotation main shaft, when the photovoltaic cell panel leaves horizontal position, after taking place the declination, will form eccentric moment of torsion.
The presence of this eccentric moment brings about the following problems:
(1) the larger eccentric torque causes the moment demand on the driving mechanism to be increased when the tracking bracket works, the larger the deflection angle of the tracking bracket is, the larger the eccentric torque is, and the maximum value is reached when the deflection angle is 90 degrees. Increasing the drive torque to drive the gantry to rotate also increases the cost of the tracking system and power consumption.
(2) When a large number of battery plates are mounted on the main shaft, the length of the main shaft is increased, and meanwhile, the larger torque transmitted by the main shaft is, so that the main shaft is twisted and deformed due to the transmission of the large torque. The tracking support driving mechanism is usually arranged in the middle of a rotating main shaft, and the battery panel extends towards two sides along the main shaft. The farther the distance from the driving mechanism, the larger the accumulated deformation of the spindle, resulting in inconsistent tracking angles of the battery boards on the same spindle.
In addition to the problem of eccentric torque, the following wind-borne buffeting problem also exists for tracking photovoltaic supports:
(3) in order to reduce the system cost, the photovoltaic tracking support usually adopts a simpler transmission device and a light-weight structure, so that the elastic deformation and the transmission clearance of the whole support are larger. The wind load acts on the panel of the tracking support, and can cause the panel to drive the rotating shaft to generate buffeting in the transmission clearance and elastic deformation range. Even if the tracking type photovoltaic support is located at a wind-resistant protection position, the wind load can enable the battery panel to deviate from the horizontal position to generate buffeting due to the existence of transmission gaps and elastic deformation.
As described in the above (1) and (2), since the tracking bracket has an eccentricity caused by the heavy structure of the upper part and the light structure of the lower part of the main shaft, after the buffeting occurs in the point (3), the deviation amplitude of the panel is further increased by the eccentric torque formed by the heavy structure and the light structure, and the impact damage to the bracket is further increased.
Such buffeting of the tracking bracket may cause impact stress to the panel, thereby causing a series of problems such as panel cracks and bolt looseness.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an elastic damping type counterweight mechanism of a photovoltaic tracking support, which solves the problem that the wind-load shake and the eccentric moment of a rotating main shaft of the conventional single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support reduce the energy efficiency of a system.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for designing the above-mentioned counterweight mechanism.
The first technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the photovoltaic solar cell panel support comprises a plurality of support upright columns which are linearly arranged, wherein a rotating bearing is arranged at the top end of each support upright column, a rotating main shaft is arranged through the centers of the plurality of rotating bearings, a plurality of photovoltaic cell panels are arranged on the rotating main shaft, and the photovoltaic cell panels are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the rotating main shaft; a counterweight swing arm is arranged at the joint of the support upright post and the rotating main shaft and is vertical to the back of the photovoltaic cell panel; a one-way elastic damper is arranged between the balance weight swing arm and the support upright post;
the free swing arm end of counter weight swing arm is equipped with the balancing weight, and the balancing weight passes through the counter weight swing arm to main rotation axis input moment of torsion, and this moment of torsion is used for balancing the eccentric moment of torsion that photovoltaic cell board formed to main rotation axis.
The first technical scheme of the invention is also characterized in that:
the unidirectional elastic damper adopts a unidirectional pull rod type damper, and comprises a unidirectional elastic damper body and a damper pull rod, wherein the unidirectional pull rod type damper is connected with the photovoltaic support in a mode that: the fixed end of the unidirectional elastic damper body is connected to the supporting upright post through an upright post hinge, and the damper pull rod at the telescopic end of the unidirectional elastic damper body is connected to the balance weight swing arm through a swing arm hinge;
or the fixed end of the one-way elastic damper body is connected to the balance weight swing arm through a swing arm hinge, and the damper pull rod at the telescopic end of the one-way elastic damper body is connected to the support upright post through an upright post hinge.
When the photovoltaic cell panel is in a horizontal position, the counterweight swing arm is vertically downward, the distance between the swing arm hinge and the stand column hinge is shortest, the one-way elastic damper body retracts to a shortest state, and when the photovoltaic cell panel deviates from the horizontal position, the damper pull rod is stretched.
The unidirectional elastic damper adopts a unidirectional traction type damper and comprises a rotating shaft arranged on a damping mechanism frame, wherein a traction type damper body, a winding wheel and a volute spiral spring mechanism are coaxially arranged on the rotating shaft in sequence, and a rope is wound on the winding wheel;
the connecting mode of the one-way traction type damper and the supporting upright column is as follows:
the traction type damping mechanism frame is connected with a traction type damper body fixedly connected with the traction type damping mechanism frame and is connected to the lower part of the support upright post, and the movable end of a traction type damper rope is connected to a traction point of a counterweight swing arm at the lower end of the counterweight swing arm;
or the traction type damping mechanism frame is connected with a traction type damper body fixedly connected with the traction type damping mechanism frame and is arranged at the lower end of the counterweight swing arm, and the movable end of a traction type damper rope is connected to the lower part of the support upright post.
When the photovoltaic cell panel is in a horizontal position, the balance weight swing arm is vertically downward, meanwhile, the traction point of the balance weight swing arm is closest to the rope outlet position of the traction type damper body, the length of the rope which is collected into the traction type damper body is the largest, the length of the rope which is exposed outside the traction type damper body is the smallest, and when the photovoltaic cell panel deviates from the horizontal position, the length of the damper rope which is stretched is increased.
The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a design method of an elastic damping type counterweight mechanism of a photovoltaic tracking support comprises a plurality of support columns which are linearly arranged, wherein a rotating bearing is arranged at the top end of each support column, a rotating main shaft is arranged through the centers of the plurality of rotating bearings, the rotating main shaft is provided with a plurality of photovoltaic cell panels, and the photovoltaic cell panels are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the rotating main shaft; a balance weight swing arm is installed on the rotating main shaft and is perpendicular to the back face of the photovoltaic cell panel, and a one-way elastic damper used for absorbing wind shock energy and inhibiting the shaking of the rotating main shaft can be arranged between the balance weight swing arm and a fixed point on the ground.
The balancing weight is installed to the free swing arm end of counter weight swing arm, and the balancing weight passes through the counter weight swing arm to main rotation axis input moment of torsion, moment of torsion computational formula:
Nd＝G×L×9.8×cosα(1)；
nd is balance weight input torque, G is balance weight mass, L is balance weight swing arm equivalent length, and alpha is tracking support deflection angle;
the torque is used for balancing the eccentric torque formed by the photovoltaic cell panel on the main rotating shaft.
The unidirectional elastic damper comprises a fixed point and a telescopic traction point, the distance between the fixed point and the telescopic traction point is increased when the damper is stretched, meanwhile, an elastic mechanism is compressed to store energy, the damping force of the damper is smaller when the stretching speed is lower, the damping torque rises to a rated value when the stretching speed exceeds a set threshold value, when external tension force disappears or is smaller than the elastic retraction force, the damper retracts under the action of external pressure or elastic retraction force, and the distance between the fixed point and the telescopic traction point is reduced.
The unidirectional elastic damper comprises a fixed point and a telescopic traction point, wherein the fixed point is connected to a part fixedly connected with a photovoltaic support foundation, the telescopic traction point is connected to a moving counterweight swing arm, when the support is in a horizontal wind-resistant position, the distance between the fixed point of the unidirectional elastic damper and the telescopic traction point is shortest, when the photovoltaic tracking support normally tracks the sun, the movement speed of the telescopic traction point is lower than the speed threshold of the unidirectional elastic damper, and the damping force of the damper is smaller; when the movement speed of the telescopic draw point is higher than the speed threshold of the one-way elastic damper due to wind-load buffeting, the damping force of the damper reaches a larger rated value, the larger damping force is provided for the tracking support to limit the swinging vibration speed of the rotating main shaft of the support, and wind vibration energy is absorbed.
The balance weight swing arm, the balance weight block and the one-way elastic damper form an elastic damping balance weight mechanism assembly, and the elastic damping balance weight mechanism assembly is at least respectively installed at two ends of the rotating main shaft due to the maximum deformation and the strongest buffeting at two ends of the rotating main shaft;
in order to ensure that the stress distribution of the rotating main shaft is uniform and the photovoltaic tracking support operates stably, a plurality of elastic damping counterweight mechanism aggregates can be arranged on the rotating main shaft at intervals.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the elastic damping type counterweight mechanism of the photovoltaic tracking support balances the eccentric torque formed by the upper cell panel by mounting the counterweight swing arm on the main shaft, and achieves the effects of reducing the deformation of the main shaft and reducing the torque of the driving mechanism; meanwhile, the speed limiting damping is carried out on the speed of the bracket leaving the horizontal position by a method of installing the unidirectional elastic damper on the counterweight swing arm, so that the bracket can be maintained in the horizontal wind-resistant state under the action of wind load as much as possible, and the wind-resistant performance of the bracket is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an elastic damping type counterweight mechanism of a photovoltaic tracking support according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of torque balance between a photovoltaic cell panel and a counterweight swing arm in an elastic damping counterweight mechanism of a photovoltaic tracking support according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a working state of a tension rod type one-way damper in the elastic damping type counterweight mechanism of the photovoltaic tracking support for wind-resistant protection of the photovoltaic tracking support;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional working state of a pull rod type one-way damper in the elastic damping type counterweight mechanism of the photovoltaic tracking support according to the invention;
FIG. 5 is a front view of a traction type one-way damper in an elastically damped counterweight mechanism of a photovoltaic tracking support according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an isometric view of a traction type one-way damper in an elastically damped counterweight mechanism of a photovoltaic tracking support according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a working state of a traction type one-way damper in the elastic damping type counterweight mechanism of the photovoltaic tracking support for wind-resistant protection of the photovoltaic tracking support;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of an installation structure of a traction type one-way damper on a photovoltaic tracking support in an elastic damping type counterweight mechanism of the photovoltaic tracking support.
In the figure, 1, a photovoltaic cell panel, 2, a rotating main shaft, 3, a rotating bearing, 4, a supporting upright post, 5, a driver, 6, a driver bracket, 7, a counterweight swing arm, 8, a pull rod type damper body, 9, a counterweight block, 10, a damper pull rod, 11, the gravity center of the photovoltaic cell panel, 12, the rotation center of the rotating main shaft, 13, a swing arm hinge, 14, an upright post hinge, 15, a traction type damper body, 16, a rope, 17, a counterweight swing arm traction point, 18, a damping mechanism frame, 19, a rotating shaft, 20, a reel, 21, a volute spring mechanism, 22, a left guide roller, 23, a one-way ratchet wheel and 24, a right guide roller.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention discloses an elastic damping type counterweight mechanism of a photovoltaic tracking support, which comprises a plurality of linearly arranged support columns 4, wherein a rotary bearing 3 is arranged at the top end of each support column 4, a rotary main shaft 2 is arranged through the centers of the rotary bearings 3, a plurality of photovoltaic cell panels 1 are arranged on the rotary main shaft 2, and the photovoltaic cell panels 1 are linearly arranged on the rotary main shaft 2, as shown in figure 1. The middle part of the rotating main shaft 2 is provided with a driver 5, and the driver 5 is arranged on a driver bracket 6. Under the drive of driver 5, rotating main shaft 2 can be rotatory around the 3 centers of a plurality of collinear swivel bearings to drive a set of photovoltaic cell panel 1 on the rotating main shaft 2 and track the change of sun position, reach the purpose that improves the photovoltaic generated energy.
As shown in fig. 2, the photovoltaic cell panel 1 is installed on the main rotation axis 2, and since there is a distance S between the center of gravity 11 of the photovoltaic cell panel 1 and the rotation center 12 of the main rotation axis, an eccentric torque is formed when the posture of the photovoltaic cell panel is away from the horizontal position. If 10 photovoltaic panels are installed in a section of the main rotating shaft 2, each panel weighing 28Kg and the eccentric distance S being 80mm, the eccentric torque formed by the section at a rotation inclination angle of 45 degrees is:
Ns＝10×28×0.08×9.8×cos45＝155.224≈155N.m
if there are 6 segments on a photovoltaic tracking bracket, the eccentric torque at 45 degrees of tracking angle is 930 n.m.
In order to maintain the bilateral symmetry, as shown in fig. 1, a driver 5 for driving and stabilizing is usually installed at a middle position of the entire rotary spindle 2. Two ends of the rotating main shaft 2 are in a follow-up state, and torque is transmitted through the structural strength of the rotating main shaft 2 under the driving of the driver 5, so that all the photovoltaic cell panels 1 are driven to rotate. The torque of 930n.m is distributed and applied to the rotating main shafts 2 on both sides of the actuator 5, and the accumulated torque increases and the accumulated elastic deformation of the rotating main shafts 2 increases as the distance from the actuator 5 increases.
As shown in fig. 2, a counterweight swing arm 7 is installed at the joint of the support upright 4 and the rotating main shaft 2, the counterweight swing arm 7 is vertically arranged with the back of the photovoltaic cell panel 1, and in order to save production cost, on the premise of meeting basic use requirements, only one counterweight swing arm 7 can be respectively installed at the position where the deformation of the two ends of the rotating main shaft 2 is maximum; if the stability and the safety of the support are concerned, economic factors are weakened, and the balance weight swing arm 7 can be arranged at the joint of each support upright post 4 and the rotating main shaft 2, so that the using effect is the best.
The counterweight 9 is installed at the lower end of the counterweight swing arm 7, in this embodiment, the weight of a single counterweight 9 is 28Kg, and the distance L between the center of gravity of the counterweight 9 and the rotation center 12 of the rotating spindle is 800mm, so that the balance torque input to the rotating spindle 2 by the single counterweight swing arm under the rotation inclination angle of 45 degrees is:
Nd＝28×0.8×9.8×cos45＝155.224≈155N.m
the direction of the balance torque Nd is opposite to the direction of the eccentric torque Ns, and after the balance weight swing arm 7 is installed on one rotating spindle section, the balance torque Nd input by the balance weight swing arm and the torque Ns formed by the eccentricity of the cell panel of the section are mutually offset.
In this embodiment, taking the installation of four counterweight swing arms 7 as an example, 2 counterweight swing arms 7 are respectively installed in two end regions of the rotating main shaft 2 far away from the driver 5, and then 4 counterweight swing arms 7 can input 620n.m of balancing torque to the rotating main shaft 2.
After the 4 balance weight swing arms are installed, the eccentric torques of the sections, far away from the driver 5, on the two sides of the rotating main shaft 2 are balanced, and the torques output by the driver 5 only need to overcome the eccentric torques of the sections, near the two sides of the rotating main shaft 2, and the friction force of the whole photovoltaic support. The torque requirement of the driver 5 is significantly reduced and the torsional deformation on both sides of the main beam is reduced.
In order to improve the wind resistance stability of the rotating main shaft 2, a one-way elastic damper for absorbing wind shock energy and inhibiting the buffeting speed of the rotating main shaft 2 is further arranged between the counterweight swing arm 7 and the support upright post 4. The unidirectional damper is a damper which only provides damping in a single direction, and the unidirectional damper is a unidirectional stretching damper. The unidirectional stretching damper provides speed-limiting damping when stretched, does not provide damping when the damper retracts, and the damping force is provided only in one direction. The one-way damper provides speed-limiting damping in the stretching process, when the pulling speed of the moving part of the damper is smaller than a set threshold, the pulling force is smaller, and when the pulling-out speed exceeds the set threshold, the mechanism is locked to limit the stretching of the damper or provide extra damping force to limit the moving speed of the counterweight swing arm. The unidirectional elastic damper is characterized in that a retraction spring mechanism is arranged on a unidirectional pull damper, when the damper is stretched, a spring stores energy, and after external tension is reduced or disappears, the spring mechanism automatically retracts the stroke of the damper.
The invention provides two implementation examples of a one-way elastic damper:
one-way pull rod type damper
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, a tie-rod damper body 8 is installed between the counterweight swing arm 7 and the support column 4. The telescopic damper pull rod 10 of the pull rod type damper body 8 is connected to the balance weight swing arm 7 through a swing arm hinge 13, and the fixed end of the pull rod type damper body 8 is connected to the upright post 4 through an upright post hinge 14.
When the damper stay 10 is stretched at a speed of less than 1.0mm/s, the sum of the damping and elastic tensile forces of the damper stay 10 is 45.0N. When the pulling speed is increased, the damping tension of the damper pull rod 10 is increased rapidly, and when the pulling speed is larger than 1.8mm/s, the damping tension of the damper pull rod 10 is increased to the rated value of 900.0N. The elastic retraction mechanism provides an elastic retraction force of 10.0N during retraction of the damper pull rod
As shown in fig. 3, when the counterweight swing arm 7 is vertically downward and the photovoltaic panel 1 is in the horizontal wind-resistant protection position, the distance from the swing arm hinge 13 to the upright post hinge 14 is minimal. As shown in fig. 2 and 4, when the panel leaves the horizontal position, the counterweight swing arm 7 deflects, the distance between the swing arm hinge 13 and the upright post hinge 14 is increased, the deflection angle is within 180 degrees, and the larger the deflection angle is, the larger the distance between the two points is.
In summary, when the tracking bracket is normally adjusted to be away from the horizontal wind-resistant position, the damper pull rod 10 of the pull rod type damper body 8 is stretched at a speed less than 1.0mm/s, and at this time, the one-way damper provides a damping and elastic tension of 45.0N. When the rotating main shaft of the tracking support generates buffeting under the action of wind load, the counterweight swing arm 7 rapidly swings outwards, and the damper pull rod 10 stretches at a speed greater than 1.8mm/s, the damper pull rod 10 of the pull rod type damper body 8 provides 900.0N damping pull force to absorb buffeting energy, the outward swinging speed of the counterweight swing arm 7 is limited, and the buffeting amplitude of the support is suppressed. When the wind load effect disappears, the distance between the swing arm hinge 13 and the upright post hinge 14 is compressed when the rotary main shaft of the tracking support returns to the horizontal position, and the damper pull rod 10 retreats the damper body 8 with the elastic retraction force of 10.0N, so that the support returns to the horizontal wind-resistant position as soon as possible.
During compression, the damper pull rod 10 is rigid, and thus the damper body 8 can be retracted correctly even without the resilient retraction mechanism. Not being equipped with an elastic retraction mechanism, while it may perform its basic function, it does not automatically eliminate the mechanical play, which is a simplified structure of the present example.
The specific parameters in the embodiment are only used for illustrating the working process of the invention, and changing the parameters does not affect the core content of the invention.
The working process and the characteristics of the invention are not influenced by the fixed positions of the two end points of the pull rod type damper which are interchanged in the embodiment.
Two, one-way traction type damper
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the one-way drag damper includes a U-shaped damping mechanism frame 18, a rotating shaft 19 is horizontally disposed in the damping mechanism frame 18, two ends of the rotating shaft 19 respectively extend out from two side stops of the damping mechanism frame 18, one end of the rotating shaft 19 coaxially connects to the drag damper body 15 after extending out from a left side stop of the damping mechanism frame 18, the other end of the rotating shaft 19 coaxially connects to a volute spring mechanism 21 after extending out from a right side stop of the damping mechanism frame 18, a reel 20 is coaxially sleeved on the rotating shaft 19, a rope 16 is wound on the reel 20, and when the rotating shaft 19 rotates clockwise, the rope 16 is wound on the reel 20. When the end of the rope 16 is pulled out, the reel 20 rotates the rotary shaft 19 counterclockwise. The upper end of the damping mechanism frame 18 is provided with a right guide roller 24 and a left guide roller 22 in parallel along the horizontal direction, and the end of the rope 16 is pulled out from between the right guide roller 24 and the left guide roller 22; right guide roller 24 and left guide roller 22 may provide rotational guidance on the left and right sides of cord 16, respectively, as the direction of cord 16 changes.
The reel 20 has a base diameter of 40mm and the rotary shaft 19 has a diameter of 10 mm; the ropes 16 are steel wire ropes with a diameter of 3 mm.
The traction damper body 15 adopts an existing rotary damper structure, the traction damper body 15 comprises an inner ring and an outer ring, the damping torque is 0.5N.m when the relative rotating speed of the inner ring and the outer ring is less than 1Rpm, the damping torque rises rapidly when the rotating speed is greater than 1Rpm, and the damping torque is increased to a rated value of 10N.m when the rotating speed is greater than 1.8 Rpm.
The outer ring of the traction damper body 15 is fixedly connected with the damping mechanism frame 18, a one-way ratchet wheel 23 is installed between the inner ring of the traction damper body 15 and the rotating shaft 19, when the rope 16 is drawn out outwards, and the reel 20 drives the rotating shaft 19 fixedly connected with the reel to rotate anticlockwise, the one-way ratchet wheel 23 locks the position relation between the rotating shaft 19 and the inner ring of the traction damper body 15, the reel 20 drives the inner ring of the traction damper body 15 to rotate, and the traction damper body 15 provides damping torque for the rotating shaft 19. When the rotary shaft 19 rotates counterclockwise, the one-way ratchet 23 disconnects the rotary shaft 19 from the inner ring of the drag damper body 15, and the rotary shaft 19 rotates and the inner ring of the drag damper body 15 does not move.
The traction damper body 15 is a speed-limiting rotary damper, when the relative rotating speed of the inner and outer rings is lower than a set value, the damper does not provide damping force or the damping force is very small, and when the rotating speed is higher than the set value, the damping torque is increased to a rated value.
The spiral spring mechanism 21 adopts the existing spiral spring structure, and comprises a shell, a spiral spring and an internal rotating shaft, wherein the spiral spring is coaxially sleeved on the internal rotating shaft, and the spiral spring can provide tightening torque of 0.3N.m on average after being tightened. The rotary shaft 19 is coaxially connected to the inner rotary shaft of the spiral spring. When the rotary shaft 19 rotates counterclockwise, the wrap spring is continuously compressed and tightened. When the external tension action is stopped, the spiral spring can apply a tightening torque of 0.3n.m to the rotary shaft 19 through its inner rotary shaft, rotating the rotary shaft 19 clockwise to tighten the outer rope 16. The wrap spring mechanism 21 also reaches its maximum compression state when the rope on the reel 20 is fully drawn out.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, a counterweight swing arm pulling point 17 is provided at the lower end of the counterweight swing arm 7. The distance between the traction point 17 of the balance weight swing arm in the embodiment and the rotation center 12 of the rotating main shaft 2 is 1000mm at the lower part of the balance weight 9. And a traction type damper body 15 fixedly arranged at the lower part of the support upright post 4 is connected to a counterweight swing arm traction point 17 at the lower end of the counterweight swing arm 7 through a rope 16.
The pull-type damper body 15 in this embodiment comprises a drawable cord 16, and the damper is a one-way damper defined in the present invention because the cord 16 is a flexible structure capable of only carrying tensile force. In order to ensure that the rope 16 is always kept in a tensioned state, the traction damper body 15 designed by the invention is also internally provided with a spiral spring mechanism 21.
As shown in fig. 7, when the counterweight swing arm 7 is vertically downward and the photovoltaic cell panel 1 is in the horizontal wind-resistant protection position, the counterweight swing arm pulling point 17 is at the lowest point. Meanwhile, the draw point 17 of the balance weight swing arm is closest to the rope outlet position of the draw-type damper body 15, the length of the rope 16 which is collected into the draw-type damper body 15 is the largest, and the exposed length is the smallest.
As shown in fig. 8, when the photovoltaic cell panel 1 leaves the horizontal position, the counterweight swing arm 7 deflects, the counterweight swing arm pulling point 17 is raised, and the rope 16 is pulled out from the damper. The distance between the swing arm traction point 17 and the rope outlet of the traction type damper body 15 is increased, and within the deflection angle of 180 degrees, the larger the deflection angle is, the larger the distance between the two points is.
When the rotating main shaft 2 is driven by the speed reducer to rotate from the horizontal wind-resistant position to the declination increasing direction to normally track the sun, the drawing speed of the rope 16 is less than 4.2mm/s, the rotating damper in the drawing damper body 15 only provides 12.5N damping force, the scroll spring mechanism 21 provides 7.5N elastic tightening force, and the total tension is 20N. The length of the force arm is equal to the distance 1000mm between the traction point 17 of the counterweight swing arm and the rotation center 12 of the main rotating shaft. The damping torque provided by the traction type damper body 15 to the photovoltaic tracking support under the low-speed working condition of normal work is 20 N.m. When the rotating main shaft 2 rotates towards the direction that the deflection angle of the battery plate is reduced, the traction type damper body 15 only provides elastic tightening force of 7.5N and the torque of 7.5 N.m.
When the rotating main shaft 2 rotates from the horizontal position to the deflection angle increasing direction rapidly within the mechanical play and elastic deformation range due to wind load, the counter weight swing arm traction point 17 swings rapidly to pull the rope 16 at a high speed of more than 7.56mm/s, at the moment, the damping force of the rotating damping part in the traction type damper body 15 rises rapidly, 250N damping tension force can be provided, and meanwhile, the volute spiral spring mechanism 21 provides 7.5N elastic tightening force, the total traction force is 257.5N, and as the length of the force arm is equal to the distance 1000mm between the counter weight swing arm traction point 17 and the rotating main shaft rotation center 12, the speed-limiting damping moment provided by the traction type damper body 15 to the photovoltaic tracking support is 257.5 N.m. When the wind load disappears, the bracket elastically rotates, and the rope 16 is loosened, the spiral spring mechanism 21 in the traction type damper body 15 recovers the loosened rope 16 with a tension of 7.5N to keep the rope tensioned, so that a damping tension is timely provided when the photovoltaic cell panel 1 is away from the horizontal position next time.
In summary, when the photovoltaic tracking support is normally adjusted to be away from the horizontal wind-resistant position, the rope 16 of the pull-type damper body 15 is pulled at a pulling speed of less than 4.2mm/s, and at this time, the pull-type damper provides a damping pulling force of 20N. When the photovoltaic tracking support rotating main shaft 2 generates buffeting under the action of wind load, the counterweight swing arm 7 rapidly swings outwards, and the rope 16 is stretched at the drawing speed of more than 7.56mm/s, the rope 16 can provide 257.5N damping tension to absorb buffeting energy, limit the swinging speed of the counterweight swing arm 7 and inhibit the support buffeting amplitude. When the wind load effect disappears and the rotary main shaft of the tracking support returns to the horizontal position, the rope 16 retracts quickly into the traction type damper body 15 under the tension of 7.5N, so that the support returns to the horizontal wind-resistant position as soon as possible.
The specific parameters in the embodiment are only used for illustrating the working process of the invention, and changing the parameters does not affect the core content of the invention.
In the embodiment, the working process of the invention is not influenced by interchanging the fixed positions of the traction damper body and the telescopic end of the drawable rope.
The invention relates to a design method of an elastic damping type counterweight mechanism of a photovoltaic tracking support, which specifically comprises a plurality of support upright posts 4 which are linearly arranged, wherein the top end of each support upright post 4 is provided with a rotating bearing 3, a rotating main shaft 2 is arranged through the centers of the plurality of rotating bearings 3, the rotating main shaft 2 is provided with a plurality of photovoltaic cell panels 1, and the photovoltaic cell panels 1 are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the rotating main shaft 2; a balance weight swing arm 7 is installed on the rotating main shaft 2, the balance weight swing arm 7 is perpendicular to the back face of the photovoltaic cell panel 1, and a one-way elastic damper used for absorbing wind vibration energy and inhibiting the shaking of the rotating main shaft 2 can be further arranged between the balance weight swing arm 7 and a fixed point on the ground.
Nd＝G×L×9.8×cosα (1)；
nd is balance weight input torque, G is balance weight mass, L is balance weight swing arm equivalent length, and alpha is tracking support deflection angle;
the torque is used to balance the eccentric torque created by the photovoltaic panel 1 on the main rotation axis 2.
The unidirectional elastic damper comprises a fixed point and a telescopic traction point, the distance between the fixed point and the telescopic traction point is increased when the damper is stretched, meanwhile, an elastic mechanism is compressed to store energy, the damping force of the damper is smaller when the stretching speed is lower, the damping torque rises to a rated value when the stretching speed exceeds a set threshold value, when external tension force disappears or is smaller than the elastic retraction force, the damper retracts under the action of external pressure or elastic retraction force, and the distance between the fixed point and the telescopic traction point is reduced. For example, the one-way drag damper includes a U-shaped damping mechanism frame 18, a rotating shaft 19 is horizontally arranged in the damping mechanism frame 18, two ends of the rotating shaft 19 respectively extend out from two side stops of the damping mechanism frame 18, one end of the rotating shaft 19 coaxially connects with the drag damper body 15 after extending out from a left side stop of the damping mechanism frame 18, the other end of the rotating shaft 19 coaxially connects with a volute spiral spring mechanism 21 after extending out from a right side stop of the damping mechanism frame 18, a reel 20 is coaxially sleeved on the rotating shaft 19, a rope 16 is wound on the reel 20, and when the rotating shaft 19 rotates clockwise, the rope 16 is wound on the reel 20. When the end of the rope 16 is pulled out, the reel 20 rotates the rotary shaft 19 counterclockwise. The upper end of the damping mechanism frame 18 is provided with a right guide roller 24 and a left guide roller 22 in parallel along the horizontal direction, and the end of the rope 16 is pulled out from between the right guide roller 24 and the left guide roller 22; right guide roller 24 and left guide roller 22 may provide rotational guidance on the left and right sides of cord 16, respectively, as the direction of cord 16 changes.
The traction damper body 15 is a speed-limiting rotary damper, when the relative rotating speed of the inner and outer rings is lower than a set value, the damper does not provide damping force or the damping force is very small, and when the rotating speed is higher than the set value, the damping torque is increased to a rated value.
The spiral spring mechanism 21 adopts the existing spiral spring structure, and comprises a shell, a spiral spring and an internal rotating shaft, wherein the spiral spring is coaxially sleeved on the internal rotating shaft, and the spiral spring can provide tightening torque of 0.3N.m on average after being tightened. The rotary shaft 19 is coaxially connected to the inner rotary shaft of the spiral spring. When the rotary shaft 19 rotates counterclockwise, the wrap spring is continuously compressed and tightened. When the external tension action is stopped, the wrap spring can apply a tightening torque to the rotating shaft 19 through its inner rotating shaft, rotating the rotating shaft 19 clockwise to tighten the outer rope 16. The wrap spring mechanism 21 also reaches its maximum compression state when the rope on the reel 20 is fully drawn out.
The unidirectional elastic damper comprises a fixed point and a telescopic traction point, wherein the fixed point is connected to a part fixedly connected with the foundation of the photovoltaic support, the telescopic traction point is connected to the movable counterweight swing arm 7, when the support is in a horizontal wind-resistant position, the distance between the fixed point of the unidirectional elastic damper and the telescopic traction point is shortest, when the photovoltaic tracking support normally tracks the sun, the movement speed of the telescopic traction point is lower than the speed threshold of the unidirectional elastic damper, and the damping force of the damper is smaller; when the movement speed of the telescopic draw point is higher than the speed threshold of the one-way elastic damper due to wind-load buffeting, the damping force of the damper reaches a larger rated value, the larger damping force is provided for the tracking support to limit the swinging vibration speed of the rotating main shaft 2 of the support, and wind vibration energy is absorbed. For example: the one-way pull rod type damper comprises a one-way elastic damper body 8 and a damper pull rod 10, wherein the damper pull rod 10 with the telescopic pull rod type damper body 8 is connected to the counterweight swing arm 7 through a swing arm hinge 13, and the fixed end of the pull rod type damper body 8 is connected to the upright post 4 through an upright post hinge 14. When the balance weight swing arm 7 is vertically downward and the photovoltaic cell panel 1 is in a horizontal wind-resistant protection position, the distance between the swing arm hinge 13 and the upright post hinge 14 is minimum. As shown in fig. 2 and 4, when the panel leaves the horizontal position, the counterweight swing arm 7 deflects, the distance between the swing arm hinge 13 and the upright post hinge 14 is increased, the deflection angle is within 180 degrees, and the larger the deflection angle is, the larger the distance between the two points is.
The balance weight swing arm 7, the balance weight block 9 and the one-way elastic damper form an elastic damping balance weight mechanism assembly, and because the deformation amount of the two ends of the rotating main shaft 2 is maximum and the buffeting is strongest, at least the elastic damping balance weight mechanism assembly is respectively installed at the two ends of the rotating main shaft 2;
in order to ensure that the stress distribution of the rotating main shaft 2 is uniform and the photovoltaic tracking support operates stably, a plurality of elastic damping counterweight mechanism aggregates can be arranged on the rotating main shaft 2 at intervals, the more the elastic damping counterweight mechanism aggregates are, the more uniform the stress distribution of the rotating main shaft 2 is, and the better the operation effect of the photovoltaic tracking support is.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a support elastic damping formula counter weight mechanism is trailed to photovoltaic which characterized in that: the photovoltaic solar cell panel support comprises a plurality of support columns (4) which are arranged in a straight line, wherein a rotary bearing (3) is arranged at the top end of each support column (4), a rotary main shaft (2) is arranged at the center of the rotary bearings (3), a plurality of photovoltaic cell panels (1) are arranged on the rotary main shaft (2), and the photovoltaic cell panels (1) are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the rotary main shaft (2); a counterweight swing arm (7) is arranged at the joint of the support upright post (4) and the rotating main shaft (2), and the counterweight swing arm (7) is vertical to the back of the photovoltaic cell panel (1); a one-way elastic damper is arranged between the balance weight swing arm (7) and the support upright post (4);
a free swing arm end of the balance weight swing arm (7) is provided with a balance weight block (9), the balance weight block (9) inputs torque to the rotating main shaft (2) through the balance weight swing arm (7), and the torque is used for balancing the eccentric torque formed by the photovoltaic cell panel (1) to the rotating main shaft (2);
unidirectional elastic damper adopts unidirectional pull rod formula attenuator, including unidirectional elastic damper body (8) and attenuator pull rod (10), the connected mode of unidirectional pull rod formula attenuator and photovoltaic support does: the fixed end of the unidirectional elastic damper body (8) is connected to the supporting upright post (4) through an upright post hinge (14), and a damper pull rod (10) at the telescopic end of the unidirectional elastic damper body (8) is connected to the counterweight swing arm (7) through a swing arm hinge (13);
or the fixed end of the unidirectional elastic damper body (8) is connected to the counterweight swing arm (7) through a swing arm hinge (13), and the damper pull rod (10) at the telescopic end of the unidirectional elastic damper body (8) is connected to the support upright post (4) through an upright post hinge (14);
when photovoltaic cell board (1) is in horizontal position, counter weight swing arm (7) are downward perpendicularly, and the distance between swing arm hinge (13) and stand hinge (14) is the shortest, and one-way elastic damper body (8) retract to the shortest state, and when photovoltaic cell board (1) deviated horizontal position, damper pull rod (10) were stretched.
2. The photovoltaic tracking support elastic damping formula counter weight mechanism of claim 1, characterized in that: the unidirectional elastic damper adopts a unidirectional traction type damper and comprises a rotating shaft (19) arranged on a damping mechanism frame (18), a traction type damper body (15), a winding wheel (20) and a volute spiral spring mechanism (21) are sequentially and coaxially arranged on the rotating shaft (19), and a rope (16) is wound on the winding wheel (20);
the connecting mode of the one-way traction type damper and the supporting upright column is as follows:
the traction type damping mechanism frame (18) is connected with a traction type damper body (15) fixedly connected with the traction type damping mechanism frame and is connected to the lower part of the support upright post (4), and the movable end of a traction type damper rope (16) is connected to a counterweight swing arm traction point (17) at the lower end of the counterweight swing arm (7);
or the traction type damping mechanism frame (18) is connected with a traction type damper body (15) fixedly connected with the traction type damping mechanism frame and is arranged at the lower end of the counterweight swing arm (7), and the movable end of a traction type damper rope (16) is connected to the lower part of the support upright post (4);
when the photovoltaic cell panel (1) is in a horizontal position, the counterweight swing arm (7) is vertically downward, meanwhile, the traction point (17) of the counterweight swing arm is closest to the rope outlet position of the traction type damper body (15), the length of the rope (16) collected into the traction type damper body (15) is the largest, the length of the rope (16) exposed outside the traction type damper body (15) is the smallest, and when the photovoltaic cell panel (1) deviates from the horizontal position, the stretched length of the damper rope (16) is increased.
3. A design method of an elastic damping type counterweight mechanism of a photovoltaic tracking support is characterized by comprising the following steps: the photovoltaic solar cell panel support comprises a plurality of support columns (4) which are arranged in a straight line, wherein a rotary bearing (3) is arranged at the top end of each support column (4), a rotary main shaft (2) is arranged at the center of the rotary bearings (3), a plurality of photovoltaic cell panels (1) are arranged on the rotary main shaft (2), and the photovoltaic cell panels (1) are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the rotary main shaft (2); a counterweight swing arm (7) is mounted on the rotating main shaft (2), the counterweight swing arm (7) is perpendicular to the back of the photovoltaic cell panel (1), and a one-way elastic damper used for absorbing wind shock energy and inhibiting the shaking of the rotating main shaft (2) is arranged between the counterweight swing arm (7) and a fixed point on the ground;
balancing weight (9) are installed to the free swing arm end of counter weight swing arm (7), and balancing weight (9) are through counter weight swing arm (7) to rotating spindle (2) input moment of torsion, moment of torsion computational formula:
Nd＝G×L×9.8×cosα (1)；
nd is balance weight input torque, G is balance weight mass, L is balance weight swing arm equivalent length, and alpha is tracking support deflection angle;
the torque is used for balancing the eccentric torque formed by the photovoltaic cell panel (1) to the rotating main shaft (2).
4. The design method of the elastic damping type counterweight mechanism of the photovoltaic tracking support according to claim 3, characterized in that: the unidirectional elastic damper comprises a fixed point and a telescopic traction point, the distance between the fixed point and the telescopic traction point is increased when the damper is stretched, meanwhile, an elastic mechanism is compressed to store energy, the damping force of the damper is smaller when the stretching speed is lower, the damping torque is increased to a rated value when the stretching speed exceeds a set threshold value, when the external tensile force disappears or is smaller than the elastic retraction force, the damper retracts under the action of external pressure or elastic retraction force, and the distance between the fixed point and the telescopic traction point is reduced;
the one-way elastic damper is one of a one-way traction type damper and a one-way pull rod type damper;
for the unidirectional traction type damper, the elastic mechanism is a volute spiral spring mechanism and comprises a shell, a volute spiral spring and an internal rotating shaft, the volute spiral spring is coaxially sleeved on the internal rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is coaxially connected with the internal rotating shaft of the volute spiral spring, and when the rotating shaft rotates anticlockwise, the volute spiral spring is continuously compressed and tightened;
for the one-way pull rod type damper, the elastic mechanism is an elastic component inside the damper pull rod.
5. The design method of the elastic damping type counterweight mechanism of the photovoltaic tracking support according to claim 3, characterized in that: the unidirectional elastic damper comprises a fixed point and a telescopic traction point, wherein the fixed point is connected to a part fixedly connected with a photovoltaic support foundation, the telescopic traction point is connected to a moving counterweight swing arm (7), when the support is in a horizontal wind-resistant position, the distance between the fixed point of the unidirectional elastic damper and the telescopic traction point is shortest, when the photovoltaic tracking support normally tracks the sun, the movement speed of the telescopic traction point is lower than the speed threshold of the unidirectional elastic damper, and the damping force of the damper is smaller; when the movement speed of the telescopic draw point is higher than the speed threshold of the one-way elastic damper due to wind-load buffeting, the damping force of the damper reaches a larger rated value, the larger damping force is provided for the tracking support to limit the swinging vibration speed of the rotating main shaft (2) of the support, and wind vibration energy is absorbed.
6. The design method of the elastic damping type counterweight mechanism of the photovoltaic tracking support according to claim 3, characterized in that: the balance weight swing arm (7), the balance weight block (9) and the one-way elastic damper form an elastic damping balance weight mechanism assembly, and because the deformation amount of two ends of the rotating main shaft (2) is maximum and the buffeting is strongest, at least the elastic damping balance weight mechanism assembly is respectively installed at two ends of the rotating main shaft (2);
in order to ensure that the stress of the rotating main shaft (2) is uniformly distributed and the photovoltaic tracking support operates stably, a plurality of elastic damping counterweight mechanism assemblies are arranged on the rotating main shaft (2) at intervals.
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| CN109951148B (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2024-02-09 | 浙江正泰新能源开发有限公司 | Photovoltaic tracker transmission device |
| CN110350853B (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2024-03-12 | 上海摩昆新能源科技有限公司 | Photovoltaic manual adjustable support |
| CN110262572B (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2024-06-18 | 上海摩昆新能源科技有限公司 | Photovoltaic tracking support and eccentric compensation device |
| CN110247622B (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2024-01-30 | 上海摩昆新能源科技有限公司 | Photovoltaic tracking support and rotary vibration damper thereof |
| CN114221606B (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2024-04-23 | 杭州华鼎新能源有限公司 | Driving device of solar photovoltaic tracking bracket |
| CN114553123A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-05-27 | 无锡昊阳新能源科技有限公司 | Moment asymmetric photovoltaic system and moment asymmetric photovoltaic system support |
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